Academic literature on the topic 'Propagation Path Loss Model'

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Propagation Path Loss Model"

1

Liechty, Lorne Christopher. "Path Loss Measurements and Model Analysis of a 2.4 GHz Wireless Network in an Outdoor Environment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16308.

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Careful network planning has become increasingly critical with the rising deployment, coverage, and congestion of wireless local area networks (WLANs). This thesis outlines the achieved prediction accuracy of a direct-ray, single path loss exponent, adapted Seidel-Rappaport propagation model as determined through measurements and analysis of the established 2.4 GHz, 802.11g outdoor WiFi network deployed on the campus of the Georgia Institute of Technology. Additionally, the viability of using the obtained model parameters as a means for planning future network deployment is discussed. Analysis of measured data shows that accurate predictive planning for network coverage is possible without the need for overly complicated modeling techniques such as ray tracing. The proposed model performs with accuracy comparable to other commonly accepted, more complicated models and is offered as a simple, yet strong predictive model for network planning having both speed and accuracy. Results show, that for the area under study, the standard deviation of the prediction error for the proposed model is below 6.8dB in all analyzed environments, and is approximately 5.5dB on average. Further, the accuracy of model predictions in new environments is shown to be satisfactory for network planning.
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Rowe, Christopher D. "Channel Propagation Model for Train to Vehicle Alert System at 5.9 GHz using Dedicated Short Range Communication." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73178.

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The most common railroad accidents today involve collisions between trains and passenger vehicles at railroad grade crossings [1][2]. Due to the size and speed of a train, these collisions generally result in significant damage and serious injury. Despite recent efforts by projects such as Operation Lifesaver to install safety features at grade crossings, up to 80% of the United States railroad grade crossings are classified as 'unprotected' with no lights, warnings, or crossing gates [2]. Further, from January to September 2012, nearly 10% of all reported vehicle accidents were a result of train-to-vehicle collisions. These collisions also accounted for nearly 95% of all reported fatalities from vehicular accidents [2]. To help provide a more rapidly deployable safety system, advanced dedicated short range communication (DSRC) systems are being developed. DSRC is an emerging technology that is currently being explored by the automotive safety industry for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications to provide intelligent transportation services (ITS). DSRC uses WAVE protocols and the IEEE 1609 standards. Among the many features of DSRC systems is the ability to sense and then provide an early warning of a potential collision [6]. One potential adaption for this technology is for use as a train-to-vehicle collision warning system for unprotected grade crossings. These new protocols pose an interesting opportunity for enhancing cybersecurity since terrorists will undoubtedly eventually identify these types of mass disasters as targets of opportunity. To provide a thorough channel model of the train to vehicle communication environment that is proposed above, large-scale path loss and small scale fading will both be analyzed to characterize the propagation environment. Measurements were collected at TTCI in Pueblo Colorado to measure the received signal strength in a train to vehicle communication environment. From the received signal strength, different channel models can be developed to characterize the communication environment. Documented metrics include large scale path loss, Rician small scale fading, Delay spread, and Doppler spread. An analysis of the DSRC performance based on Packet Error Rate is also included.<br>Master of Science
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Almalki, Faris Abdullah E. "Optimisation of a propagation model for last mile connectivity with low altitude platforms using machine learning." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16177.

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Our related research review on propagation models reveals six factors that are significant in last mile connectivity via LAP: path loss, elevation angle, LAP altitude, coverage area, power consumption, operation frequency, interference, and antenna type. These factors can help with monitoring system performance, network planning, coverage footprint, receivers' line-of-sight, quality of service requirements, and data rates which may all vary in response to geomorphology characteristics. Several competing propagation models have been proposed over the years but whilst they collectively raise many shortcomings such as limited altitude up to few tens of meters, lack of cover across different environments, low perdition accuracy they also exhibit several advantages. Four propagation models, which are representatives of their types, have been selected since they exhibit advantages in relation to high altitude, wide coverage range, adaption across different terrains. In addition, all four have been extensively deployed in the past and as a result their correction factors have evolved over the years to yield extremely accurate results which makes the development and evaluation aspects of this research very precise. The four models are: ITU-R P.529-3, Okumura, Hata-Davidson, and ATG. The aim of this doctoral research is to design a new propagation model for last-mile connectivity using LAPs technology as an alternative to aerial base station that includes all six factors but does not exhibit any of the shortcomings of existing models. The new propagation model evolves from existing models using machine learning. The four models are first adapted to include the elevation angle alongside the multiple-input multiple-output diversity gain, our first novelty in propagation modelling. The four adapted models are then used as input in a Neural Network framework and their parameters are clustered in a Self-Organizing-Map using a minimax technique. The framework evolves an optimal propagation model that represents the main research contribution of this research. The optimal propagation model is deployed in two proof-of-concept applications, a wireless sensor network, and a cellular structure. The performance of the optimal model is evaluated and then validated against that of the four adapted models first in relation to predictions reported in the literature and then in the context of the two proof-of-concept applications. The predictions of the optimised model are significantly improved in comparison to those of the four adapted propagation models. Each of the two proof-of-concept applications also represent a research novelty.
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Sarwar, Muhammad. "Effects of terrain features on wave propagation: high-frequency techniques." Thesis, University of Kalmar, Department of Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2281.

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<p>This Master thesis deals with wave propagation and starts with wave propagation basics. It briefly presents the theory for the diffraction over terrain obstacles and describes two different path loss models, the Hata model and a FFT-based model. The significance of this paper is that it gives the simulation results for the models mentioned above and presents a comparison between the results obtained from an empirical formula and the FFT-model. The comparison shows that the approach based on Fast Fourier Transform is good enough for prediction of the path loss and that it is a time efficient method.</p>
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5

Ha, Sean Anthony. "3.5 GHz Indoor Propagation Modeling and Channel Characterization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53949.

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In the push for spectrum sharing and open spectrum access, the 3.5 GHz frequency band is under consideration for small cells and general Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) in the United States. The same band is beginning to see deployment in China, Japan, and South Korea, for the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular standard to increase coverage and capacity in urban areas through small cell deployment. However, since the adoption of this band is new, there is a distinct shortage of propagation data and accurate channel modeling at 3.5 GHz in indoor environments. These models are necessary for cellular coverage planning and evaluating the performance and feasibility of wireless systems. This report presents the results of a fixed wireless channel measurement campaign at 3.5 GHz. Measurements were taken in environments typical of indoor wireless deployment: traditional urban indoor office, hallway, classroom, computer laboratory, and atrium areas, as well as within a hospital. Primarily Non Line of Sight (NLOS) experiments were carried out in areas with a controllable amount of partitions separating the transmitter and receiver in order to document material-based attenuation values. Indoor-to-outdoor measurements were carried out, focusing on attenuation due to common exterior building materials such as concrete, brick, wood, and reinforced glass. Documented metrics include large scale path loss, log-normal shadowing, and channel power delay profiles combined with delay spread characteristics for multipath analysis. The statistical multi-antenna diversity gain was evaluated to gauge the benefit of using multi-antenna systems in an indoor environment, which has much greater spatial diversity than an outdoor environment. Measurements were compared to indoor path loss models used for WLAN planning in the low GHz range to investigate the applicability of extending these models to 3.5 GHz.<br>Master of Science
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6

Blakaj, Valon, and Gent Gashi. "Implementation of a 3D terrain-dependent Wave Propagation Model in WRAP." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36774.

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The radio wave propagation prediction is one of the key elements for designing an efficient radio network system. WRAP International has developed a software for spectrum management and radio network planning.This software includes some wave propagation models which are used to predict path loss. Current propagation models in WRAP perform the calculation in a vertical 2D plane, the plane between the transmitter and the receiver. The goal of this thesis is to investigate and implement a 3D wave propagation model, in a way that reflections and diffractions from the sides are taken into account.The implemented 3D wave propagation model should be both fast and accurate. A full 3D model which uses high resolution geographical data may be accurate, but it is inefficient in terms of memory usage and computational time. Based on the fact that in urban areas the strongest path between the receiver and the transmitter exists with no joint between vertical and horizontal diffractions [10], the radio wave propagation can be divided into two parts, the vertical and horizontal part. Calculations along the horizontal and vertical parts are performed independently, and after that, the results are combined. This approach leads to less computational complexity, faster calculation time, less memory usage, and still maintaining a good accuracy.The proposed model is implemented in C++ and speeded up using parallel programming techniques. Using the provided Stockholm high resolution geographical data, simulations are performed and results are compared with real measurements and other wave propagation models. In addition to the path loss calculation, the proposed model can also be used to estimate the channel power delay profile and the delay spread.
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Lu, Yao. "Propagation Modeling and Performance Evaluation in an Atrium Building." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177375.

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In this thesis electromagnetic wave propagation is investigated in an indoor environment. The indoor environment is a furnished office building with corridors, corners and rooms. Particularly, there is an atrium through the building in the center. For the study there were measurements available from real building in the 2.1 GHz frequency band. One objective is to design a propagation model that should be simple but reflect the trend of the propagation measurements. Furthermore, a system performance evaluation is carried out based on the implemented model. The proposed 3D model is a combination of the Free Space Path Loss model, the Keenan-Motley model and the recursive diffraction model. The channel predictions from the 2D Keenan-Motley algorithm are quite different from the measurements. Therefore, the 3D Keenan-Motley algorithm is designed to depict the atrium effect and speed up the simulation at the same time. Besides a buttery radiation diagram is created to mimic Kathrein 80010709 antenna installed in the building. Finally, a diffracted path is added to improve the received signal strength for the users around the atrium areas. With all the above procedures, the final results from the model are in good quantitative agreement with the measurement data. With the implemented propagation model, a further analysis of the system performance on the Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is performed. A comparison for the system capacity between the closed building and the atrium building is conducted, showing that the former one benefits more when the number of the cells increases. The reason is the atrium cells suffer severe interference from neighbor cells during high traffic demand scenarios. Then some further cell configurations show that the number of the cells, the geometry performance and the balance of the user fraction should be considered to improve the system capacity.
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Saeed, Asad, Habib Ur Rehman, and Muhammad Hassan Masood. "Performance Analysis and Comparison of Radio Propagation Models for Outdoor Environment in 4G LTE Network." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3241.

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The dissertation concerns about the path loss calculation of Radio Frequency (RF) propagation models for 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) Network to prefer the best Radio Frequency propagation model. The radio propagation models are very significant while planning of any wireless communication system. A comparative analysis between radio propagation models e.g. SUI model, Okumura model, Cost 231 Hata Model, Cost 231-Walfisch Ikegami and Ericsson 9999 model that would be used for outdoor propagation in LTE. The comparison and performance analysis has been made by using different geological environments e.g. urban, sub-urban and rural areas. The simulation scenario is made to calculate the lowest path loss in above defined environments by using selected frequency and height of base station antennas while keeping a constant distance between the transmitter and receiver antennas.<br>Asad Saeed C/O Muhammad Awais Hovslagargatan 47 LGH 1004 19431 Stockholm Sweden Mob: 0046723333734
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9

Vyčítal, Jaroslav. "Šíření signálů bezdrátových komunikačních systémů IEEE 802.11." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377156.

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This paper deals with the propagation of waves. Here is the wavelength distribution according to the wavelength. It focuses on the UHF and SHF band in which IEEE802.11n operates. Contains model breakdown by cell type. Describes which propagation methods are dominant in the cell type. Several propagation patterns are presented, which are then modeled in Matlab environment.The models are then compared to experimental measurements.
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10

Manan, Waqas. "Propagation channel models for 5G mobile networks. Simulation and measurements of 5G propagation channel models for indoor and outdoor environments covering both LOS and NLOS Scenarios." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17219.

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At present, the current 4G systems provide a universal platform for broadband mobile services; however, mobile traffic is still growing at an unprecedented rate and the need for more sophisticated broadband services is pushing the limits on current standards to provide even tighter integration between wireless technologies and higher speeds. This has led to the need for a new generation of mobile communications: the so-called 5G. Although 5G systems are not expected to penetrate the market until 2020, the evolution towards 5G is widely accepted to be the logical convergence of internet services with existing mobile networking standards leading to the commonly used term “mobile internet” over heterogeneous networks, with several Gbits/s data rate and very high connectivity speeds. Therefore, to support highly increasing traffic capacity and high data rates, the next generation mobile network (5G) should extend the range of frequency spectrum for mobile communication that is yet to be identified by the ITU-R. The mm-wave spectrum is the key enabling feature of the next-generation cellular system, for which the propagation channel models need to be predicted to enhance the design guidance and the practicality of the whole design transceiver system. The present work addresses the main concepts of the propagation channel behaviour using ray tracing software package for simulation and then results were tested and compared against practical analysis in a real-time environment. The characteristics of Indoor-Indoor (LOS and NLOS), and indoor-outdoor (NLOS) propagations channels are intensively investigated at four different frequencies; 5.8 GHz, 26GHz, 28GHz and 60GHz for vertical polarized directional, omnidirectional and isotropic antennas patterns. The computed data achieved from the 3-D Shooting and Bouncing Ray (SBR) Wireless Insite based on the effect of frequency dependent electrical properties of building materials. Ray tracing technique has been utilized to predict multipath propagation characteristics in mm-wave bands at different propagation environments. Finally, the received signal power and delay spread were computed for outdoor-outdoor complex propagation channel model at 26 GHz, 28 GHz and 60GHz frequencies and results were compared to the theoretical models.
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