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Journal articles on the topic 'Proper names, translation'
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Lukachevskaja, Lilianna А., and Irina V. Sobakina. "Translation of the culture-specific vocabulary in the Yakut heroic epic olonkho into Russian and English (based on the material of olonkho “Nurgun Bootur the Swift” by P.A. Oyunsky)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-21.018.
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The culture-specific vocabulary in the texts of epic works, which expresses the peculiarity of the culture of the people, creates certain difficulties in translation. In the proposed study, the analysis of the transmission of culture-specific vocabulary Olonkho “Nurgun Bootur the Swift” by P.A. Sleptsova in Russian and English. 825 examples were collected and grouped based on the classification of S. Vlakhov and S. Florin, the following groups were identified: proper names, realities, phraseological units, addresses, interjections, onomatopoeia. The analysis of the translation revealed that the most commonly used methods are transcription when translating proper names, realities and interjections; descriptive translation when translating proper names and realities as a commentary to the text, as well as, in some cases, when translating realities, phraseological units and addresses is used in the text itself; approximate translation when translating addresses, phraseological units and onomatopoeia. In the translations under consideration, the national flavor and specificity of the original language are preserved, and the translation methods are used in approximately the same amount for each group of of culture-specific vocabulary.
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Fadeeva, G. M. "PROPER NOUNS IN TRANSLATION OF FAIRY TALES." Onomastics of the Volga Region, no. 2 (2020): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-2.onomast.293-298.
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Fairy tales were and are passed down through generations wandering from nation to nation, particularly through translation (often via a relay language - Relaisübersetzen). The translation of proper nouns plays a crucial role in preserving the national identity of fairy tales as a linguacultural phenomenon that reflects the national worldview.A translator should take into account the peculiarities of a new recipient, which raises a question about the cultural adaption of fairy tales. These questions are considered on the basis of Russian-German translations of fairy tales including those of the indigenous peoples of northern Russia and the Siberian fairy tales that comprise nationally specific names and aptronyms.
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Lestari, Ni Putu Devi, I. Made Winaya, and I. Gst Ayu Gede Sosiowati. "Translation Procedures in Translating Proper Names from English into Indonesian." Humanis 24, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2020.v24.i04.p06.
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Translation procedure is a procedure or a method to translate the unit of language from the source language to the target language. Every linguistic part needs to be translated. It means including the proper names in the literary work. This study is aimed at identifying and analyzing the types of the proper name and their translation procedures in the novel entitled Pembunuhan di Orient Express. The problems in this study are discussed based on the theory of proper name and the theory of the translation procedure by Newmark (1988). The method used to collect the data was documentation method. This study applied the descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data. The result of the analysis was presented using an informal method. The analysis showed three types of proper names in the data sources. They are people’s names, the name of an object, and the geographical term. The translator uses seven methods from 18 translation procedures that were proposed by Newmark (1988).
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Shchurik, Natalia V. "The Translation of Proper Names in Folklore." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 2017): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0068.
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Abdolmalek, Saleh Delforouz. "Proper Names in Translation: An Explanatory Attempt." Social Sciences 7, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2012.832.837.
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Vermes, Albert Péter. "Proper Names in Translation: An Explanatory Attempt." Across Languages and Cultures 4, no. 1 (May 2003): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/acr.4.2003.1.5.
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Krašovec, JožE. "Transliteration or Translation of Biblical Proper Names." Translation Review 67, no. 1 (March 2004): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2004.10523855.
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Lukovtseva, Victoria Nikolaevna, Elena Nikolaevna Krivosheeva, and Alla Germanovna Sokolova. "The translation of the names of places and proper names from French to Russian." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 3D (October 12, 2021): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202173d1719p.290-301.
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The article is devoted to the modern methods of translating the names of places and proper names from French into Russian. All languages have special letters, particular personal names, some of which are deeply rooted in the culture of the speakers of the particular language; consequently, they can create unique difficulties in understanding the culture-specific texts. It is interesting to note that some personal names have different allusions indicating gender, age, geography, history, specific meaning, playfulness of language and cultural connotations when omitting this implied information will result in an appropriate translation. To analyse the transmitting of the names of places and proper names and their meaning from one language to another were taken the translation transformations, transliteration method and practical transcription with the emphasis on providing and explaining numerous examples. It has been revealed that the translation of the names of places and proper names form French into Russian are actively influenced by extra-linguistic factors, including cultural, socio-political, economic, including the realities of the book publishing process and market conditions.
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Alrumayh, Alhanouf. "Translation of Names in Consumer-oriented Texts: In-flight Magazines Articles as a Case Study." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 2 (February 27, 2021): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.2.19.
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This study aims to explore and investigate the procedures that are currently used in translating proper nouns within the area of consumer-oriented texts. The paper contributes to the development of the understanding of translation involving the English-Arabic language pair, with a particular look at differences in their cultural elements in a selection of articles that are taken from in-flight magazines of Gulf region airlines. Vermeer’s model of translation operations for rendering proper names (2003) is adopted to this study while the data is arranged according to Newmark’s categorization of proper names (1988). Findings show that substitution/transliteration is the most frequent translation procedure in the translation of proper names in consumer-oriented texts.
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Nord, Christiane. "Proper Names in Translations for Children." Meta 48, no. 1-2 (September 24, 2003): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006966ar.
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Abstract Drawing on a corpus of eight translations of Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland into five languages (German, French, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Italian), the paper discusses the forms and functions of proper names in children’s books and some aspects of their translation. In Alice in Wonderland, we find three basic types of proper names: names explicitly referring to the real world of author and original addressees (e.g., Alice, her cat Dinah, historical figures like William the Conqueror), names implicitly referring to the real world of author and original addressees (e.g., Elsie, Lacie and Tillie, referring to the three Liddell sisters Lorina Charlotte, Alice and Edith Mathilda), and names referring to fictitious characters. An important function of proper names in fiction is to indicate in which culture the plot is set. It will be shown that the eight translators use various strategies to deal with proper names and that these strategies entail different communicative effects for the respective audiences.
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Józan, Ildikó. "„Idegen szülöttet [...] csempész a családi név alá”." Névtani Értesítő 43 (December 30, 2021): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2021.2.
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The study formulates hypotheses for a more extensive historical examination of the connections and relations of names and translation within the Hungarian cultural heritage. It highlights that literary and non-literary (that is, of other types of texts) translation practices are more closely related than previously suggested by the cultural sciences of the 20th century. This is supported by the practices, strategies, and versions of Hungarian literary and non-literary translations, although the context of a literary work often puts a special emphasis on the name (proper names) and in some cases encourages methods that are rare or unusual in non-literary texts. In this case, however, it is not the translation orthe translator that acts differently, but the name, because the relationship between text (work of art) and language is different in literature than in other cultural texts, and the translation seeks to maintain and mediate this relationship. Hungarian literary studies have not dealt extensively with the issues of name translation. However, the concept and phenomenon of names has played and continues to play a significant role in thinking about literary translation (in theories of literary translation). This is illustrated, for example, by how practical experiences with translating names, like the “translation” (Magyarization) of names and costumes in plays, encouraged a rethinking of the relationship between translation and identity beginning in the 19th century (through the metaphor of a name as clothing). In addition, the highly metaphorical language of translation studies was deeply influenced by autonomasia (Hungarian Shakespeare, Hungarian Molière etc.), which played a significant role in depicting the elusive relationship between original and translation, author and translator.
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Mossop, Brian. "Reader Reaction and Workplace Habits in the English Translation of French Proper Names in Canada." Meta 52, no. 2 (August 2, 2007): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016066ar.
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Abstract This article looks at factors that might be involved in the translation of French place names and institution names into English in Canada: the anticipated reactions of readers; rules enunciated by clients, employers and style guides; the effects of workplace procedures (reduced quality control time; use of cut-and-paste translation). The possible translations of five proper names are discussed: Québec, Radio-Canada, Acadie, Commis-sion québécoise des libérations conditionnelles, Canada/canadien.
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Al-Hamly, Mashael A., and Mohammed Farghal. "The translation of proper nouns into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 61, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.61.4.04alh.
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This paper aims to explore the strategies that translators adopt when rendering English proper nouns into Arabic and, consequently, offer both qualitative and quantitative insights into this process. It is a case study of proper nouns in professional Arabic translation based on one English novel (The White Tiger by Aravind Adiga (2008); translated into Arabic by Taiba Sadeq (2011). Proper nouns are categorized and analyzed in terms of internal syntactic structure (Central, Converted and Extended proper nouns), as well as thematically (e.g. personal names, names of institutions, bodies of water, etc.), with an eye to establishing correlations between the type of proper noun and the translation strategy opted for. The results indicate that the translator’s choice between different strategies is governed by two main factors. Firstly, the translator needs to check whether the proper noun individualizes entities by means of ordinary language predicates (e.g. common nouns), proper nouns proper, or a combination of both, as each type usually requires a different strategy. Secondly, the translator needs to pay attention to the degree of comprehensibility and naturalness of his/her rendering, which may necessitate consolidating the single strategies of transliteration and translation with addition in the form of a generic word or even substitution in the case of idiomatic proper nouns. The paper concludes that proper nouns cannot be treated uniformly in translation between English and Arabic because they belong to different categories and, consequently, they may require different translation strategies including transliteration, complete translation, partial translation, transliteration plus addition, and translation plus addition.
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Perkins, Larry. "What’s in a Name—Proper Names in Greek Exodus." Journal for the Study of Judaism 41, no. 4-5 (2010): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006310x503630.
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AbstractHebrew proper names presented significant challenges to the translator of Greek Exodus. He employed various strategies including transcription and translation. In most cases he created new transcriptions or employed those found in Greek Genesis. On occasion Hellenized forms of proper names are found, but these tend to be the exception. Etiologies were handled variously. Rarely names seem to be added in the Greek text. This paper interacts with previous analyses of the translator’s practices in handling Hebrew proper names, offering alternative explanations for several phenomena observed.
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Voskresenskaya, E. G. "Translation of proper names in T. Pratchett’s novels." Science of the Person: Humanitarian Researches 14, no. 3 (2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn1998-5320.2020.14.3.5.
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Lukač, Dora. "That’s not my name: Translation of proper names in Croatian and Russian (re)translations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm: A Fairy Story." Hieronymus : Časopis za istraživanja prevođenja i terminologije 7 (2021): 104–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/hieronymus.7.5.
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The procedures for rendering proper names have been studied mostly in works belonging to the fantasy genre and children’s literature. Although George Orwell’s Animal Farm belongs to neither of the two categories, it is affiliated with the subgenre of allegory, which represents quite a challenge to any potential translator. However, the real motivation behind the choice of this book lies in its criticism of the Soviet Union, especially since it was published in 1945, meaning that the political and socio-cultural context influenced its publication and reception to a great extent. This study aims to identify the procedures applied in rendering proper names from Animal Farm in two Croatian (the first translation and retranslation) and four Russian translations (the first translation and three retranslations), and to determine the differences among the translations into the same target language, as well as the differences between Croatian and Russian target texts. Finally, a study of first translations and subsequent retranslations will enable us to detect diachronic changes in the general translation orientations.
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Suhardi, Suhardi, Pratomo Widodo, and Teguh Setiawan. "EQUIVALENCE OF PROPER NAME IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE INTO THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE." LITERA 18, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i1.23105.
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Translation of self-names becomes important if it is associated with important documents, such as agreement documents and inter-institutional or interstate cooperation. This study aims to describe the type of self-name of a foreign language that is translated into Indonesian and describes the procedure of equivalence of self-names in foreign languages into Indonesian. The source of this qualitative research data is the Indonesian online newspaper, while the research data is all words which are the names of the translation results from English. Data collection is done by reading and writing. The instrument of this study is a human instrument based on indicators of language units in the form of self names. The analysis technique used is a translational equivalent. The results of the study are as follows. First, there are four types of self-names of foreign languages that are translated into Indonesian, namely people's names, geographical names, institution names, and celebrations. The name itself is made up of three patterns, namely a combination of general vocabulary, a combination of general vocabulary and self names, and a combination of self-names. Self-name patterns will affect the translation procedure. Second, there are four equivalent procedures for self-names in foreign languages in Indonesian, namely transfer, substitution, translation, and modification. People's names use transfer, substitution and translation procedures. Geographical names use transfer, substitution, translation and modification procedures. The name of the institution uses translation and transfer procedures. The name of the celebration or festival uses translation and transfer proceduresKey Word: equivalence, proper name, transfer, substitution, modification EKUIVALENSI NAMA DIRI DALAM BAHASA ASING KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA AbstrakPenerjemahan nama diri menjadi penting jika dikaitkan dengan dokumen penting, seperti dokumen penjanjian dan kerjasama antarlembaga atau antarnegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjabarkan tipe nama diri bahasa asing yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan menjabarkan prosedur ekuivalensi nama diri dalam bahasa asing ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Sumber data penelitian kualitatif ini adalah surat kabar on line berbahasa Indonesia, sedangkan data penelitian ini adalah semua kata yang merupakan nama diri hasil penerjemahan dari bahasa Inggris. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara baca dan tulis. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah human instrumen dengan berpedoman pada indikator satuan bahasa yang berupa nama diri. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah padan translasional. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, ada empat tipe nama diri bahasa asing yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, yaitu nama orang, nama geografis, nama lembaga, dan nama perayaan. Nama diri tersebut ada yang terbetuk dari tiga pola, yaitu gabungan kosakata umum, gabungan kosakata umum dan nama diri, dan gabungan nama diri. Pola nama diri akan berpengaruh pada prosedur penerjemahannya. Kedua, prosedur ekuivalensi nama diri dalam bahasa asing ke dalam bahasa Indonesia ada empat, yaitu transfer, substitusi, penerjemahan, modifikasi. Nama diri orang menggunakan prosedur transfer, substitusi, dan penerjemahan. Nama geografis menggunakan prosedur transfer, substitusi, penerjemahan, dan modifikasi. Nama lembaga menggunakan prosedur penerjemahan dan transfer. Nama perayaan atau festival menggunakan prosedur penerjemahan dan transfer. Kata Kunci: ekuivalensi, nama diri, transfer, substitusi, modifikasi
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Ballard, Michel. "Le Nom Propre en Traduction." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 39, no. 4 (January 1, 1993): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.39.4.02bal.
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The proper name is certainly the most enduring vestige of the text's cultural identity in translation since it is frequently directly transplanted into the translated text and is among the elements that lend it its 'foreign flavour'. The reality of practice reveals that this is not always the case and that there are a number of cases when proper names have to be translated by law of usage and others when the translator is in doubt as to which course of action should be taken (or is even at a loss how to render the meaning or connotative effects created by the use of proper names). The treatment of the problem proceeds in three steps: firstly, an account of the definitions provided by linguists; secondly, an investigation into such general principles of translation as can be derived from the observation of current practice; thirdly, an exploration of the frequently overlooked relation between proper names and meaning. Without being heterogenous, the approach is double: it deals both with the problem of proper names such as it appears to professional translators and such as it can be (inadequately) perceived by beginners. The study is based on corpus and error analysis and largely draws on the literature of translation studies.
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Kochanowska, Urszula. "Les techniques de traduction des urbanonymes sur l’exemple des romans policiers polonais et leurs traductions en français." Linguodidactica 25 (2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/lingdid.2021.25.04.
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There is a common belief that proper names are not to be translated. The author traced the transfer of urbanonyms in French translations of two Polish crime novels set in contemporary Warsaw. The analysis has been based on the techniques of translating proper names by K. Hejwowski (2004, 2015). The dominant techniques used in various categories of urbanonyms have been distinguished (simple transfer, transfer with spelling modification, translation). In the case of street names, avenues and squares derived from surnames, translators use inflectional neutralization. Another frequent technique is to add the qualifiers rue (‘street’) and quartier (‘district’) to the names of streets and neighbourhoods. In Polish, they are often omitted, which, in the case of street names, is unacceptable in French. Moreover, several techniques allowing removing a proper name or to replace it with a common noun have also been detected. All in all, the techniques applied for translating urbanonyms make it easier for the French recipient to follow the threads of the novel and to read foreign names. However, they deprive him/her of contact with some features of foreign names’ strangeness that characterize a different cultural area.
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Cecini, Ulisse. "Some Remarks on the Translation of Proper Names in Mark of Toledo’s and Robert of Ketton’s Latin Qur’ā Translations." Al-Qanṭara 35, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 579–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/alqantara.2014.020.
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Umida Baxrom qizi, Nasrullayeva, Yusupova Umida Inomovna, and Zoxidova Muhayyo Nasillayevna. "Transliteration - as translation methods." International Journal on Integrated Education 2, no. 6 (December 11, 2019): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i6.211.
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This article discusses the need to demonstrate the complexity and “pitfalls” associated with the interlanguage functioning of names. It discusses the basic principles of the translation of proper names, the task is to obtain specific practical knowledge related to the features of certain names
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Pidhrushna, O. H., and V. O. Feshchenko. "ASYMETRY OF SPEAKING NAME INTERPRETATION IN TRANSLATION (BASED ON ENGLISH NOVEL SERIES BY T. PRATCHETT AND ITS UKRAINIAN, GERMAN, FRENCH AND RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS)." Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, no. 66 (2) (2019): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.15.
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The article deals with the problem of speaking proper nouns translation within the framework of a literary work. Speaking proper names, mainly anthroponyms and toponyms, are considered as means of the author’s ideas rendering and possess certain connotative and pragmatic characteristics. Speaking names perform not only a nominative but also an expressive and informative function, thus particular attention is paid to the rendering of the connotative, emotional, pragmatic, and cultural components of each proper noun, as the correct perception of the novel by the readership depends immensely on that. The main translation difficulties which translators face during the rendering of speaking proper nouns were determined. Said difficulties are related to the differences in language systems and ethno-cultural backgrounds of the audience as well as to the need to take into account both wide and narrow context of the usage of a speaking name. The most common ways to overcome such difficulties were analyzed and the main translation transformations that allow an adequate rendering of the speaking proper noun from the source to the target text were determined. Calque translation and translation transformation of differentiation are considered to be potentially able to reproduce the hid- den meaning, hints, ironic or humorous component of the original speaking proper name. However, the speaking names interpretations’ asymmetry is observed even in translations into closely-related lan- guages, which corresponds to the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. Thus, it seems an impossible task to wholly reproduce the multi-meanings and polysemy of the images hidden in the speaking name and ensure its identical perception by the average reader of the source and target texts. Principal reasons for speaking names interpretations’ asymmetry in translations of the same text are defined, which are lexical-grammatical, ethno-cultural, contextual-pragmatic, and personal-subjective.
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Kang, Xinyun, and L. V. Kushnina. "ONOMASTIC METAPHOR IN THE ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 6 (December 29, 2021): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-6-1233-1240.
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The authors of the article discuss the problem of translating an onomastic metaphor in humorous discourse, relying on the results of research in the field of proper name theory, cognitive metaphor theory, comic theory, discourse theory, and the theory of harmonious translation space, which are the research methodology. The purpose of the work is to show that the metaphorical onym, as a complex dynamic transformation of a proper name-anthroponym, has a high cultural potential, and in humorous discourse acquires a pragmatic humorous effect, reflecting the author's intention. The material of the work was the literary texts of A.P. Chekhov in Russian and their translations into Chinese, as well as literary texts in English by P.G. Woodhouse and their translations into Russian and Chinese. The choice of these authors is due to their belonging to the same historical era - the beginning of the twentieth century. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the semantics of Chinese anthroponyms differs significantly from the semantics of English and Russian-language proper names-anthroponyms, which should be known and taken into account by the translator in the process of translating metaphorical meanings into Chinese in order to ensure mutual understanding of representatives of different linguistic cultures. Translations into Chinese are ongoing. Linguistic and translation analysis consists in identifying the level of harmony of translations of an onomastic metaphor, correlated with the nature of the reconstruction of metaphorical meanings and the humorous effect of the original. Such a translation is recognized as harmonious, in which there is a remetaphorization of the onomastic metaphor, accompanied by synergy - an increment of new meanings acceptable to the host culture.
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Chung, Hye-yeon. "Wie übersetzt NMT Eigennamen und Zahlen?" Lebende Sprachen 63, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 142–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2018-0007.
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AbstractSince September 2016, when Google implemented the neural machine translation (NMT) technique in Google Translate (GNMT), the overall quality of machine translation (MT) has improved significantly, narrowing the gap between MT and human translation (HT). One detail aspect of MT quality is how the system can cope with the translation of proper names and numbers, so-called Named Entities (NEs). This paper outlines the principles underlying the GNMT translation of NEs and analyzes form changes including errors that are encountered during NMT-based translation and the causes of those form changes. First, on the basis of Wu et al. (2016), a simple model for GNMT-based NE translation is created, and within this model NE translations in 60 target texts are analyzed and compared to those of a professional translator. According to this model, GNMT-derived NE-form changes can roughly be attributed to four causes: segmentation, memory, features of training corpora, and functionality in the attention system.
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Herrero López, Isis. "The Literary Translation into Spanish of Native American Proper Names: A Perspective on the Transcultural Construction of Identity." Meta 61, no. 3 (March 23, 2017): 534–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039218ar.
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Translation plays an important role in the transcultural conceptualization of the characteristics of names (form, function, meaning, naming practices in the world…), especially when it includes names that look unusual from the Eurocentric, Western point of view. This paper analyzes such a situation in relation to the Spanish translations of Native American proper names in the literature by these cultural groups: it explores the diversity of names in the source language and culture and compares it to the target texts in order to observe the choices and decisions made by translators. The analysis also includes a revision of the scholarly ideas about the translation norms concerning Indian names and finally leads to an interpretation of the broader context of the transcultural reception of the indigenous Other in Spain.
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Grima, Kenneth. "Transposing Proper Names in Frank McCourt’s Memoir Angela’s Ashes from English into Maltese." Meta 63, no. 1 (July 11, 2018): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050516ar.
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This paper focuses on the transposition from English into Maltese of the various proper names encountered in Frank McCourt’s memoir Angela’s Ashes (Chapter 1). To achieve this aim, an extended practical translation exercise by the author himself is used. Eight different categories of proper names were identified in the source-text ranging from common people names to nicknames, titles and forms of address. Four different categories of cross-cultural transposition of proper names were considered, although only two were actually used. Various translation strategies were adopted ranging from non-translation to modification, depending on whether the particular proper name has a ‘conventional’ meaning or a culturally ‘loaded’ meaning. Although cultural losses were unavoidable, cultural gains were also experienced. Wherever possible, the original proper names were preserved to avoid any change in meaning and interference in their functionality as cultural markers. Moreover, a semantic creative translation was preferred, especially with proper names that were culturally and semantically loaded to reduce the amount of processing effort required by the target-reader and to minimize the cultural losses of relevant contextual and cultural implications in the target-text.
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Chernobrov, Alexey Alexandrovich. "PRAGMATIC DIFFICULTIES IN TRANSLATION OF COMMON AND PROPER NAMES." Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin 5, no. 2 (April 7, 2015): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2226-3365.1502.14.
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Pogacar, Ruth, Agnes Pisanski Peterlin, Nike K. Pokorn, and Timothy Pogačar. "Sound symbolism in translation." Translation and Interpreting Studies 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.12.1.07pog.
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Abstract Readers may infer that literary characters are sympathetic or unsympathetic based on the perceived phonetics of character names. Drawing on brand name literature in marketing, we investigate whether Slovene and English speakers can identify sympathetic and unsympathetic characters in Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist based solely on their names, despite being unfamiliar with the novel. Both Slovene and English speakers can make this distinction, suggesting that sound symbolism may help communicate Dickens’s intended characterizations. Dickens’s documented focus on creating meaningful names suggests the sound symbolism in his characters’ names is likely intentional. These findings are relevant to the translating convention of preserving proper names, which leaves spelling intact (given similar alphabets). Preserving the original names in translation may be justified for readers fluent enough to perceive the original name sounds. However, not altering character names in translation may sometimes lead to different phonetic perceptions, which alter the sound symbolic meaning.
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Bahmani, Bahar. "On the Untranslatability of Cultural Aspects of Myth: An Investigation of Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.10.27.
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This study aims to explore the strategies which Persian translators of English myth works have adopted in dealing with cultural aspects. In addition, this study scrutinizes the culture-related problems which have led to untranslatability in myth translation. The analyzed parts were extracted from the first book of The Lord of the Rings (2012) by Tolkien and its two Persian translations by Alizadeh (2003) and Amini (2004). This comparative analysis was done based on the characteristics of adequate translation proposed by Newmark (1998) and Baker (1992), and also adequate discoursal translation components proposed by Lotfipour (2015). The most attention is on the translating of proper names, the genre of the work, and the author’s style about the cultural dimension of the work. The results revealed that the cultural knowledge of the translator about myth, origins, and features, affects the adequacy of translation. In addition, the main finding of this study proved that certain factors influence the translator’s performance to produce an adequate myth translation.
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Penrod, Lynn. "Pottering Around: Harry Potter in Translation." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 1, no. 3 (February 15, 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9mp61.
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By May of 2008 worldwide sales of Harry Potter books hovered around the 400 million mark, making these texts the most widely-read works of children’s literature in history. To date the books have been translated into 67 languages. Given the particular translation issues involved in the translation of these highly imaginary English texts (culture, rhymes, anagrams, acronyms, invented words, proper nouns and names, among many others) combined with the series’s incredibly lucrative sales success, it is not surprising that the international translation process has become highly competitive as well as highly problematic. Unauthorized or pirate translations, fake translations, Americanization as translation—all of these lead us to a basic questioning of the role of the translator and just how much of an impersonator s/he is required to be by the task of translation.
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Bauko, János. "Fordítás és kétnyelvű névszemiotikai tájkép." Névtani Értesítő 43 (December 30, 2021): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29178/nevtert.2021.5.
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The name semiotic landscape is an integral part of the linguistic landscape and examines proper names that appear on name signs, inscriptions in public spaces, various surfaces, and extralingual signs referring to names. Bilingual proper name pairs that appear in the name semiotic landscape can also be analyzed in terms of translation. The study of the bilingual name semiotic (and linguistic) landscape also provides important information for translatology. The author illustrates the connections between the translation and the bilingual semiotic landscape of personal, place, and institution names with examples taken from an image database collected in Hungarian settlements in Slovakia. The analyzed proper names were translated through several translation operations: 1. transfer – no translation, using the original form of the name; 2. transcription – adapting the spelling of the source language name to the target language; 3. name matching – replacing the name to be translated with the conventional target language equivalent; 4. partial or loan translation of meaning – translating the source language name or part of the name with target language elements that correspond to their meaning; 5. full or partial modification – a major transformation of the name to be translated, its replacement by another name in the target language; changing the proper name into a common noun or with periphrasis; partial modification of the information content of the source language name in the target language by adding (explicitation) or omitting (implicitation) parts of the name.
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Suriadi, M. Agus, and Ni’ mah Nurul Ihsani. "Translation Strategy of Proper Name." Insaniyat: Journal of Islam and Humanities 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/insaniyat.v3i2.8668.
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Massive discussion has been done related to the translation strategy, including the proper name. This study discussed the types of a proper name and the translation strategy of a proper name in an English-Indonesian Novel Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret. The data will be presented qualitatively by using Peter Newmark and Lincoln Fernandes theories. Six data are frequently typed into addressing name, four are typed as a geographical place, and one as an object name. Moreover, the most strategies used to engage the equivalence effect are copy strategy with seven data, rendition strategy with three data, and re-creation strategy with one datum. Therefore, the copy strategy can be a solution to deliver proper names into TL because it preserves the proper name and introduces the foreign name of foreign culture to the target language and target culture. Moreover, if a proper name has its equivalence meaning in TL, it might be translated by rendition strategy.
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Tang, Gang. "Translation of the Proper Nouns in Legal English." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1106.15.
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Proper nouns have posed a challenge to translators of legal English for a long time. Legal English has the characteristics of formality, accuracy, ambiguity, professional, etc. These characteristics have made it more difficult for translation of the proper nouns in legal English. However, due to not paying enough attention to translation of the proper nouns in legal English, translators engaged in legal translation often make a lot of mistakes during the process of translation. Generally speaking, names of people or places are transliterated, while names of institutions or books are semantic translated. Transliteration should follow the principle of conformity to the original and the principle of convention, the former is mainly applied to proper nouns of non-English origin, while the latter concerning established wording or phrasing. In order to translate the proper nouns in legal English better, firstly, we should be aware of the difficulties of translation of the proper nouns in legal English; secondly, we should try our best to accumulate extensive legal knowledge and improve our translation skills; thirdly, we should make full use of reference books and master the skills of Internet application; last but not the least, we should ask for advice from others.
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Kibbee, Douglas A. "When Children’s Literature Transcends its Genre." Meta 48, no. 1-2 (September 24, 2003): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006977ar.
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Abstract A book such as Alice in Wonderland, written for a girl, but nowadays understandable only by adults, the translation of proper nouns can reveal the audience for which translators have addressed their works. This article looks at the translation of proper nouns. These cultural traits are first names, historical references, place names and names of languages: should these be changed to facilitate comprehension by children? This study is then used to evaluate some aspects of theories proposed by Shavit and Oittinen concerning adaptation and translation.
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Nyangeri, Nahashon A., and Rachel Wangari. "Proper Names in Translation: Should They be Translated or Not?" Eastern African Literary and Cultural Studies 5, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2019): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23277408.2019.1680914.
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PODVOISKA, Oksana, and Oleksandra SHYLOVA. "Features of translation of proper names in foreign feature films." Humanities science current issues 2, no. 37 (2021): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/37-2-24.
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Veisbergs, Andrejs. "PARATEXTS IN TRANSLATIONS OF CANONICAL TEXTS (THE CASE OF THE BIBLE IN LATVIAN)." Vertimo studijos 6, no. 6 (April 6, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2013.6.10546.
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The paper discusses paratexts, their use and prevalence in translations of the Bible in Latvian, with a particular focus on the last translation that was published in 2012. Paratexts are used to improve the perception of the main text and may include introductions, prefaces, postfaces, footnotes, side notes (marginalia), endnotes, glossaries, indexes and appendixes. Though the translation of the Bible, being a canonical text, is subject to various limitations, there is an increasing tendency to use more footnotes to explain various phenomena: information about the original texts, different variants of the Bible manuscripts, the existence or nonexistence of some verses; cultural words and facts – explanations about units of measurement, old objects, concepts, geographical and historical information; linguistic information: explanations of polysemy, decoding of words, etymologies of place names, semantics, wordplay; and alternative translations offered by the translator. The author suggests a glossary that could inform the reader of the Biblical characters, place names and the new transcription of many proper names. Footnotes could then dwell on linguistic issues.
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Нечай Н. В. "ПРАГМАТИКО-СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ ДРАМАТИЧНОГО ТЕКСТУ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ТВОРУ Т. ВІЛЬЯМСА «A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE» ТА ЙОГО УКРАЇНСЬКОМОВНОГО ТА РОСІЙСЬКОМОВНОГО ВАРІАНТІВ)." Science Review, no. 4(21) (May 31, 2019): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_sr/31052019/6497.
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This study attempts to provide some insight into the relevance of cultural factors in the translation of dramatic texts. The present research aims at determining the ways of adequate reproduction of national and cultural identity of the play of Tennessee Williams “A Streetcar Named Desire”. The article deals with the most effective ways of translation of phraseological units and proper names in drama. The main problem during the translation of phraseological units and proper names is determined; it lies in the fact that they have a certain stylistic feature, expressiveness that are depended on the context. The combination of several approaches within a single study makes it possible to describe the peculiarities of the individual style of the writer, and this provides a complete understanding of the selection principles of linguistic means by the author.
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Ndiaye, Iwona Anna. "O translokacji nomina propria w dziele literackim (na przykładzie polskiсh tłumaczeń powieści Doktor Żywago Borisa Pasternaka)." Acta Neophilologica 2, no. XXI (December 1, 2019): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.4755.
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This paper analyzes problems involved in the Polish translation of proper names contained in Boris Pasternak’s novel Doctor Zhivago. Empirical material was collected from two Polish translations published in book form: by Jerzy Stempowski (Paris: Instytut Literacki 1959) and by Ewa Rojewska-Olejarczuk (Warsaw: PIW 1990). The study aimed to analyze translatorial equivalents taking into account the following criteria: consistency with the named object, informativeness of the name, and retaining the cultural ambience. The following research methods were applied: descriptive, com-parative analysis as well as functional and stylistic analysis. The comparative analysis focused on the adequacy of the applied translation methods.
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Horoshko, Veronika, and Тetiana Korolova. "PECULIARITIES OF RENDERING OF ENGLISH TELL-TALE AND PUN NAMES IN TRANSLATIONS OF T. PRATCHETT’S BOOKS." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2020, no. 31 (December 2020): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2020-31-6.
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The relevance of our research is based on the growing popularity of the fantasy comedy genre. Since modern readers are more and more interested in foreign literature, translators are faced with the task of creating an adequate translation that will accurately reproduce the personal style and all the elements of a separate universe created by an author, as well as convey the meaning that the author puts in his works to his readers. Since the main feature of Terry Pratchett’s personal style is the use of pun and tell-tale names in his works, thus arises the question of proper translation of this particular vocabulary. This work is devoted to the study of the culture of English proper names, mostly pun and tell-tale names; and analysis of translation choices for such vocabulary in the works of Russian translators. The dominance of the semantic translation method is determined by extensive use of occasionalism in Pratchett’s works. As for transcription/transliteration or their mixing — the translator uses them if he doesn’t see any meaning behind a particular character name. In some cases, it is possible to talk about the creative component of the translated text, about bringing a translator’s personality to the novel. This individuality does not distort Pratchett’s personal style and his original solutions, which appear in translation. The purpose of this work is to analyze the linguistic and stylistic specificsof proper names translation techniques in a series of fantasy comedy «Discoworld» from English into Russian. The paper presents an analysis of the specifics of the interpretation of pun names taking into account difficulties and cases where the translation does not match the original. The results of the study will help to avoid possible difficulties in the future and find new ways to solve them. This will help to optimize the quality oftranslation, which in turn will lead to an improvement of the quality of the final product.
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Zarębski, Rafał. "Possessive Adjectives Formed from Personal Names in Polish Translations of the New Testament." Studia Ceranea 3 (December 30, 2013): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.03.14.
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The study focused on possessive adjectives derived by means of the suffixes -ow(y), -in, -sk- formed from proper personal names in old and contemporary translations of the New Testament. Adjectival derivatives have been excerpted from 15 full and 6 incomplete translations of the New Testament, which date back to the 16th, 17th and 20th century. These translations differ in methods of translation (loose and word-for-word; philological, interlinear, ecumenical, dynamic and artistic) and its basis (Greek original or Latin Vulgate). The comparative analysis of old and contemporary translations shows that possessive adjectives, though used frequently in former times, are now going out of use and the substantival genitival attribute is taking their place. This phenomenon is reflected in processes linked with the development of the Polish language. Moreover, tracking the use of the type of adjectives analysed can be used to distinguish various methods of translation. The use of possessive adjectives in contemporary texts suggests respect for the tradition of translation, whereas the failure to use them – the modernization of Polish.
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Leonavičienė, Aurelija. "Interpretation and Translation of Intertextual Meanings of Lithuanian Literature into French." Respectus Philologicus 23, no. 28 (April 25, 2013): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2013.23.28.8.
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This article analyses the intertextual meanings of Lithuanian literature, how they are interpreted, and some tendencies of their translation into French. The material for the analysis comprises 27 Lithuanian literature novels and ten poems, together with their translations into French (published from 2000–2010). The analysis shows the tendencies of translation of intertextual meanings during the last decade. The results of the quantitative research indicate that intertextual meanings are mainly translated by proper names, meaningful word groups, and phrases. A dominant tendency when translating intertextual meanings into French is translation without changes, when the intertextual meaning is understood equivalently in both the source and target cultures, without the need for additional explanation. Other translation strategies (explicit rendering of intertextual meaning; wordfor-word translation or “internal emphasis”) were applied more rarely. Even though the examples of word-for-word translation comprise only one-fifth of all analysed intertextual meanings, the results of their analysis suggest that translators sometimes fail to choose appropriate translation strategies and translate the word forms of the intertextual units; in such cases, the translations lose important intertextual connections, intellectual and emotional connotations are neutralized, and the readers of the translation face “culture bumps.”
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Dudek, Anna. "Dialectically-marked proper nouns in audiovisual translation: An analysis of the English subtitles to "The Peasants"." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 16/4 (December 11, 2019): 195–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2019.4.08.
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The aim of this article is to analyze translation techniques used in the film translation of dialectically-marked proper names. Undoubtedly, the issue of rendering dialectical varieties constitutes one of the greatest challenges in interlingual translation. The applicable translation techniques, however, are frequently in conflict with the rules of reducing audiovisual target text to an indispensable minimum. The research material consists of the English subtitles to The Peasants (Chłopi, dir. Jan Rybkowski, Telewizja Polska S.A. 1973; English translation by Agata Deka, PolArt Video 2006). This article outlines the main theoretical approaches and translation techniques which can be used in the cases of dialects, proper names, and audiovisual translation. The research part aims at verifying the hypothesis’s claim that these translation methods which require implementation of more complex procedures than, for instance, omission (e.g. replacing the source language dialect with a target text variation) are not applicable in the case of audiovisual translation. The conclusion consists of the outline of the main translation tendencies as well as the verification of the aforementioned hypothesis.
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Simonnæs, Ingrid. "Das multilinguale fachsprachliche Korpus TK-NHH – Eine korpusbasierte Fallstudie über die explicitation hypothesis anhand von ins Deutsche und Englische übersetzten Rechtstexten." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 24, no. 46 (October 24, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v24i46.97373.
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The present study is a case study about the explicitation hypothesis in legal translations into German and English by means of a corpus-based approach and will present preliminary findings. After the introduction, I first describe the National Translator Accreditation Exam (statsautorisert translatøreksamen) in Norway from which the texts for the TK-NHH translation corpus are chosen. Next I describe the aim of the case study which is to investigate the explicitation hypothesis by means of the TK-NHH translation corpus. In the method section, I discuss briefly the influence and applicability of corpus linguistics on translation studies. Finally, in the case study, I investigate both German and English legal translations in the TK-NHH translation corpus with regard to one specific feature that is claimed to be universal: explicitation. In this case study, I have chosen the explicitation of proper names of culture-specific legal institutions (e.g. courts). The results in both languages show a variety of explicitation together with no explicitation and thus seem to substantiate earlier findings, but now with regard to translation solutions from Norwegian.
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O.V., Chornous. "THE PHENOMENON OF PROPER NAMES." South archive (philological sciences), no. 85 (April 12, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-85-4.
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Purpose. The task of the study is to define the boundary between common and proper names, and to systematize the main differential characteristics of the onyms.Methods. The research is based on different scientific methods. A scientific literature review was used to demonstrate how statements about boundary between appellatives and propriatives are changing and developing over time. Observation, analysis as well as the descriptive and comparative methods were used for identifying distinctions between proper and common names. Comparative method was used for identifying common and distinct peculiarities of proper and common names. Generalization and abstraction techniques were used to establish broad patterns of distinction between common and proper names, as well as systematization of specific features of proper names. Significant differences and some similarities between pronouns and proper names were described.Results. The article focuses on the debate in the scientific community about whether there is a clear distinction between common and proper names. Various positions of scientists on this issue have been identified and analysed. As a result, a number of arguments have been identified that are clearly or fairly contentious. The scientific works of Ukrainian and foreign researchers on the specific of proper names have been studied and a list of them has been organized (27 characteristics). Differences in proper and common names are sought in functions, nature and linguistic characteristics, context, etymology and translation. It also highlights features that are recognized by some scholars because of their support or the negation of the theory of the non-existence of semantics in proper names.Conclusions. The debate on the boundary between common and separate names, which dates back to ancient times, has not yet been definitively resolved. From the analysis of the different approaches, it appears more convincing that the proper and common names differ considerably in their characteristics, in their purpose, but they interact closely and complement each other. This is what onymization and apelativization processes demonstrate. It has been suggested that the list of specific characteristics of proper names can be augmented as a result of new research on the proper names.Key words: common names, proper names, boundaries between two classes of lexicon, specific characteristics of proper names, pronouns. Мета. Метою дослідження є окреслення межі між апелятивною та пропріальною лексикою, а також систематизація основних диференційних ознак онімів.Методи. У роботі використані метод аналізу наукової літератури для виявлення різних поглядів учених на межу між апеля-тивами та пропріативами; спостереження, аналіз, а також описовий, порівняльно-історичний методи для виявлення специфіки розмежування власних та загальних назв; порівняльний метод для виявлення спільного та відмінного щодо деяких специфічних ознак власних та загальних назв; методи узагальнення та абстрагування для встановлення загальних закономірностей розмежування апелятивів та пропріативів, а також систематизацію специфічних ознак власних назв.Результати. У науковій розвідці зосереджено увагу на дискусії, яка розгорнулася в науковій спільноті щодо наявності або відсутності чіткої межі між загальними та власними назвами. Окреслено різні позиції вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців з цього питання, проведено їх аналіз. У результаті виявлено низку аргументів, які видаються однозначними або доволі спір-ними. Простежено наукові пошуки вітчизняних та зарубіжних дослідників щодо специфічних ознак онімів, упорядковано їх перелік із 27 позицій. Відмінності пропріативів та апелятивів дослідники шукають у функціях, властивостях, закономірностях розвитку, сутності та мовних особливостях, контексті, етимології та перекладі. Виокремлено також такі ознаки, які визнають-ся лише деякими науковцями з огляду на їх підтримку або заперечення теорії асемантичності власних назв. Виявлено суттєві відмінності та деякі подібні риси між займенниками та власними назвами.Висновки. Відома ще з давніх часів дискусія про межу між загальними та власними назвами й на сьогодні не має оста -точного розв’язання. У результаті аналізу різних підходів більш переконливим видається, що власні та загальні назви значно різняться за своїми характеристиками, призначенням, але при цьому тісно взаємодіють, взаємодоповнюють одне одного, що демонструють процеси онімізації та апелятивізації. Зроблено припущення, що виявлений спектр специфічних ознак онімів може бути доповнений з огляду на нові дослідження онімної лексики.Ключові слова: загальні назви, власні назви, межа між двома класами лексики, специфічні ознаки онімів, займенник
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Volovyk, Anna. "Culture-specific Items from Ukrainian and Russian Fairy Tales: A Daunting Challenge for Translators." Studies about Languages, no. 39 (November 27, 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.39.27577.
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Translation studies of children’s literature deserve meticulous attention today not only in the wake of active global publishing activity of books for children but due to the culture-specific information the latter may contain. Fairy tales are usually the first narratives children are introduced to and often these stories with a long-reproduction history reveal some features of national culture that form a child’s worldview. From this perspective, the research is set out to identify culture-specific items in fairy tales that originated from oral tradition and to determine what translation procedures should be used and what factors may influence the choice of the translation method. The corpus of the research includes the titles of East Slavic fairy tales limited by culture-specific items and their translations into English and German. Despite the period when translations were made and gender of translators, findings of our research show that in both languages source language-oriented translation procedures prevail in rendering proper names with denotative meaning, and target language-oriented translation methods are dominant for culture-specific common expressions and descriptive elements of proper names. The current research has allowed us to distinguish the factors that may influence the choice of a translation procedure. To this end, a scale of source language- and target language-oriented translation strategies of culture-specific items from fairy tales with the account of target reader’s age and genre has been provided for the translators to reveal the efficiency of certain translation procedures. Given the above, the study of culture-specific items in fairy tales requires a greater focus and thus further lines of inquiry are suggested in this paper.
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Gudilina, Anastasiya Sergeevna. "Translation of proper names in the novel «Hunger games» by S. Collins." Interactive science, no. 3 (May 25, 2016): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-79649.
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Tanana, Svitlana. "СУТНІСТЬ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПАРАЛЕЛЬНИХ КОРПУСІВ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ В НАВЧАННІ ІНОЗЕМНИМ МОВАМ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ." Psycholinguistics in a Modern World 15 (December 25, 2020): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/10.31470/2706-7904-2020-15-234-237.
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The article deal with the using of parallel frames of translations in the educational process is one of the effective means of increasing the level of foreign language communicative competence of specialists in foreign languages and translation. The particular means l is especially important for independent work and distance learning. The author accents with the help of parallel corpora of translations, the student, finding the appropriate equivalent of the lexical unit, can draw conclusions about the principle of translation of proper and geographical names (transcription, transliteration), idioms, terms, find matches for certain grammatical and stylistic phenomena.
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Chigasheva, M. A. "THE PROBLEM OF EQUALENT TRANSLATION OF ONIMS FROM GERMAN INTO RUSSIAN." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(33) (December 28, 2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-6-33-95-100.
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The given paper deals with certain lexical peculiarities of contemporary German sociopolitical discourse which may cause certain difficulties when translating into Russian. The interest in the lexical system is deliberate as this system is the most dynamic level of a language and as it reflects all the changes of the outside world. The main emphasis in it is placed on common nouns and proper names as well as on the lexical units formed as a result of the deonimization process. The distinctive feature of the modern German language is popularity of such lexical tokens as the linguistic expressive means, their clearly expressed negative connotation and the loss of relatedness with concrete people. The study of proper names and common names, created by the former including the comparative aspect may be of practical interest particularly at the lessons of the socio-political translation, as well as from the point of cultural linguistics since such lexical units express the specificity of the cultural background of the German native speaker. The deonimization process has universal character and is common for many European languages. Its study, in the comparative aspect, becomes extraordinary relevant especially today due to the process of globalisation when intercultural contacts gain special importance. Besides, proper names cross the language borders easily, however, if they contain changed meanings, they can cause a misunderstanding and as a result even a distortion. The main purpose of socio-political translation classes in a university is the development of the professional competence as well as the linguistic one. These lexical peculiarities have special importance as in the final analysis they will let graduates accomplish communicative tasks in their professional sphere.
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Zhao, Hongxin, and Gaofeng Yu. "Translation Standards and Strategies for Trademark Names of Cosmetics." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0808.15.
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With the development of the society and the improvement of the people's living standard, people have gradually realized the importance of the external image while paying attention to the "inner beauty", so the cosmetics are becoming more and more popular. Proper brand name translation can not only bring consumers the feeling of beauty, but also enhance the brand level and promote products in the invisible way. This paper discusses the translation criteria and Strategies of cosmetic brand names, hoping to contribute to the development of this field.