Academic literature on the topic 'Prophet Muhammad sirah'

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has inspired various scholars to write about his life, character, teachings and contributions to humanity. He is the only man in the whole world whose life, character, teachings and utterances have been completely recorded. Western writers also studied the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Their study of the prophet has generally been motivated by hostile criticism and religious and historical prejudice of the west. Robert Spencer is also included in the list of such critics of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He is an American author who is very famous for his criticism of Islam, Qur’ān and Prophet of Islam. He has published fifteen books so far. Along with other aspects he criticizes sources of the Sirah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This research evaluates the objections raised by Robert Spencer on the Qur’ān and Hadith as sources of Sirah. It, rejecting Spencer’s objections, proves that Qur’ān and Hadith are the most authentic and reliable sources of Sirah and provide a lot of authentic information about the personality, deeds and teachings of the Holy Prophet (PBUH).

There are two aspects in the personality of the Prophet Muhammad: revelation and culture. Both of them developped the character and the behavior of the Prophet Muhammad as a mere human being as well as a prophet. It is difficult sometimes to differentiate between these two entities. However, the failure to distinguish the two, this article argues, will mythologize the life of the Prophet and then finally sacralize him. Therefore, this article proposes that the understanding of the sirah nabawiyah is the key in demythologization of the life of the Prophet

Sirah Nabawiyyah has an important position in the viewpoint of Indonesian Muslim scholars, unfortunately specific works of the Prophet biography are rarely found in Indonesia. As a well-known interpreter of the Qur'an, M. Quraish Shihab has a historiographical work entitled Membaca Sirah Nabi Muhammad Saw dalam Sorotan al-Qur’an dan Hadis-Hadis Shahih that discusses critically about the figure of the Prophet. This library research with historical method analyzes the background of writing, sources of writing, and historical explanations contained in his work. Finally it was concluded that the book was written in accordance with the need of Indonesian Muslims to discuss the history of the Prophet Muhammad critically. The references consist of the Qur'an, the Prophet traditions, the books of Sirah Nabawiyyah, and other relevant books. Because it was written by a commentator of the Qur'an, the verses of the Qur'an are not only quoted with textual translations, but are accompanied by in-depth explanations so that its historical explanations are almost similar to interpretations of the Qur'an. It is able to explain in detail the life of the Prophet with critical analysis and illustrative pictures. In addition, its explanations greatly emphasize the humanity of the Holy Prophet. Therefore this work is not excessive in displaying the Prophet miracles or extraordinary things.

The purpose of this article is to contextualize the various inspirational stories of the Prophet Muhammad summarized in the Sirah Nabawiyah. The exploration of inspired stories will place more emphasis on the period before prophetic revelation, so as to minimize the reasons for mankind's inability to make Muhammad a role model and an inspirational figure. The contextualization of thought in sirah nabawiyah was carried out using the hermeneutic approach as a method in the tradition of Paul Ricoeur's thought. Hermeneutics in the Paul Ricoeur tradition tries to go beyond modern interpretation which seeks to find an understanding of the meaning between the interpreter and the writer. Therefore, it is possible to produce new meanings of sirah nabawiyah accompanied by a subjective reflection process that is linked to the contextual background. This article generates contextualization and new meanings of the inspirational story of the prophet Muhammad in Sirah Nabawiyah to become eighteen values ​​of character education based on national culture. These character values ​​will be embedded in every level of Indonesian national education.

Abstrak Pemimpin dalam memimpin organisasi membutuhkan manajemen yang baik, agar pengambilan keputusan dalam mencapai tujuan yang dirumuskan bersama. Masalah utama penelitian ini adalah bagaiamana nilai-nilai kepemimpinan rasulullah pada peristiwa dalam buku Sirah Nabawiyah al-Mubarakfuri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan nilai-nilai kepemimpinan rasulullah pada peristiwa dalam buku Sirah Nabawiyah al-Mubarakfuri. Hasil penelitian ini adalah nilai-nilai manajemen kepemimpinan rasulullah pada peristiwa Hijrah adalah manajemen waktu, tempat, dan manajemen sumber daya manusia.Kesimpulan penelitian adalah terdapat nilai-nilai manajemen kepemimpinan rasulullah pada peristiwa Hijrahdalam buku Sirah Nabawiyah al-Mubarakfuri Kata Kunci: nilai-nilai manajemen; Peristiwa hijrah Leaders in leading organizations need good management, so that decisions are made in achieving the goals that are formulated together.The main problem of this research is how the values of the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad in the events in the book Sirah Nabawiyah al-Mubarakfuri. The purpose of this study is to explain the leadership values of the Prophet Muhammad in the events in the book Sirah Nabawiyah al-Mubarakfuri.The results of this study are the management values of the Prophet's leadership in the Hijrah event are the management of time, place, and human resource management. The conclusion of the study is that there are values of the leadership of the Prophet's leadership in the Hijrah event in the book Sirah Nabawiyah al-Mubarakfuri Keywords: management values; Migration event

Studying the sirah (biography of Prophet Muhammad) in today’s world is more than a mere exploration into past events, but a three dimensional and timeless study that is as relevant today as it was previously and will continue to be. Integrating the fields of social psychology and cognitive historiography, this article questions whether Prophet Muhammad ‘civilised’ a ‘savage’ society by critiquing the loaded language implicit in the question. This article instead offers that Prophet Muhammad’s leadership style was consistent with psychological theories of transformational leadership and not one that was imperialistic nor used the language present in colonialism that divided people into ‘civilised’ and ‘savage.’

Al-Shafaa Bint Awf is a very noble follower of the prophet Muhammad ( PBUH) , but the sources give scant materials about her in comparison with the male followers or some females like Khadija and Aisha and other Prophet's glorious wives. Al-Shaffa was the mother of one of the earliest follower of the prophet , although her link with the prophet and the Sirah is back to much earlier date; Her family was connected with both families of Abd-Allah and Amina ( the parents of Muhammad). There are reports talking about her attendance of Muhammad's (PBUH) birth. She enjoyed very close ties with Muhammad and his family, and became one of the first believers in Islam. She also emigrated to the Medina and lived there with the company of her son Abd Al-Rahman. Lastly, there is a third aspect in the biography of Al-shaffa that was her death which is connected with an important Sunnah, that was Al-Itaka or ransoming of the dyed peoples by freeing slaves and giving money in charity of them.

The early Muslim historians and hadith experts recoded the Sirah (life and biography of the Prophet Muhammad -peace be upon him-) literature in their historical annals, and hadith collections. The Sirah-writings was gradually developed as an independent field of inquiry in which the writers employed other sources such as the Quran, exegeses, hermeneutics, Arabic poetry, geography and even theology for Sirah understanding. However, it has been observed that the central position of history and hadith compendiums in Sirah-writings remained intact till the advent of Modern period in which a great change has been witnessed both in methods and styles of Sirah-writings to respond the western critique of Sirah-writings and to present the holy life of the Prophet as a model for humankind. Therefore, they attempted to revisit the sources with reversionistic approaches and a variety of methods and styles were devised for systematic Sirah-writing. The present study aims to explore the objective of the newly emerged trend of the Quranic based Sirah-writings. A meticulous effort has been made to identify the objectives of this genre. A plethora of literature has been composed to construct an authentic biography of the Prophet grounding on the Quran as its prime source. However, those who follow this trend are clearly categorized into two distinctive groups, those who reject the historical and Prophetic traditions altogether and those who employ the traditions for better understanding of the Quranic text regarding the life of the Prophet. An illustrative case study of the Quranic Sirah-wrings has been conducted to identify the nature, objectives of the subject and how various approaches have been espoused by the leading experts of the field.

Abstract: The study of Sirah Nabawiyyah is very important to take detailed knowledge of Muhammad’s life with all its aspects. Kelengkapan Tarikh Nabi Muhammad written by KH Moenawar Chalil is one of Indonesian Muslims’ works focused on Sirah Nabawiyyah. This library research emphasizes on Kelengkapan Tarikh Nabi Muhammad (that was first published in 1936) as its primary source. This paper purposively aims to analyse the biographical characteristic of Kelengkapan Tarikh Nabi Muhammad relating to its historical sources and explanation of historical events related to the life of the prophet Muhammad. Finally, it concludes that Moenawar Chalil successfully applied the historical method in writing the complete history of the life of the Prophet Muhammad. He used reliable historical sources, such as the Qur’an, prophetic traditions, exegetical works, and Islamic historical books. He made historical explanations based on standard historiographic rules. He paid attention to the historical questions of historiography (namely: who, what, why, where, when, and how) to explain Sirah Nabawiyyah thoroughly and then accentuated the essence of events with spirit of Islam. Furthermore, he added several chapters thematically so that the readers can understand his work deeply.الملخّص: إن دراسة السيرة النبوية مهمة جدّا لمعرفة حياة رسول الله محـمد صلى الله عليه وسلم من جميع جوانبه بالتفصيل. إن من أحد كتب السيرة النبوية هوKelengkapan Tarikh Nabi Muhammad الذي كتبه الحاج منوّر خليل وطبع لأول مرة سنة ألف وتسع مائة وستة وثلاثين. فهذا البحث المكتبي يركّز تحليله العلمي على ذلك الكتاب للكشف عن خصائص كتابة السيرة النبوية فيما يتعلق بمصادرها التاريخية وبيان الأحداث التاريخية المتعلقة بحياة محـمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. وأخيراً استنتج الباحث أن منوّر خليل قد نجح في تطبيق المنهج التاريخي في كتابة Kelengkapan Tarikh Nabi Muhammad باستخدام المصادر التاريخية الموثوقة، وهي القرآن الكريم، وأحاديث النبي الشريفة، وكتب التفسير للقرآن الكريم، وكتب السيرة النبوية. وقدم منوّر خليل تحليله التاريخي لتوضيح الأحداث التاريخية بالاعتماد على المنهج المعتبر لكتابة التاريخ، فاهتـمّ منوّر خليل بإجابة الأسئلة التاريخية المألوفة (مثل من، وماذا، ولماذا، وأين، ومتى، وكيف) لشرح السيرة النبوية بدقة، وأبرز جوهر الوقائع التاريخية المقـترنة بحياة محـمد صلى الله عليه وسلم بروح الجهاد الإسلامي. علاوة على ذلك، أضاف منوّر خليل عدة الأبواب الموضوعية حتى يتمكن قرّاء كتابه من فهم السيرة النبوية بعمق.Abstrak: Kajian Sirah Nabawiyyah sangat penting untuk memperoleh pengetahuan rinci mengenai segala aspek kehidupan Nabi Muhammad saw. Kelengkapan Tarikh Nabi Muhammad (terbit pertama tahun 1936) merupakan karya cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia, KH Moenawar Chalil, yang secara khusus membahas Sirah Nabawiyyah. Penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan karya itu sebagai data primer berikut ini menganalisis karakteristik historiografis Sirah Nabawiyyah berkaitan dengan sumber-sumber sejarahnya dan eksplanasinya terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa historis kehidupan Nabi Muhammad saw. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa KH Moenawar Chalil berhasil menerapkan metode historis dalam karyanya dan merujuk kepada sumber-sumber historis kredibel, yakni al-Qur’an, hadis Nabi saw, serta buku-buku tafsir dan sejarah Islam. Eksplanasi historisnya berpedoman pada prosedur historiografi sesuai metode sejarah dengan menjawab berbagai pertanyaan historiografis (yaitu siapa, apa, mengapa, dimana, kapan, dan bagaimana) untuk menjelaskan Sirah Nabawiyyah secara cermat. Ia selanjutnya memberikan intisari peristiwa-peristiwa itu dengan menggelorakan semangat perjuangan Islam dan bahkan menyajikan tema-tema tambahan yang relevan sehingga para pembaca karyanya dapat memahaminya secara mendalam.

Efforts in preserving the hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) obligate the hadith scholars to filter narrations attributed to the Prophet (PBUH), including those on his biography. These efforts have given birth to a methodology used to criticise the narrations since the days of the companions. However, applying the methodology to narrations pertaining to the biography of the Prophet (PBUH) or the sīrah has been a challenging task given the multitude of narrations that do not meet the criteria of acceptance by the muḥaddithun that infiltrate the knowledge of sīrah. Thus, this paper aims to scrutinise the methods of criticising hadiths employed by hadith scholars and the application of these methods on the works on sīrah. A qualitative study was conducted by collecting data from the major works on hadiths and sīrah. The finding demonstrates that the muḥaddithun’s critiques of the sīrah narrations are based on the critiques on sanad and matan. In applying the method, it is imperative to be murunah. This is done by placing each narration at its correct position by prioritising authentic and ḥasan hadiths, in addition to being tasahul on the permissible aspects based on the prescribed discipline.

Reports relating supernatural events - or miracles - in the life of the Prophet Muhammad (d. 11/632) have been traditionally either ignored by those modern scholars attempting to determine the historicity of the source material or have been studied piecemeal in an attempt to determine their origins by those scholars who see them as secondary additions. The current study will examine both the sira/ta'rikh, the story of Muhammad's life as told within larger works of universal history, and tafsir, exegetical, works of two medieval Muslim scholars, al-Tabari (d.310/923) and Ibn Kathir (d.773/1373), to attempt to determine how the reports of the supernatural fit into the story of Muhammad's life as a whole. [...]
Des rapports reliant des événements surnaturel - ou des miracles - dans la vie du Prophète Mahômet (m.11/632) ont été traditionellement ignorés par ces érudits modernes essayant de déterminer l'historicité du matériel de source ou étés fragmentaires étudié afin d'essayer de déterminer leurs origines par ces érudits qui les voient en tant qu'additions secondaires. L'étude courante examinera tous les deux le sira/ta'rikh, l'histoire de la vie de Mahômet comme dit dans de plus grands travaux de l'histoire universelle, et tafsirs, exégétique, travaux de deux érudits musulmans médiévaux, al-Tabari (m.310/923) et Ibn Kathir (m.773/1373), d'essayer de déterminer comment les rapports de l'ajustement surnaturel dans l'histoire de la vie de Mahômet dans l'ensemble. [...]

This chapter explores the concept of history of early Muslim historians and their attitude towards the Prophet’s biography (Sira). It discusses how evolving tastes and values affected their biographical writing. It also discusses when and why facts began to get blurred and invented incidents and miracles began to be ascribed to the Prophet, leading to the way in which the Prophet’s biography is dealt with in the twentieth century. The chapter further discusses how the Prophet’s biography was written in Europe during the Middle Ages and the influence that modern European trends of thought and contact with the West had on its writing. The chapter highlights Montgomery Watt’s Defence of Muhammad and critically engages with it. The chapter closes with Hussein Amin’s wish for a new, objective, unapologetic and truthful biography that is grounded in the Prophet’s own time and milieu, reflecting his contemporary ethical standards and values.