Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propagation des fissures'
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Amestoy, Michel. "Propagation de fissures en elasticite plane." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066238.
Full textAmestoy, Michel. "Propagation de fissures en élasticité plane." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602291j.
Full textBignonnet, André. "Sur la propagation des fissures de fatigue." Paris, ENSAM, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENAM0021.
Full textZeghloul, Abderrahim. "Comparaison de la propagation en fatigue des fissures courtes et des fissures longues." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619253w.
Full textCarlioz, Thomas. "Nucléation et propagation de fissures en conditions anisotropes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1247/document.
Full textStarting from an industrial issue that is cracks onset when excavating a tunnel, this work aims at giving new insights into a more general problematic which is the initiation of macroscopic cracks. Thus, general and theoretical results are established. Nevertheless, they are applied in order to give some explanations to the excavation-induced fractures observed around the deep geological repository. To begin with, an idealised geometrical model is detailed and justified. Thanks to this preliminary work, we establish that the cracks that should be taken into account are closed ones. In addition we show that it's possible for small cracks length to work on an equivalent bidimensionnal problem. This last result allows us to apply the mixed criteria. After giving the definition of a stable crack initiation length we define our own criteria to predict cracks onset. In order to do so and in order to be more in adequacy with the caracter brutal of a crack initiation, we offer through a micromecanic modelisation to deploy the usual thermodynamic approach in an adiabatic context. Different methods to compute the key quantity which is the incremental energy released rate are then built. Finally, the criteria is applied to give some justifications to the anisotropic geometry of the excavation-induced fractures. In a second part of this work, we focuse on the problematics tied to the local damage models. For instance, the notion of stability for an equilibrium state is discussed. Hill's stability critera is adapted to damage problems. Once again, it seems that an adiabatic context is more suited and the differences implied are emphasized. To conclude, we offer to investigate the localisation issue in one dimensionnal problems
Jung, Olivier. "Influence du grenaillage sur la propagation des fissures." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2315.
Full textGrégoire, David. "Initiation, propagation, arrêt et redémarrage de fissures sous impact." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00418626.
Full textDes expériences de rupture dynamique ont donc été réalisées sur du Polyméthacrylate de méthyle (PMMA) durant lesquelles la mixité du chargement varie et des arrêts et redémarrages de fissures se produisent. Deux bancs d'essais différents ont été utilisé, le premier basé sur la technique des barres de Hopkinson (ou barres de Kolsky), le second mettant en jeu un vérin rapide. Le PMMA étant transparent, la position de la fissure au cours de l'essai a été acquise grâce à des caméras rapides mais aussi en utilisant un extensomètre optique (Zimmer), habituellement dédié à la mesure de déplacements macroscopiques d'un contraste noir/blanc. L'utilisation de cet extensomètre pour suivre la fissure au cours de l'essai a permis d'obtenir une localisation très précise de la pointe de la fissure en continu, permettant ainsi l'étude des phases transitoires de propagation. Afin d'étudier le même phénomène dans des matériaux opaques comme les aluminiums aéronautiques (Al 7075), des techniques de corrélation d'images numériques ont été employées en mouchetant les éprouvettes impactées. De nouveaux algorithmes ont été développés afin de traiter les images issues d'une caméra ultra-rapide (jusqu'à 400 000 images par seconde).
Plusieurs géométries ont été envisagées afin d'étudier différents cas de propagation dynamique : initiation en mode I pur, initiation en mode mixte, propagation, arrêt, redémarrage, interaction entre deux fissures, influence d'un trou sur le trajet d'une fissure, branchement dynamique de fissures. Ces expériences ont ensuite été reproduites numériquement afin de valider les algorithmes et les critères de rupture choisis.
Lesne, Pierre-Marie. "Amorçage et propagation de fissures sous gradients thermiques cycliques." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10111.
Full textGreciet, Florine. "Régression polynomiale par morceaux pour la propagation de fissures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0004.
Full textAn aircraft engine is made up of several families of materials that undergo multiple degradation mechanisms from their manufacture but also during their flight cycle (take-off, landing, pressurization, pilot manoeuvring,...) or during its rest on the ground. One of these mechanisms is related to the phenomenon of fatigue which represents the degradation of a piece due to repeated cyclic stresses. This degradation results in the initiation of a crack and its propagation until the piece ruptures. The prediction of the propagation lifetime of parts is therefore a very sensitive point since it impacts both the dimensioning (step prior to the design of the pieces) and the maintenance procedures (repair or change of the piece). Propagation lifetime calculations are partly based on the laws of phenomenological evolution describing the rate of progress of the crack in a material as a function of the stress applied. In order to study these data, which are likely to be modelled continuously and which allow several propagation regimes to be observed, we propose a polynomial regression model with several regimes, subject to regularity assumptions (continuity and/or differentiability). Following this, we developed inference methods to estimate the number of regimes, transition times and parameters of each regime. These results will only be usable by the engineering office if they are obtained within reasonable calculation times, i.e. in the order of a few minutes. Each new method has therefore been designed to reduce the computation time required to estimate the model parameters. Moreover, since the number of regimes present in the data is not known a priori, the last two methods we propose do not use any a priori on this number to estimate the model parameters. The work presented in this thesis is the subject of a collaboration between the Probability and Statistics team of the Institut Elie Cartan of the University of Lorraine, the BIGS team of Inria Nancy Grand Est and Safran Aircraft Engines
Lefrancois, André. "Propagation par fatigue de fissures bi et tridimensionnelles dans deux alliages d'aluminium : effets de petite fissure et de chargements aleatoires." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0089.
Full textMartin-borret, Guy. "Etude de la propagation de fissures dans les caoutchoucs synthétiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 1998. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000894.
Full textDesforges, Jean-Robert. "Propagation en fatigue des fissures courtes dans les alliages d'aluminium." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2293.
Full textAubertin, Pascal. "Couplage de modèles atomiques et continu, propagation dynamique de fissures." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0121.
Full textOur goal is to link two descriptions, one coming from continuum mechanics, using the X-FEM, the other being atomistic, based on molecular dynamics, in order to describe crack propagation. Using the Cauchy-Born rule, we can establish a link between some classical mechanical quantities and the type of potentiel we use. Thus, within the small displacements assumption, the two models are coherent in a material point of view. We have developped a coupling method, based upon a partition of the mechanical energy. We have sutdied a kinematic coupling enforced via Lagrange multipliers and detailed the energy balance, in the context of explicit dynamics. Finally, we have studied dynamic crack propagation on some 2D examples. The numerical implementation and the techniques that have been used to manage propagation and cracks following are given. Some examples of dynamic failure are shawn and the capabilities of the method are confirmed, particularly for managing crack branching
Feld-Payet, Sylvia. "Amorçage et propagation de fissures dans les milieux ductiles non locaux." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00583011.
Full textCummings, Julie. "Étude de la propagation des fissures dans les sols granulaires gelés." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/MQ49087.pdf.
Full textMohammad, Ebrahim Ebrahimi. "Effet de la microstructure sur la propagation des fissures dans l'alumine." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0059.
Full textThe crack propagation behavior of alumina was studied by means of Double Torsion and Single Edge Notched Beam methods. A high purity alumina (>99. 99 %) and an alumina with 500 ppm MgO were used as starting powders. A wide range of average grain sizes, between 4-53 μm was obtained by sintering the powder at l550-1850°C for 2-12 h. The compliance analysis leads to an overestimation of the real crack length at the beginning of the test and to under-estimation at the end. The overestimation could result from the development of several small cracks and mic. Ro-cracks in proximity of notch tip and non-plane crack profile shortly after load application while the underestimation obviously is related to elastic crack bridging ligaments and crack border interactions leading to crack closure. The grain sizes more than 35 μm result in a transition of intergranular to transgranular mode which decreases crack resistance strongly. The DT results in different environments (air, water and silicon oil). Show that slow crack growth is due to stress corrosion by water molecules at the crack tip. Region I and II of crack propagation are very sensitive to the humidity and region III is independent of the environment. The slope of V-K1 Curve depends strongly on the amount of rising crack resistance with crack extension. The increase f crack resistance with grain size I accompanied by, shift of the V-K1 law towards high K1 values. Moreover the slope of the curve is higher for higher grain sizes. By subtracting the (ΔKR) from applied stress intensity factor in different alumina ceramics, a unique V- K1tip curve was obtained. The measured crack tip stress intensity factor. K1tip• was independent of grain size. Thus the same stress corrosion rnechanism of ceramic bonds by water is responsible for crack propagation. A mean crack tip roughness of 2. 2 MPa- m1/2 was evaluated similar in value to the results obtained in the literature for alumina single crystal
Favier, Elie. "Déformation du front de fissures planes au cours de leur propagation." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066294.
Full textJu, Jianzhu. "Anticiper la propagation des fissures en détectant des précurseurs dynamiques optiquement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS089.
Full textTo assess correctly limitations in use, it is important to better understand how elastomers break by the propagation of an existing flaw and in particular whether such propagation can be predicted. To address this experimentally challenging problem, we propose in this thesis to characterize in-situ the microscopic behavior of soft elastomers at early stages of crack propagation with a variety of advanced optical methods. We first introduced spatially resolved multiple speckle diffusing wave spectroscopy (MSDWS) to map deformation rates in elastomers and applied it to investigate the strain rate field in front of a crack before propagation with an excellent time resolution. In a common and simple elastomer, PDMS, we observed by MSDWS the existence of a large-scale (~1 cm2) strain rate heterogeneity at long times (~500 s) before propagation, related to the accumulation of a highly localized bond scission (~0.01 mm2) around the crack tip, as detected by fluorescent mechanophores. We then used a combination of mechanophore mapping, digital image correlation and mechanical testing to investigate the origin of the increased fracture toughness of a more complex multiple network elastomer, and showed that the toughening comes from a local blunting mechanism involving bond scission in a sacrificial network to homogenize the strain around a deformed crack by localized creep. By combining original DWS measurements and mechanochemistry, we revealed optically the rich transient behaviors of soft materials before the macroscopic propagation of a crack. These new insights and methodological advances will provide useful information for the design and practical application of fracture resistant elastomers
Lamazouade-Tarek, Marion. "Modélisation de l'influence des interactions entre deux fissures semi-elliptiques : application à la propagation des fissures de corrosion sous contrainte." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13397.
Full textSun, Lingtao. "Etude numérique de l'amorçage et de la propagation de fissures de fretting." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00755695.
Full textSeyedi, Seyed Mohammad. "Formation, propagation et coalescence dans un réseau de fissures en fatigue thermique." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133778.
Full textSalapete, Raphael. "Propagation des fissures de fatigue dans les culasses automobiles : expériences et modélisation." Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1566.
Full textToumi, Ahmed. "Etude du processus de propagation de fissures par fatigue dans le beton." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30197.
Full textSeyedi, Seyed Mohammad. "Formation, propagation et coalescence dans un réseau de fissures en fatigue thermique /." Cachan : LMT-Cachan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39914632m.
Full textLefrancois, André. "Propagation par fatigue de fissures bi et tridimensionnelles dans deux alliages d'aluminium effets de petite fissure et de chargements aléatoires /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607177x.
Full textZhang, Xiao Ping. "Modélisation de la vitesse de propagation des fissures de fatigue sous chargement à amplitude variable." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL087N.
Full textNguyen, Sy Tuan. "Propagation de fissures et endommagement par microfissures des matériaux viscoélastiques linéaires non vieillissants." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598511.
Full textPonson, Laurent. "Propagation de fissures dans les matériaux désordonnés : comment déchiffrer les surfaces de rupture." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002920.
Full textPonson, Laurent. "Propagation de fissures dans les matériaux désordonnés : comment déchiffrer les surfaces de rupture." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0069.
Full textTrollé, Benoît. "Simulation multi-échelles de la propagation des fissures de fatigue dans les rails." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0033.
Full textTo optimize the rail grinding strategy, the prediction of crack growth rates has a vital role. Contact, with friction between the crack faces, notably occurs in rolling contact fatigue (RCF) problems. These time-dependent, multi-axial, non proportional loadings may lead to a crack initiation and propagation, and sometimes to the development of very complex 3D crack network. Numerical simulations of frictional fatigue crack are efficiently performed using the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM). Within this method, the mesh does not need to conform to the crack geometry. Most difficulties associated to complex mesh generation around the crack and the re-meshing steps during the propagation are hence avoided. A 3D two-scale frictional contact fa-tigue crack model developed within the X-FEM framework is presented. It allows the use of a refined discretization of the crack interface independent from the underlying finite element mesh and adapted to the frictional contact crack scale. The model is used here to analyze the crack propagation, rate and direction, under rolling contact fatigue. The wheel-rail contact loading is modeled as a traveling hertzian load. The stress intensity factors are computed at the crack tips during the wheel passage. Criteria for determining crack growth direction under multiaxial non proportional conditions and mixed mode Paris’ law are used. Actual residual stresses are accounted for in the simulation. They are determined thanks to a dedicated model used at SNCF in which the asymptotic mechanical state of the rail is computed when submitted to cyclic loads. A non-uniform elastic-plastic stabilized state is calculated and introduced, by projection of the mechanical fields onto the finite element mesh, in the crack propagation simulation. All this strategy has been implemented in CAST3M and is now used to model 3D frictional crack growth under RCF
Münch, Arnaud Diego. "Propagation de fissures tridimensionnelles dans les structures stratifiées : interfaces courbes et assemblages collés." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA06A001.
Full textBoussekine, Abdelmadjid. "Etude de la propagation des fissures par la méthode des éléments de frontière." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0034.
Full textAhmiedi, El Hadj. "Etude de la propagation des fissures en milieu viscoélastique : applications aux enrobés bitumeux." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0035.
Full textMouchrif, Salah-Eddine. "Trajets de propagation de fissures en mecanique lineaire tridimensionnelle de la rupture fragile." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066411.
Full textJohnson, Philippe. "Propagation des fissures en fatigue par chocs : développement d'une méthodologie et étude experimentale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10415.
Full textZHANG, XIAO-BING. "Etude numerique de la propagation de fissures par la mecanique de la rupture." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF21447.
Full textCoppin, Patrick. "Amorçage et propagation des fissures courtes de fatigue dans des alliages aluminium-lithium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0203.
Full textBenguediab, Mohamed. "Etude de propagation des fissures de fatigue sous spectres de chargement réduitsTexte imprimé." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2298.
Full textSbitti, Amine. "Propagation des fissures 2D et 3D planes sous chargement thermomécanique à amplitudes variables." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066686.
Full textD'Amours, Guillaume. "Détection précoce de la propagation de fissures dans les engrenages droits par analyse vibratoire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ53935.pdf.
Full textFesneau-Falbriard, Patricia. "Amorçage et propagation de fissures en fluage dans un joint soudé d'acier inoxydable austénitique." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPI265.
Full textChevalier, Jérôme. "Etude de la propagation des fissures dans une zircone 3Y-TZP pour applications biomédicales." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0129.
Full textThe Slow Crack Growth (SCG) behavior of different 3Y-TZP is investigated under bath static and cyclic solicitations, in different media, by the double torsion method and by flexural tests on indented bars. After a preliminary study of the testing methods themselves (validity conditions), we have studied the materials properties. Crack propagation under static conditions is related to stress corrosion at the crack tip by water molecules. Indeed, crack propagation is limited under vacuum conditions and accelerated in water. A typical three stage law is obtained in air, with the presence of a well-defined threshold under which no propagation occurs. An activation energy of about 70 KJ/mol. Has been calculated by measurements from crack velocity measurements from 3°C to 85°. The role of crack tip phase transformation on crack propagation has been investigated. It appears that 3Y-TZP with the largest grain size exhibit the best resistance to crack propagation as a direct consequence of transformation toughening. Crack propagation under cyclic conditions is due to stress corrosion assisted by mechanical degradation. Crack velocity are one or two order of magnitude higher under cyclic fatigue than that predicted by SCG laws under static fatigue as a consequence of crack bridging and/or crack tip shielding degradation. A stress intensity factor threshold is still observed under cyclic solicitations. Its value depends on the loading conditions and the amount of crack tip degradation
Feknous, Nadia. "Etude de la resistance a la propagation des fissures dans un milieu heterogene coherent." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0012.
Full textBompard, Philippe. "Effets endommageants de la porosité sur la propagation des fissures dans le nickel fritté." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPE050.
Full textAncelet, Olivier. "Etude de l'amorçage et de la propagation des fissures sous chargement thermique cyclique 3D." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2308.
Full textThe incident which has occurred on the Civaux power plant has shown the nocivity of thermal loading and the difficulty to take into account at design level. The objective of this paper is to study the initiation and the propagation of crack under thermal loading. In this aim the CEA developed a new experiment named FAT3D. The various experiments carried out showed the harmfulness of a thermal loading, which makes it possible to rapidly initiate a network of cracks and to propagate one (or some) cracks through the totally thickness of the component under certain conditions. These experimental results associated with a mechanical analysis put at fault the usual criteria of damage based on the variations of the equivalent strain. In addition, the study of the propagation stage shows the importance of the plasticity which, in the case of a thermal loading, slows down the propagation of the crack
Junet, Arnaud. "Étude tridimensionnelle de la propagation en fatigue de fissures internes dans les matériaux métalliques." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI006.
Full textFatigue is the main phenomenon causing the failure of mechanical structures. For very long service lives the initiation of cracks leading to the failure of in service mechanical parts changes from surface to volume. Due to experimental difficulties the propagation of internal cracks has only been studied to a limited extent in situ and in 3D. However, it is crucial from a dimensional point of view to know the behaviour of such cracks. In this work, in situ monitoring of the initiation and propagation of internal cracks was carried out by X-ray tomography (synchrotron source). Firstly, a method for manufacturing specimens was developed to enable systematic, non-destructive, and 3D visualization of the propagation of internal cracks in a titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) at 20 Hz. For this purpose, an artificial defect was drilled on the surface of a rolled sheet of this material. A second sheet, placed on top of the first one, was diffusion bonded by spark plasma sintering, making it possible to make the defect volumetric. In situ fatigue tests showed the crucial role of the environment (vacuum) and, to a lesser extent, that of the crystallographic texture on the internal crack propagation rates. Secondly, an ultrasonic fatigue machine (cycling frequency of 20 kHz) allowing in situ testing at the synchrotron was used to study the 3D propagation of internal cracks in A357-T6 aluminium alloy specimens containing an artificial internal defect. The 3D grain distribution obtained by Diffraction Contrast Tomography (DCT) was used to study the interaction mechanisms between the microstructure and the 3D crack path
Hiez, Brigitte. "Propagation en régime ductile de fissures amorcées dans des conditions de chargement hors normes." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066509.
Full textBompard, Philippe. "Effets endommageants de la porosité sur la propagation des fissures dans le nickel fritté." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596136s.
Full textFeknous, Nadia. "Etude de la résistance à la propagation des fissures dans un milieu hétérogène cohérent." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597567d.
Full textHiez, Brigitte. "Propagation en régime ductile de fissures amorcées dans des conditions de chargements hors normes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375983077.
Full text