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Journal articles on the topic 'Prophylactic treatment of diarrhoea'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bharadwaj, Shruthi Kumar, Sheila Samanta Mathai, Smriti Bhargava, and Leslie Edward S. Lewis. "Chronic diarrhoea due to trichohepatoenteric syndrome (THES) in an infant." BMJ Case Reports 17, no. 2 (2024): e257746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-257746.

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An infant was admitted with suspected postinfectious malabsorption with watery diarrhoea, fever and failure to thrive. She had dehydration, acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, which were corrected with intravenous fluids and managed with empiric antibiotics and prophylactic antifungals. She also developedEscherichia colisepsis, meningitis and Candida skin infections during hospitalisation, which were treated according to the culture reports. Intrauterine growth restriction, woolly hair and a broad nasal bridge with chronic refractory diarrhoea prompted genetic testing to rule out syndr

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Diemert, David J. "Prevention and Self-Treatment of Traveler's Diarrhea." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 19, no. 3 (2006): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00052-05.

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SUMMARYOf the millions who travel from the industrialized world to developing countries every year, between 20% and 50% will develop at least one episode of diarrhea, making it the most common medical ailment afflicting travelers. Although usually a mild illness, traveler's diarrhea can result in significant morbidity and hardship overseas. Precautions can be taken to minimize the risk of developing traveler's diarrhea, either through avoidance of potentially contaminated food or drink or through various prophylactic measures, including both nonpharmacological and antimicrobial strategies. If

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Jamil, Muhammad Omer, Maira Rizwan, and John T. Carpenter. "Prophylactic use of antidiarrheal agents to control diarrhea associated with lapatinib therapy in breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (2015): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.205.

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205 Background: Lapatinib causes diarrhea in about 40-50% of patients treated with it for HER-2 positive breast cancer. It is the major dose and treatment limiting toxicity of lapatinib. Methods: This is a retrospective review of a cohort of patients treated with lapatinib for HER2 positive breast cancer at the Kirklin clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham from January 1, 2009 through September 30, 2013. Loperamide 2-8mg before lapatinib dose was recommended for prophylaxis in patients who developed clinically significant diarrhea. Additional doses of loperamide were used if needed

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Harder, Helena, Valerie M. Shilling, Shirley F. May, David Cella, Peter Schmid, and Lesley J. Fallowfield. "The development and initial evaluation of the Diarrhoea Management Diary (DMD) in patients with metastatic breast cancer." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 183, no. 3 (2020): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-020-05798-w.

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Abstract Purpose Chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CID) is a common, but often underreported problem in patients with breast cancer that has a profound effect on quality of life. It is best measured from a patient’s perspective, but tools are limited. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the Diarrhoea Management Diary (DMD), a self-report measure to assess CID, use of self-management strategies and treatment adherence. Methods The DMD was constructed using an iterative process of instrument development: concept elicitation (literature review), item generation and reduction (cognitiv

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Timko, Jaroslav. "Probiotics as prevention of radiation-induced diarrhoea." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 9, no. 4 (2010): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396910000087.

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AbstractAim: To assess the efficacy of a probiotic preparation on the prevention of radiation-induced diarrhoea in cancer patients.Methods: Group of 42 radio-oncology patients who had undergone adjuvant post-operative radiation therapy (RT) after abdominal and pelvic cancer were randomised to receive either the probiotic preparation “5” Strain Dophilus (twice per day; L-Group), or the preparation Hylak Tropfen Forte (40 drops, three times per day; H-Group). Supplementation started on the first day and lasted until the end of RT. Efficacy endpoints were the incidence and the severity of the rad

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Bonafede, Machaon, Kathleen Wilson, and Fei Xue. "Long-term treatment patterns of prophylactic and acute migraine medications and incidence of opioid-related adverse events in patients with migraine." Cephalalgia 39, no. 9 (2019): 1086–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102419835465.

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Objectives To describe long-term treatment patterns in migraine patients initiating prophylactic therapy and to evaluate acute medication use and adverse events associated with opioids. Methods This study used the 2005–2014 IBM MarketScan® databases to evaluate migraine patients initiating prophylactic medication. Outcome measures included persistence with prophylactic migraine medications over 2–5 years. Acute medication use and gastrointestinal-related adverse events and opioid abuse following opioid use were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate predictors of non-

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Islam, Dilara, Nattaya Ruamsap, Rawiwan Imerbsin, et al. "Bioactivity and efficacy of a hyperimmune bovine colostrum product- Travelan, against shigellosis in a non-Human primate model (Macaca mulatta)." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0294021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294021.

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Infectious diarrhea is a World Health Organization public health priority area due to the lack of effective vaccines and an accelerating global antimicrobial resistance crisis. New strategies are urgently needed such as immunoprophylactic for prevention of diarrheal diseases. Hyperimmune bovine colostrum (HBC) is an established and effective prophylactic for infectious diarrhea. The commercial HBC product, Travelan® (Immuron Ltd, Australia) targets multiple strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is highly effective in preventing diarrhea in human clinical studies. Although Travelan

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Gorelov, A. V., Е. V. Kanner, M. L. Maximov, A. S. Ermolaeva, A. A. Voznesenskaya, and K. N. Dadasheva. "Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: clinical aspects of the use from the perspective of evidence-based medicine." Medical Council, no. 17 (October 22, 2018): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-17-66-73.

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This review provides information on the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiota, its role in the immune development. At present, prophylactic and therapeutic uses of probiotics are widely common for a variety of pathological conditions, however they have proven efficacy only in certain diseases. This review provides information on the efficacy of the use of probiotic microorganismL. rhamnosusGG in the paediatric practice as one of the most studied and tested strains. It summarized the currently available evidence on the efficacy of its use for the treatment of acute diarrhea, th

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Nield, Blake, Stephen R. Larsen, and Sebastiaan J. van Hal. "Clinical experience with new formulation SUBA®-itraconazole for prophylaxis in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation or treatment for haematological malignancies." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 74, no. 10 (2019): 3049–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz303.

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AbstractBackgroundSUper BioAvailability-itraconazole (SUBA®-itraconazole) was introduced into Australia in April 2014 as a substitute for standard itraconazole on the basis of improved bioavailability, tolerance and interpatient variability. Shortly after its introduction, our centre converted to the novel formulation for mould prophylaxis in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, autologous HSCT or treatment for haematological malignancies with an intermediate/high risk of invasive fungal infection (IFI).MethodsA single-institution, investigator-initiated retrospective cohort study was conducte

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Mathijssen, R. H., F. A. De Jong, D. F. Kehrer, et al. "Prophylactic treatment of irinotecan-induced diarrhea with neomycin (a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (2006): 3626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3626.

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3626 Background: Delayed-type diarrhea is a common side-effect of irinotecan, and is associated with a bacterial-mediated formation of the active irinotecan metabolite SN-38 from its glucuronide conjugate in the intestines. We hypothesized that concomitant administration of the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin would diminish exposure of the gut to SN-38, ameliorating the incidence of diarrhea. Methods: Patients were treated with irinotecan in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. In arm A, patients received irinotecan (350 mg/m2 i.v. for 90 minutes once every 3 weeks) combine

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T. K. Boranbayeva, Zh. K.Tulemissova, S. Ozkaya, and D. M. Khussainov. "EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC "LACTOBACTERIN-TK2" ON IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL STATUS OF NEWBORN CALVES IN THE THERAPEUTIC AND PROPHYLACTIC OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.3.

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In recent decades, the loss of newborn calves occurs mainly from non-infectious diseases. It is established that in the process of growth and development, especially after birth, the animal has to experience the action of anthropogenic environmental factors that cause various kinds of adaptive reactions of the body. Currently, probiotic drugs are increasingly evaluated not only for their antimicrobial action but also for the characteristics of the impact on the body and its microbiota in the development of the need to strengthen the immune response, in the treatment and treatment of calf diarr

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Valpotić, Hrvoje, Davor Svoboda, Daniel Špoljarić, et al. "Evaluation of the prophylactic potential of non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (non-ETEC) vaccine immunization and dietary mannan oligosaccharide competitive exclusion benefits against ETEC infections in weaned pigs." Veterinarski arhiv 92, no. 1 (2022): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.1584.

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains expressing F4 and F18 fimbriae are the most common causative agents of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs. The growing global restriction on the use of antibiotics in food animals has encouraged research into the development of nutritional and feeding strategies as well as vaccination against PWD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a live oral F4ac+ F18ac+ non-ETEC vaccine candidate (VAC) to stimulate gut and systemic cellular immunity in 4-week old pigs over 5 weeks following immunization. The onset and duration of protectiv

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Fleming, Derek, Yuli Jiang, Kwaku Opoku, et al. "Prophylactic Probiotics in Burn Patients: Risk versus Reward." Journal of Burn Care & Research 40, no. 6 (2019): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irz132.

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Abstract Probiotics are often used in critically ill patients to prevent antibiotic-associated complications, including Clostridium difficile colitis. However, clinical evidence of their efficacy is lacking. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of prophylactic probiotic administration on bowel function, gut microbial diversity, and nutritional markers in adult burn patients. A retrospective cohort study was done on 108 burn patients aged 18 to 89. Patients were given >1 million colony-forming units per day of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Testing for

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Maggio, Angelo, Tiziana Rancati, Marco Gatti, et al. "Quality of Life Longitudinal Evaluation in Prostate Cancer Patients from Radiotherapy Start to 5 Years after IMRT-IGRT." Current Oncology 31, no. 2 (2024): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31020062.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the evolution of quality of life (QoL) in the first 5 years following Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer (PCa) and to determine possible associations with clinical/treatment data. Material and methods: Patients were enrolled in a prospective multicentre observational trial in 2010-2014 and treated with conventional (74–80 Gy, 1.8–2 Gy/fr) or moderately hypofractionated IMRT (65–75.2 Gy, 2.2–2.7 Gy/fr). QoL was evaluated by means of EORTC QLQ-C30 at baseline, at radiation therapy (RT) end, and every 6 months up to 5 ye

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Clement, Dominique, John Ramage, and Raj Srirajaskanthan. "Update on Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Complications of Carcinoid Syndrome." Journal of Oncology 2020 (January 21, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8341426.

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Carcinoid syndrome (CS) develops in patients with hormone-producing neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) when hormones reach a significant level in the systemic circulation. The classical symptoms of carcinoid syndrome are flushing, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and wheezing. Neuroendocrine neoplasms can produce multiple hormones: 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) is the most well-known one, but histamine, catecholamines, and brady/tachykinins are also released. Serotonin overproduction can lead to symptoms and also stimulates fibrosis formation which can result in development of carcinoid syndrome-asso

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Alvim, L. B., S. H. C. Sandes, B. C. Silva, et al. "Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 reduces gene expression of intestinal cytokines, and hepatic and splenic injuries in a murine model of typhoid fever." Beneficial Microbes 7, no. 1 (2016): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2015.0093.

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Diarrhoea in piglets by Salmonella and other pathogens can be a serious health problem. Non-drug treatments such as probiotic microorganisms have various effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis and host immune system modulation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitable use of Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 strain isolated from healthy piglets as an alternative prophylactic or therapeutic treatment against Salmonella Typhimurium. Out of 37 lactic acid bacteria isolates, 24 strains belonging to the Weissella and Lactobacillus genera were analysed in vitro for desirabl

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Al-Ghamdi, Hamed Saeed, Abdulrahman Hamza Altokhy, Nawal Hussain Bin Jalalah, et al. "Prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of Traveler’s diarrhea." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 12 (2021): 6071. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214438.

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Evidence still indicates that traveler’s diarrhea might have unpleasant consequences over the affected patients’ time and health, and can increase the frequency of hospitalization and other health-related parameters. As a result of the newly developing serious issues about the resistance of bacteria to the different antibiotics, the management guidelines of traveler’s diarrhea are frequently changing based on this new data to ensure that proper management is delivered to the affected patients and enhance the healthcare practices. In the present literature review, we have discussed the diagnosi

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Pfaffenrath, V., P. Wessely, C. Meyer, et al. "Magnesium in the Prophylaxis of Migraine—a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study." Cephalalgia 16, no. 6 (1996): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1996.1606436.x.

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The migraine prophylactic effect of 10 mmol magnesium twice-daily has been evaluated in a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients with two to six migraine attacks per month without aura, and history of migraine of at least 2 years, were included. A 4-week baseline period without medication was followed by 12 weeks of treatment with magnesium or placebo. The primary efficacy end-point was a reduction of at least 50% in intensity or duration of migraine attacks in hours at the end of the 12 weeks of treatment compared to baseline. With a calculated

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Crown, John, Denis M. Collins, Alex J. Eustace, et al. "Abstract P1-11-09: Five year follow up of a randomized phase II comparison of neo-adjuvant docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab with or without lapatinib in HER-2 positive breast cancer." Cancer Research 83, no. 5_Supplement (2023): P1–11–09—P1–11–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p1-11-09.

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Abstract Background: The addition of trastuzumab (H) to pre-operative chemotherapy in HER2+ breast cancer (H+BC) increases the rate of pathological complete response (pCR). TCH is a widely used adjuvant regimen in early stage H+BC. Lapatinib (L) is a small molecule HER2 antagonist that produces responses following H failure, and has been reported to augment H activity in combination in vitro. We compared neo-adjuvant docetaxel, carboplatin (TC) + H v TCL v TCHL in pts with H+BC. Methods: Pts with stages Ic–III H+BC were randomized to receive neo-adjuvant TCH, TCL or TCHL (ICORG/CTRIAL-IE 10-05

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Tao, Heqing, Ligang Liu, Weipeng Lu, et al. "The Effects of Prophylactic Laxative Use on Critically Ill Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Diseases 12, no. 11 (2024): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases12110274.

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Objective: To investigate the effects of prophylactic use of stimulant laxatives and/or docusate on the clinical outcomes in critically ill patients who required mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods: A single-center, retrospective, cohort study was conducted. Patients who received MV in the first 24 h after intensive care unit (ICU) admission were enrolled and divided into four groups: non-laxative, stimulant laxatives, docusate, and stimulant laxatives–docusate combination. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The major secondary outcomes included ICU-free days and ventilator-free d

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da Silva Ferreira, Ana Rita, Hannah R. Wardill, Rick Havinga, Wim J. E. Tissing, and Hermie J. M. Harmsen. "Prophylactic Treatment with Vitamins C and B2 for Methotrexate-Induced Gastrointestinal Mucositis." Biomolecules 11, no. 1 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11010034.

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Mucositis is a common side-effect of chemotherapy treatment, inducing alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Redox active compounds, such as vitamins B2 and C, have been shown to reduce inflammation and enhance the growth of anaerobic bacteria in the gut. We therefore aimed to (1) validate the ability of these compounds to promote bacterial cell growth in vitro, and (2) determine their prophylactic efficacy in a rat model of methotrexate (MTX)-induced mucositis. Bacterial growth curves were performed to assess the growth kinetics of bacteria exposed to Vitamins C and B2 (0.5 mM)

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Crown, John, Alex J. Eustace, Denis M. Collins, et al. "TCHL – a phase II neo-adjuvant study assessing TCH (docetaxel, carboplatin and trastuzumab) and TCHL (docetaxel, carboplatin, rastuzumab and lapatinib) in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients: a 5-year follow-up with serum biomarker analysis." Acta Oncologica 64 (June 5, 2025): 751–60. https://doi.org/10.2340/1651-226x.2025.43143.

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Background: The docetaxel (T), carboplatin (C) and trastuzumab (H) regimen has been used in the (neo-) adjuvant treatment of HER2+ early stage breast cancer (ESBC). Lapatinib (L) a small molecule HER2 antagonist produces clinical responses following H failure. Methods: We randomly assigned 88 patients with stages Ic–III HER2+ESBC to receive neoadjuvant TCH, TCL or TCHL followed by surgery and 1 year of H. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR). Secondary objectives were overall and disease-free survival (OS, DFS). Results: The TCL arm was closed following demonstration o

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Nisley, Mitchell J., Eric R. Burrough, Ben Haberl, et al. "12 Evaluation of pre-wean prophylactic anticoccidial and antimicrobial strategies." Journal of Animal Science 103, Supplement_1 (2025): 73. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.079.

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Abstract Coccidia are protozoan parasites that are ingested through fecal and environmental material, invade the intestinal lining, and reduce the piglet’s absorptive cells which can increase diarrhea incidence and reduce performance and livability. Damage to the intestinal lining caused by coccidiosis may heighten the risk of viral and bacterial coinfections, and these infections may similarly increase susceptibility to coccidiosis. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of an amprolium and sulfaquinoxaline blend or Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on suckling piglet health,

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Mecocci, Samanta, Livia De Paolis, Roberto Zoccola, et al. "Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cow Colostrum Extracellular Vesicles (ColosEVs) in an Intestinal In Vitro Model." Biomedicines 10, no. 12 (2022): 3264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123264.

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Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized double-lipid-membrane-bound structures, acting mainly as signalling mediators between distant cells and, in particular, modulating the immune response and inflammation of targeted cells. Milk and colostrum contain high amounts of EVs that could be exploited as alternative natural systems in antimicrobial fighting. The aim of this study is to evaluate cow colostrum-derived EVs (colosEVs) for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects in vitro to assess their suitability as natural antimicrobial agents as a strategy to cope wit

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Leukhina, V. A. "Use experience of coniferous and phytogenic feed additives in treatment and prevention of eimeriosis in calves." Russian Journal of Parasitology 18, no. 1 (2024): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2024-18-1-74-79.

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The purpose of the research is to determine the therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of long-acting coniferous and phytogenic feed additives against eimeriosis in calves under traditional rearing conditions.Materials and methods. Eimeriosis of calves aged 50 to 60 days was analyzed on a livestock farm in the Kirovo-Chepetsk District of the Kirov Region from April to May 2023. Coniferous and phytogenic feed additives “Coniferous and phytogenic immune modulator for baby calves” and "Coniferous and salicylic feed additive" (LLC STC Khiminvest) were used as treatment and prevention drugs. To diag

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Pérez García, José Manuel, María Gión, Manuel Ruiz-Borrego, et al. "Prevention of sacituzumab govitecan (SG)-related neutropenia and diarrhea in patients (pts) with triple-negative or HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC; PRIMED): A phase 2 trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.1101.

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1101 Background: SG is a Trop-2 directed antibody-drug conjugate approved for pts with advanced, pretreated, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HR+/HER2- breast cancer. The most common SG-related adverse events (AEs) are neutropenia and diarrhea which can lead to treatment modifications. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and loperamide (L) are frequently used for managing these AEs. PRIMED is assessing if primary prophylaxis with G-CSF and L can improve the tolerability of SG. Methods: PRIMED (NCT05520723) is an open-label, single-arm, phase II trial. Pts had received between

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Echarri, María José, Marta Santisteban, and Juan David Cárdenas. "Abstract P1-06-12: Efficacy and safety of the addition of prophylactic atropine to patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer treated with sacituzumab govitecan: a Spanish multicenter real-world study." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P1–06–12—P1–06–12. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p1-06-12.

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Abstract Background: Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a first-in-class trophoblastic antigen-2 (Trop-2)-directed antibody‒drug conjugate (ADC) composed of a humanized monoclonal antibody (hRS7 IgG1κ) that recognizes Trop-2 and SN-38, a topoisomerase I inhibitor which is covalently attached to the antibody by a hydrolysable linker and results in DNA damage leading to apoptosis and cell death. SG showed a significant and clinically meaningful improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with single-agent chemotherapy among patients with pretreated advanced tripl

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Harp, James A., Phillip Jardon, E. Rob Atwill, et al. "Field testing of prophylactic measures against Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves in a California dairy herd." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 11 (1996): 1586–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.11.1586.

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Abstract Objective To test the ability of oral vaccination or probiotic treatment with lactic acid-producing bacteria to protect calves from Cryptosporidium parvum infection under field conditions. Animals 134 Holstein calves born on a dairy farm where cryptosporidiosis was endemic. Procedure Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups at birth. Calves in the vaccine group received an oral dose of C parvum vaccine within several hours of birth. Calves in the bacteria group received an oral dose of lactic acid-producing bacteria daily for the first 10 days after birth. Control calv

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Fortuoso, Bruno F., Andreia Volpato, Luana Rampazzo, et al. "Homeopathic treatment as an alternative prophylactic to minimize bacterial infection and prevent neonatal diarrhea in calves." Microbial Pathogenesis 114 (January 2018): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.041.

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Gonzalez Maeso, Iria, Daniel E. Castellano, Begona Campos Balea, et al. "Meaningful survival after cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): The Spanish experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (2014): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.235.

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235 Background: New emerging therapies for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), such as cabazitaxel (CBZ), have prompted the need to identify appropriate patients (pts) for each specific treatment. We describe preliminary data on the experience with CBZ in patients (pts) with mCRPC in Spain. Methods: Medical records from docetaxel-resistant mCRPC pts receiving CBZ at 15 centers in Spain were reviewed retrospectively. Baseline characteristics, PSA response, overall survival (OS), radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS), and toxicity were collected. Results: Data from 7

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Coelho, Cideli de Paula, Erlete Rosalina Vuaden, Francisco Rafael Martins Soto, et al. "Evaluation of homeopathic treatment of Escherichia coli infected swine with indetification of virulence factors involved: Pilot study." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 13, no. 49 (2021): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v13i49.715.

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Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic homeopathic treatment of swine diarrhea to achieve a satisfactory balance between weight gain and cost. Methods: Escherichia coli (E. coli) was isolated from 4 piglets with diarrhea, their clinical signs were used to select the adequate homeopathic medicine China officinalis (Chin). Newborn piglets were divided in 4 groups (n=11 or 12): control group treated with the routinely used antimicrobial agent (ceftiofur 4 mg 1 ml/piglet for 3 days); one group with homeopathic medicine Chin 30 cH; one group treated with biotherapy prepared from locally isol

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Leprêtre, Stephane, Frédéric Maloisel, Didier Kamioner, Christian Berthou, and Hélène Albrand. "Safety of Biosimilar Filgrastim in Patients Undergoing Neutropenia-Inducing Chemotherapy: The Next Study." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 4976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4976.4976.

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Abstract Introduction Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent and potentially serious complication of cytotoxic chemotherapy (CT). It is defined as an oral temperature >38.5°C, or two consecutive readings of >38.0°C for 2 h, with an absolute neutrophil count <0.5 x 109/L, or expected to fall below 0.5 x 109/L. Biosimilar filgrastim (Nivestim™, Hospira Inc.) is a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) approved in France for the treatment of neutropenia and FN resulting from myelosuppressive CT. Previous clinical trials have demonstrated that the efficacy and safety of biosimilar

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Gardner, Ian A., David W. Hird, Charles E. Franti, and John S. Glenn. "Randomized efficacy trials of long-acting oxytetracycline in neonatal pigs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 194, no. 5 (1989): 659–63. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.1989.194.05.659.

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Summary Prophylactic efficacy of 100 mg of long-acting oxytetracycline (otc) given im to neonatal pigs within 12 hours of birth was evaluated in a swine herd. The herd had a history of increased neonatal mortality, diarrhea, foot abscess, and arthritis in nursing pigs. Two trials were conducted in which litters and individual pigs were the treatment groups of interest. In both trials, otc treatment failed to reduce mortality, diarrhea, or arthritis or the need for subsequent antimicrobial therapy (P > 0.05). Preweaning weight gains were not increased (P > 0.05) in treated pigs. However,

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Ikeda, Go, Akihiro Ohara, Mai Itoyama, et al. "Efficacy of prophylactic pegfilgrastim on day three of preoperative DCF chemotherapy in elderly patients with resectable esophageal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (2022): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.305.

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305 Background: Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin plus 5-FU (CF) is the standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer (EC). Docetaxel plus CF (DCF) is also a promising preoperative treatment; however, a high frequency (5%-30%) of febrile neutropenia (FN) has been reported in patients (pts) receiving DCF, and elderly pts reportedly have a high risk of FN. The use of primary prophylactic pegfilgrastim (PG) on day 3 of DCF in resectable EC pts might prevent FN. We conducted a retrospective review to assess the efficacy of primary prophylactic PG administration on day 3 of

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Barcenas, Carlos Hernando, Sara A. Hurvitz, Jack A. Di Palma, et al. "Effect of prophylaxis on neratinib-associated diarrhea and tolerability in patients with HER2+ early-stage breast cancer: Phase II CONTROL trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.548.

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548 Background: CONTROL (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02400476) is an open-label, sequential-cohort, phase II study investigating the effectiveness of prophylaxis or dose escalation in preventing diarrhea and improving tolerability of neratinib, an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Neratinib has demonstrated benefit as an extended adjuvant therapy for early-stage HER2+ breast cancer. Various prophylactic agents are being studied in adult patients treated with oral neratinib (240 mg/day for 1 year) after trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy. Methods: Patients (n = 485) were enrolled into

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Breitrück, Anne, Markus Weigel, Jacqueline Hofrichter, et al. "Smectite as a Preventive Oral Treatment to Reduce Clinical Symptoms of DSS Induced Colitis in Balb/c Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 8699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168699.

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Natural smectites have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of diarrhea. The present study evaluated the prophylactic effect of a diosmectite (FI5pp) on the clinical course, colon damage, expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and the composition of the gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. Diosmectite was administered daily to Balb/c mice from day 1 to 7 by oral gavage, followed by induction of acute DSS-colitis from day 8 to 14 (“Control”, n = 6; “DSS”, n = 10; “FI5pp + DSS”, n = 11). Mice were sacrificed on day 21. Clinical symptoms (body weight, stool consistency an

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Muhammad Salih and Maryam Qamar. "Prophylactic anti-emetic use to counter opioid adverse effects in the emergency department: Is it doing more harm than good?" Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, no. 05 (2023): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.7940.

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Madam, Pain is a subjective and multifaceted issue in the ER that presents in both acute and chronic versions. Patients often present in the ER with complaints of pain and are assessed by physicians and hospital staff immediately for pain-relief medication. In recent studies it was proved that complaints of pain have an emerging high prevalence. In a study comprising of 1665 patients, 61.2% had pain mentioned and recorded on the chart, 34.1% did not have pain, and 4.7% were procedures. The Pain was a chief complaint for 52.2% of the visits1. The most common manner of treatment in the ER for pa

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Huang, Jin-lin, Yan-Xin Yin, Zhi-ming Pan, et al. "Intranasal Immunization with Chitosan/pCAGGS-flaA Nanoparticles InhibitsCampylobacter jejuniin a White Leghorn Model." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/589476.

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Campylobacter jejuniis the most common zoonotic bacterium associated with human diarrhea, and chickens are considered to be one of the most important sources for human infection, with no effective prophylactic treatment available. We describe here a prophylactic strategy using chitosan-DNA intranasal immunization to induce specific immune responses. The chitosan used for intranasal administration is a natural mucus absorption enhancer, which results in transgenic DNA expression in chicken nasopharynx. Chickens immunized with chitosan-DNA nanoparticles, which carried a gene for the major struct

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Takahashi, Kazuo, Kazutaka Ohashi, Yurika Abe, et al. "Protective Efficacy of a Sulfated Sialyl Lipid (NMSO3) against Human Rotavirus-Induced Diarrhea in a Mouse Model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 2 (2002): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.2.420-424.2002.

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ABSTRACT Antiviral activity of sulfated sialyl lipid (NMSO3) against human rotavirus (RV) was examined in vitro and in vivo. NMSO3 inhibited the replication of four major serotypes (G1 to G4) of human rotavirus with a low 50% effective concentration of 1 to 5 μg/ml and 50% cytotoxic concentration of 153 μg/ml when determined by plaque assays with MA104 cells. Exposure of NMSO3 to HCl (pH 2.0) for 30 min exhibited no loss of anti-RV activity. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that NMSO3 inhibited the adsorption of four serotypes of RV to MA104 cells. Furthermore, an assay of virus binding w

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Tutida, Y. H., J. H. Montes, K. K. Borstnez, et al. "Effects of in feed removal of antimicrobials in comparison to other prophylactic alternatives in growing and finishing pigs." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 6 (2021): 1381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12450.

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ABSTRACT The utilization of antimicrobials in animal production, causes selection of resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to compare the utilization of alternatives in association with preventive antibiotic therapy in swine feed during the growing and finishing phases. 1,045 animals were used from 60 to 190 days of age and were subjected to six treatments with 16 repetitions as follows: 1) antibiotic free; 2) antibiotics; 3) prebiotic; 4) probiotic; 5) essential oils; and 6) organic acid. Animals were weighted, and clinical history was recorded including mortality and diarrhea.

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Pokharel, Pravil, Sabin Dhakal, and Charles M. Dozois. "The Diversity of Escherichia coli Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (2023): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020344.

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Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a gram-negative bacillus and resident of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some E. coli strains can cause diseases in humans, other mammals and birds ranging from intestinal infections, for example, diarrhea and dysentery, to extraintestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and sepsis. In terms of morbidity and mortality, pathogenic E. coli has a great impact on public health, with an economic cost of several billion dollars annually worldwide. Antibiotics are not usually used as first-line treatment

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Zhang, Jin, Haiguang Liu, Xinlan Liu, et al. "Abstract P5-07-19: A multicenter, prospective, non-interventional study to investigate the treatment patterns of neratinib in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 positive (HER2+) early breast cancer (EBC) in China: NER-Tree study—An interim analysis on safety." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P5–07–19—P5–07–19. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p5-07-19.

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Abstract Background: Neratinib, an oral irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was approved in 2020 in China for the extended adjuvant treatment of HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC) adult patients who completed prior adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy based on the ExteNET trial. Diarrhea is a common treatment-related adverse event of neratinib, and it is necessary to investigate its pattern of occurrence and the effectiveness of anti-diarrheal prophylaxis measures in the real world. Method: This is a multi-center, prospective, non-interventional study planning to enroll 500 HER2+ EBC pa

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Gion, María, Manuel Ruiz-Borrego, Isabel Blancas, et al. "Abstract P1-02-06: Efficacy analysis & updated safety from the phase 2 PRIMED study of prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) & loperamide for patients (pts) with HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated w/ sacituzumab govitecan (SG)." Clinical Cancer Research 31, no. 12_Supplement (2025): P1–02–06—P1–02–06. https://doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.sabcs24-p1-02-06.

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Abstract Background SG is a Trop-2 directed antibody drug conjugate that has shown a statistically significant and clinically meaningful overall survival benefit for pts with HER2- ABC in two phase III trials. The most common SG-related adverse events (AEs) were neutropenia and diarrhea, which frequently led to treatment modifications. The PRIMED trial previously demonstrated that primary prophylactic administration of G-CSF and loperamide resulted in a clinically meaningful reduction of neutropenia and diarrhea during the first two treatment cycles. Herein we report the extended safety follow

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Marathe, Omkar Subhash, Lina Tang, Robert C. Tyler, et al. "A survey study of prevention and treatment patterns by academic and community oncologists for cancer therapy-associated diarrhea." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.076.

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76 Background: Chemotherapy and targeted therapies are associated with GI toxicities including diarrhea that affects 50% to 80% of patients. Severe complications include dehydration, malnutrition, fatigue, renal insufficiency, and systemic infection. There are no specific prevention strategies, and treatment options are limited. Dose reduction or interruption of anti-cancer medications may lead to decreased efficacy. This survey was conducted to assess current toxicity management patterns and gaps for cancer therapy-associated diarrhea. Methods: An online survey (MedSurvey) with 6 eligibility

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Wu, Ping, Wei Ling, Chengwei Luo Luo, et al. "MRD-Driven Prophylactic or Pre-Emptive Intervention with Chidamide-Based Treatment for High-Risk AML Relapse Post-Transplantation: A Real-World Experience from a Chinese Single Center." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 1575. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-210697.

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Background: The persistence of measurable residual disease (MRD) at the time of transplantation or post-transplantation is widely recognized as the most significant risk factor for relapse and poor outcomes in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although azacitidine (AZA), Chidamide, and inhibitors targeting FLT3, IDH1/2, and KIT have been employed to mitigate post-transplant relapse, their efficacy remains suboptimal. The potential of MRD-driven prophylactic and pre-emptive interventions to improve relapse prevention in AML warrants investigation. This study evaluates the efficacy and

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Yerushalmi, Rinat, Salomon M. Stemmer, Daniel Hendler, et al. "Adjuvant docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (DC) with prophylactic growth colony stimulating factor (GCSF) on days 8 and 12 in breast cancer patients: A retrospective analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 27_suppl (2012): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.27_suppl.202.

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202 Background: Four cycles of docetaxel/cyclophosohamide (DC) produced superior survival compared with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in the treatment of early breast cancer. The study reported 5% of febrile neutropenia (FN) events using prophylactic antibiotics with no growth factor (GF) support. The worldwide adoption of this protocol yielded several reports on substantially higher rates of FN events (up to 46%), prompting the addition of GCSF by most centers. We explored the use of GF support on days 8 and 12 to the original DC protocol. This report summarizes treatment related morbidity of

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Beketova, H. V., O. O. Koiro, S. S. Bohdanova, et al. "Efficacy of Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children." CHILD`S HEALTH 19, no. 7 (2024): 454–63. https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.19.7.2024.1758.

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The effectiveness of the probiotic strain Bacillus clausii UBBC-07, was evaluated in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The study analyzed the treatment outcomes of 939 patients aged 28 days to 18 years with bacterial infections of various localizations, receiving systemic antibacterial therapy. Patients who took Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 simultaneously with antibiotics (n = 671) were assigned to the treatment group, while those who did not receive the probiotic on the background of antibiotic therapy (n = 268) were included in the control group. The treatment outcomes were evalu

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Kanazawa, Mimari, Takeshi Sugaya, Fumiaki Takahashi, et al. "A Case of Bilateral Acute Inferior Limb Ischemia in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis." Clinical Medicine Insights: Case Reports 13 (January 2020): 117954762091273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179547620912734.

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A patient was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) in 2010. In March 2015, she had abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, and UC has relapsed. In June 2015, pain and sensory disturbance of both lower limbs appeared. Blood flow at the distal femoral artery was not confirmed with magnetic resonance angiography, and it was diagnosed as bilateral acute inferior limb ischemia. Arterial thrombolectomy with Fogarty’s balloon catheter was performed and blood flow was improved. The severity of UC was moderate with Mayo score 8. Thrombosis is considered to be a complication with a high incidence in i

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Caputo, Roberta, Giuseppe Buono, Vincenzo Di Lauro, et al. "Neratinib as adjuvant therapy in patients with HER2 positive breast cancer: expert opinion." Future Oncology 19, no. 24 (2023): 1695–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2023-0361.

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Neratinib is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor used in the extended adjuvant therapy of early-stage breast cancer. After adjuvant trastuzumab therapy, neratinib reduces the risk of recurrence and, if taken within 1 year from trastuzumab, significantly improves the invasive disease-free survival of patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer with no increased risk of long-term toxicity. Diarrhea, the most common adverse event associated with neratinib use, deters some clinicians from prescribing this drug. However, neratinib-related toxic

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Alomari, Mohammed Mijbas M., Marta Dec, Anna Nowaczek, et al. "Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effect of the Experimental Bacteriophage Treatment to Control Diarrhea Caused by E. coli in Newborn Calves." ACS Infectious Diseases 7, no. 8 (2021): 2093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00010.

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