Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propagation Optique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Propagation Optique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gros, Esther. "Propagation optique guidée dans les cristaux liquides ferroélectriques : fonctions optiques pour les télécommunications /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371128770.
Full textGros, Esther. "Propagation optique guidée dans les cristaux liquides ferroélectriques - fonctions optiques pour les télécommunications." Paris, ENST, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENST0034.
Full textVédrenne, Nicolas. "Propagation optique et correction en forte turbulence." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4085.
Full textMulti-conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) has been suggested in astronomy to increase the correction field of adaptive optics. The effects of atmospheric turbulence are stronger in case of near to ground observations: the correction field is smaller and diffractive effects of the propagation can no longer be neglected. The main purpose of this work is to study MCAO performances and limitations when the diffractive effects of the propagation are taken into account. We have considered an ideal configuration of two layers and two exactly conjugated dynamical mirrors. We show that MCAO may provide a good correction even if perturbations are strong. We observe that the limitation to a perfect correction comes from pupil truncation effects. They cause intensity fluctuations in the conjugated plane of the pupil. We propose a model of the point spread function which takes into account those effects. Concerning intensity fluctuations, we demonstrate that they can strongly affect wavefront measurement and therefore jeopardise MCAO systems operation. Finally, in the framework of the small perturbations approximation, we have expressed analytically the correlations between Shack-Hartmann data (slopes and intensities) as functions of the Cn² profile. This formalism is used to study anisoplanatism effects on wavefront measurement with a Shack-Hartmann operating on extended sources. We also demonstrate that it can be used to recover the Cn² profile by data inversion
Walczak, Pierre. "Propagation non linéaire d’ondes partiellement cohérentes dans les fibres optiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10003/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with nonlinear propagation of partially coherent waves in optical fibers. We focus our attention on systems of random waves that are well described by the integrable one dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We study both experimentally and numerically the statistical evolution of power fluctuations of random waves both in normal and in anomalous dispersion regimes. In order to measure statistics of the power fluctuations of partially coherent optical waves with typical time scales in the range of picosecond, we have performed an asynchronous optical sampling method. Our experiments show that nonlinear propagation strongly influences the statistics of wave systems by producing deviations from the normal distribution. The probability of occurrence of extreme events is significantly enhanced in the focusing regime whereas it is strongly reduced in the defocucing regime. Our numerical simulations of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation reproduce experimental results in a quantitative way. Moreover, our results provide evidence of the emergence of coherent structures embedded in the random fluctuations. In the focusing regime, we observe coherent structures similar to solitons on finite background that are now considered as prototypes of rogue waves. From our work about nonlinear propagation of random waves in systems described by nearly-integrable equations, we hope to contribute to the development of the field of integrable turbulence
Schwartz, Noah. "Précompensation des effets de la turbulence par optique adaptative : application aux liaisons optiques en espace libre." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771276.
Full textCamboulives, Adrien-Richard. "Compensation des effets de la turbulence atmosphérique sur un lien optique montant sol-satellite géostationnaire : impact sur l'architecture du terminal sol." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS564/document.
Full textAn optical link based on a multiplex of wavelengths at 1.55µm is foreseen to be a valuable alternative to the conventional radio-frequencies for the feeder link of the next-generation of high throughput geostationary satellite. Considering the limited power of lasers envisioned for feeder links, the beam divergence has to be dramatically reduced. Consequently, the beam pointing becomes a key issue. During its propagation between the ground station and a geostationary satellite, the optical beam is deflected and possibly distorted by atmospheric turbulence. It induces strong fluctuations of the detected telecom signal, thus reducing the capacity. A steering mirror using a measurement from a beam coming from the satellite is used to pre-compensate the deflection. Because of the point-ahead angle between the downlink and the uplink, the turbulence effects experienced by both beams are slightly different, inducing an error in the correction. The performance criteria is the minimum detectable irradiance 95% of the time. A fast model, named WPLOT, taking into account pointing errors and their temporal evolution, is proposed to evaluate the minimum irradiance as a function of the ground station parameters and quality of the correction. The model’s results are compared to those obtained with a more physical but requiring more computation power: TURANDOT. A sensitivity study has been realized and led to a sizing of a ground station. The model also enables the generation of time series in order to optimize the forward error correction codes in order to be compliant with the targeted capacity (1Terabit/s by 2025)
Carlotti, Xavier. "Étude mathématique et numérique de modèles de propagation en optique non linéaire." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066294.
Full textBlary, Flavien. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la turbulence optique en espace confiné." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4131/document.
Full textOptical turbulence and its impact on measured images is a well-known phenomenon in astronomy. Models based on the Kolmogorov theory, elaborated for a dynamical turbulence description, and methods, such as Adaptive Optics, were both developed so as to understand and correct the degradations caused by this turbulence. Analysis of the same phenomenon in indoor situation was however less investigated. The local air volume is nonetheless prone to optical perturbations sources which could have non negligible impacts on the measurements of instruments installed at proximity. This document introduces a first approach of indoor optical turbulence characterization. After the introduction of the studied phenomenon and the mathematical tools employed, this thesis present optical turbulence characterizations inside Thales Alenia Space clean rooms used for optical instrument integration and testing. Analyses inside telescope domes are also shown in this document. All the results were obtained using the INTENSE instrument which was developed during the thesis for optical turbulence characterizations using angle of arrival fluctuations of laser beams. In anticipation for future ameliorations of optical turbulence analysis methods, a chapter of this thesis is dedicated to the work made on a turbulence energy profile extraction and its application on the INTENSE instrument. Conclusions and perspectives of the work made during this thesis are presented at the end of the document
Sudrie, Lionel. "Propagation non-linéaire des impulsions laser femtosecondes dans la silice." Paris 11, 2002. https://hal-ensta.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01188199.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the study of the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in transparent solids. The short duration of these pulses (a few 10^-15 to a few 10^-13 s) supplies high light intensities with modest energies. When they traverse a transparent medium, theses strong laser intensities induce important nonlinearities which affect the pulse propagation. These nonlinearities can lead to a self-guided propagation with high intensities on long distances. This propagation is called laser filamentation. By focusing pulse of 2 mJ, 160 fs and with 800 nm as central wavelength, I have induced a laser filamentation in a 2 cm thick fused silica sample. The experimental study of this nonlinear propagation is the first precise and complete characterization of a filament in a transparent solid medium. Comparison between experimental and numerical results given by numerical code permits to show that laser filamentation can take place in solid, media in the same way as in gases. Equilibrium between self-focusing due to Kerr effect and defocusing by the plasma is the origin of filamentation. Defocusing limits the laser intensity and avoids sample damaging. This close relation between propagation and damaging led me to consider more strongly focused pulses propagation inside fused silica. This type of propagation leads to high electronic densities that induce irreversible damages. Comparison between numerical and experimental results permits to precise the conditions for damages appearance while giving experimentally inaccessible physical quantities. I have also observed in fused silica a new type of modifications with a strong birefringence. As an application I have made optical elements like waveguides and diffraction gratings
Pérennou, André. "Validation expérimentale des caractéristiques de la détection cohérente en milieu marin : évaluation interférometrique de la cohérence spatiale en milieu diffusant et l'interface air-mer." Brest, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BRES2023.
Full textCarlotti, Xavier. "Etude mathématique et numérique de modèles de propagation en optique non linéaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603624r.
Full textZhang, Boyu. "Propagation des parois de domaines combinant courant polarisé et commutation toute optique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS096/document.
Full textSince the first observation of ultrafast demagnetization in Ni films arising from a pulsed laser excitation, there has been a strong interest in understanding the interaction between ultrashort laser pulses and magnetization. These studies have led to the discovery of all-optical switching (AOS) of magnetization in a ferrimagnetic film alloy of GdFeCo using femtosecond laser pulses. All-optical switching enables an energy-efficient magnetization reversal of the magnetic material with no external magnetic field, where the direction of the resulting magnetization is given by the right or left circular polarization of the light. The manipulation of magnetization through laser beam has long been restricted to one material, though it turned out to be a more general phenomenon for a variety of ferromagnetic materials, including alloys, multilayers and heterostructures, as well as rare earth free synthetic ferrimagnetic heterostructures. Recently, we have observed the same phenomenon in single ferromagnetic films, thus paving the way for an integration of all-optical writing in spintronic devices. Moreover, in similar materials, like [Co/Pt] or [Co/Ni] with high spin polarization and tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), efficient current-induced domain wall (DW) motion can be observed in magnetic wires, where spin-orbit torque (SOT) or spin transfer torque (STT) provides a powerful means of manipulating domain walls, which is of great interest for several spintronic applications, such as high-density racetrack memory and magnetic domain wall logic. However, the current density required for domain wall motion is still too high to realize low power devices. This is within this very innovative context that my Ph.D. research has focused on domain wall manipulation in magnetic wires made out of thin film with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy combining both spin-polarized current and all-optical switching. Different material structures have been explored, in order to investigate the combined effects of helicity-dependent optical effect and spin-orbit torque or spin transfer torque on domain wall motion in magnetic wires based on these structures. We show that domain wall can remain pinned under one laser circular helicity while depinned by the opposite circular helicity, and the threshold current density can be greatly reduced by using femtosecond laser pulses. Our findings provide novel insights towards the development of low power spintronic-photonic devices
Neveu, Pascal. "Propagation de lumière dans l'hélium métastable : stockage, amplification, fluctuations et bruit quantique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN044/document.
Full textA quantum state of light is characterized by its statistics of number of photons. These statistics can change in the presence of coherent phenomena. This PhD focuses both experimentally and theoretically on the propagation of quantum states within a room temperature vapor of metastable helium. First, we show that ultranarrow coherent population oscillations allow to efficiently store a specific quadrature of a light wave. Nevertheless, this protocol cannot be use to store the two quadratures of a light field. Indeed, the propagation conditions deteriorates its statistical properties, forbidding its use for quantum application. Secondly, we show that it is possible to generate twomode squeezed states of light in that system. High amplification can be achieved (9 dB), exploiting the strong nonlinearities enabled by coherent population trapping of a transition, and because of the energy level structure. Finally, we study atomic spin noise transfer to light polarization noise via Faraday effect. These fluctuations, probed by spin noise spectroscopy, show original behaviors that may be useful in another systems
Passier, R. "Propagation de vortex optiques en milieu photoréfractif: application à la génération de guides optiques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400383.
Full textNous présentons d'abord les notions de base relatives aux solitons et les différents moyens permettant de les obtenir. Les vortex optiques et leurs applications sont également introduits. Plus précisément, le formalisme mathématique définissant les vortex et les méthodes pour les obtenir sont décrits. D'autre part, les différents mécanismes physiques intervenant dans la formation de solitons spatiaux dans les matériaux photoréfractifs sont détaillés. Un nouveau modèle numérique intégrant des variables auparavant négligées est proposé pour une meilleure compréhension du comportement du vortex dans le niobate de lithium dopé fer que les modèles numériques utilisés jusqu'alors. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence le bon accord entre ce nouveau modèle numérique et l'observation expérimentale de l'influence de l'anisotropie du cristal sur la propagation d'un vortex en milieu photoréfractif-photovoltaïque en fonction de paramètres tels que le moment orbital du vortex et les directions de propagation et de polarisation par rapport aux axes cristallographiques du LiNbO3. Enfin, les résultats obtenus dans le chapitre précédent sont mis à profit pour définir les conditions expérimentales optimales permettant d'obtenir un quasi-soliton noir en deux dimensions induisant une structure capable de guider et confiner la lumière dans le matériau. De plus les premiers résultats expérimentaux de structures guidantes plus complexes induites optiquement avec des vortex de charges multiples sont présentés.
Le nouveau modèle numérique développé dans le cadre de cette thèse peut-être utilisé afin d'étudier de façon plus approfondie la dynamique des mécanismes de dislocation de vortex optiques lié à la présence de singularités de phases multiples.
LEMOINE, VINCENT. "Proprietes optiques des polymeres en propagation guidee. Application a la modulation electro-optique et a la generation de second harmonique." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066149.
Full textNguyen, Thanh Nam. "Étude de composants optiques à base de fibres optiques non-linéaires." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1E003.
Full textThis work deals with the possibility of using silica holey fibres (SHF) and chalcogenide holey fibres (CHF) for applications in all-optical regeneration at 40 Gbit/s. The original results obtained during this work are arranged in three parts. Firstly, this work reviews several methods, known as the split-step Fourier (SSF) methods, to solve the non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in order to simulate nonlinear propagation in optical fibres. For three of these methods, modifications in their algorithms to increase their efficiency have been proposed. This work also presents a new SSF method which can solve the NLSE with a given accuracy. Secondly, this work presents, for the first time, the optical characterizations of CHF fibres and their strong potential for non-linear applications. The optical characterizations of SHF fibres, especially with a strong Raman gain, are also presented. A novel method, based on the effect of soliton compression, to measure simultaneously the dispersion and the nonlinear coefficient in an optical fibre, is also proposed. . Lastly, this work proposes an abacus for the dimensioning of the regenerator at 40 Gbit/s. It points out the role of pre-filtering and studies the mechanism of power-dependent-induced jitter introduced by the regenerator. This work proposes also a new architecture of regenerator at 40 Gbit/s, based on the use of a compressor which exploits self-phase modulation, to eliminate some undesirable effects such as Brillouin scattering and intra-channel four-wave mixing. The efficiency of the architecture is shown experimentally within a recirculating loop
Szwaj, Christophe. "Propagation d'ondes dans le spectre d'un laser multimode." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10136.
Full textMeunier, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse de la propagation dans les guides d'ondes optiques à l'aide d'une méthode de projection." Saint-Etienne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STET4002.
Full textCARMINATI, Remi. "Propagation, diffusion et emission thermique de rayonnement electromagnetique aux courtes echelles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002748.
Full textChappert, André. "Propagation de la lumière et conception du phénomène lumineux : du début du XIXe siècle à la naissance de la théorie de la relativité." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010511.
Full textThe gradual adoption of Fresbel's conceptions and the edification of a vibratory and ware theory of light give its unity to the period that goes from the beginning to the nineteenth century to the birth of the theory of relativity. It is useful to examine how the propagation of light was understood during this period of time. But such a study necessarily implies an analysis of the concept of the "light phenomenon". This designation relates to all the manifestations of light. The examination of the different theories of the propagation of the light perturbation is not sufficient. One must also take into account the formation of a wave kinematics and an undulatory mechanism; hence a deep transformation of the conception of the light phenomenon. This conception has also been definitively marked by the importance given to the energy aspects of the propagation of light. The notion of light ray has thus been the subject of different specifications. Finally, the problems raised by the forming of the image in an instrument provide an instructive illustration of the complementary approachs - electromagnetic, analytic, undulatory, energy-of the light phenomenon. The kind of rationality that gaverns its representation, on the eve of the quantum and relativistic revisions, is definable
Bougrenet, de la Tocnaye Jean-Louis de. "Vers une genèse des ondes sphéroïdales : application au domaine optique." Toulon, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUL0002.
Full textTellez, Limon Ricardo. "Light propagation in integrated chains of metallic nanowires : towards a nano-sensing device." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0039/document.
Full textLocalized surface plasmons (LSP) are used to control and concentrate the electromagnetic field in small volumes of matter. This is a very interesting property in the context of biophotonics. Indeed, it allows an enhancement of the light-matter interaction at the cell scale, or even at a single molecule scale. The technological challenge is to propose optical devices able to efficiently couple light into localized plasmonic modes and to improve the detection of signals resulting from the interaction between the confined light and the analyte under detection.In this thesis work, we theoretically and experimentally study the guiding and confinement properties of light in periodic arrays of metallic nanowires of rectangular and triangular (nanocones) cross section that support localized plasmons. These nanowires are integrated in a photonic circuit that enables an efficient light coupling. The extinction spectra of the plasmonic resonances are directly obtained by analyzing the transmitted light in the device. By making use of the Fourier modal method, we perform an exhaustive theoretical study of the plasmonic Bloch modes that propagate due to the near-field coupling of the localized plasmons resonances. It is demonstrated that for the metallic nanocones, the optical field can be strongly enhanced by a controllable tip effect and remarkably intense
Benatsou, Mohamed. "Elaboration par voie sol-gel et caractérisation de guides d'ondes optiques dopés aux ions erbium : application à l'amplification optique." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-221.pdf.
Full textShodjaie, Afsané. "Contribution à l'étude de la propagation de la lumière dans les fibres optiques application, étude de l'influence du rayon de courbure sur le mode de propagation d'une fibre optique monomode /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376011884.
Full textSHODJAIE, GHAZAIE AFSANE. "Contribution a l'etude de la propagation de la lumiere dans les fibres optiques : application, etude de l'influence du rayon de courbure sur le mode de propagation d'une fibre optique monomode." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13186.
Full textBouslimani, Yassine. "Filtrage en longueur d'onde par fibre optique monomode." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES024.
Full textJin, Guanghai. "Nouvelles techniques de modélisation optique : application à quelques composants d'optique intégrée." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10212.
Full textDeguil-Robin, Nelly. "Propagation et amplification d'impulsions femtosecondes dans des fibres exotiques." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR12978.
Full textBichler, Anthony. "Modélisation et simulation de la propagation optique dans une fibre optique multimode précontrainte : conception de capteurs à fibre optique à modulation d’intensité dédiés à la mesure de températures et d’étirements." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/BICHLER_Anthony_2011.pdf.
Full textThis manuscript presents the modeling, simulation and design of a new kind of light modulation optical fiber sensor for temperature and strain measurement. The transducer consists of a multimode fiber step index clamped between two micro-structured jaws. The clamping effect generates local periodical perturbations of both the geometry and the fiber refraction indexes (core and optical cladding). In order to compute the radiative coupling occurring when the waveguide is perturbated by a mechanical deformation of short period, we have chosen to use an electromagnetic model of modes coupling initially developed by Dietrich Marcuse. The simulation allowed us to determine the transducer sensitivity according to its specific characteristics. From these results we have chosen the parameters useful to design the sensor versus the aimed application. The first jaws prototypes of transducers have been microstructured in rectangular pattern etched in metal by femto-second laser micromachining. The elementary pattern size was of 20 micrometers of depth and the pattern layout period was ranging from 50 micrometers to 100 micrometers. After evaluation, we proposed to develop a large scale fabrication process of the jaws using plastic injection which was very efficient. The experimental tests of the first sensor prototypes allowed the validation of the computing models and showed a linear response of the sensor versus the measured physical parameter. We present the static and dynamic calibration methods that we have implemented to establish the metrological specifications of the sensor
Voyez, Juliette. "Mesures optiques de profils de turbulence atmosphérique pour les futurs systèmes d'optique adaptative." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975076.
Full textSchiavoni, Michele. "DYNAMIQUE DES ATOMES DANS UN RESEAU OPTIQUE DISSIPATIF : MODES DE PROPAGATION, RESONANCE STOCHASTIQUE, DIFFUSION DIRIGEE." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003129.
Full textNous reportons l'observation directe des modes de propagation Brillouin par imagerie et nous étudions le lien avec la résonance optique que l'on observe dans les spectres pompe-sonde. Nous montrons l'existence de modes noirs, pour lesquels un mode de propagation est excité sans qu'il soit détectable par spectroscopie.
Nous utilisons les réseaux optiques comme système modèle pour la physique statistique. Nous montrons l'existence d'une résonance stochastique pour l'excitation du mode de propagation Brillouin.
Enfin, nous reportons l'observation d'une diffusion dirigée d'atomes dans un potentiel périodique symétrique, obtenue grâce à la brisure de la symétrie temporelle du système.
Schiavoni, Michèle. "Dynamique des atomes dans un réseau optique dissipatif : modes de propagation, résonance stochastique, diffusion dirigée." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2003. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003129.
Full textLe, Bouteiller Philippe. "Approche eulérienne de l'équation de Hamilton-Jacobi par une méthode Galerkine discontinue en milieu hétérogène anisotrope : Application à l'imagerie sismique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU035/document.
Full textRecovering information on the structure and the composition of the Earth's interior is a fundamental issue for a large range ofapplications, from planetology to seismology, natural resources assessment, and civil engineering. Seismic waves are a very powerful tool for that purpose. Using a high-frequency approximation for the numerical modeling of seismic wave propagation is computationally advantageous when hundreds, thousands, or more of wavelengths have to be propagated. Instead of the linear wave equation, the high-frequency approximation yields three fundamental partial differential equations. The nonlinear Eikonal equation leads to traveltime. A second equation is derived for the take-off angle. Both Eikonal and angle equations belong to the wide Hamilton-Jacobi family of equations. In addition, the transport equation leads to the amplitude.As a Lagrangian approach, seismic ray tracing employs the method of characteristics to derive a set of ordinary differential equations from these partial differential equations. They can be easily integrated, thus yielding traveltime and amplitude along rays. Widely used in the geophysical community for their simplicity, the ray-tracing tools might not be the most efficient and robust ones for practical high-resolution imaging and inversion applications. Instead, it might be desirable to directly solve the partial differential equations in an Eulerian way. In the three last decades, plenty of Eikonal solvers have been designed, mostly based on finite-difference methods. Successive works try to find the best compromise between accuracy, computational efficiency, robustness, ease of implementation, and versatility.In this thesis, I develop a different approach, mainly based on the discontinuous Galerkin method. This method has been intensively used in the mathematical field for solving conservation laws and time-dependent Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Only few investigations have been done regarding its use for solving the static Eikonal equation in a geophysical context, despite the high level of accuracy allowed by this method. Therefore, improving upon mathematical studies, I propose a new Eikonal solver suitable for the geophysical context. Complex heterogeneous anisotropic media with non-flat topographies are correctly handled, with an unprecedented accuracy. Combined with a fast-sweeping strategy in a robust way, I show that this new solver exhibits a high computational efficiency, in two dimensions as well as in three dimensions.I also employ this solver for the computation of the take-off angle. I design an additional finite-volume solver for solving the transport equation, leading to the computation of amplitude. With this solver, I also consider the computation of the adjoint-state variable for seismic tomography, since it satisfies a similar transport equation. Eventually, I propose a whole set of consistent solvers to the geophysical community. These tools should be useful in a wide range of applications. As an illustration, I finally use them in advanced seismic imaging schemes, in order to demonstrate the benefit brought by the high-frequency approximation in this kind of schemes
Rodriguez, Christophe. "Commutation optique sur InP : apports pour la fabrication de commutateurs de très hautes performances." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10197/document.
Full textNew applications of optical switching require very high performance devices, i.e. a low switching times combined with very low crosstalk between two arms and a switching current of the order of a few tens of milliamps. This combination is extremely delicate to obtain, but the problem becomes more complicated with the addition of fiber to fiber losses used for integration, which is of the order of one decibel.The work described in this thesis concerns the above mentioned problem. It follows the different work in IEMN in this area. Here we first developed a multiple quantum well waveguide structure to increase mechanisms of index variation. Then, we optimized switches with very low crosstalk and also Mach-Zehnder interferometers. Then these devices were manufactured in a clean room and characterized. The results of this study were not as per our expectations due to excessive losses in optical waveguides.In parallel, we have designed, fabricated and characterized other types of diluted waveguides with a very thin core. We finally obtained coupling losses of 1.6 dB/face without anti-reflective coating, which would give 0.1 dB with such a coating. This very interesting result should be related to the fact that the refractive index variation obtained on these guides is very important, showing an effect of free carriers much higher than in conventional semiconductor guides. All these aspects make our waveguide an excellent candidate for high performance optical switches
Bendahmane, Abdelkrim. "Propagation d'impulsions solitoniques dans des fibres optiques à dispersion variable." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10170/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study of the propagation of solitons, or assimilated ones, in optical fibers with tailored longitudinal profiles. The first part presents the general guiding properties of an optical fiber and introduces the main linear and non-linear process involved in solitons propagation. In Part II, spectral and then spectrotemporal solitons control is demonstrated through the use of specially designed topographic fibers. Part III explore the emission dynamics of cascaded resonant radiations and multiple resonant radiations in a fiber with an oscillating zero-dispersion wavelength. Finally, Part IV is devoted to the stabilization of Akhmediev breathers in an optical fiber including a dispersion step
Mariage, Philippe. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de la propagation des ondes hyperfréquences en milieu confiné et urbain." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10052.
Full textMATTEI, CHRISTOPHE. "Etude par interferometrie optique de la propagation des ondes acoustiques guidees dans les milieux solides transparents." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077139.
Full textChassat, François. "Propagation optique a travers la turbulence atmospherique : etude modale de l'anisoplanetisme et application a l'optique adaptative." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112262.
Full textViquerat, Jonathan. "Simulation de la propagation d'ondes électromagnétiques en nano-optique par une méthode Galerkine discontinue d'ordre élevé." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4109/document.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to develop a discontinuous Galerkin time-domain method to be able to handle realistic nanophotonics computations. During the last decades, the evolution of lithography techniques allowed the creation of geometrical structures at the nanometer scale, thus unveiling a variety of new phenomena arising from light-matter interactions at such levels. These effects usually occur when the device is of comparable size or (much) smaller than the wavelength of the incident field. This work relies on the development and implementation of appropriate models for dispersive materials (mostly metals), as well as on a large panel of classical computational techniques. Two major methodological developments are presented and studied in details: (i) curvilinear elements, and (ii) local order of approximation. This work is complemented with several physical studies of real-life nanophotonics applications
Baudrion, Anne-Laure. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de cristaux plasmoniques : application au contrôle de la propagation d’ondes optiques de surface." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS031.
Full textA periodic modulation of a metallic film which sustains a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is called a plasmonic crystal (PC). In this work, one and two dimensional PC are fabricated by electron beam lithography and characterized by Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope. In the one dimensional case, Plasmonic Bragg Mirrors (PBM) are added first to a metallic film and then to a metallic stripe allowing the deflexion of the SPP propagation with a angle of 90°. In the two dimensional case, a triangular lattice of gold bumps is deposited on a metallic film. The interaction of this PC with the SPP is studied for two different incident propagation axes. The photonic band gap effect and the influence of the filling factor are characterized. The guiding mechanisms of the SPP in channel defects opened in PC are explained by means of Ewald constructions and the SPP propagation in channels including bends is observed
Viasnoff-Schwoob, Emilie. "Propagation et Emission dans des guides multimodes à cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007122.
Full textMatschek, Romain. "Amélioration des méthodes optiques pour la prise en compte des matériaux diélectriques à pertes : optimisation par algorithme génétique d’un tracé de rayons basé sur l’optique géométrique et la théorie uniforme de la diffraction." Marne-la-Vallée, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MARN0231.
Full textAfter having pointed out the theoretical bases and the validity domain of Geometrical Optics and Uniform Theory of Diffraction (UTD), the taking into account of the multiple interactions inside lossy dielectric slabs and wedges is clarified, evaluated, justified then validated with FDTD. Slope diffraction, in particular that associated to the transmitted field, is detailed and also illustrated on some examples. A full-3D ray tracing was implemented, integrating a genetic algorithm to optimise intrinsic characteristics of materials starting from measurements. Combination of reflected, transmitted and diffracted rays is exposed. Results of our ray-tracing and field calculations are compared with measurements for an indoor environment. Vegetation is finally taken into account, simulations being compared with outdoor measurements
Martinez, Anthony. "Convertisseur en longueur d'onde intégré sur niobate de lithium périodiquement inversé. Etude de la génération de fréquence différence indépendante de la polarisation." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2014.
Full textBoucher, Vincent. "Solitons spaciaux : contribution à l'étude de propagation non linéaire." Angers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0018.
Full textSchwoob-Viasnoff, Emilie. "Propagation et émission dans des guides multimodes à cristaux photoniques bidimensionnels." Paris 11, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007122.
Full textThe physics of a Fabry Perot cavity with grating mirrors, substantiated here by a multimode 2D photonic crystal waveguide, is investigated from a mainly experimental point of view. Applications in the field of optical telecommunications around 1. 55 [mu]m, as well as more fundamental issues are addressed. The guide walls consist of a periodic grating of air holes etched through a InP-based heterostructure. They are completely reflecting within the photonic band gap for any wave impinging within the periodicity plane. The periodicity along the guide couples through Bragg diffraction guided modes, with "ordinary" group velocity, with very slow modes, analogous to resonant modes. The new feature about this coupling is that it occurs only within small frequency and wavevector windows, remaining silent elsewhere. This coupling is firstly used to design a wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer, extracting, laterally with respect to the guide direction and selectively, all or part of the guided optical signal. The following and more fundamental parts of this manuscript investigate the potential impact of the spectral regions nearby these coupling windows in order to control the spontaneous emission of photons within these confining and diffractive structures. We present a sinking experimental spontaneous emission enhancement, related to a peaked photon density of states. The last part deals with a measurement of the modal gain spectrum: the consequence of the slowing of a guided mode around the coupling window onto the optical amplification of a propagating signal is discussed
Michel, Pierre A. "Perte de la cohérence d'un faisceau laser intense lors de sa propagation dans un plasma." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPXX0031.
Full textRivière, Luc. "Influence des paramètres de fabrication d'un coupleur directif électrooptique en LiNbO₃ : Ti sur ses facteurs de mérite." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112005.
Full textThis thesis studies the influence of the fabrication parameters pf a Ti: LiNbO₃ electro-optic directional coupler on its figures of merits. A theoretical model has been developed and its predictions applied to the design of high-speed modulators for 1. 5 μm fiber-optic communication system. The optical properties of the guiding structure (mode size, coupling length) as a function of diffusion conditions are presented in normalized form. The results are then used to determine the fabrication parameters so as to minimize total insertion loss of a fiber pigtailed device. The electrode geometry is dictated by band with considerations ant the variation of the associated switching voltage is calculated as a function of diffusion parameters. Experimental results have been found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Suggestions to improve the figures of merit are put forward
Riou, Fabienne. "Modélisation et caractérisation d'un amplificateur optique à semiconducteurs avec adaptateurs de mode." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4002.
Full textTchana, Wandji. "Étude et réalisation d'amplificateurs optiques à base de guides optiques dopés à l'erbium par le procédé sol - gel." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10219.
Full textAkkermans, Éric. "Propagation d'ondes dans les milieux désordonnés." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10050.
Full text