Relevant bibliographies by topics / Proportionate assessments

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Proportionate assessments'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Proportionate assessments"

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Stanley, Ian H., Skip Simpson, Hal S. Wortzel, and Thomas E. Joiner. "Documenting suicide risk assessments and proportionate clinical actions to improve patient safety and mitigate legal risk." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 37, no. 3 (2019): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2409.

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Roychowdhury, Ashimesh. "Mental capacity assessments in secure care: an unnecessary complication?" Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 12 (2009): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.020115.

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SummaryThis is a review of the key criteria and implications of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 for patients in forensic care detained under the Mental Health Act 1983. Both Acts were amended by the Mental Health Act 2007 and its subsequent Code of Practice; the impact of these changes will be explored here. Through review of the Code of Practice and hypothetical clinical scenarios, I argue that capacity judgements in mental disorder are inherently complex, unreliable and inextricably linked to risk assessment, and that an overemphasis on capacity when making decisions about patient management in secure care can paradoxically obscure the more central issue of risk and proportionality. the key clinical implication is a call for secure services to be balanced in how they adopt best practice principles from the new Mental Capacity Act so that the spirit of the Act, such as valuing patient autonomy, is preserved and that the debate about what practices in secure care are truly proportionate and justified remains at the forefront of clinical thinking.
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Krinochkina, Olga. "Risk assessment of the potential ecological and geochemical hazard of the functioning of mining complexes." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913501050.

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The aim of this work is to present a methodology for assessing the potential ecological and geochemical hazard of environmental pollution during the creation of new and functioning of existing mining complexes using the example of studying representative objects. The objects were selected according to the principle of the most saturated deposits, which serve as the core of mining complexes, toxic elements and the scale of mineralization, i.e. reserves of the deposits themselves. The methodology for assessing potential ecological and geochemical hazards is based on the following three principles: hierarchical approach; significance of the assessments; objectivity of information. The first involves the comparison of proportionate units, because the calculation of risk is carried out in points. The significance of the assessments was achieved by using those factors that can have a significant impact on the environment during the development of the deposit and determine the degree of sustainability of the natural environment when exploration territories. The objectivity of information was achieved by using the necessary and sufficient number of factors for assessing the risk of exploration and development of deposits and a significant amount of data obtained from the results of ecological and geochemical work with appropriate metrological support and laboratory analytical studies only in accredited centers. The methodology involves taking into account the totality of natural and technogenic environmental impact factors when developing solid mineral deposits, ranking them by importance and actually their integral assessment. As a result of the study of a large number of mining objects, according to our own and published data, by the method of expert assessments, the main factors of the influence of the developed deposits on the environment located in various natural conditions were established. Among these factors, 4 groups are distinguished: mineralogenic, landscape, hydrogeological and technogenic.
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Kipkech, Fancy J., Stanley M. Makindi, and Joseph Juma. "Monitoring strategies on patient safety practices among healthcare providers at Nakuru county referral hospital, Kenya." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (2020): 2938. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203366.

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Background: Quality care is achieved through combined efforts which include integration of all the components within the healthcare delivery system. Patient safety is one of the dimensions of enhancing quality healthcare. It involves increasing the awareness about the errors made due to human factors in the process of delivering healthcare services that may lead to harm and other adverse effects.Methods: This study was on assessment of monitoring strategies on patient safety practices among healthcare providers at Nakuru County Referral Hospital, Kenya. The study was anchored on Donabedian model for assessment of quality of care. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sampling technique was purposive, stratified random sampling and proportionate with a sample size of 310 healthcare providers drawn from various departments. Data collection tools were questionnaire, interview schedule and observational checklist. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics (mean, mode and standard deviation).Results: The results of the study indicated and concluded that there is adherence to standardized clinical care protocols and guidelines as well as continuous and constant surveillance with clear assessments and evaluation of patient safety practices, accurate collection, storage, analysis and sharing of information on patient safety issues.Conclusions: The paper recommends the need for policy reviews on healthcare so as to ensure that patient safety issues are reviewed so as to mitigate risks in handling patients. There is need to establish clear guidelines on monitoring and evaluation standards of patient safety practices.
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ABDALLAH, Jaber, and Siham JIBAI. "WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP: GENDER PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SKILLS." Business Excellence and Management 10, no. 1 (2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/beman/2020.10.1-01.

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The relevance of the present paper is the set of assessments and analysis of the existing situation regarding the positioning of women in the structures of power and responsibility. Our current approach is based on the analysis of the women's manager profile and the leadership styles adopted by women. Based on an extensive literature review of the articles, books and the research undertaken to date, the article presents a series of differences that appear between a business woman and a business man. It also includes a characterization of the main obstacles a woman has to overcome in an organization and provides solutions for promoting more women in management positions. By investigating personality traits, we wanted to show that leadership skills are not the focus of a single gender. There is more and more evidence that achieving a gender balance and varied and diverse management teams proportionate to all levels in a hierarchy will automatically produce positive results, which will only bring performances to organizations.
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Coleman, Mathew, and Kelly Ridley. "The Youth Stream: evaluating the transition to a new model of care at a regional health service." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 6 (2019): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219852287.

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Objective: To determine what benefits and challenges are associated with a cost-neutral organisational change within a rural Community Mental Health Service from a Traditional Care model to a Youth Stream model. Method: Retrospective descriptive analysis of the last 18 months of the Traditional Care model and first 18 months of the Youth Stream model. Results: There was a 17% increase in the number of referrals once the service moved to a Youth Stream model. The increased referral numbers did not lead to a proportionate increase in the number of service contacts, but rather more single assessments were performed. The increased engagement was not reflected across all demographics, with vulnerable youth groups continuing to have below average engagement. Key aspects of data that would allow for further analysis by diagnosis and illness severity were missing from the dataset. Conclusions Cost-neutral changes to services can create change, if that change is based on need identified within the service. As much care needs to be taken with data entry and evaluation if the service is aiming to perform a retrospective analysis.
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Bouchagiar, George. "The Long Road Toward Tracking the Trackers and De-biasing: A Consensus on Shaking the Black Box and Freeing From Bias." Review of European Studies 11, no. 1 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n1p27.

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Automated decision making is both promising and threatening. Processing the biggest data possible may lead to societal advances but also violate human rights. There is, then, an acute need to protect individuals without impeding major benefits. Non-human agents may be biased; and they may not lend themselves to easy explanations. Instead of focusing on interpreting models, there seems to be a shift toward a concept of risk assessments. Opaque systems are aimed at predicting, or forecasting, future situations. This challenges human values and ethical principles. Even though incorporating ethics in machines is an old subject of legal discussion, consensus has not yet been reached; for theories and values may be controversial. This paper examines whether there could be an agreement on fundamental principles. A commonly understood basis could allow for fair and proportionate mechanisms to address crucial aspects of partiality and opacity in automated decision making. It could trigger a shift toward a concept of ‘tracking the trackers’ and a discussion on a ‘right to an unbiased decision maker’.
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Annisa, Listia, and Fatma Lestari. "Safety Climate Survey Among Employees in a Feminine Care Products Manufacturing Company." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat 12, no. 2 (2021): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26553/jikm.2021.12.1.164-180.

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Manufacturing and construction companies are significant contributors to most accidents in Indonesia. Accident frequency rate (AFR) can be reduced by adopting an appropriate management system, technical approach, and safety culture at the workplace. Employees' perception of Work Safety culture is the key to success in minimizing AFR. A survey of employees' perception of safety can identify their reality concerning the Safety Climate at their workplace. The study aimed to observe Safety Climate through a survey of employees' perception on the dimensions of management commitment, safety communication, safety rules and procedures, supportive environment, personal safety involvement and needs, and safety training. The study discusses possible ways to improve the safety climate in their organization and provides feedback to maintain and improve it. A mixed-methods descriptive design was used for this study. The sample size was determined using the Slovin formula and the sample selection using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling method. The survey was conducted on 156 employees using a questionnaire model with a personal approach to all levels of employees in a feminine care products manufacturing company. The survey result was analyzed quantitatively through assessments on questionnaires and qualitatively through employees' comments. The study found employees' perception of safety climate to be at a reasonable level. The management commitment dimension in this study has the best assessment result. The analysis results showed that the active role of the leadership, strong safety values to build employee interaction, employee involvement and investment in training programs for employees were critical keys to the successful implementation of Occupational Safety.
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Ghimire, B., K. Bhujel, and K. Rijal. "Fire hazard zonation of Bardia National Park, Nepal: A disaster preparedness approach." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 2 (December 8, 2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v2i0.22738.

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This study was focused to prepare fire hazard map of Bardia National Park (BNP) through fire hazard zonation model. BNP is located at western Terai (lowland plains) of Nepal. The model was prepared by using four sub-models. The sub-models were prepared by considering nine parameters selected on the basis of their significance in fire risk assessments and their data availability. Remotely sensed data and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used during model preparation and validation process. The output map from the model was validated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fire points (2001- May 2014) within BNP. Very high fire risk areas were identified along southern boundary; Northeast and Northwest part of the park covering about 5% of the park area. Similarly, about 31% of the park area was identified as high risk zone and 31.43% area of BNP was identified as medium risk zone. MODIS active fire data was very useful for validation process that showed proportionate result with the area coverage of predicted risk classes. The validation result suggests that this prepared model can be used to prepare fire hazard zonation maps and preparedness plans of areas similar to BNP. The plans to prevent and control wildfire in BNP should be focused on high risk areas through preparedness initiatives, awareness activities and capacity building of fire fighting team. Reducing surface fuel load and fuel continuity during pre-fire season (Dec-Feb) in general and particularly during February shall reduce fire occurrences and its damage to a great extent.
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Desai, Sapna, Madhavi Misra, Aikantika Das, et al. "Community interventions with women’s groups to improve women’s and children’s health in India: a mixed-methods systematic review of effects, enablers and barriers." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (2020): e003304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003304.

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IntroductionIndia is home to over 6 million women’s groups, including self-help groups. There has been no evidence synthesis on whether and how such groups improve women’s and children’s health.MethodsWe did a mixed-methods systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies on women’s groups in India to examine effects on women and children’s health and to identify enablers and barriers to achieving outcomes. We searched 10 databases and included studies published in English from 2000 to 2019 measuring health knowledge, behaviours or outcomes. Our study population included adult women and children under 5 years. We appraised studies using standard risk of bias assessments. We compared intervention effects by level of community participation, scope of capability strengthening (individual, group or community), type of women’s group and social and behaviour change techniques employed. We synthesised quantitative and qualitative studies to identify barriers and enablers related to context, intervention design and implementation, and outcome characteristics.FindingsWe screened 21 380 studies and included 99: 19 randomised controlled trial reports, 25 quasi-experimental study reports and 55 non-experimental studies (27 quantitative and 28 qualitative). Experimental studies provided moderate-quality evidence that health interventions with women’s groups can improve perinatal practices, neonatal survival, immunisation rates and women’s and children’s dietary diversity, and help control vector-borne diseases. Evidence of positive effects was strongest for community mobilisation interventions that built communities’ capabilities and went beyond sharing information. Key enablers were inclusion of vulnerable community members, outcomes that could be reasonably expected to change through community interventions and intensity proportionate to ambition. Barriers included limited time or focus on health, outcomes not relevant to group members and health system constraints.ConclusionInterventions with women’s groups can improve women’s and children’s health in India. The most effective interventions go beyond using groups to disseminate health information and seek to build communities’ capabilities.Trial registration numberThe review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42019130633.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proportionate assessments"

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Sucur, Predrag. "Religionsutövning i arbetslivet : Ett nyanserat perspektiv på hur religiösa intressen kan tillvaratas på den svenska arbetsmarknaden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34725.

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The aim of this essay is to investigate how a demarcation is made between employees’ right to religious freedom next to employers’ interest in running their enterprise in an efficient way. Case law shows that the Arrowsmith-principle forum internum and forum externum could be used when a demarcation has to be made. Furthermore, case law shows that that the employee—when accepting a contract of employment—have accepted certain restrictions of his or her religious freedom. When the employee later on isn’t willing to fulfill duties stated in the contract—due to his or her religious beliefs—it has been defined as labor refusal. However, it seems as though The Court has come to develop a nuanced view on the matter, arguing in the case of Eweida v the United Kingdom for restrictions—when made on employee’s freedom of religion—to be proportionate. Case law further shows that religious beliefs are not protected when they’re challenging other fundamental rights such as protection from discrimination due to sexual orientation. Conflict has surfaced when religious employees were unable to shake hands with employers of the opposite sex, asked for time to pray during working hours and requested to wear a headscarf or a turban at work. The essay also investigates the Swedish legal case ”handskakningsfallet” where the religious manifestation was decided on the basis of direct discrimination. However, the essay finds strong reasons for such manifestations to be assessed in relation to indirect discrimination, which would enable for proportionate assessments. Furthermore, such assessments would pave way for fair and correct judgements when investigating if one has been discriminated or not.   Lastly the essay highlights the importance of making such proportionate assessment stated above when deciding if religious interests should be protected or not on the labour market to enable a fair balance between all interests.<br>Uppsatsen undersöker hur gränsdragningen görs när arbetstagare vill nyttja sin religionsfrihet i relation till arbetsgivares intresse att på ett effektivt sätt leda och fördela arbetet. Arrowsmith-principen vad gäller forum internum och externum kan användas vägledande vid sådana gränsdragningar. Rättspraxis visar vidare att anställningsavtalet tillmäts stor betydelse och att arbetstagaren vid ingående av avtal får anses sig ha underkastat sig de regler och krav avtalet ställer. När arbetstagaren sålunda har vägrat att utföra de arbetsuppgifter som faller inom ramen för anställningen med hänvisning till sin religiösa tro har detta bedömts vara arbetsvägran. Europadomstolen synes dock ha utvecklat en mer nyanserad syn i frågan och motiverar i fallet Eweida mot Storbritannien för vikten av en proportionalitetsbedömning när religionsfriheten begränsas i anställningsförhållandet. Vidare visar rättspraxis att religiösa åskådningar inte skyddas när de utmanar andra mänskliga rättigheter, såsom exempelvis skyddet mot diskriminering p.g.a. sexuell läggning.  Konflikt har uppstått när religiösa arbetstagare inte kunnat ta arbetsgivare av det motsatta könet i hand, velat be på arbetstid samt velat bära slöja eller turban på arbetsplatsen. Uppsatsen undersöker också ”handskakningsfallet” och övervägande skäl talar för att frågan om religiösa manifestationer torde bedömas utifrån indirekt diskriminering. Proportionalitetsbedömningar torde på ett rättvist och korrekt sätt avgöra om diskriminering ligger för handen eller inte.  Avslutningsvis betonar uppsatsen vikten av proportionalitetsbedömningar i varje enskilt fall för att avgöra om religiösa intressen ska skyddas respektive inte skyddas på arbetsmarknaden för att sålunda uppnå en balans mellan samtliga intressen.
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Bruun, Oyvind Aleksander. "Fatigue Assessment of Components Subjected to Non-Proportional Stress Histories." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24138.

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The fatigue assessment of components subjected to complex loading histories is a challenging topic. Several criteria intended for use under multiaxial stress-states and non-proportional loading have been proposed by many researchers throughout the years. This thesis is intended as a critical review of the fatigue assessment of both proportional and non-proportional stress histories. A database consisting of 268 experimental tests for biaxial fatigue limits were collected from various sources. The compiled database spans 20 materials, ranging from carbon steels to cast irons. The data were evaluated using five multiaxial fatigue criteria and two separate assessment methods. The first assessment method is here described as the proportional-method, which is the assessment of relevant stress-values based on extreme values occurring throughout a cycle. The second method, here simply called the ASME-method, is heavily inspired by the ASME-criterion as stated by the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code. The latter method determines the relevant stress values based on relative differences in stress components over time. In addition to the fatigue test data, a stress cycle provided from the industry is examined and discussed.The lack of readily available fatigue test data for validating purposes is a serious concern that is discussed here. The database provided in the appendix is intended to partially remedy this, and serve as a starting point for future research. A comparison of predictions, both criteria- and methodology-wise is also provided. The results and findings are then critically discussed. The research shows that the predictability of a fatigue criterion depends on both material and stress-state. For brittle materials such as the cast irons included in the assessment, the normal stress criterion provides excellent results. For carbon and low alloy steels, as well as the aluminium alloy 76S-T61, shear stress criteria such as Findley yield more accurate predictions. The ASME-method increases the complexity of the fatigue assessment, but is shown to have a positive effect on predictions for the Findley criterion.
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Strohl, Brandon A. "Empirical Assessment of the Iterative Proportional Fitting Method for Estimating Bus Route Passenger Origin-Destination Flows." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261583295.

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Luo, Junxiang. "Goodness-of-fit tests for proportional odds model with GEE for ordinal categorical responses & estimating sampling frequency in pollen exposure assessment over time." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1150094586.

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Johnson, Edward P. "Applying Bayesian Ordinal Regression to ICAP Maladaptive Behavior Subscales." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2121.pdf.

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Sylvestre, Marie-Pierre. "Flexible modelling for the cumulative effects of time-varying exposure, weighted by recency, on the hazard." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111917.

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Many epidemiological studies assess the effects of time-dependent exposures, where both the exposure status and its intensity vary over time. The analysis of such studies poses the challenge of modelling the association between complex time-dependent drug exposure and the risk, especially given the uncertainty about the etiological relevance of doses taken in different time periods.<br>To address this challenge, I developed a flexible method for modelling cumulative effects of time-varying exposures, weighted by recency, represented by time-dependent covariates in the Cox proportional hazards model. The function that assigns weights to doses taken in the past is estimated using cubic regression splines. Models with different number of knots and constraints are estimated. Bootstrap techniques are used to obtain pointwise confidence bands around the weight functions, accounting for both the sampling variation of the regression coefficients, and the uncertainty at the model selection stage, i.e. the additional variance due to a posteriori selection of the number of knots.<br>To assess the method in simulations, I had to develop and validate a novel algorithm to generate event times conditional on time-dependent covariates and compared it with the algorithms available in the literature. The proposed algorithm extends a previously proposed permutational algorithm to include a rejection sampler. While all the algorithms generated data sets that, once analyzed, provided virtually unbiased estimates with comparable variances, the algorithm that I proposed reduced the computational time by more than 50 per cent relative to alternative methods. I used simulations to systematically investigate the properties of the weighted cumulative dose method. Six different weight functions were considered. Simulations showed that in most situations, the proposed method was able to capture the shape of the true weight functions and to produce estimates of the magnitude of the exposure effect on the risk that were close to those used to generate the data. I finally illustrated the use of the weighted cumulative dose modelling by reassessing the association between the use of selected benzodiazepines and fall-related injuries, using administrative data on a cohort of elderly who initiated their use of benzodiazepines between 1990 and 2004.
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Asher, M. Innes, Alistair W. Stewart, Javier Mallol, et al. "Which population level environmental factors are associated with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Review of the ecological analyses of ISAAC Phase One." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625749.

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歐瑞賢. "The Effects of the Group Dynamic Proportional Reasoning Assessment." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69596659965243622191.

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碩士<br>國立台南師範學院<br>國民教育研究所<br>85<br>The putpose of this research is to develop a group dynamic proportional reaoning assessment(GDPRA) to distinguish and to increase the children''s abilirty of proportional reasoning. The initial sample for the research is four hundred and ninety-one 2-6 grade students that diagnosed by the proportional reasoning hierarchy test(PRHT).one hundred and sixty-four subjects were assessed by the GDPRA. One hundred and sixty-six subjects were matched with the control group.The major discovery was summarized the followings: 　　1.The construct validity of the PRHT came off well. 　　　(1)The sum of multiple-choice item score was not suitable for measuring students'' obility of proportional reasoning, and the construct validity of hierarchy came off well. 　　　(2)The three-parameter logistic model was fitter than classical test theory in measuring students'' ability of proportional reasoning. 　　　(3)There were major reponse-types in subjects'' response because the subjects'' response-types weren''t shaped randomly.The experimental data were explained by the tational inference. 　　2.The immediate effects of dynamic assessment came off well. 　　　(1)The ability of dynamic assessment group was higher than control group in mediate stage. 　　　(2)The ability of dynamic assessment group in mediate stage was higher than that in pretest stage. 　　　(3)The group graduated prompting system could help to increase subjects'' ability gradually. 　　　(4)The prompting quantity of the GDPRA was more discriminative for the ability of proportional reasoning than the static assessment. 　　　(5)The prompting quantity of the GDPRA had discriminative validity for the ability of proportional reasoning. 　　3.The transferability effects of dynamic assessment came off well. 　　　(1)The gain dynamic assessment group was higher than control group in posttest stage. 　　　(2)The gain of dynamic assessment group increased in posttest stage. 　　　(3)The GDPRA was more discriminative for the ability of proportional reasoning than the static assessment. 　　　(4)The GDPRA had discriminative validity for the ability of proportional reasoning.
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Lin, Hsin-Yi, and 林欣儀. "The Feasibility Assessment of Mixed Member Proportional System in Taiwan’s Legislative Yuan Election." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83mdpg.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>政治學研究所<br>105<br>Taiwan has adopted a Mixed Member Majoritarian (MMM) System in 2005 following a constitutional reform. Since then until 2016, the MMM system, a Mixed or Hybrid System, has been tested during three major elections. However, the MMM system has long being criticized by many as it is unable to ensure fair representation of each vote. Since her winning Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) chairmanship in 2014, Tsai Ing-wen has proposed replacing the MMM system with Mixed-Member Proportional representation (MMP), saying that the system would ensure that the number of seats a party receives better mirrors the proportion of votes it received. Comparing with the Kuomintang (KMT) that has long upheld its support to MMM system, DPP, however, does not have a consistence stance on the issue. It had previously support MMP in 1998, until later turned to MMM in 2001 before finally shifting to MMM again in 2014. It remains to be seen if Tsai will push through the voting system change into MMP system during her tenure as president with the DPP majority in the Legislative Yuan. The above is the main reason and backstory behind this paper. The paper conducts in-depth interviews with Tsai’s aides, senior legisators, experts and scholars in the field, to talk about their views on the system. It also studies three Legislative elections in 2008, 2012 and 2016, and simulates how an election system change into MMP would affect elections results and political landscape. The simulation ultimately reveals overhang seats issue in both 2008 and 2012 elections. This shows the fact that it would be difficult for Taiwan to avoid overhang seats issue. Also, it would be unconditional if Taiwan changes into MMP system. Meanwhile, if Taiwan, like Germany, adopts MMP system, there will no one party enjoying majority in the Legislative Yuan. Lack of a majority in the parliament, it would turn into a divided government in Taiwan’s president parliamentarism system. MMM system, on the other hand, normally leads to two major parties in the parliament when one of them enjoys majority. This will form a united government and could make it easier for the Cabinet and the ruling administration to run, comparing with a divided government. To sum up, the paper shows that MMP system would lead to overhang seats issue and is not suitable for Taiwan’s political scene that adopts a semi-presidentialism system.
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LO, SHIH-JAN, and 羅士然. "The Development of a Computerized Assessment on Proportional Reasoning Ability for 5th to 7th Graders." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/248b57.

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碩士<br>國立臺南大學<br>教育學系測驗統計碩博士班<br>107<br>The hypothesized learning progression or learning trajectory in proportional reasoning were adopted to develop a computerized assessment on proportional reasoning ability (CAPRA) in this study to investigate the performance of students' proportional reasoning ability. The characteristics of items of different empirical difficulty levels are also discussed basing upon the models adopted. According to student’s learning experiences, three different forms were assembled for the 5th, 6th and 7th graders with common items. Totally, there were 715 students included in the study as sample. For the form of 5th grade, the average proportion-correct is 0.49 and the alpha is 0.77. For the form of 6th grade, the proportion-correct is 0.55 and the alpha is 0.82. For the form of 7th grade, the proportion-correct is 0.66 and the alpha is 0.84. The correlation coefficient between students' proportional reasoning ability and school achievement is highest in mathematics, and is lowest in language. Most of the item difficulties in this assessment were concordance with the expectation of developmental stages. Some crucial elements such as constant additive differences distracters, halving and unit fractions affect item difficulties substantially. In other words, the empirical item difficulty can elaborate the realistic descriptions of developmental stages. All 24 items were divided into three levels by the Rasch item difficulty parameter. There are nine items in basic level, mainly the intensive quantity problems which change one variables only and the missing value problems contained a unit ratio. There are nine items in proficient level, mainly the missing value problems of various number structure characteristics. There are six items in advanced level, mainly the appropriate strategy identification problems in which the functional or scalar relationship was appropriate the most. In the study, students were categorized into four performance levels (below basic, basic, proficient, and advanced level) by the probability of 70% correct response for the sub-level test characteristic curve. For the total sample, there are 27.8% students classified as below basic, 40.8% students at the basic level, 21.1% students at the proficient level and 10.2% students at the advanced level. For 6th graders, from below baic to advanced level accordingly, the proportion distribution is 24%, 39.9%, 22.6%, and 13.5%. The grade and gender two-way ANOVA on proportional reasoning ability revealed that the interaction was not significant. Only the grade factor was significant. In other words, proportional reasoning ability will develop by growth and learning experience. And the corresponding η2 was .08 for grade factor. The gender factor was not significant. This result was consistent with the gender similarities hypothesis in mathematics achievement for Taiwan elementary and middle school students. Students below basic level can only focused only on one quantity. They approach the problem as pair of natural numbers, make an additive comparison and do not yet understand ratios. Providing students with opportunities to observe the relationship between two quantities, encouraging students to take note on different instances of composed unit and to try to figure out the multiplicative relationship could be helpful for below basic level students’ proportional reasoning development. Some following supports such as posing larger number problems to encourage students to think in multiplication operation or clarifying concepts of fractions might also be crucial for promoting the development of ratios and proportion reasoning.
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Books on the topic "Proportionate assessments"

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McMahan, Jeff. Proportionate Defense. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796176.003.0006.

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Proportionality in defense is a relation between the good and bad effects of a defensive act. Stated crudely, proportionality requires that the bad effects of such an act not be excessive in relation to the good. If this seems simple, the apparent simplicity is an illusion. This chapter explores some of the hitherto unappreciated complexities in the idea of proportionality. It explains how a requirement of proportionality differs from a requirement of necessity, distinguishes among various types of proportionality, and examines the ways in which proportionality in defense differs from proportionality in punishment. The chapter also suggests that certain good or bad effects may have less weight than others, or even no weight at all, in the assessment of proportionality. Finally, the chapter argues that proportionality is not just a matter of the consequences of action, but is also sensitive to the ways in which consequences are brought about.
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O'Quigley, John. Proportional Hazards Regression (Statistics for Biology and Health). Springer, 2008.

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Burns, Tony. 5. Aristotle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the argument of Aristotle's Politics in relation to the theory of justice that he articulates in his Nicomachean Ethics. It first provides a biography of Aristotle before discussing his view of human nature, the starting point for understanding his views on both ethics and politics. In particular, it considers what Aristotle means when he describes man as a ‘social and political animal’ (zoon politikon). It goes on to explore the theory of justice developed in Aristotle's Ethics, focusing on the notions of proportional and arithmetical equality. It also analyses the two areas of social life in which the concept of justice has a practical application: the spheres of rectificatory and distributive justice. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the continuing relevance of Aristotle for political philosophy today, especially for the debate between John Rawls and his communitarian critics.
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Boisseau, Christina L., Carly M. Schwartzman, and Steven A. Rasmussen. Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0006.

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This chapter examines quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). More specifically, it summarizes recent investigations demonstrating that: (1) OCD negatively impacts multiple areas of life, such as social and family relationships, functioning at work and in the household, and aspects of physical and mental health; (2) the negative relation between OCD and QoL is as great as (or greater than) that observed in other psychiatric disorders and chronic medical conditions; (3) the degree of the QoL impairment is generally proportional to the severity of OCD symptoms; (4) specific OCD symptoms differentially impact aspects of psychosocial functioning; and (5) adequate treatment of OCD is associated with significant improvements in QoL. Finally, the chapter discusses future perspectives involved in the evaluation of QoL in OCD populations and the critical need to address these issues in assessment and treatment of individuals with OCD.
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Book chapters on the topic "Proportionate assessments"

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Cleophas, Ton J., Aeilko H. Zwinderman, and Toine F. Cleophas. "Proportional Data Analysis: Part-1." In Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials: Self-Assessment Book. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0285-1_4.

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Cleophas, Ton J., Aeilko H. Zwinderman, and Toine F. Cleophas. "Proportional Data Analysis: Part 2." In Statistics Applied to Clinical Trials: Self-Assessment Book. Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0285-1_5.

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Elprince, Adel M. "Spatial Analysis Using a Proportional Effect Semivariogram Model." In Developments in Soil Salinity Assessment and Reclamation. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7_12.

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George, Clive. "Proportionate Impact Assessment: Discretion, Formalism, and the Undefined Responsibilities of European Decision-Makers." In The European Impact Assessment and the Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11670-4_5.

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Schmidt, Michael, Eike Albrecht, Hendrike Helbron, and Dmytro Palekhov. "The Proportionate Impact Assessment of the European Commission – Towards More Formalism to Backup “The Environment”." In The European Impact Assessment and the Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11670-4_4.

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Argent, S. J., A. Bendell, P. T. Manning, J. Marshall, S. G. Ryan, and D. Wightman. "Proportional Hazard Modelling in the Analysis of Transmission Failure Statistics." In Reliability Data Collection and Use in Risk and Availability Assessment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82773-0_63.

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Hase, D. P., and V. S. Gadakh. "Sheet Metal Piercing Punch Material Selection Using Complex Proportional Assessment Method." In Techno-Societal 2016. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53556-2_88.

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Bagdonavičius, Vilijandas B., and Mikhail S. Nikuline. "Analysis of Survival Data with Non-proportional Hazards and Crossings of Survival Functions." In Recent Advances in Quantitative Methods in Cancer and Human Health Risk Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470857706.ch12.

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Tran, Van Tung, Hong Thom Pham, Bo Suk Yang, and Tan Tien Nguyen. "Machine Performance Degradation Assessment and Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using Proportional Hazard Model and SVM." In Engineering Asset Management and Infrastructure Sustainability. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-493-7_74.

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Li, Yan-Feng, Yang Liu, Hong-Zhong Huang, Tudi Huang, and Jinhua Mi. "Reliability Assessment for Systems Suffering Common Cause Failure Based on Bayesian Networks and Proportional Hazards Model." In Stochastic Models in Reliability Engineering. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429331527-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Proportionate assessments"

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Batte, A. D., R. R. Fessler, J. E. Marr, and S. C. Rapp. "Managing the Threat of SCC in Gas Transmission Pipelines." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90231.

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A group of eight gas transmission pipeline operators, responsible collectively for operating over 160,000 miles of pipelines in North America, has participated in a Joint Industry Project (JIP) to examine the current status of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Threat Management. Many of these operators had previously participated in a JIP addressing the Integrity Management of SCC in High Consequence Areas. Completed in 2006, the JIP developed experience-based guidance for the conduct of hydrostatic testing and excavations, for the assessment of the severity of discovered defects, and for establishing the interval before the next assessment. The outcome was published in ASME STP-PT-011, and formed the basis for proposed revisions to ASME B31.8S. In this second phase of the work, the operational experiences and threat management experiences during the five years since 2006 have been reviewed. From an operational viewpoint, the situation has been very satisfactory; only three in-service failures (ruptures or leaks) due to SCC have been experienced during this period, a considerable reduction compared to the preceding years. However, there is still a legacy of SCC to be managed in older pipelines; for example, 80 near-critical cracks have been removed by hydrostatic testing, and around 100 cracks that would probably have failed a hydrostatic test have been discovered by crack detection ILI. From the threat management viewpoint, a consistent overall framework for addressing SCC is beginning to be established, within which the wide range of operational experience can be addressed using mitigation strategies that are appropriate, proportionate, and timely. Most operators, particularly those with a legacy of SCC in older pipelines, make use of hydrostatic testing. Several now make use of SCC Direct Assessment, following its acceptance as a formal process in around 2005, but mostly for addressing segments with low relative risk of SCC and/or no history of SCC. Many are exploring the application of crack detection ILI; among the JIP members around 45 runs totalling nearly 3000 miles have been completed using EMAT ILI vehicles, and more are scheduled. Almost all the JIP members are using two or more of these approaches in combination as part of their SCC Threat Management strategies. There are areas where the experiences of SCC Threat Management over the last five years point to opportunities for improvement. For SCC Direct Assessment, the use of feedback from excavations to refine the relative rankings for segment prioritisation and dig site selection will become an increasingly important aspect of process improvement. For crack detection ILI, the main issues are the accuracy and reliability of information determining the flaw size and shape for use in predictions of failure pressure and assessments of defect severity. As Threat Management moves from baseline assessment to regular re-assessment, issues that arise include determination of the re-assessment interval, particularly when using SCC Direct Assessment and crack detection ILI. There is also an issue about how best to actively monitor those segments where there is low relative risk and no experience of SCC.
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Shibata, Kazuya, Koichiro Rinsaka, and Tadashi Dohi. "PISRAT: Proportional Intensity-Based Software Reliability Assessment Tool." In 13th Pacific Rim International Symposium on Dependable Computing (PRDC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/prdc.2007.18.

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Chen, He-tao, and Hong-jie Yuan. "Reliability assessment based on proportional degradation hazards model." In EM2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieem.2010.5646465.

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Holmes, Matthew, Anna Provost, Derek Clucas, and Sean Wilkinson. "How Do We Ensure the Assessment of Infrastructure Resilience is Proportionate to the Risk?" In International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure. University of Wollongong, SMART Infrastructure Facility, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/isngi2013.proc.23.

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Sahir, Syafrida, Kersna Minan, M. Mesran, and S. Suginam. "Determination of Cooperative Loan Funds Recipients Using Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) Method." In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Multidisciplinary and Its Applications, WMA-3 2019, 11-14 December 2019, Medan, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-12-2019.2290845.

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Jelaska, Damir T., and Srdjan Podrug. "Gear Tooth Root Fatigue Assessments by Estimating the Real Stress Cycle." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34233.

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A several kinds of numerical models, including moving force model, for determination the service life of gears in regard to bending fatigue in a gear tooth root, is presented. Finite element method and linear elastic fracture mechanics theories are then used for the further simulation of the fatigue crack growth under a moving load. Moving load produces a non-proportional load history in a gear’s tooth root. The corresponding stress cycle is obtained which enables more precise computing. An approach that accounts for fatigue crack closure effects is developed to propagate crack under non-proportional load. The computational results are compared with other researchers’ numerical results and with service lives of real gears. The fatigue lives and crack paths determined in this paper exhibits a substantial agreement with experimental results and significant improvement compared with the existing numerical models.
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Li, L. "Reliability assessment method based on the Weibull proportional hazards model for electrical products." In International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance and Safety Engineering, edited by D. Ma and Z. Li. WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/qr2mse140101.

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Meggiolaro, Marco Antonio, Jaime Tupiassú Pinho de Castro, and Hao Wu. "Issues With Multiaxial Fatigue Assessment in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84979.

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This work analyzes the applicability of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code procedures to calculate fatigue crack initiation under multiaxial stresses and/or strains, in particular when caused by non-proportional loads that lead the principal directions at the critical point to vary with time, e.g. due to out-of-phase bending and torsion loads induced by independent sources. Classic uniaxial fatigue damage models are usually inappropriate for analyzing multiaxial loads, since they can generate highly inaccurate predictions. Moreover, it is shown that the ASME procedures can lead to non-conservative results for non-proportional load histories.
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Xiao, Jinxing, Ke Song, Fa Wang, Hongchao Xu, and Fenfang Xiong. "The Risk Assessment Optimization for the Relay Protection System Based on Proportional Intensity Model." In 2019 IEEE 3rd Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei247390.2019.9062162.

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James, P. J., and A. Franks. "Effective Safety Management - The tale of the Engineer, Safety Manager and Accountant." In 14th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition. IMarEST, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-818x.2018.050.

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In several recent naval ship building projects, Lloyd’s Register has been looking at methods for integrating statutory compliance with the hazard and risk assessment mandated by some ship building contracts. The Authors have observed that standards are sometimes applied without due regard of operational context. Equally they have spent hours assessing risks for simple reliable equipment designed to rules, codes and standards. As a result, we propose in this paper, an integrated approach for assessing the whole ship safety, with a focus on the safe to operate aspects, building a comprehensive safety argument founded on an agreed standards set which is augmented with a focused safety assessment delivering value and a proportionate risk assessment.
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Reports on the topic "Proportionate assessments"

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Bush, S. P., D. M. Hamby, and J. E. Martin. Study of field assessment methods and worker risks for processing alternatives to support principles for FUSRAP waste materials. Part 2: Preliminary development of a wall-less gas-flow proportional counter for in-situ field analysis of nuclear contamination in soil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/290813.

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