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Chen, Hui, Hanhan Li, Felix Motzoi, Leigh Martin, K. Birgitta Whaley, and Mohan Sarovar. "Quantum proportional-integral (PI) control." New Journal of Physics 22, no. 11 (2020): 113014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/abc464.
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Son, Donggun, Seung Jeon, and Haecheon Choi. "A proportional–integral–differential control of flow over a circular cylinder." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1940 (2011): 1540–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0357.
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In the present study, we apply proportional (P), proportional–integral (PI) and proportional–differential (PD) feedback controls to flow over a circular cylinder at Re =60 and 100 for suppression of vortex shedding in the wake. The transverse velocity at a centreline location in the wake is measured and used for the feedback control. The actuation (blowing/suction) is provided to the flow at the upper and lower slots on the cylinder surface near the separation point based on the P, PI or PD control. The sensing location is varied from 1 d to 4 d from the centre of the cylinder. Given each sensing location, the optimal proportional gain in the sense of minimizing the sensing velocity fluctuations is obtained for the P control. The addition of I and D controls to the P control certainly increases the control performance and broadens the effective sensing location. The P, PI and PD controls successfully reduce the velocity fluctuations at sensing locations and attenuate vortex shedding in the wake, resulting in reductions in the mean drag and lift fluctuations. Finally, P controls with phase shift are constructed from successful PI controls. These phase-shifted P controls also reduce the strength of vortex shedding, but their results are not as good as those from the corresponding PI controls.
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Fauziyah, Mila, Supriatna Adhisuwignjo, Dinda Ayu Permatasari, and Nadira Aisyah Ibrahim. "Implementation of proportional–integral control in Baglog steamer temperature control." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 5 (2022): 2555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i5.3630.
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Sterilization is the oyster mushroom cultivation process. Sterilization is used to kill nuisance microorganisms that can inhibit mushroom growth. The sterilization process is 8 hours at a temperature of 70–95 oC. This process of frequent breakdown is caused by the unstable temperature sterilization space and is controlled manually. Based on these problems, the right solution is to use a steamer that can be controlled automatically using the proportional–integral (PI) control method. PI controller consists of proportional gain and integral gain. To determine the value of proportional gain and integral gain, this study used the Ziegler-Nichols tuning method using the S curve. The results of the PI control parameters obtained the value of Kp=25.2 and Ki=0.302. Thus, producing a transient response graph with Mp=94.5; Os=0.45; PO=0.47; Tr=16,440 s. The system can work according to setpoint 95 oC and maintain a stable temperature according to the setpoint with these results. And the sterilization time becomes fast from 8 hours to 6 hours.
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Zafar, Farhan, Suheel Abdullah Malik, Tayyab Ali, et al. "Stabilization and tracking control of underactuated ball and beam system using metaheuristic optimization based TID-F and PIDD2–PI control schemes." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (2024): e0298624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298624.
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In this paper, we propose two different control strategies for the position control of the ball of the ball and beam system (BBS). The first control strategy uses the proportional integral derivative-second derivative with a proportional integrator PIDD2-PI. The second control strategy uses the tilt integral derivative with filter (TID-F). The designed controllers employ two distinct metaheuristic computation techniques: grey wolf optimization (GWO) and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) for the parameter tuning. We evaluated the dynamic and steady-state performance of the proposed control strategies using four performance indices. In addition, to analyze the robustness of proposed control strategies, a comprehensive comparison has been performed with a variety of controllers, including tilt integral-derivative (TID), fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID), integral–proportional derivative (I-PD), proportional integral-derivative (PI-D), and proportional integral proportional derivative (PI-PD). By comparing different test cases, including the variation in the parameters of the BBS with disturbance, we examine step response, set point tracking, disturbance rejection analysis, and robustness of proposed control strategies. The comprehensive comparison of results shows that WOA-PIDD2-PI-ISE and GWO-TID-F- ISE perform superior. Moreover, the proposed control strategies yield oscillation-free, stable, and quick response, which confirms the robustness of the proposed control strategies to the disturbance, parameter variation of BBS, and tracking performance. The practical implementation of the proposed controllers can be in the field of under actuated mechanical systems (UMS), robotics and industrial automation. The proposed control strategies are successfully tested in MATLAB simulation.
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Atherton, Derek. "PI-PD, an Extension of Proportional–Integral–Derivative Control." Measurement and Control 49, no. 5 (2016): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294016649980.
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Tamba, Masaaki, Keiji Murayama, Hiroyuki Asanuma, and Takashi Nakakuki. "Renewable DNA Proportional-Integral Controller with Photoresponsive Molecules." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020193.
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A molecular robot is an intelligent molecular system. A typical control problem of molecular robots is to maintain the concentration of a specific DNA strand at the desired level, which is typically attained by a molecular feedback control mechanism. A molecular feedback system can be constructed in a bottom-up method by transforming a nonlinear chemical reaction system into a pseudo-linear system. This method enables the implementation of a molecular proportional-integral (PI) controller on a DNA reaction system. However, a DNA reaction system is driven by fuel DNA strand consumption, and without a sufficient amount of fuel strands, the molecular PI controller cannot perform normal operations as a concentration regulator. In this study, we developed a design method for a molecular PI control system to regenerate fuel strands by introducing photoresponsive reaction control. To this end, we employed a photoresponsive molecule, azobenzene, to guide the reaction direction forward or backward using light irradiation. We validated our renewable design of the PI controller by numerical simulations based on the reaction kinetics. We also confirmed the proof-of-principle of our renewable design by conducting experiments using a basic DNA circuit.
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Kim, Euiyoung, and Haecheon Choi. "Linear proportional–integral control for skin-friction reduction in a turbulent channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 814 (February 8, 2017): 430–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.33.
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In the present study, we apply a proportional (P)–integral (I) feedback control to a turbulent channel flow for skin-friction reduction. The instantaneous wall-normal velocity at a sensing plane above the wall is measured as a sensing parameter, and blowing/suction is provided at the wall based on the PI control. The performance of PI controls is estimated by the change in the skin friction while varying the sensing plane location $y_{s}$ and the proportional and integral feedback gains ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ respectively). The opposition control proposed by Choi et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 262, 1994, pp. 75–110) corresponds to a P control with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=1$. When the sensing plane is located close to the wall ($y_{s}^{+}\lesssim 10$), PI controls result in greater skin-friction reductions than corresponding P controls. The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) sensing velocity fluctuations, considered as the control error, approach zero with successful PI controls, but do not with P controls. Successful PI controls reduce the strength of near-wall coherent structures and the r.m.s. velocity fluctuations above the wall apart from those near the wall due to the control input. The frequency spectra of the sensing velocity show that the I component of PI controls significantly reduces the energy at low frequencies, much more than P controls do. Proportional–integral controls are also applied to a linearized flow model having transient growth of disturbances. The performance of PI controls for a linearized flow model is very similar to that for a turbulent channel flow, i.e. the low-frequency components of disturbances are significantly reduced by the I component of PI controls, and the transient energy growth is suppressed more than by P controls.
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Huang, Haihang. "PI Control Technology Principal Analysis and Simulation." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 71 (November 28, 2023): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v71i.12676.
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As the requirements for control accuracy and speed increase, proportional-integral (PI) control systems can better achieve stable control. Proportional-integral (PI) control is widely used in modern industry because it has the characteristics of block speed and high accuracy. However, the performance of proportional control systems with different parameters varies greatly in different usage scenarios, and the behavior of PI control systems can be observed and adjusted in advance through computer simulation and modeling. This process can be optimized in advance by observing the response performance of the PI control system, thus reducing the development time and helping to improve the development efficiency in actual engineering. This paper explains the basic principle of PI control from the basic mathematical principle, and simulates the specific behavior of PI control system under different regulation parameters and shows the zero-pole distribution and step response of PI controller under different states and analyzes the application of PI control system in real engineering.
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Li, Huidong. "Speed control of direct current motors using proportional integral controllers." Applied and Computational Engineering 28, no. 1 (2023): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/28/20230231.
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Proportional integral(PI) controllers is widely used in direct current(DC) motor controlling in factories, requiring tuning of their parameters to achieve optimal performance. New tuning techniques may be developed with the aid of research, which can speed up and simplify the tuning process. This work examined the use of PI controllers to regulate the speed of DC motors. TinkerCad modelling and Falstad circuit simulation are used to simulate the circuit model. Two well-known methods, step response and root locus, were implemented and assessed using Octave Online. Results demonstrate that, provided the KP value is not excessively high, increasing KP can enhance the stability of the DC motor close-loop system. The goal of the research is to balance the system's oscillation and stability while determining the appropriate KP value for the PI controller in this closed-loop system. This research uses octave online to analysis the root locus and close loop positions in pole-zero maps and creates the step responses of the system with different parameters of the PI controller.
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Alluhydan, Khalid, Ashraf Taha EL-Sayed, and Fatma Taha El-Bahrawy. "The Effect of Proportional, Proportional-Integral, and Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controllers on Improving the Performance of Torsional Vibrations on a Dynamical System." Computation 12, no. 8 (2024): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation12080157.
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The primary goal of this research is to lessen the high vibration that the model causes by using an appropriate vibration control. Thus, we begin by implementing various controller types to investigate their impact on the system’s reaction and evaluate each control’s outcomes. The controller types are presented as proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. We employed PID control to regulate the torsional vibration behavior on a dynamical system. The PID controller aims to increase system stability after seeing the impact of P and PI control. This kind of control ensures that there are no unstable components in the system. By using the multiple time scale perturbation (MTSP) technique, a first-order approximate solution has been obtained. Using the frequency response function approach, the stability and steady-state response of the system at the primary resonance scenario (Ω1≅ω1,Ω2≅ω2) are considered as the worst resonance and addressed. Additionally examined are the nonlinear dynamical system’s chaotic response and the numerical solution for various parameter values. The MATLAB programs are utilized to attain simulation outcomes.
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Zafar, Farhan, Suheel Abdullah Malik, Tayyab Ali, et al. "Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithm Based Cascaded Control Schemes for Nonlinear Ball and Balancer System." Processes 12, no. 2 (2024): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12020291.
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The ball and balancer system is a popular research platform for studying underactuated mechanical systems and developing control algorithms. It is a well-known two-dimensional balancing problem that has been addressed by a variety of controllers. This research work proposes two controllers that are proportional integral derivative-second derivative-proportional integrator (PIDD2-PI) controller and tilt integral derivative with filter (TID-F) controller in a multivariate, electromechanical, and nonlinear under-actuated ball and balancer system. Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) is an objective function used for designing controllers because of its ability to be more sensitive to overshooting as well as reduced settling time and steady-state error. As part of the analysis, four metaheuristic optimization algorithms are compared in the optimization of proposed control strategies for cascaded control of the ball and balancer system. The algorithms are the Grey Wolf optimization algorithm (GWO), Cuckoo Search algorithm (CSA), Gradient Base Optimization (GBO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The effectiveness of proposed controllers PIDD2-PI and TID-F is investigated to be better in terms of transient time response than proportional integral derivative (PID), proportional integral-derivative (PI-D), proportional integral-proportional derivative (PI-PD) and proportional integral derivative-second derivative-proportional derivative (PIDD2-PD). Moreover, these two proposed controllers have also been compared with recently published work. During the analysis, it is shown that the proposed control strategies exhibit significantly greater robustness and dynamic responsiveness compared to other structural controllers. The proposed controller WOA-PIDD2-PI reduced the 73.38% settling time and 88.16% rise time compared to classical PID. The other proposed controller GWO-TID-F reduced 58.06% the settling time and 26.96% rise time compared to classical PID. These results show that proposed controllers are particularly distinguished in terms of rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, and set-point tracking.
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Djaeni, M., Suherman Suherman, K. Jalasanti, and R. R. Mukti. "Control System Strategy Of The Saponification Process Between Ethyl Acetate And Sodium Hydroxide." REAKTOR 5, no. 2 (2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.5.2.54-58.
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The research looks into the performance of Proportional (P), Proportional Integral (PI), and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to maintain soap concentration. To facilitate the study, the mathematical model of saponification process is derived using information cited from literature. Then the model is validated using experimental data. Based on model, the control system using Proportional (P), Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) are designed. In this case, the constant of each controller is tuned using Ziegler Nichols method. The result showed that the PID controller with Integral Square Error (ISE) of 5,77936 E-08 isthe strongest for disturbance rejection among the others. The performance of PID controlleris also good for set point tracking with ISE of 1.28227 E-05.Key words : control, mathematical model, simulation, saponification
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Regaya, Chiheb Ben, Fethi Farhani, Abderrahmen Zaafouri, and Abdelkader Chaari. "Adaptive proportional-integral fuzzy logic controller of electric motor drive." Engineering review 41, no. 2 (2021): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.1446.
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This paper presents the indirect field vector control of induction motor (IM) which is controlled by an adaptive Proportional-Integral (PI) speed controller. The proposed solution can overcome the rotor resistance variation, which degrades the performance of speed control. To solve this drawback, an adaptive PI controller is designed with gains adaptation based on fuzzy logic in order to improve the performances of IM with respect to parameters variations, particularly the rotor resistance (Rr). The proposed control algorithm is validated by simulation tests. The obtained results show the robustness towards the load torque disturbances and rotor resistance variation of the adaptive Proportional-Integral fuzzy logic control with respect to classical PI control, and adaptive control based on rotor resistance observer.
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Rudiyanto, Bayu, Agus Susanto, and Yuana Susmiati. "Aplikasi Kontrol PI (Proportional Integral) pada Katup Ekspansi Mesin Pendingin." Rona Teknik Pertanian 9, no. 2 (2016): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/rtp.v9i2.5647.
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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan proses perancangan dan pembuatan kontrol katup ekspansi otomatis dengan menggunakan sistem kontrol PI, untuk melakukan proses pengontrolan temperatur ruang evaporator agar didapatkan hasil pembekuan yang lebih optimal. Sensor temperatur LM35 digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melakukan pembacaan temperatur pada ruang evaporator, yang mana dari hasil pembacaan sensor tersebut digunakan sebagai sinyal masukan untuk sistem kontrol PI. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sensor LM35 mempunyai sensitivitas pembacaan sebesar 0,009335 V/oC. Unjuk kerja sistem kontrol PI pada penelitian ini didapatkan respon yang baik pada nilai Kp = 20 dan Ki = 10, dimana dengan nilai berikut untuk mencapai temperatur set point waktu yang dibutuhkan selama 251 detik dengan nilai maximum overshoot lebih rendah yaitu -2,4 oC. Hasil pendinginan yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan sistem kontrol katup ekspansi otomatis didapat proses pendinginan yang lebih cepat dan energi yang dibutuhkan jauh lebih hemat yaitu sebesar 0,265 kWh. The Application of A Control PI (Proportional Integral) on Expansion Valves Refrigeration Machine Abstract. This research aim to do design process and making control valve expansion automatic by using control system PI, which then applied on refrigerator plates touch to perform the process of control freezing temperatures. Censor temperature LM35 used in this research to do reading the temperature at evaporator room, of results reading sensors is used as input signal to control system PI. Based on the test result of testing censor LM35 have the sensitivity reading of almost accordance with the datav sheet is as much as 0,009335 V/oC. Were control sistem works PI the research this obtained response good to value center Kp = 20 and Ki =10. In which value, to reach set temperature point , the time it takes 251 seconds by value maximum overshoot point lower then -2.4°C. The result of this research shows that using, control system valve expansion automatic obtained the process of cooling faster and the energy needed is more efficient, is a much as 0.265 kWh.
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Panjaitan, Seno Darmawan, Hendro Priyatman, Supriono Supriono, and Muhammad Revaldi Frizky. "Integral-proportional derivative approach for brushless direct current motor speed control." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 5 (2024): 3112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i5.7755.
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is paper proposed the integral-proportional-derivative (I-PD) as an extension of the conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) method that has been used in many brushless direct current (BLDC) applications to control the BLDC motor that can deal with desired speed (reference) changes. It has elucidated a comprehensive comparative analysis between PID, intending to delineate the most efficacious control approach based on a thorough evaluation. This paper scrutinizes four principal methods: proportional-integral (PI), integral-proportional (I-P), PID, and I-PD. Our findings indicate that in the presence of voltage spike constraints, I-P or I-PD emerges as the optimum choice for both four-pole and six-pole motors. Where maximum difference (MaxDiff) is the principal consideration, PI, and I-P are identified as the most suitable methods. Conversely, when the primary objective is to minimize root mean square error (RMSE), PI proves superior for four-pole motors, while PID is preferable for six-pole types. Notably, I-P demonstrates excellent performance in terms of settling time for both motor types. In summation, I-P stands out as the preeminent choice if the objective is to select a singular method that ensures optimal performance across all parameters for a four-pole or six-pole motor.
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Long, Junyu. "Performance analysis of proportional feedback control and integral control in DC motors and speed control." Theoretical and Natural Science 26, no. 1 (2023): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/26/20241023.
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Control systems play a crucial role in modern engineering and technology, and their stability and performance are vital for the success of various applications. This paper aims to explore the application and performance analysis of proportional feedback control (P control) in DC motors and integral control (PI control) in speed control. The following section provides an exposition of the fundamental principles underpinning P control and PI control, alongside an exhaustive account of their practical implementations within the Tinkercad and Octave software environments. The simulations carried out in Tinkercad serve as the basis for evaluating step responses associated with varying values, leveraging a 1Hz function generator. Subsequent analysis pertains to proportional-integral control through the utilization of Octave's PZmap and root locus methodologies, with specific regard to their implications for system stability and control performance in the context of speed control. The experimental outcomes reveal the aptitude of P control in scenarios demanding rapid responses, while establishing the superiority of PI control in the context of steady-state error mitigation. In the experimental analysis conducted, an evident trend emerged as Kp values were systematically increased within the framework of proportional feedback control. The primary observation related to the reduction in system response times, along with the concurrent rise in overshooting tendencies.
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Chang, E. C., T. T. Wu, C. Y. Tsai, Y. W. Chang, and R. C. Wu. "Grey prediction-based proportional-integral controller applied to solar energy systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2631, no. 1 (2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2631/1/012002.
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Abstract Proportional-integral (PI) controller with simple architecture as well as convenient design makes it widely adopted in the control of solar energy systems. Due to partial shading as well as fault influence, the solar panels tend to be trapped at regional extremely values, attenuating the dynamic and steady-state response. For the sake of strengthening the system control effectiveness, this paper employs a grey prediction-based PI controller to attain a global maximization of the wattage pointed following in sun power plate, providing a pure sine waveform with lower percentage of total harmonic distortion, in addition to fast transience of the solar energy system output voltage. The PI performs tracking control and simultaneously the grey prediction uses a logistic grey model to accurately predict the system state as well as to adjust the PI control parameters for establishing robust system response. The results reveal that the output of the solar system can produce fast dynamics and high efficient steady-state performance, thereby supporting the theoretical validity.
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Wu, Wei, and Haw-Yuan Chang. "Output Regulation of Self-Oscillating Biosystems: Model-Based Proportional−Integral/Proportional−Integral−Derivative (PI/PID) Control Approaches." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 46, no. 12 (2007): 4282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie061314j.
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Lulu, Joseph* Sreerag. "COMPARISON OF SLIDING MODE AND PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL CONTROL FOR BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 8 (2016): 372–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59667.
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This paper will compare properties of Sliding Mode Controlled (SMC) and classical Proportional Integral (PI) controlled brushless DC motor (BLDC) in applications. It is the simple strategy required to achieve good performance in speed or position control applications. This paper addresses controlling of speed of a BLDC motor which remains among the vital issues. A BLDC motor is generally controlled by Proportional plus Integral (PI) controller. PI controller is simple but sensitive to parameter variations and external disturbance. Due to this reasons, Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is proposed in this paper. This control technique works against parameters variations and external disturbances, and also its ability in controlling linear and nonlinear systems. Performance of these controllers has been verified through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK software. The simulation results showed that SMC was a superior controller than PI controller for speed control of a BLDC motor
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M., Elgohary, Gouda E., and S. Eskander S. "Intelligent control of induction motor without speed sensor." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (2021): 715–25. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp715-725.
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This paper presents a proposed sensorless algorithm for induction motor (IM) speed control based on artificial neural networks (ANNs). The Indirect rotor field oriented (IRFO) technique is applied to control the motor. It is designed based on the proportional integral (PI) controller. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as a good solution for the problems associated with the design of the proportional integral (PI) controller gains. The PSO is compared with the conventional methods. The proposed controller (PSO-PI) is then integrated with the artificial neural network (ANN) speed estimator. The MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation of the system. The obtained simulation results for the proposed technique are very close to the actual ones.
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Intidam, Abdessamad, Hassan El Fadil, Halima Housny, et al. "Development and Experimental Implementation of Optimized PI-ANFIS Controller for Speed Control of a Brushless DC Motor in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles." Energies 16, no. 11 (2023): 4395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114395.
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This paper compares the performance of different control techniques applied to a high-performance brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The first controller is a classical proportional integral (PI) controller. In contrast, the second one is based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (proportional integral-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (PI-ANFIS) and particle swarm optimization-proportional integral-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (PSO-PI-ANFIS)). The control objective is to regulate the rotor speed to its desired reference value in the presence of load torque disturbance and parameter variations. The proposed controller uses a dSPACE platform (MicroLabBox controller board). The experimental prototype comprises a PEMFC system (the Nexa Ballard FC power generator: 1.2 kW, 52 A) and a brushless DC motor BLDC of 1 kW 1000 rpm. The PSO-PI-ANFIS controller presents better performance than the PI-ANFIS and classical PI controllers due to its ability to optimize the PI-ANFIS controller’s parameters using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This optimization results in improved tracking accuracy and reduced overshoot and settling time.
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Sulttan, Mohammed Qasim, Manal Hadi Jaber, and Salam Waley Shneen. "Proportional-integral genetic algorithm controller for stability of TCP network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (2020): 6225. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6225-6232.
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The life development and increase the number of internet users imposed an increase in data circulating on the internet network and then make the network more congestion. As a result of all this, some problems arose such as time delay in packets delivery, loss of packets, and exceed the buffer capacity for the middle routers. To overcome those problems, transmission control protocol and active queue management (TCP/AQM) have been used. AQM is the main approach used to control congestion and overcome those problems to improve network performance. This work proposes to use the proportional-integral (PI) controller with a genetic algorithm (GA) as an active queue manager for routers of the Internet. The simulation results show a good performance for managing the congestion with using proportional-integral genetic algorithm (GA-PI) controller better than the PI controller.
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Mohammed, Qasim Sulttan, Hadi Jaber Manal, and Waley Shneen Salam. "Proportional-integral genetic algorithm controller for stability of TCP network." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (2020): 6225–32. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6225-6232.
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The life development and increase the number of internet users imposed an increase in data circulating on the internet network and then make the network more congestion. As a result of all this, some problems arose such as time delay in packets delivery, loss of packets, and exceed the buffer capacity for the middle routers. To overcome those problems, transmission control protocol and active queue management (TCP/AQM) have been used. AQM is the main approach used to control congestion and overcome those problems to improve network performance. This work proposes to use the proportional-integral (PI) controller with a genetic algorithm (GA) as an active queue manager for routers of the Internet. The simulation results show a good performance for managing the congestion with using proportional- integral genetic algorithm (GA-PI) controller better than the PI controller.
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Elgohary, M., E. Gouda, and S. S. Eskander. "Intelligent control of induction motor without speed sensor." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (2021): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp715-725.
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<p>This paper presents a proposed sensorless algorithm for induction motor(IM)speed control based on artificial neural networks (ANNs).The Indirect rotor field oriented (IRFO) technique is applied to control the motor. It is designed based on the proportional-integral (PI) controller. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used as a good solution for the problems associated with the design of the proportional-integral (PI) controller gains.The PSO is compared with the conventional methods. The proposed controller (PSO-PI) is then integrated with the artificial neural network(ANN) speed estimator. The MATLAB/Simulink is used for the simulation of the system. The obtained simulation results for the proposed technique are very close to the actual ones.</p>
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John Wiselin, M. C., and Riyaz A. Rahiman. "Fixed Frequency Sliding Mode – PI Control for Single Phase Unipolar Inverters." Asian Journal of Science and Applied Technology 2, no. 2 (2013): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajsat-2013.2.2.759.
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Sliding Mode- PI controller is recognized as robust controller with a high stability in a wide range of operating conditions, although it suffers from chattering problem. In addition, it cannot be directly applied to multi switches power converters. This paper concerns a sliding controller design with the proportional-integral (PI) control form. First, a theoretical analysis of the considered sliding PI controller is provided. Our analysis reveals that the proportional control term of the sliding PI controller, i.e., sliding proportional controller, can reduce the chattering problem and thus, the robustness can be established. Second, the chattering problem is eliminated by smoothing the control law in a narrow boundary layer, and a pulse width modulator produces the fixed frequency switching law for the inverter. The smoothing procedure is based on limitation of pulse width modulator. Therefore, the chattering problem of the proportional gain is resolved and the valuable robust control property of the sliding integral controller is illustrated again. The simulation model has been developed and tested using MATLAB software.
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John Wiselin, M. C., and Riyaz.A.Rahiman. "Fixed Frequency Sliding Mode – PI Control for Single Phase Unipolar Inverters." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2013): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2013.2.2.1909.
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Sliding Mode – PI controller is recognized as robust controller with a high stability in a wide range of operating conditions, although it suffers from chattering problem. In addition, it cannot be directly applied to multi switches power converters. This paper concerns a sliding controller design with the proportional-integral (PI) control form. First, a theoretical analysis of the considered sliding PI controller is provided. Our analysis reveals that the proportional control term of the sliding PI controller, i.e., sliding proportional controller, can reduce the chattering problem and thus, the robustness can be established. Second, the chattering problem is eliminated by smoothing the control law in a narrow boundary layer, and a pulse width modulator produces the fixed frequency switching law for the inverter. The smoothing procedure is based on limitation of pulse width modulator. Therefore, the chattering problem of the proportional gain is resolved and the valuable robust control property of the sliding integral controller is illustrated again. The simulation model has been developed and tested using MATLAB software.
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Widagdo, Reza Sarwo, Balok Hariadi, and Izzah Aula Wardah. "Simulation of Speed Control on a PMSM Using a PI Controller." Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 6, no. 1 (2024): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/jjeee.v6i1.22287.
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In order to manage the speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system, a practical approach for a PI controller has been developed and put into practice in this study. The adopted approach, which also preserves the proportional integral controller's straightforward structure and features, significantly enhanced the performance of the prior proportional integral controller. The final PI controller delivers quick and precise response, strong noise rejection, and minimal sensitivity to permanent magnet synchronous motor parameter fluctuations. The findings demonstrate that the suggested controller may provide best performance in terms of accuracy, parametric variation, and load torque disturbance when entering a proportional value of 0,013 and an integral value of 16,61. The proposed method has been exhaustively tested under various circumstances. The proposed solution not only possesses attributes like simplicity and ease of implementation for real-time, but also stability and effectiveness.
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Sáez, José Francisco, and Alfonso Baños. "Reset Control of Parallel MISO Systems." Mathematics 9, no. 15 (2021): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9151823.
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The proportional–integral plus Clegg integrator (PI + CI) controller is a hybrid extension of the proportional–integral (PI) controller that is able to overcome fundamental limitations of the linear and time-invariant control systems, potentially obtaining faster responses without increasing overshooting. This work focused on the analysis and design of PI + CI controllers and reset controllers in general, for the case of parallel multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems, extending previous design methods developed for the single-input single-output (SISO) case. Several design strategies were developed: one for first-order MISO plants achieving a flat response with a finite settling time, and for second-order MISO plants obtaining a fast response with a reduced overshoot and settling time in comparison with non-hybrid strategies. Several case studies were also developed to illustrate the potential of the proposed methods.
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Thuyen, Chau Minh. "Design of PI-neural controller for hybrid active power filter." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 1 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp18-26.
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<p>This paper aims to design a control method using an adaptive controller for Hybrid Active Power Filter. The controller of designed method includes a traditional discrete Proportional Integral controller and a neural regulator. The neural regulator is used to estimate the nonlinear model of Hybrid Active Power Filter and predict an output value in the future to adjust the parameters of the traditional discrete Proportional Integral controller according to the change of load. Compared to the control method using a conventional Proportional Integral controller, the proposed controller shows the advantages of smaller compensation error and smaller total harmonic distortion and able to online control very well. The simulations have verified the effectiveness of proposed controller.</p><p> </p>
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Moraru, Dumitru, Ion Fiodorov, Bartolomeu Izvoreanu, and Irina Cojuhari. "CASCADE CONTROL ALGORITHM OF THE ROBOTIC ARM'S SERVOMOTOR." JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE 31, no. 4 (2025): 124–41. https://doi.org/10.52326/jes.utm.2024.31(4).09.
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In this paper, there have been synthesized the control algorithms in cascade control systems. The control object is the robotic arm which is actuated by a servo motor presented as an automatic cascade control system which is consisting of two loops. The use of multiple loops is justified by the fact that with a single loop, only one parameter of the servo motor is controlled, which leads to a decrease in the reliability of the automatic system. A case study was carried out for a direct current electric motor, where proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithms were used, with P and PI applied to the inner loop, and P, PI, and PID to the outer loop. The system was simulated with the synthesized algorithms and the results were analyzed, it was established that the system has robustness and high performance for the case of using maximum stability degree method with iterations.
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Ba, Xin, Xiao Hui Luo, Xu Feng Zhao, and Yu Quan Zhu. "PI Control of Proportional Valve-Cylinder Water Hydraulic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 977–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.977.
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Water hydraulic components have been developed rapidly in recent years. However many problems such as low lubricity and leakage limited the performance of them, especially water proportional valves. A proportional valve- hydraulic cylinder system with tap water as working medium is chosen as object to investigate the performance of water hydraulic system. With regarding to the weaknesses of the selected 4/3 proportional valve including lag, dead zone and nonlinearity, an integral separation PI arithmetic based close-loop controller is developed. Experiments results verified the electro-hydraulic proportional system of fast response speed and high accuracy.
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Özdemir, Ayhan, and Zekiye Erdem. "Double-loop PI controller design of the DC-DC boost converter with a proposed approach for calculation of the controller parameters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 232, no. 2 (2017): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651817740006.
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Parameters of digital proportional–integral/proportional–integral–derivative controllers are usually calculated using commonly known conventional methods or solution of discrete-time equations. In literature, a model-based compact form formulation for calculation of discrete-time proportional–integral/proportional–integral–derivative controller parameters has not been come across yet. The proposed model-based compact form formulations are introduced to calculate the proportional–integral parameters in discrete time as a new approach. Generally, different types of control techniques are chosen in similar studies for double-loop control for direct current–direct current boost converter control except proportional–integral/proportional–integral. In this study, double-loop proportional–integral controller is used as a different control method from literature. By this way, the most important advantages of the proposed study are to reduce different design methods to a unique proportional–integral design method and shorten all calculations. The accuracy of the double-loop proportional–integral controller’s parameters calculated using the model-based compact form formulations is validated both in simulation and experimental studies under various disturbance effects. Satisfactory performance of the proposed controller under model uncertainty and other cases are comparatively shown with the predefined performance criteria.
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Ayop, Razman, Chee Wei Tan, Shahrin Md Ayob, Nik Din Muhamad, Jasrul Jamani Jamian, and Zulkarnain Ahmad Noorden. "Photovoltaic emulator using error adjustment fuzzy logic proportional-integral controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 2 (2022): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp1111-1118.
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The photovoltaic (PV) technology has been increasingly used in our energy generation. Therefore, it is essential to have a good PV testing facility during the development process. The PV emulator (PVE) is a voltage or current source that mimic the current-voltage characteristic as a PV module that requires proper control strategy to work. The resistance feedback method (RFM) control strategy has many good attributes, except the transient response, which is caused by the proportional-integral (PI) controller. This paper proposed a new fuzzy logic PI (FLPI) controller to improve the transient performance of the RFM PVE. It is based on the error adjustment method that founded on the transient state and load of the PVE. The performance of the proposed PVE is compared with the original PVE that used RFM with the PI controller. The finding of the research shows that the transient performance of the proposed PVE has improved 2.3 times compared to the original PVE without affecting its accuracy.
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Razman, Ayop, Wei Tan Chee, Md Ayob Shahrin, Din Muhamad Nik, Jamani Jamian Jasrul, and Ahmad Noorden Zulkarnain. "Photovoltaic emulator using error adjustment fuzzy logic proportional-integral controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, no. 2 (2022): 1111–18. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp1111-1118.
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The photovoltaic (PV) technology has been increasingly used in our energy generation. Therefore, it is essential to have a good PV testing facility during the development process. The PV emulator (PVE) is a voltage or current source that mimic the current-voltage characteristic as a PV module that requires proper control strategy to work. The resistance feedback method (RFM) control strategy has many good attributes, except the transient response, which is caused by the proportional-integral (PI) controller. This paper proposed a new fuzzy logic PI (FLPI) controller to improve the transient performance of the RFM PVE. It is based on the error adjustment method that founded on the transient state and load of the PVE. The performance of the proposed PVE is compared with the original PVE that used RFM with the PI controller. The finding of the research shows that the transient performance of the proposed PVE has improved 2.3 times compared to the original PVE without affecting its accuracy.
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Muddenahalli Narasimhaiah, Divya, Chikkajala Krishnappa Narayanappa, and Gangadharaiah Soralamavu Lakshmaiah. "Hybrid controller design using gain scheduling approach for compressor systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (2022): 3051. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp3051-3060.
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<span>The automatic control system plays a crucial role in industries for controlling the process operations. The automatic control system provides a safe and proper controlling mechanism to avoid environmental and quality problems. The control system controls pressure flow, mass flow, speed control, and other process metrics and solves robustness and stability issues. In this manuscript, The Hybrid controller approach like proportional integral (PI) and proportional derivative (PD) based fuzzy logic controller (FLC) using with and without gain scheduling approach is modeled for the compressor to improve the robustness and error response control mechanism. The PI/PD-based FLC system includes step input function, the PI/PD controller, FLC with a closed-loop mechanism, and gain scheduler. The error signals and control response outputs are analyzed in detail for PI/PD-based FLC’s and compared with conventional PD/PID controllers. The PD-based FLC with the Gain scheduling approach consumes less overshoot time of 74% than the PD-based FLC without gain scheduling approach. The PD-based FLC with the gain scheduling approach produces less error response in terms of 7.9% in integral time absolute error (ITAE), 7.4% in integral absolute error (IAE), and 16% in integral square error (ISE) than PD based FLC without gain scheduling approach.</span>
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Divya, Muddenahalli Narasimhaiah, Krishnappa Narayanappa Chikkajala, and Soralamavu Lakshmaiah Gangadharaiah. "Hybrid controller design using gain scheduling approach for compressor systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (2022): 3051–60. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp3051-3060.
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The automatic control system plays a crucial role in industries for controlling the process operations. The automatic control system provides a safe and proper controlling mechanism to avoid environmental and quality problems. The control system controls pressure flow, mass flow, speed control, and other process metrics and solves robustness and stability issues. In this manuscript, The Hybrid controller approach like proportional integral (PI) and proportional derivative (PD) based fuzzy logic controller (FLC) using with and without gain scheduling approach is modeled for the compressor to improve the robustness and error response control mechanism. The PI/PD-based FLC system includes step input function, the PI/PD controller, FLC with a closed-loop mechanism, and gain scheduler. The error signals and control response outputs are analyzed in detail for PI/PD-based FLC’s and compared with conventional PD/PID controllers. The PD-based FLC with the Gain scheduling approach consumes less overshoot time of 74% than the PD-based FLC without gain scheduling approach. The PD-based FLC with the gain scheduling approach produces less error response in terms of 7.9% in integral time absolute error (ITAE), 7.4% in integral absolute error (IAE), and 16% in integral square error (ISE) than PD based FLC without gain scheduling approach.
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Fodil, Malika, Ali Djerioui, Mohamed Ladjal, et al. "Optimization of PI Controller Parameters by GWO Algorithm for Five-Phase Asynchronous Motor." Energies 16, no. 10 (2023): 4251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104251.
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Operation at low speed and high torque can lead to the generation of strong ripples in the speed, which can deteriorate the system. To reduce the speed oscillations when operating a five-phase asynchronous motor at low speed, in this article, we propose a control method based on Gray Wolf optimization (GWO) algorithms to adjust the parameters of proportional–integral (PI) controllers. Proportional–integral controllers are commonly used in control systems to regulate the speed and current of a motor. The controller parameters, such as the integral gain and proportional gain, can be adjusted to improve the control performance. Specifically, reducing the integral gain can help reduce the oscillations at low speeds. The proportional–integral controller is insensitive to parametric variations; however, when we employ a GWO optimization strategy based on PI controller parameters, and when we choose gains wisely, the system becomes more reliable. The obtained results show that the hybrid control of the five-phase induction motor (IM) offers high performance in the permanent and transient states. In addition, with this proposed strategy controller, disturbances do not affect motor performance.
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Sapna, P. Fathima. "Load Frequency Control of Thermal Power System by using Extended PI & FLC." International Academic Journal of Innovative Research 8, no. 2 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajir/v8i2/iajir0803.
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The Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of interconnected reheat thermal systems employing Proportional- Integral (PI) and extended Proportional- Integral (extended PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers is described in this study (FLC). In the past, the extended PI controller was utilised to reduce peak overshoot and settling time inaccuracy. Even with the consideration of non-linearity Generation Rate Constraint, the action of this controller gives satisfactory operation when compared to the PI scheme (GRC). The fading factor plays a big role in this extended PI controller. The fading factor value should be carefully set, as it has a significant impact on control performance. In order to avoid this flaw, the system employs a Fuzzy Logic Controller. In the presence of a Generation Rate Constraint (GRC), the performance of FLC was compared to that of PI and extended PI control. The performance of the system is evaluated with a 1% step load perturbation in each direction.
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Ayten, Kagan Koray, Ahmet Dumlu, Sadrettin Golcugezli, Emre Tusik, and Gurkan Kalınay. "Comparative Real-Time Study of Three Enhanced Control Strategies Applied to Dynamic Process Systems." Applied Sciences 14, no. 21 (2024): 9955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14219955.
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In this study, a comparative analysis of three different control methods for precise, real-time control of a complex dynamic double-tank liquid level process system was performed. Since the system in question has a time-delayed structure, feedforward proportional integral (FF-PI) control and cascaded nonlinear feedforward proportional integral delayed (CNPIR) controllers were tested on the process system. While the FF-PI controller improved the response time of the system, it showed limitations in handling external disturbances and nonlinearities. On the other hand, the CNPIR controller showed better improvements in control accuracy and lower overshoot compared to the FF-PI controller. Since the process system has a nonlinear model and is affected by external disturbances, these two controllers were inadequate in this study when compared to the fractional order adaptive proportional integral derivative sliding mode controller (FO-APIDSMC). The FO-APIDSMC controller provided fairly good performance in both tracking accuracy and disturbance rejection control for non-chattering, fast finite-time convergence, increased robustness, and uncertain dynamic processes. Experimental results reveal that the FO-APIDSMC controller achieves superior minimized tracking error and outperforms the FF-PI and CNPIR controllers by effectively handling uncertainties and external disturbances.
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Yang, Zishuo. "Simulation Of Startup Speed of DC Motor Using PI And PID Control." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 71 (November 28, 2023): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v71i.12447.
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Proportional-Integral (PI) control and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control have found widespread application across various disciplines. This article focuses on the impact of PI and PID control on the startup speed of the Direct-Current (DC) motor. By setting up a simulation circuit and simulation module, the gain parameters of the control module are adjusted to obtain different output results. The simulation circuit will involve the DC motor, the control module, and the desired speed input. By adjusting the gain parameters of the control module, the behavior of the motor's startup speed can be simulated and observed. For PI control, increasing both the proportional gain and the integral gain proportionally can lead to shorter settling time and smaller overshoot in the output response. For PID control, increasing the derivative gain can significantly reduce the settling time without causing a significant change in the overshoot. When comparing PI and PID controllers, the addition of the derivative term can improve the output performance. By simulating different control modules and adjusting the gains, it is possible to qualitatively identify controllers with better control performance and more suitable gain parameters. This provides insights for the future design and application of DC motor control modules.
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Singh, Yaduvir, Darshan Singh, and Dalveer Kaur. "Performance Comparison of PI and Fuzzy-PI Logic Speed Control of Induction Motor." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 3 (2013): 400–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v6i3.4464.
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Single-phase induction motors are also used extensively for smaller loads. Speed control of induction motor has beenimplemented using PI (Proportional-Integral) controller and Fuzzy PI controller in Simulink MATLAB. The results showthat induction motor Fuzzy-PI speed control method results in a quicker response with no overshoot than the conventional PI controller. The settling time of induction motor Fuzzy-PI speed is better than the conventional PI controller. The integral time of weighted absolute error (ITEA) performance criteria also shows that the induction motor Fuzzy-PI speed control has better performance. Moreover, the induction motor Fuzzy-PI speed control has a strong ability to adapt to the significant change of system parameters.
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Parida, Shubhranshu Mohan, Subhashree Choudhury, Pravat Kumar Rout, and Sanjeeb Kumar Kar. "A new self-adjusting PI controller for power control in a wind turbine generator." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 3 (2018): 362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2017-0323.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel self-adjusting proportional integral (SA-PI) controller, for controlling the active and reactive power of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) when subjected to variable wind speed and parameter variations. Design/methodology/approach The proportional and integral gains of the proposed SA-PI controller are based on tan-hyperbolic function and adjust themselves automatically within pre-fixed limits according to the error occurring during transient situations. Findings The proposed SA-PI controller is able to evade the problems usually encountered while using a constant gain PI controller, such as lack of robustness, adaptability and a wide range of operation. It also damps out system oscillations faster with reduced settling time and fewer overshoots. Originality/value Simulation results and comparative studies with conventional PI controller and the differential evolution–optimized PI (DE-PI) controller reveal the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. MATLAB is used to perform the simulation studies.
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AL-ZUBAIDI, Anas Mahdi, and Galip CANSEVER. "A MODIFIED SALP SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM BASED ON THE LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL OF MULTIPLE-SOURCE POWER SYSTEM." AURUM Journal of Engineering Systems and Architecture 7, no. 1 (2023): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53600/ajesa.1321186.
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This work proposes a modified Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithm (SSA) for addressing a multi-source power state's Load Frequency Control (LFC). A controller parameter tuning of the SSA method and its application to the LFC of a multi-source power system with several power generating sources. Derive to the controller parameters, a single area telecommunications device that permits two power system with integrated controlles according to each unit is considered first, and the SSA approach is used. The tunned SSA algorithm is used to optimize the integral (I), proportional integral (PI), and proportional integral derivative (PID) parameters. The research is expanded to include a multi-area multi-source power system, as well as an HVDC link is proposed for connectivity of two regions in addition to the current AC point of intersection. This same tunned SSA method is used to improve the parameters of the Integral (I), Proportional Integral (PI), and Proportional - integral - derivative Derivative (PID). Consequently, the suggested system is shown to be resilient and unaffected by changes of the loading situation, system parameters, or SLP size.
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Hamlah Nadela Ilif Baridatul Jannah and Herman Hariyadi. "Implementasi Kontrol Proportional - Integral Pada Bidirectional Converter Untuk Sistem Pengisian Baterai Turbin Angin." Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 2, no. 01 (2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v2i01.194.
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The level of demand for electrical energy in Indonesia is currently getting higher and will continue with the increase in population so that it is required to conduct research in the field of renewable energy. To be able to support renewable energy research, a switching circuit is needed for the battery charging system. The switching circuit used is a converter bidirectional circuit controlled by an Arduino Uno microcontroller based on PI (Proportional-Integral) control. PI control functions to regulate the voltage so that it has a stable output voltage value. From the research results of the Konverter bidirectional circuit, using trial and error control constants Kp: 2,6 and Ki: 5,6, it was found that the battery charging time was obtained with an initial voltage of 22.9 Volt to 24 Volt battery without using PI control, which was 6 hours 57 minutes, whereas if using the PI control with Kp: 2,6 and Ki: 5,6 with the initial battery voltage of 22.9 Volt to 24 Volt, the battery charging becomes faster, which is 2 hours 45 minutes.
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Hu, Feng-Rung, and Jia-Sheng Hu. "Pole placement design of proportional-integral observer with stochastic perturbations." Engineering Computations 33, no. 6 (2016): 1729–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-08-2015-0243.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a proportional-integral (PI) observer design on a linear system with stochastic noises. Design/methodology/approach – The noised disturbances are modeled as independent Brownian motions for various affections, such as radiation, heat, and material fatigue. These phenomena are common in applications, such as biomolecules, nonlinear control, and biochemical networks. Under this framework, this paper proposes a new approach on a PI observer in terms of four crucial theorems, and an illustrative numerical example is given to verify the proposed design. Findings – The results provide potential solutions for system fault tolerance and isolation. Originality/value – This paper proposes a design, solvability, and controllability analysis on a PI observer in terms of four crucial theorems.
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Liu, Yi Duo, Chun Yang Wang, Ming Qiu Li, Cheng Jun Tian, and Duan Yuan Bai. "Fuzzy Fractional Order Proportional Integral Controllers for UAV Lateral Attitude Control System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1609.
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This article is based on the theory of fractional calculus control, and put forward a kind of fractional order PI controller design method for lateral attitude control system of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) model. And the unit step response of the control system is analyzed in the simulation to improve the UAV flight control system stability and robustness. Use the controller parameter tuning method and combined with fuzzy reasoning to design IOPID controller, FOPI controller and fuzzy fractional order PI controller. Then, by exploiting Matlab, the frequency domain response and unit step response characteristics of the different control systems can be plotted. The results verified that the designed fuzzy fractional order controller for the attitude control system is effective.
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Laksono, Heru Dibyo, and Rohadatul ‘Aisya. "Frequency Domain Analysis of Load Frequency Control Using PIDTune Model Standard." Andalas Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technology 3, no. 1 (2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajeeet.v3i1.38.
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The load frequency control system aims to regulate the frequency in the electric power system at a normal value with a predetermined tolerance limit. In practice, the load frequency control system does not always operate optimally, therefore a controller is needed to be added to the load frequency control system. The controller designed is a variation of the combination of Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) controllers with the standard model PIDTune method consisting of proportional (P) controller, proportional integral (PI) controller, proportional differential (PD) controller, Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller, Proportional Differential controller with first-order filter on differential section (PDF), and Proportional Integral Differential controller with first-order filter on differential section (PIDF). This study is aiming to carry out simulation and analysis in the frequency domain and then analyze the robustness of the reheat type power frequency control system and then design a PID controller for the reheat type power frequency control system in basic configuration, filter configuration, feedback configuration, feedforward configuration, and cascade configuration using PIDtune Model Standard on Matlab software. From the results of simulation and analysis, the controller that complies the design criteria and can make the reheat type of load frequency control system work optimally based on frequency domain analysis and robustness analysis is a proportional-integral (PI) controller in a feedback configuration with gain margin (Kg) equals to 38.11 dB, phase margin equals to 59.6°, infinity bandwidth, peak resonance value (Mr) equals to 1.19, maximum sensitivity peak value (MS) equals to 1.24, and complementary maximum sensitivity peak value (MT) equals to 1,17.
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Wong, Kah Kit, Choon Lih Hoo, and Mohd Hardie Hidayat Mohyi. "Evaluation of SIPIC01 and SIPIC02 on Motor Speed Control." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202010.
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Due to its simplicity, Proportional-Integral (PI) controller still remains as the widely used controller for motor speed control system. However, PI controller exhibits windup phenomenon when the motor operates in a saturated state, which may cause degradation to the control system. In order to overcome the windup phenomenon, many researches have introduced various types of anti-windup methods such as the Conditioning Technique (CI), Tracking Back Calculation (TBC), Integral State Prediction (ISP), Steady-state Integral Proportional Integral Controller-01 (SIPIC01) and Steady-state Integral Proportional Integral Controller-02 (SIPIC02). These are anti-windup techniques with integral control switching mechanism, coupling of proportional gain, kp, and integral gain, ki. Due to the coupled kp and ki, tuning motor performance is a difficult task with short settling time without experiencing overshoot. SIPIC01 and SIPIC02 are robust anti-windup methods without a switching mechanism and exhibit decoupling feature. SIPIC01 and SIPIC02 have shown better dynamic performance compared to CI, TBC and ISP. However, SIPIC01 has not been compared to SIPIC02 in terms of their decoupling effect flexibility and dynamic performance. The decoupling effect was verified using MATLAB simulation, while the performance analysis was verified through hardware simulation and testing by using Scilab. The results obtained from the simulation showed that both SIPIC01 and SIPIC02 consist of decoupling features that allow a performance with coexistence of zero or minimum overshoot with short settling time. However, SIPIC02 consists of longer rise and settling time as compared to SIPIC01. Therefore, it can be concluded that SIPIC01 is better than SIPIC02 in term of dynamic performance.
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Yousef, Ali Mohamed, Farag K. Abo-Elyousr, Ahmed Elnozohy, Moayed Mohamed, and Saad A. Mohamed Abdelwahab. "Fractional Order PI Control in Hybrid Renewable Power Generation System to Three Phase Grid Connection." International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 3 (2020): 470–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2020.12.3.5.
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The main objective of this paper is to allow renewable energy sources (RES) to actively participate within hybrid microgrid by proposing a new control system based on fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller. Fractional order proportional integral controller is a classical proportional integral (PI) in which the integral part is a fraction instead of integer numbers. The paper introduces a hybrid photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine and battery storage system connected to a three-phase grid. Three types of controller are considered and compared for a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), namely, FOPI, PI, and the fractional order integral control (FIC). For the PV resource, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller was designed using the incremental conductance plus integral regulator technique. A DC/DC boost converter was utilized to connect the renewable energy resources to a point of common coupling. MATLAB/Simulink is adopted to perform the simulation results of the developed HRES. The results show that the FOPI controller outperforms other controllers under several operating conditions. The paper also includes experimental results from a prototype real scale.
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Suman, Santosh Kumar. "PI, PID Controllers with Performance Index for Speed Control of DC Motor." COMPUSOFT: An International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology 05, no. 12 (2016): 2241–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14802607.
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DC motor plays an important role in industry and domestic application. Thus, the speed control of DC shunt motor is a prime task. This paper gives a comparison of the performance of conventional proportional integral (PI) and proportional integral derivative (PID) for speed control of DC shunt motor. investigated for speed control of DC motor. At the start PID controller parameters for different tuning techniques are involved and then applied to the DC motor model for motion (speed) control. Simulation results are display, using these controllers, objective of this paper, the performance of a choose dc motor controlled by a proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller is below the similar transient conditions and performances are compared.