Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Proofreading'
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Jones, Alexander Stephen. "Proofreading of substrate by the Escherichia coli Twin Arginine Translocase." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/65666/.
Full textWalsh-Betthauser, Kimberly. "Assessment of proofreading and editing with technical diploma students at Western Wisconsin Technical College - Mauston." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999walsh-b.pdf.
Full textDow, Jennifer Mhairi. "Probing the role of Tat proofreading chaperones in the assembly of molybdoenzymes." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/8b7d7f2d-3aa8-48ce-a9eb-ec8a7d2e341f.
Full textSeibel, Karen Kuhla. "Analysis of errors located by business students in hardcopy versus softcopy documents." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52074.
Full textMaster of Science
Smith, Toria. "Amending the Record: Proofreading American Naval War Diaries Written in the Pontus, 1921-1922." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2644.
Full textRebuck, Mark. "Feedback on Feedback: An Analysis of L2 Writers’ Evaluations of Proofreaders." 名古屋大学教養教育院, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/21064.
Full textLancy, Edward Donald Jr. "Genetic requirements for growth of Salmonella typhimurium lacking the proofreading subunit of DNA polymerase III." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054846339.
Full textMyers, Melissa Anne. "Isolation, purification, and characterization of a proofreading-deficient DNA polymerase from Mycoplasma capricolum, subsp. capricolum 14 /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487864485230423.
Full textSteiner, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Regulation of Translational Quality Control by Phenylalanyl-tRNA Synthetase." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1561468654993642.
Full textSeevers, Randy Lee. "The use of self-managed proofreading for detecting and correcting mechanical errors by students with a learning disability /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487940308432861.
Full textVargas-Rodriguez, Oscar E. "Characterization of Fidelity Mechanisms in Protein Translation." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397685427.
Full textShuneika, Hanna. "Proofreading and analysis of the Italian localization of the first 5 chapters of the videogame The Last of us." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16484/.
Full textSt, John Regina L. "An analysis of the self-evaluation strategy of reading one's drafts aloud as an aid to revision : a multi-modal approach." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1301631.
Full textDepartment of English
Tsuda, Masataka. "In vivo evidence for translesion synthesis by the replicative DNA polymerase δ". Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225985.
Full textKleinfeld, Elizabeth Neuleib Janice. "Dissonance and excess four students' experiences of revision in a composition classroom /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1276391281&SrchMode=1&sid=3&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1181310403&clientId=43838.
Full textTitle from title page screen, viewed on June 8, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Janice Neuleib (chair), Ronald Fortune, Bob Broad. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 270-280) and abstract. Also available in print.
Subissi, Lorenzo. "Biochemical insights into SARS-CoV replication." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5002.
Full textThis work focused on the enzymatic machinery involved in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RNA replication and transcription. Firstly, I established a robust in vitro polymerase assay with the canonical SARS-CoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) nsp12. I showed that nsp12, in order to engage processive RNA synthesis, needs two viral proteins, i.e. nsp7 and nsp8. This nsp7/nsp8 complex not only activates nsp12-RdRp, but also acts as a processivity factor. Thus, using this processive polymerase complex, I could investigate SARS-CoV proofreading for which only indirect evidences were reported. Indeed, coronaviruses encode for a 3'-5' exonuclease (nsp14-ExoN), putatively involved in a mechanism that proofreads coronavirus RNA during viral replication. We first showed in vitro that nsp14-ExoN, which is stimulated by nsp10, is able to excise specifically dsRNA as well as all primer/templates bearing a 3' mismatch on the primer. Moreover, we could confirm by sequencing that a RNA 3' mismatch was indeed corrected in vitro by the nsp7/nsp8/nsp12/nsp14 complex. We provide for the first time direct evidence that nsp14-ExoN, in coordination with the polymerase complex, is able to proofread RNA. Interestingly, using this in vitro system we found an element that could possibly explain the inefficacy of ribavirin therapeutic treatment on SARS-patients: ribavirin, which is incorporated by the SARS-CoV polymerase complex, would also be excised by nsp14. In conclusion, this system will drive future development of antivirals, particularly of the nucleoside analogue type, against coronaviruses
Jokela, M. (Maarit). "Replicative DNA polymerase associated B-subunits." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514274814.
Full textHaschke, Heinz R. [Verfasser]. "A Biokinetic Model to Describe Consequences of Inhibition/Stimulation in DNA-Proofreading and -Repair : Biochemical Aspects to Support a Hypothesis for a New Strategy in Cancer Therapy / Heinz R Haschke." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/117261430X/34.
Full textBouakaz, Elli. "Choice of tRNA on Translating Ribosomes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6324.
Full textLin, Bor-Ruei. "Electrophysiological Studies on Escherichia coli Protein-conducting Channel." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_diss/52.
Full textYamazaki, Cristina. "Edição de texto na produção editorial de livros: distinções e definições." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-31082015-132242/.
Full textIt is the purpose of this thesis to study the field of text-editing in the Brazilian book publishing industry. Its main aim is to point out a few distinctions deemed necessary not only to the academic research but also to the formation of researchers and professionals in this particular field of study and work. In order to achieve this goal, the main phases the text goes through on its way to becoming a book -- text-editing, copy-editing and proofreading -- are here taken into account and characterized. Examining the available manuals and academic papers on the book editing field is the starting point of this research. It then goes on to promoting a dialogue between the book editing field and other areas of expertise, such as psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology, that also deal with the process of reading. The possible relationships this dialogue reveals and the actual praxis of text editing are then analyzed. Contributing to a better knowledge of what text-editing actually involves is therefore a primary aim of this thesis. It intends to shed some light on the specific phases, primary and secondary goals and strategies text-editing comprises, as well as on a series of elements needed not only for the praxis of text-editing itself but also for a more conscientious practice of this activity.
Štefaník, Pavel. "Aplikace pro správu překladů pro redakční systémy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220669.
Full textPereira, Juliana Cristina Fernandes 1984. "O revisor nos rastros da ficção : no contexto dos estudos da tradução." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269516.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T09:37:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_JulianaCristinaFernandes_M.pdf: 1767935 bytes, checksum: cc5ac8a2f3da9afe0ab9dafb9186bb4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Nos últimos anos, têm sido divulgados inúmeros trabalhos com enfoque na representação do tradutor e do intérprete na literatura e no cinema, mas não tantos focam o revisor. E é justamente na fronteira entre realidade e ficção que se encontra o revisor-detetive Daniel Hernández, personagem central desta pesquisa, uma vez que seu autor Rodolfo Walsh (revisor, tradutor, ensaísta e, posteriormente, militante político) retira-o do mundo real e transporta-o para o ficcional. A presente pesquisa, portanto, tem por objetivo analisar a narrativa A aventura das provas de prelo, do escritor Rodolfo Walsh, como uma metáfora da tarefa do revisor, de seus rastros, de sua escrita, de seu trabalho de tradutor. Junto com o passo a passo do ofício do revisor, apresentamos o trajeto desta pesquisa: uma breve apresentação da vida de Rodolfo Walsh, bem como de sua literatura policial; conceitos relacionados à revisão, diretamente ligados ao dia a dia do revisor; a fundamentação teórica para a análise da tarefa do revisor e de sua criação como personagem de ficção, acompanhado de outros dois personagens: o revisor Raimundo Silva e o tradutor Gallus (abordados segundo uma visão mais conservadora, ou tradicional, de tradução e revisão) e o intérprete, senhor Kapasi (em cujas características reconhecemos uma visão denominada pós-estruturalista); a análise do personagem central criado por Rodolfo Walsh, o revisor-detetive Daniel Hernández. A título de desfecho, o ofício do revisor se apresenta como sempre mais ou menos terminado, sempre sujeito a falhas, confirmando que, ao menos no caso aqui estudado, não há crime perfeito
Abstract: Over the last years, a great number of papers have been written focusing on the part translators and interpreters play in literature and in the movies, but not many have concentrated on the proofreader's role. And precisely on the borderline between reality and fiction, we find proofreader-detective Daniel Hernández, the central character of this research, since his creator, author Rodolfo Walsh (proofreader, translator, essayist, and eventually, political activist), takes him out of the real world and plants him in the fictional. The scope of this paper, therefore, is to analyze the novel A aventura das provas de prelo (The Adventure of the Print Proofs), by author Rodolfo Walsh, as a metaphor of a proofreader¿s job, his tracks, his writings, and his work as a translator. Along with a step-by-step description of an proofreader¿s routine, we present the trajectory of this research: a brief presentation of the life of Rodolfo Walsh, as well as his police literature; concepts related to editing, directly connected to an proofreader¿s daily routine; the theoretical basis for the analysis of an proofreader¿s job and his creation as a fictional character, accompanied by two other characters: proofreader Raimundo Silva and translator Gallus (viewed through a more conservative or traditional lens of translation and editing) and the interpreter, Mr. Kapasi (in whose traits one can perceive a post-structuralist viewpoint); the analysis of the central character created by Rodolfo Walsh, proofreader-detective Daniel Hernández. By way of conclusion, the position of the proofreader always presents itself as more or less finished, always subject to flaws, confirming that, at least in the case studied here, there is no perfect crime
Mestrado
Mestra em Linguística Aplicada
Dumas, Milne Edwards Léonard. "Conception de formes de relecture dans les chaînes éditoriales numériques." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2254/document.
Full textDocumentary production in a professional context often involves a revising process in which documents need to be proofread before validation and publication. This important task faces new challenges when dealing with digital documents. Indeed, three features of digital writing are problematic: documents evolve very frequently and cannot be proofread each time as a whole; interactions provided by hypertexts make the task laborious or even impossible; document repurposing increases the views of content to proofread. As an advanced digital writing technology, XML publishing chains are a relevant framework for studying proofreading of digital documents. Observing that the views of content proposed by publishing chains, namely the generative views (XML sources that can be modified through a WYSIWYM editor) and the published views (documents obtained by transformation of the XML sources), are not adapted for proofreading, we consider designing new views of content dedicated for this activity based on two approaches: linearization, which consists in restoring some material linearity among contents; and tabulation, which aims at parallelizing different repurposing contexts so that they can be better compared. Part of the contribution presented here has led to the development of prototypes that have been experimented in the use of Scenari publishing chains in a pedagogical context. These prototypes rely on linear proofreading views allowing in particular the comparison between two versions of the document based on a diff algorithm
Jimenes, Rémi. "Charlotte Guillard au Soleil d'Or (ca. 1507-1557) : Une carrière typographique." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2011.
Full textWidow of Berthold Rembolt first, then of Claude Chevallon, Charlotte Guillard became in 1537 heiress of France's oldest typography workshop. With Charlotte Guillard at its head, the Soleil d'Or managed to monopolise two specific markets, the law texts and the works of the Church Fathers. The purpose of our thesis is to investigate the practical conditions which made these publications possible. It will highlight the material arrangements of the production and selling of those books, and focus at the people who stayed at Charlotte Guillard's side. This will allow us to demonstrate the importance of her relatives at every step of the process, and to show the coexistence of various networks of collaborators who manage to work on a common basis despite, at times, opposite intellectual and ideological motivations. Calling on manuscript archives, physical bibliography, and an analysis of the prefaces and liminary epistles, this monograph allows us to write a holistic history of the intellectual endeavour, taking into account all the ideological, social and economic conditions entering in its construction
Fidalgo, Ana Carolina Afonso. "Relatório de estágio em Edição na Almedina." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17133.
Full textO presente relatório refere-se às atividades concretizadas durante o estágio em edição realizado no Departamento Editorial das Edições Almedina entre outubro de 2015 e março de 2016. Começar-se-á com uma visão geral da história da editora e do grupo editorial. De seguida, são descritas as particularidades da política editorial e da gestão dentro da Almedina. Na última secção são relatadas as várias tarefas concretizadas durante o estágio, divididas em quatro categorias principais.
The present report refers to the activities carried out during the publishing internship that took place at Edições Almedina’s Editorial Department from October 2015 to March 2016. To begin with, an overview of the history of the publishing house and the editorial group is provided. Secondly, the particularities of Almedina’s editorial policies and management are outlined. In the final and main section, an account is given concerning the diverse tasks accomplished during the internship, divided in four main categories.
Hu, Wei-Yao, and 胡為堯. "DNA Polymerase Proofreading Assay by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29774062282590581271.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
104
DNA polymerases play an important role in various cellular processes including DNA replication, DNA repair, genetic recombination, reverse transcription and maintenance of genomic stability. The proofreading function of DNA polymerase is critical in preventing mutations. The fidelity of DNA polymerases depends on its ability to incorporate the appropriate nucleotides into the growing DNA strand and removing mis-incorporated nucleotide at template-primer junction. Traditional methods for the detection of DNA polymerases proofreading ability include gel-based assays and radioisotopic labeling. However, these methods are generally time-consuming and labor-intensive and require necessary safety measures to control radioactive exposure. Luminescent-based methods for the detection of polymerase proofreading activity were also developed by using intrinsically fluorescent nucleotide analogs , such as 2-aminopurine (2-AP) which has been extensively employed to study polymerase proofreading activity in vitro. However, these methods suffer from low specificity due to the ability of 2-AP to form thermodynamically stable base pairs with cytosine and 2-AP formed non-canonical base pair is subject to selective discrimination by some DNA polymerases. The high resolution of MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry with time-of-flight) for DNA detection has been employed in the PinPoint assay in which the primer extension reactions with four unlabeled ddNPTs followed by an analysis by MALDI-TOF identify the polymorphism at a given locus. We suppose the concept of this approach can be modified to study DNA polymerase proofreading. We employed double strand synthetic oligonucleotides with all 12 possible terminal mismatches at the template-primer junction to mimic mis-incorporated nucleotide as proofreading substrates for E. coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I). From MALDI-TOF analysis, we demonstrate that all 12 mismatches can be actively corrected by Pol I. This method is faster and less laborious than non-mass spectrophotometric methods. The results in mass spectrum also provide additional information for reaction mechanism. The mass spectroscopy analysis of proofreading was also tested for other DNA polymerases such as T4 and T7 DNA polymerases with success.
Chen, Yi-Xuan, and 陳逸軒. "The research of the proofreading on "Zhu Zi Ping Yi"." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85714093332810746833.
Full text國立臺北大學
古典文獻與民俗藝術研究所古典文獻組
100
Yu Yue (1821-1907) was born in Deqing County of Zhejiang Province, with a surname of Yinfu, nickname as Quyuan, and he was one of the most famous Masters on the Han School of classical philology in the end of Qing Dynasty. The discussions made by Yu Yue on the studies of various philosophies were concentrated on three books, including “Zhu Zi Ping Y(Reason and Principles of Various Philosophies)i”, “Quyuan Za Zuan”, and “Yu Lou Za Zuan”, and amongst them, there were proofreading of fifteen books from various philosophies, such as “Guan Zi”, “Yan Zi”, and “Lao Zi” in the “Zhu Zi Ping Yi”, which was his representational work on the studies of various virtuous men in his early stage. Below is the summary of the paper: The paper is divided into seven chapters, and the beginning and ending chapters are respectively as Introduction and Conclusions. In the second chapter, to talk about the flourishing background of the Han School in the end of Qing Dynasty, as well as to talk briefly on Yu Yue and his life in relation to academic field.In the third chapter, to state the motivation and process of how Yu Yue came to write “Zhu Zi Ping Yi( Reason and Principles of Various Philosophies)”. In the fourth chapter, by way of “reasons of error committing”, to make analysis on the situations of proofreading for “Zhu Zi Ping Yi”. In the fifth chapter, firstly to make discussion on three key points of how Yu Yue pursued his studies, afterwards, using “Four Methods of Collation” from Chen Yuan, to make investigations on the practices of emendation. In the sixth chapter, to make conclusions on the values and examinations of “Zhu Zi Ping Yi”.
Chou, Neng-An, and 周能安. "Proofreading of insertion/deletion error in slipped strand DNA replication." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jasnar.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
107
Insertion/deletion mutation is one of common point mutation during DNA replication . The occurrence of insertion/deletion mutation was thought due to repeated sequence being prone to slippage during DNA replication, so that the replicated product will gain or loss a few nucleotides.i.e. insertion/deletion errors. The insertion/deletion errors in replication can be corrected by the proofreading activity of the polymerase. Previous in vitro DNA synthesis study using template with simple repetitive sequences found that the proofreading efficiency of the polymerase is affected by the loop out position within repeat sequence, being the further the loop out occurs far away from the 3'' end, the less extend to proofread. It was suggested insertion/deletion loops embed upstream of the primer may not be proofread since the matched paring of primer template junction tend to be stabilized and can be successfully extended by DNA polymerase. In order to provide direct evidence for DNA polymerase producing insertion/deletion loop during slipped DNA replication as well as insertion/deletion loop proofreading efficiency of insertion/deletion loop, this study employed proofreading proficient and deficient Klenow polymerase to react with repeat sequences containing oligonucleotides. The resulting products were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS assay. This study designed DNA substrates with different number (2 to 10) of repeating A.T pairs in primer-template junction. In reactions using proofreading deficient Klenow fragment (3''→5'' exo-) and imbalanced dNTPs pool containing only dATP , this study found that mis-incorporation of A occurred; and the higher number of A.T repeat the greater extend of mis-incorporation in 20 min. Kinetic analysis was performed to confirm above reactions. In comparison, no mis-incorporation were found in the reaction using proofreading proficient klenow as well as reactions using imbalanced dNTPs pool containing dCTP, dTTP, dGTP but not dATP. We then examined proofreading of the Klenow fragment (KF) with DNA containing single nucleotide insertion/deletion loop at different position. Followed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, the proofreading at the insertion/deletion site is identified by the mass change of the primer. The result indicated that insertion/deletion error within 4 nucleotides upstream from primer terminus could be proofread effectively. We further tested the proofreading efficiency to insertion/deletion loop in slippage strand using DNA substrates containing insertion/deletion loop in nine to fourteen repeating A.T pairs sequence. In reactions using proofreading proficient klenow fragment in the presence of dATP, dCTP and dGTP, we found that the insertion/deletion error substrate with nine to fourteen repeating A.T pairs can be proofread.
Lin, Kuei-Ching, and 林貴卿. "Proofreading assay of insertion/deletion loops using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xpvj39.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
106
Insertion/deletion mismatch is a common point mutation during DNA replication, being associated to human disease such as cancer. Strand slippage known as repetitive sequence may lead to insertion/deletion mutation. DNA polymerase proofreads errors and the proofreading efficiency depends on the contents of repetitive sequence during DNA replication. It’s been known that insertion/deletion loops occurring upstream from the primer terminus may not be proofread by DNA polymerase since the matched paring of primer terminus will be recognized as correct substrate for extension by DNA polymerase. In order to understand the proofreading efficiency of insertion/deletion loop, we designed oligonucleotides containing insertion/deletion to perform proofreading assay. We examined proofreading of the Klenow fragment (KF) with DNA containing single nucleotide insertion/deletion loop at different position. Proofreading products were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The result indicated that insertion/deletion error within five nucleotides upstream from primer terminus could be proofread. The insertion/deletion error from six to nine nucleotides upstream of primer terminus escaped proofread. We further tested the proofreading efficiency to insertion/deletion loop in slippage strand using DNA substrates containing insertion/deletion loop in four, ten and fifteen repetitive sequence. Adding KF and ddNTPs, we found that insertion/deletion loop in both the four and ten repetitive sequences could be proofread by KF. However addition of two or three matched nucleotides at primer terminus of ten repetitive sequence, some insertion/deletion loops escaped proofreading. We also examined interference of insertion/deletion mismatch to polymerase activity. We used the KF(3''→5'' exo-), dATP, dGTP and dTTP for the assay. In the reaction lack of dCTP, the primer extension of KF (3''→5'' exo-) would be terminated at the position opposite to a guanine in template. We found KF(3''→5'' exo-) could not extend primer with a terminal mismatch. However, in the ten repetitive sequence containing an insertion/deletion mismatch could be extended by KF(3''→5'' exo-). We conclude that when insertion/deletion loop form at the position over four nucleotides upstream from the primer terminus in repetitive sequence could escape proofreading.
Hamdan, Samir M. "Structural basis for proofreading during replication of the Escherichia coli chromosome." Phd thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148749.
Full textWu, Ping-Hsien, and 吳秉憲. "Mapping the DNA polymerase I proofreading exonuclease excision track in deoxyinosine repair." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24704087357872130335.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
103
DNA is subjected to deamination at a physiologically significant rate. Deoxyinosine in DNA can arise from deamination of deoxyadenosine, which can be spontaneous or promoted by exposure of DNA to ionizing radiation, UV light, or nitrous acid. Deoxyinosine in DNA can pair with cytosine during replication resulting in A:T to G:C transitions. Specific mechanisms for removal of deaminated bases have been evolved. Several bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic organisms contain an evolutionary conserved enzyme, endonuclease V (endoV) that recognizes deaminated adenine in DNA. In E. coli, endoV incises DNA at the second phosphodiester bond 3'' to the dI lesion, leaving a 3'' OH and a 5'' P termini. Previously, we developed an in vitro assay to score the dI repair with cell extracts and purified proteins. We found that dI lesions were repaired by endoV mediated repair with high efficiency. In a purified system, endoV, DNA polymerase I (Pol I) and ligase are sufficient for the repair. We also demonstrated that 3'' to 5'' exonuclease (exo) activity of Pol I was very important for processing deoxyinosine lesions. To get better understanding how the dI lesion is processed by Pol I 3'' exo, in this study we designed dI-containing oligo-duplex and utilized proofreading in trans concept supplementing Pol I to proofreading deficient polymerase based reaction mixture in pyro-sequencing dI-containing procedure. We also utilized single nucleotide extension approach to map excision path during dI processing by mass spectrometry. We found Pol I could remove mismatched terminal base and activate sequencing reaction for the reaction otherwise to be inactive when containing proofreading deficient polymerase alone. The correction patch was mapped to the last mismatched base-pair, and no extra paired nucleotide was removed. This study might provide valuable information regarding the excision role of Pol I in endoV DNA repair pathway.
Chen, Yi-An, and 陳怡安. "Proofreading Activity of DNA Pol I to Substrate Containing Heterologies within Template-primer Junction." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34774735910167413185.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
99
DNA is genetic information for all organisms. It is important for maintaining fidelity during replicating. There are three steps that maintain the high fidelity. The first is structure switch for ensuring the right dNTP on the right place. The second is proofreading activity. DNA polymerase can remove the mismatch at the end of the primer then extension continually. The other is repair systems. Based on the above, the error frequency can decrease to about 10-10. There is no evidence showing that the second last mismatch can activate 3’ to 5’ exonuclease proofreading activity of DNA polymerase I. Besides, we known that after proofreading, Pol I can replicate DNA continually and form correct base pairs. For searching the detail of proofreading, we used the specificity of restriction enzyme to monitor whether the substrate was repaired or not. We designed different mismatch substrates. Besides, there was a nick downstream from the mismatch. In order to search the preliminary reaction of DNA polymerase I, we designed the reaction time within ten minutes and then monitored every two minutes. In addition, we compared the difference of proofreading efficiency and analysis of enzyme kinetic between different DNA substrates. Our results showed that DNA polymerase I could react with DNA substrates including T-T, T-G, and T-C. We also used linear substrate to test DNA polymerase I proofreading activity. It showed that this assay can ignore the extent of nick translation. These results suggested that the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase I can also be activated even when the mismatch located not on the end.
Lai, Hung-Ming, and 賴虹名. "DNA polymerase I proofreading assay using single nucleotide extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94ppns.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
105
Proofreading activity of DNA polymerase is very important factor in maintaining the high fidelity of genetic information during DNA replication. Traditional methods for detection of DNA polymerase proofreading ability include gel-based assays and radioisotopic labeling. However, these methods are generally time-consuming and labor-intensive and require necessary safety measures to avoid radioactive exposing. Fluorometric techniques have been used in kinetic analyses of proofreading activities. Intrinsically fluorescent nucleotide analogs such as 2-aminopurine (2-AP), which are incorporated into the product by DNA polymerase, have been extensively employed to study polymerase proofreading activity in vitro. However, these methods suffer from low specificity due to the ability of thermodynamically stable base pair formation between 2-AP and cytosine. Moreover, some DNA polymerases are able to selectively discriminate the 2-AP:T base pair from the normal A:T base pair. The high resolution of MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) for DNA detection has been employed in the PinPoint assay in which the primer extension reactions with four unlabeled ddNTPs followed by MALDI-TOF analysis identify the polymorphism at a given locus. We propose the concept of this approach can be modified to study DNA polymerase proofreading. Herein, we designed a non-labeled and non-radioisotope simple method to measure proofreading. An oligonucleotide primer is annealed to a template DNA forming a mismatched site and is proofread by a DNA polymerase in the presence of all four dideoxyribonucleotide triphosphates or single deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates. The proofreading excision intermediates and re-synthesis products of single base extension are denatured, desalted and subjected to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The proofreading at the mismatched site is identified by the mass change of the primer. We examined proofreading of Klenow fragment with DNAs containing various base mismatches. Single mismatches at the primer terminus can be proofread efficiently. Internal single mismatches can also be proofread at different efficiencies, with the best correction for mismatches located 2 to 4 nucleotides from the primer terminus. For mismatches located 5 nucleotides from the primer terminus, there was partial correction and extension. No significant proofreading was observed for mismatches located 6 to 9 nucleotides from the primer terminus. Moreover, this method can apply to deoxyinosine (dI) proofreading assay as well. For deamination product of deoxyinosine at penultimate position of primer 3’ ends, all of A-I, C-I, G-I, and T-I can be processed by Pol I proofreading exonuclease, with efficiency being T-I≥G-I>A-I>C-I. The correction efficiency might be determined by the base-pair stability at primer-template junctions. We also tested the reaction using NH4Cl instead of NaCl in reaction buffer. We found Klenow fragment retains the same activity and a much improved MS spectra with less background noise. A protocol using HCl for reaction termination could avoid tedious phenol extraction process and should be amendable for automation for mass screening. In parallel, the mass spectrometric method also has the capability to study both excision intermediates and proofreading products making this assay highly versatile.
Cheng, Chiao-Yin, and 鄭喬尹. "A study of the proofreading on Feng Gui Fen’s " Shuowen Jiezi Duan Zhu Kao Zheng "." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bpv44p.
Full text銘傳大學
應用中國文學系碩士班
97
Duan Yu-cai spent a lot of spirits to focus on annotating “Shuo Wen Jie Zi”, and he accomplished the greatest works which are admired by scholars. After “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” published, it prevailed deep and widely. It turned into the scripture and the scholars had to read it if they researched “Shuo Wen.” The research of “Shuo Wen Duan Zhu” also became the mode; the special works of renewing and correcting were published in succession. The most valuable works which was corrected and renewed “Shuo Wen Duan Zhu” by Feng Gui-fen is “Shuo Wen Jie Zi Duan Zhu Kao Zheng”, it was helpful for “Shuo Wen Dan Zhu.” Duan Yu-cai based Xu Xuan’s works on annotating “Shuo Wne”, and adopted Xu Kai’s works as the first-hand data to correct it. Duan Yu-cai didn’t explain that which parts he annotated it according to Xu Xuan’s works, which parts that he corrected it follow, or he didn’t follow both of them but depended on ancient books. Feng Gui-fen started to collate because he/ she wanted to know what Duan Yu-cai depended on, Xu Xuan’s or Xu Kai’s, when he annotated “Shuo Wen”, and also want to have a grasp of the reference among “Shuo Wen Duan Zhu”, Xu Xuan and Xu Kai. This article went by the title of “The research of “Shuo Wen Jie Zi Duan Zhu Kao Zheng” which was collated by Feng Gui-fen”. There are six chapters: the first chapter is exordium, we explain the motive, the range, the methods of the research, and then, we introduce the glancing situation of the predecessors’ research. We introduce the background of Feng Gui-fen, and relate the content of “Shuo Wen Jie Zi Duan Zhu Kao Zheng” simply in the second chapter. We compare and contrast Xu Xuan’s works, Xu Kai’s works, the works which was annotated by Duan Yu-cai, and the works which was collated by Feng Gui-fen verbally, analyze them, and generalize them; we also inspect the works which was collated by Feng Gui-fen is correct or not in the third and fourth chapters. We discuss the result which was collated by Feng Gui-fen, and the parts which were needed to correct; we illustrate advantages and disadvantages about “Shuo Wen Jie Zi Duan Zhu Kao ZHeng” in the fifth chapter. The sixth chapter is conclusion, we cite the judgment which was propounded by the predecessors, and then we discourse upon the evidence which was based by Duan Yu-cai when he annotated the works. It exhibits the achievement and the effect of “ Shuo Wen Jie Zi Duan Zhu Kao Zheng”, and proves that “Shuo Wen Jie Zi Duan Zhu Kao Zheng” which was authored by Feng Gui-fen is important to the research of “Shuo Wen Duan Zhu.”
Santra, Mantu. "Phase Transition In Soft-Condensed Matter Fluids And Contribution To Enzyme Kinetics Including Kinetic Proofreading." Thesis, 2012. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2589.
Full textSantra, Mantu. "Phase Transition In Soft-Condensed Matter Fluids And Contribution To Enzyme Kinetics Including Kinetic Proofreading." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2589.
Full textLi, Yi-Ling, and 黎羿鈴. "Biological Significance of Endonuclease V and DNA Polymerase I Proofreading Exonuclease in Processing Nitrite-induced Damage." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93286017462336061657.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
102
The highly mutagenic lesion, deoxyinosine (dI) can be produced in DNA spontaneously, and the process is enhanced by exposing DNA to ionizing radiation, UV light or nitrous ion. In Escherichia coli, deoxyinosine is excised through repair pathway that is initiated by Endonuclease V. According to our previous studies, the purified protein system containing Endonuclease V, DNA polymerase I, and E. coli DNA ligase was sufficient to reconstitute the repair of G-dI, T-dI and A-dI substrate in vitro. In order to evaluate the biological significance of endonuclease V and DNA polymerase I in processing nitrous acid-induced deaminated lesions, we employed nitrous mutagenesis assay to E. coli nfi (endonuclease V deficient) and polAexo (DNA Pol I 3’exonuclease deficient) strains to further understand the importance of these gene products in mutation prevention of nitrous enhanced deamination. Cells were treated with NaNO2 and measured the frequency of streptomycin-resistant mutations in the rpsL gene. The nfi mutant demonstrated 14 times higher mutation frequency than its isogenic wild type. The average frequency of mutants was 57-fold higher in the polAexo strain (KA796 D424A) than that of the wild type strain under nitrous stress. The mutants from the nitrite treatment were collected, and the rpsL gene was sequenced. The most common point mutation after treatment was an A:T→ C:G transvertion. This type of mutation accounted for 97% of total mutation in nfi mutant strains and 60% of total mutation in polAexo mutant strains. The results of mutagenesis assay demonstrated that 3’-5’ exonuclease of Pol I is the integral part of Endo V pathway to protect E. coli against nitrous acid-induced mutagenesis.
Hsu, Po-Chen, and 許博淳. "The Proofreading Activity of DNA Polymerase I to Single Mismatches at Different Sites of the Primer." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51405970298770954211.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
101
DNA carries genetic information in all living organisms. During DNA replication, it is important to maintain genomic integrity. Three mechanisms are involved in maintaining the high fidelity of genome. The first is base selection during replication; the second is the proofreading activities of DNA polymerases, which can remove the mis-incorporated nucleotide at the primer-template junction. The third is DNA mismatch repair systems. According to previous studies, it is known that terminal mismatch and consecutive two mismatches at the 3’ end of the primer can be edited by DNA polymerase I (pol I). Our previous study showed that the proofreading activity of pol I could edit deoxyinosine-containing heteroduplex DNA following the process of endonuclease V which create a strand breakage at the second phosphodiester bond 3’ to the deoxyinosine (DNA Repair 9: 1073-9). To figure out how it works, we constructed twelve heteroduplex DNAs containing single mismatch at the penultimate site of the primer and analyzed the proofreading activity. The results showed that all of the twelve heteroduplex DNAs can be edited by proofreading activity of pol I. However, the overall capacity of pol I proofreading exonuclease toward mismatches embedded upstream of the primer is still not fully understood. Therefore, we designed a series of mismatch substrates containing a strand break at 0 to 7 nucleotides 3’ to the mismatch, which mimic mismatches embedded in primer template junctions, to study proofreading activity of pol I. Mismatches were designed to interrupt a restriction endonuclease recognition sequence so that proofreading activity can be scored by the restriction endonuclease assay. We also placed several restriction endonucleases sequences at 3’ side to the mismatches so that in the same sequence content a series of substrates containing different strand breaks can be prepared. The two mismatches, A-A and T-T, were employed for the proofreading assay. The assay condition was in the presence of 0.1 mM each of the four dNTPs to mimic in vivo replication condition. Kinetic reactions of different substrates were assayed in a 6-min reaction span to obtain the initial rates for the comparison of substrate specificity for pol I proofreading. Our results showed that pol I can actively edit mismatches at -1, -2, -3, and -4 positions of the primer terminus. The correction levels were pol I concentration dependent, and also demonstrated certain degree of substrate specificity. Linearized heteroduplex substrate could also be efficiently proofread by pol I which ruled out the possible interference by non-specific nick translation. The results of this study is consistent with previous X-ray crystallography study that at least 4 nucleotide from 3’ end of the primer were required for transfer from polymerization site to exonuclease active site for editing. In addition, we also found mismatches located more than 5 nucleotides from 3’ end were very difficult to remove by proofreading proficient DNA polymerase. The observation could provide a good guidance for designing oligonucleotides for gapped duplex site-directed mutagenesis.
"Understanding Human Dna Polymerase Epsilon Functions: Cancer Associated Mutator Variants, Proofreading Defects And Post-translational Modifications." Tulane University, 2015.
Park, Ah Young. "Structure and function of the proofreading exonuclease subunit of E. coli DNA polymerase III and related enzymes." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148475.
Full textChen, Yang. "On the origin of spontaneous mutations in mice : evidence from mice deficient in polymerase 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity /." 2004.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-63). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11766
Lin, Chien-Ju, and 林千如. "The Proofreading Spectrum of DNA polymerase I to the Different Single Mismatches at 3’-Penultimate Site of the Primer." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35120549721676169110.
Full text國立臺灣大學
醫學檢驗暨生物技術學研究所
100
DNA carries genetic information in all organisms. During DNA replication, it is important to maintain genomic fidelity. Three correlating events operate in maintaining the high fidelity of genome:The first is base selection. The second is the proofreading activities of DNA polymerases, which can remove the last mismatched DNA at the primer-template junction. The third is DNA repair systems. To date, there is no evidence showing that the mismatched DNA at penultimate site of the primer can be edited by DNA polymerase I. Our previous study showed that the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase I could edit deoxyinosine-containing heteroduplex DNA after processing by endonuclease V which created a strand breakage at the second phosphodiester bond 3’ to the deoxyinosine. To figure out how it works, we constructed twelve heteroduplex DNA containing single mismatch at penultimate site of the primer and analysed the proofreading activity. The involvement of nick translation activity of DNA polymerase I was eliminated. Our results showed that all the twelve heteroduplex DNA can be edited by proofreading activity of DNA polymerase I and there were no general roles for trend of ionic strength in our proofreading assay. We identified purine.purine, the most frequently misinserted mismatches, could be edited well. According to the structure analysis, two large purine bases cause considerable strand strain that may lead to proofreading efficiency elevated. However, purine.pyrimidine mismatches were poorly edited probably due to these structures were similar to the correct Watson-Crick base pairs with minor distortion but the C-A could be edited well. Furthermore, the mismatch repair system had high efficiency to repair purine.pyrimidine mismatches can compensate to poorly proofreading activity. On the other hand, the large purine bases have increased stacking ability and the common N7 groups may be preferred to bind with the amino acid residue of exonuclease site. We found that the misbase on the primer strand had the more efficiency of proofreading activity but the T-G was not. Besides, we identified that gap-form substrate had better proofreading activity than nick-form. After removing the wrong base, DNA polymerase I will undergo polymerization. As a result of DNA carrying out polymerization without 5’ to 3’exonuclease activity with the gap-form substrate, it has higher proofreading efficiency. Conclusively, we identified the proofreading activity of DNA polymerase I can edit DNA mismatches at the penultimate site of the primer. In addition to our previous study, the DNA polymerase I actually could edit deoxyinosine-containing heteroduplex DNA which containing a strand breakage at the second phosphodiester bond 3’ to the deoxyinosine.
Pereira, Ana Carina Moreira. "Âmbitos e Desafios da Revisão Hoje." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/46723.
Full textThis report aim to present the tasks developed during the internship held at the publishing house Editorial Presença, in the Proofreading Department, between September until December 2017, as part of the degree of Master in Editing and Publishing at the Nova School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa. The main focus of the tasks developed in the internship was in the preparation, proofreading and translating text. In this report it is described some examples of the multiple steps of the editorial process and of the internship itself. This description of the activities developed is followed by a short critical reflection of the work done and of all the editing and proofreading process.
Marques, Inês Navarro. "Do casulo universitário à Borboleta Editorial: relatório de estágio na Editora Ponto de Fuga." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/76949.
Full textWith this report I outline my experience as an intern at “Ponto de Fuga” publishing house. Giving an acount of the activities I took part in when proofreading several fictional texts, an experience in traduction and my participation in a weekend fair. As this is the testimony of all the work I did as a culmination in my Masters in Edição de Texto , it will inevitably deal with some problems I had to overcome during this period. I also present some thoughts on the particular characteristics of “Ponto de Fuga” as a publishing house and it's growth in Portugal’s publishing market.
Montenegro, Maria Inês Fernandes Rodrigues Cardoso. "Revisão textual em contexto editorial: Relatório de estágio de mestrado na Relógio d´Água Editores." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/103275.
Full textThe purpose of the following report is to expound the tasks and responsabilitites developed during the internship at the publishing house Relógio d’Água. This internship was integrated in the master’s degree of Edição de Texto, of Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas of Universidade Nova de Lisboa. With a total of 400 hours, the internship took place between September and December of 2019, and consisted in proofreading and translation, as long as other editorial duties
Ribeiro, Inês Gonçalves. "Relatório de Estágio na Relógio d’Água Editores." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19619.
Full textThis report’s goal is to describe an internship at Relógio d’Água Editores which took place during the summer of 2015, and whose primary focus was to develop proofreading skills. Different types of books that were proofread, and the problems that arose with them, are presented. Other small tasks that were undertaken during this period are also described, as is the method this particular publishing house employs to edit and publish their works. Some notes and thoughts on this publisher’s work and its quality, as well as the challenges it faces as an independent publisher in today’s Portuguese publishing world.
Alves, João Miguel Vieira. "Relatório de estágio na Alêtheia Editores." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/22358.
Full textThe main objective of the present work is to describe the activities that I did during the internship at the publishing house Alêtheia Editores, between September 2016 until February 2017, as part of the master degree in Text Editing. In the first chapter of this internship report I try to describe shortly the publishing house, his editorial views, and the main elements of his editorial group. In the second chapter I try to list summarily all the activities over the five months internship. In the third, and last chapter I try to describe with more attention the two activities that I did during the all internship: text prepping before the pagination of the book, and proofreading.
Aleixo, Cláudia de Oliveira. "Relatório de Estágio na editora Ponto de Fuga." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/106547.
Full textThis report is the product of the curricular internship carried out at the Ponto de Fuga publishing house between July 2019 and January 2020. In it there’s a presentation of the circumstances and problems associated with the internship and the dynamics adopted to overcome them. There’s also a summary of the intern’s collaboration in proofreading, translation support and translation revision. Lastly, there’s a presentation of some considerations about the results achieved and the influence of the master’s programme for the qualification of the intern in order to obtain said results.
Agostinho, Sara Isabel Quintela. "Relatório de estágio na Alêtheia Editores." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/21784.
Full textThe present report aims to describe the internship held at Alêtheia Editores, from the 1st of August to the 20th of October of this academic year, for the degree of Master of Text Editing at the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, after the conclusion of the study program’s course units. The internship focused mainly in the area of text’s preparation and proofreading. As such, there are given some examples of different types of editorial work developed, in addition to several challenges that were found. The tasks carried out during the internship are described as well as the organization of production, followed by a critical analysis that reflects on the quality of the projects executed and on the efficacy of the adopted methodologies, whether in the host institution or in the Portuguese publishing market.