Journal articles on the topic 'Proportionate static examination'

Infill dividers can be showed up in business programming using two-dimensional zone part with fitting material properties for direct flexible examination. In any case, this kind of showing may not work for non-direct examination since the non-straight material properties for a two-dimensional orthotropic area isn't amazingly knew. Seismic evaluation of a current reinforced bond (RC) encompassed structure would reliably require a non-straight examination. Spread piece around there supports a straight slanting swagger way to deal with oversee manage model infill divider for both direct (Equivalent Static Analysis and Response Spectrum Analysis) and nonlinear examinations (Pushover Analysis and Time History Analysis). A current RC confined structure (G+3) with open ground story composed in Seismic Zone-V is considered for this examination. This structure is dismembered for two exceptional cases: (a) considering both infill mass and infill quality and (b) considering infill mass yet without considering infill consistent quality. Two separate models were made using business programming STAAD PRO. Infill burdens were appeared through applying static dead weight and separating masses considered from this dead weight for fragment examinations. Infill quality was exhibited using to the opposite side swagger procedure. Two irrefutable sponsorship conditions, expressly changed end fortify condition and stuck end reinforce condition, are considered to check the effect of assistance conditions in the duplication factors. Straight and non-direct examinations were rehearsed for the models and the results were considered. The examination results exhibit that a section of 2.5 is too high to even consider evening consider night consider being in any capacity reached out to the bar and part powers of the ground story of low-climb open ground story structures. This examination expect that the issue of open ground story structures can't be seen fittingly through flexible examination as the quality of open ground story building and a proportionate revealed edge building are fundamentally same. Nonlinear examination reveals that open ground story making misses the mark through a ground story part at an essentially low base shear and evacuation and the procedure for disappointment as far as anyone knows is touchy. Speedy and nonlinear examinations exhibit that sponsorship condition impacts the response broadly and can be a basic parameter to pick the power augmentation part.

The use of logistics functions as a random number generator in a cryptography algorithm is capable of accommodating the diffusion properties of the Shannon principle. The problem that occurs is initialization <em>x</em>₀ was static and was not affected by changes in the key, so that the algorithm will generate a random number that is always the same. This study design three schemes that can providing the flexibility of the input keys in conducting the examination of the value of the domain logistics function. The results of each schemes do not show a pattern that is directly proportional or inverse with the value of <em>x</em>₀ and relative error <em>x</em>₀ and successfully fulfill the properties of the butterfly effect. Thus, the existence of logistics functions in generating chaos numbers can be accommodated based on key inputs. In addition, the resulting random numbers are distributed evenly over the chaos range, thus reinforcing the algorithm when used as a key in cryptography.

SummaryObjective: The study assessed the use and reliability of bathroom scales as an objective measurement tool, and setting a normal variance of static weight bearing between hindlimbs.Methods: Two groups of dogs were tested: a healthy control group (n = 21) and a group (n = 43) of dogs with confirmed osteoarthritis in at least one stifle joint, with or without hip joint osteoarthritis. Static weight bearing was evaluated manually and measured with two bathroom scales. An orthopaedic examination was done and dynamic weight bearing was measured using a force platform. Radiographs were taken to confirm the presence of osteoarthritis, and dogs were divided into groups of severe and non-severe osteoarthritic changes. Reliability by repeatability was tested using analysis of variance, and the congruity between static weight bearing and other evaluation methods with Kappa statistics and proportion of agreement.Results: The difference between the hindlimbs proportional to the body weight in control dogs was 3.3% (± 2.7%). The repeatability of measuring static weight bearing in the hindlimbs of osteoarthritic dogs with bathroom scales was 81% with osteoarthritic limbs, and 70% for unaffected limbs. The sensitivity of static weight bearing measurements using bathroom scales was 39% and specificity 85%.Clinical significance: Bathroom scales are a reliable, simple, and cost-effective objective method for measuring static weight bearing and can be used as an outcome measure when rehabilitating dogs with osteoarthritic changes in the hindlimbs.

&lt;div class="page" title="Page 1"&gt;&lt;div class="layoutArea"&gt;&lt;div class="column"&gt;&lt;p&gt;The use of logistics functions as a random number generator in a cryptography algorithm is capable of accommodating the diffusion properties of the Shannon principle. The problem that occurs is initialization x was static and was not affected by changes in the key, so that the algorithm will generate a random number that is always the same. This study design three schemes that can providing the flexibility of the input keys in conducting the examination of the value of the domain logistics function. The results of each schemes do not show a pattern that is directly proportional or inverse with the value of x0 and relative error x and successfully fulfill the properties of the butterfly effect. Thus, the existence of logistics functions in generating chaos numbers can be accommodated based on key inputs. In addition, the resulting random numbers are distributed evenly over the chaos range, thus reinforcing the algorithm when used as a key in cryptography.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Late tremors in India demonstrate that non-built as well as designed structures in our nation are powerless even to direct quakes. Indian Standard IS 1893 is overhauled in 2002. Various structures those were planned according to the past code may not conform to the present code. Along these lines assessing seismic execution of a structure and proposing reasonable retrofit measure is a significant zone of concentrate in this specific circumstance. In the present examination an endeavor has been made to assess a current structure situated in Bhopal (seismic zone V) utilizing proportional static investigation. Indian Standard IS1893:2002 (Part-1) is pursued for the comparable static examination methodology. Building is displayed in business programming STAAD Pro. Seismic power interest for every individual part is determined for the plan base shear as required by Seems to be 1893:2002. Relating part limit is determined according to Indian Standard IS 456:2000. Insufficient individuals are distinguished through interest to-limit proportion. Various shafts and segment components in the primary floor of the present structure are observed to be inadequate that needs retrofitting. A neighborhood retrofitting procedure is embraced to redesign the limit of the insufficient individuals. This investigation demonstrates that steel jacketing is a proficient method to retrofit RC individuals to improve flexure just as shear limit.

Experimental measurements of shape memory alloys wires Paper deals with examinations of properties of shape memory alloy actuators. Authors describe design of own laboratory stand for obtaining electro-thermo-mechanical characteristics of SMA wires (maximum length 900 mm). The stand allows for semi-automatic measurements of voltage and current (supplying the actuator), temperature of wire and its extension. Data acquisition and control signals are realized by PC computer. All elements of the measuring system are connected by GPIB network (IEEE 488.2 standard). Control program for static measurements was written in G language (LabVIEW environment). Temperature is measured using infrared camera Flir A325. Displacement measurement system contains optical sensor (converting piston movement into series of pulses), pulses counter, PWM signal generator (PWM signal fulfillment is proportional to number of pulses), lowpass filter and buffer conditioning external signal. For dynamic measurements data recording is performed using digital oscilloscope Tektronix MSO 2024 equipped with four separated channels and digital filter. Wide range of examinations of several SMA wires allowed for drawing its exploitative characteristic helpful for practical use. It shows length change of actuator as a function of mechanical load (Fig. 10). Finally some example static as well as dynamic characteristics are presented and short discussion is carried out.

Abstract Static component (SC) generation of guided waves (GWs), which combines the high sensitivity of acoustic nonlinearity to micro-damage and low attenuative effect, has great potential for damage assessment in large composite structures. The present work explores the use of SC generation of GWs for assessing damages in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates. The features including mode, waveform, and cumulative effect of the generated SC in composites are numerically investigated by three-dimensional finite element modeling and simulation. A dynamic displacement measurement method based on piezoelectric transducers is accordingly proposed and experimentally verified. The cumulative SC pulse generated from primary GW tone-burst with a finite duration, is observed and verified numerically and experimentally. It is found that the magnitude of the generated SC pulse is linearly proportional to the quadratic material nonlinearity. Experimental results demonstrate that the generated SC pulse of GW under group velocity matching condition, is an effective means to assess the hygrothermal damage and low-velocity impact damage in CFRP composite plates. The performed experimental examination validates the feasibility of the proposed approach for damage assessment in CFRP composites.

This work examines the possibility of detecting the weak points of wood structure assembly by non-destructive methods and restoring it, in a timely manner, before it comes to visible damaging. This is the purpose of using X-ray examination for the samples of three types of wood: ring-porous deciduous, diffuse porous deciduous and conifers. The hypothesis was that the permeability of wood to X-ray radiation was inversely proportional to the coefficient of static resistance of wood. The mechanical properties of wood samples used in this work are approximates of their table values of coefficient of static bending stress expressed in MPs. In proving these hypotheses, X-ray machine was used, with a range of work from 40-125 kV and 0.50 =360 m A/s, the same as its usage in humane medicine. This work showed that by X-rays we could successfully establish quality properties of certain types of wood and by that its best usage, which is, for example, of special interest for restoration and reconstruction of objects of cultural and historical value. Non-destructive methods of testing wood structure assembly certainly justify their role in that field and they require further research and development.

These days, the requirement for flexible and quick power stream control in the transmission framework is foreseen to increment later on taking into account utility liberation and power wheeling prerequisite. Diminishing the compelling reactance of lines by series remuneration is an immediate approach to build transmission ability. Nonetheless, power move capacity of long transmission lines is restricted by dependability contemplations. On account of the power electronic exchanging abilities as far as control and fast, more focal points have been done in FACTS gadgets regions and presence of these gadgets in transient security during transient flaws bringing about progress in power framework solidness. In this examination, a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is utilized to research the impact of this gadget in controlling active and reactive powers just as damping power framework motions in transient mode. The Proportional-Integral Controller (PI) controller is utilized to tune the circuit and to give the zero sign blunder. Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) is series reactive power remuneration to a power framework. The yield of a SSSC is series infused voltage, which leads or slacks line current by 90°, in this manner copying a controllable inductive or capacitive reactance. SSSC can be utilized to lessen the line impedance and upgrade the active power move ability of the line. With the boundaries and control, the SSSC is discovered successful to direct load voltage during abrupt difference in the heaps. The SSSC additionally furnishes stable activity with dynamic enlistment engine load and mitigates the insecure and swaying conduct that is coming about during the activity of remunerated Alternator with dynamic engine load.

Helminthiasis is one of the infections caused by parasites. World Health Organization (WHO) data in 2018 reported 24% of the world's population was infected by Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH). Worms of this group need soil to be in their infective stage. Eosin 2% is a stain used in the examination of worm eggs. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the plants widely used as a natural dye. Beetroot contains betacyanin which produces red pigment. This study aimed to identify the feasibility of beetroot as a substitute for eosin to stain worm eggs. This research was true experimental with a static group comparison design. The results showed that the concentration of beetroot solution proportional to the quality of 2% eosin is with a concentration of 95%. Beetroot solution produces color quality with a contrasting background so that the morphology of eggs can be clearly observed. Beetroot extract lasts for 7-day storage at cold temperature.

This paper gives a observe evaluation of a whole wind energy conversion device, the gadget primarily based on a DFIG; to govern independently the active and reactive powers a vector manage with stator flux orientation of the DFIG is used. A comparative have a look at were achieved among the traditional PI controller and fuzzy logic manage to investigate its dynamic and static performances. This research paintings includes the examination of a section earlier, to offer effective assistance, to all those who have to make selections regarding the planning and implementation of wind electricity projects. The primary goal is to model the wind chain and the usage of styles of techniques for the manipulate of this generator to make certain an awesome law we began with the modeling of the wind chain then the modeling of the DFIG and then the usage of the two strategies for the regulation of the latter .the complete device is modeled and simulated inside the Matlab/ Simulink. The overall performance and robustness are analyzed and compared by using Matlab/Simulink. The results acquired show the great performances of the fuzzy logic to prove the pleasant of the strength and the stability of wind strength.

This article presents an in-depth exploration of Kubernetes auto-scaling mechanisms that enable applications to dynamically adjust resources in response to fluctuating demands. It begins with an examination of the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA), which automatically adjusts pod replicas based on observed metrics through a continuous control loop with proportional scaling algorithms. It continues with the Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA), which complements HPA by dynamically adjusting CPU and memory allocations for existing pods through its three-component architecture of Recommender, Updater, and Admission Controller. At the infrastructure level, the Cluster Autoscaler extends scaling capabilities by modifying the node count based on pending pods and underutilized nodes. The article further delves into advanced scaling mechanisms including custom metrics integration with Prometheus, external event-based scaling through KEDA, and Kubernetes event-driven scaling with circuit-breaker patterns. Throughout the discussion, It highlights how these mechanisms work together to form a comprehensive auto-scaling strategy that significantly improves both application reliability and cost efficiency compared to static provisioning models, while offering best practices for production environments.

Fingerlings of Tilapia zillii (5.20 gm ±0.03) were exposed to sap extract of Euphorbia tirucalli at concentrations of 6.00, 3.00, 1.50, 0.75 and 0.38 mg-1 with control as 0.00 mg-1 for 96 hours. The static bioassay showed that the 96-hour LC50 was 1.20 mg with lower and upper confidence limits of 0.78 and 1.85 mg respectively. Erratic swimming, loss of balance, respiratory distress, air gulping was observed before eventually death of the fish. Opercular ventilation and tail fin counts increased with increasing concentrations of the sap extract. Histopathological examination of the gills and liver revealed damages to these organs which were directly proportional to the concentration of the sap extract while those in the control tanks remained unchanged. Phytochemical analysis of the sap extract showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponin, cardiac glycoside, rotenone, phenols, volatile oil, balsam and steroids. Water quality parameters monitored showed no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in temperature and pH while there was significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in values obtained in dissolved oxygen, free carbon oxide and alkalinity. The implications of the findings as they affect the exposed fish and the aquatic ecosystem are discussed.

A Photovoltaic Emulator (PVE) is a dedicated instrument engineered to emulate a solar panel's static and dynamic attributes. Its critical function lies in the examination and validation of PV systems by offering a regulated setting despite the erratic shifts in real-world scenarios. The photovoltaic emulator (PVE) comprises two principal constituents - the reference photovoltaic model which serves as the benchmark, and the electronics power controller intrinsic to the PVE itself. The intrinsic simplicity of these two primary elements is imperative for facilitating user-friendly operation. The present study propounds a novel photovoltaic emulator explicitly designed to streamline the deployment and incorporation of a photovoltaic model. The overarching PVE system is predicated on current regulation via a DC-DC buck power-electronic converter and a fundamental proportional-integral (PI) controller. A juxtaposition of the output current and voltage (I-V) characteristics exhibited by the photovoltaic emulator (PVE) and those of the SCHOTT POLY 210 photovoltaic module elucidates that the (I-V) characteristics of the PVE evince congruency and precision, even when subjected to variances in solar irradiance and ambient temperature conditions. This finding underscores the robust performance of the photovoltaic emulator across a diverse spectrum of environmental parameters.

Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well known to affect many different organ systems. Previous work suggests that this includes the auditory system. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the pattern of hearing impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and also to examine the possible associations between hearing impairment and related RA features especially disease activity. Materials and methods Thirty RA patients (mean age of 44.5 ± 9.9 years; female sex (90%)) and 17 healthy controls (mean age of 41.5±9.1 years; female sex (76.4%)) were included in our study. The 2 groups were matched for age and sex (p&gt;0.05). Otoscopic examination was normal in all participants. No subject of the 2 groups has had any abnormalities at otoscopic examination. Hearing impairment was evaluated by pure tone audiometry and tympanometry including the static compliance, middle ear pressure, stapedial reflex threshold test. In all patients the clinical features, laboratory data, X-rays, disease activity index-DAS 28 were performed. Results Hearing loss was more prevalent in RA patients compared to healthy controls (56.7 vs 11.8%; p=0.005). RA patients have conductive, sensorineural and mixed hearing loss in respectively 43.4, 3.3 and 10 % of cases. Association analysis between hearing characteristics and remission in RA patients shows that RA patients in remission have significantly lower mean hearing thresholds (12.8±5.2dB vs 18.8±6.9 dB ; p=0.04). Conclusion This study suggests that hearing loss risk is higher in RA patients and seems to be associated to disease duration. Hearing loss in RA was directly proportional to the disease activity index-DAS 28. Audiological evaluation must be performed periodically to identify possible audiological damage

The main provisions are outlined of the author’s model of electric energy systems and their associations (Unified Energy Systems of Russia, UPS), enabling to determine analytically the key parameters of reliability of operation of EES within generation facilities (generation adequacy) and trunk power grids (transmission reliability) subject to dislocation of generation facilities and electric loads, electric modes and reliability of operation of trunk power grids.For calculations of electric modes of operation of 750–220 kV power grids, Stott’s decomposition method is used involving simplification of the Jacobian matrix, the latter being divided into two independent subsystemsP → δ and Q → U, based on a weak functional link between P and Uand between Q and δ. When developing the model, much attention has been paid to improving the correctness in assessing the static and dynamic stability of the UES and taking into account these factors in the process of calculating the reliability of trunk power grids networks for each of the considered emergency situations. Special attention has been paid to improving the accuracy of estimates of economic losses (damage to the national economy) under various conditions of operation and recovery of UES: when working at low frequency, on actuation of automatic frequency load shedding (AFLS) devices and special load shedding automatics (SLSA), in case of sudden shutdowns, shutdowns with prior notice, and planned power supply restrictions. When forming the composition of consumers subject to restrictions, instead of the currently used proportional approach, the method of indefinite Laplace multipliers is used to reduce damage, based on taking into account the technological and economic response of various types of consumers to restrictions of their electrical loads. The calculations are concluded with an assessment of the annual average undersupply of electric energy and economic damage to consumers from disruptions of their power supply for the UES of Russia in 2017–2019, as a basis for optimizing the system reliability. It is shown that the probable annual average damage only in trunk grids of the UES of Russia amounts to as much as 1.2 percent of annual GDP, while its annual growth over the same period is estimated by the Ministry of Economic Development and the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation to be within 1.8%. Thus, due to the unreliability of the operation of only 750–220 kV main nets of UES, the national economy annually loses up to 2/3 of its annual growth.

The Danube delta gudgeon, Romanogobio antipai, has been considered to be extinct because there were no reliable recent observations. The latest record confirmed by a voucher specimen dating from 1992. We report here on a specimen of R. antipai collected in 2016 in the Bulgarian sector of the Danube main stream using a bottom drift net at a depth of 8 m. The species determination is supported by morphological examination including discriminant and cluster analyses in comparison with three syntypes and five non-type specimens of R. antipai, samples of the R. kesslerii species complex and R. vladykovi. Romanogobio antipai most clearly differs from both R. kesslerii and R. vladykovi by proportional measurements (caudal peduncle depth, head width, eye horizontal diameter, and interorbital width), from R. kesslerii also by the number of scales above and below the lateral line (6 and 4, respectively, (vs. commonly 5 and 3), and from R. vladykovi, also by 8½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7½) and the vertebral caudal region longer than the abdominal vertebral region (abdominal+caudal vertebrae 19+21 or 20+21, vs. commonly 20+20 or variants with a caudal region shorter than the abdominal one). The possibility that R. antipai represents a deep-water cophenotype of either R. kesslerii or R. vladykovi, cannot be excluded. The new record demonstrates that R. antipai is still extant in the lower Danube but may be restricted to greater depths in the main channel and the deltaic branches.

The materials utilized as a part of a machine device have an unequivocal part in deciding the efficiency and exactness of the part made in it. The regular basic materials utilized as a part of exactness machine apparatuses, for example, cast iron and steel at high working velocities create positional mistakes because of the vibrations moved into the structure. Quicker cutting rates can be procured just by structure which has high firmness and great damping attributes. We know that by experiences life of a machine is inversely proportional to the levels of vibration that the machine is subjected. The further procedure is completed to experience the distortion, normal recurrence and removal utilizing Static examination, Modal investigation and Harmonic individually. Since the bed in machine apparatus assumes a basic part in guaranteeing the exactness and precision in segments. Is a standout amongst the most critical apparatus structures which have a tendency to retain the vibrations coming about because of the cutting operation. To break down the bed for conceivable material changes that could build solidness, diminish weight, improve damping characteristics. In this paper constant load is applied on a bed with and without Nanocoating on the material and with composite materials. Graphene is used for coating basing on strength and thermal properties. Modelling of the bed was carried out in SolidWorks and ANSYS is used for structural analysis. By comparing the stress distribution and deformation in the bed by changing its material with the previous. Finally this thesis summarizes the suitable materials can be used as machine bed material. Key words: Machine Tool, Machine Bed, Stiffness, Damping, SOLID WORKS, Ansys

Background: Traditional cardiovascular disease risk prediction models generate a combined risk assessment for myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke (IS), which may inadequately reflect the distinct etiologies and disparate risk factors of MI and IS. We aim to develop prediction models that separately estimate the risks of MI and IS. Methods: Our analysis included 6,242,404 individuals over 40 years old who participated in a cardiovascular health screening examination in 2009. Potential predictors were selected based on a literature review and the available data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to construct 5-year risk prediction models for MI, and IS. Model performance was assessed through discrimination and calibration. Results: During a follow-up of 39,322,434.39 person-years, 89,140 individuals were diagnosed with MI and 116,259 with IS. Both models included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and family history. Statin use was factored into the classification of dyslipidemia. The c-indices for the prediction models were 0.709 (0.707–0.712) for MI, and 0.770 (0.768–0.772) for IS. Age and hypertension exhibited a more pronounced effect on IS risk prediction than MI, whereas smoking, body mass index, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney disease showed the opposite effect. The models calibrated well for low-risk individuals. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the necessity of tailored risk assessments for MI and IS to facilitate the early detection and accurate identification of heterogeneous at-risk populations for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Introduction. Creation and development of efficient agricultural complexes providing high yields at minimal time, material, and energy costs is impossible without the use of automatic control systems (ACS), which allow for maintaining the microclimate of the greenhouse with high accuracy. Improvements of the microclimate by ASC are aimed at neutralizing the influence of parametric perturbations of processes inside and outside the greenhouse. Using the example of a temperature control channel in a greenhouse with a heating circuit based on hot piped water supply, an adaptive iterative (search) algorithm for adjusting the components of a proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller in the heating circuit is proposed to ensure the required quality of the control process. Materials and Methods. The management is based on a parametrically uncertain model of temperature in the greenhouse, the structure of which, based on the principle of superposition, is transformed into a form with control and disturbances concentrated on an output coordinate. The use of an adaptive PID controller is based on the real-time analysis of a database containing trends of the controlled process. Using operators of Database Managment System or SQL language, queries evaluate regulation quality in accord with quality assessment. Proportional and differential components of the PID controller are adjusted so that the control system works on the verge of switching to auto-oscillation mode. The resulting static error is compensated by a change in the driving force. Results. Simulation of the real structure of a single-circuit automatic control system with temperature in the greenhouse with built-in regulating, executive and measuring elements, with a delay of a coolant movement was carried out using the software MVTU (SimIn- Tech). The proposed adaptation algorithm, consisting of the additive adjustment of the PID controller coefficients and being conveniently implemented within the SCADA system, was shown to provide the minimum oscillatory temperature maintenance for arbitrary parametric perturbations in the presence of the delay. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed adaptation algorithm provides for compensation for model uncertainty and disturbances, while achieving the required accuracy of maintaining the temperature in the greenhouse. Results of the study will serve as the basics for development of multi-contour ACS microclimate greenhouses with the examination of the impact and compensation of parametric and structural uncertainty, inertia and nonlinearities of real elements. Our results may be used in many sectors of the national economy to study the general and applied problems of digital adaptive process control.

Objective.We evaluated the predictive value of these vascular biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA): aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), augmentation index (AIx), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and carotid plaques (CP). They are often used as risk markers for CVD.Methods.In 2007, 138 patients with RA underwent clinical examination, laboratory tests, blood pressure testing, and vascular biomarker measurements. Occurrence of CVD events was recorded in 2013. Predictive values were assessed in Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank, and crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression analyses.Results.Baseline median age and disease duration was 59.0 years and 17.0 years, respectively, and 76.1% were women. CVD events occurred in 10 patients (7.2%) during a mean followup of 5.4 years. Compared with patients with low aPWV, AIx, cIMT, and without CP, patients with high aPWV (p &lt; 0.001), high AIx (p = 0.04), high cIMT (p = 0.01), and CP (p &lt; 0.005) at baseline experienced more CVD events. In crude Cox PH regression analyses, aPWV (p &lt; 0.001), cIMT (p &lt; 0.001), age (p = 0.01), statin (p = 0.01), and corticosteroid use (p = 0.01) were predictive of CVD events, while AIx was nonsignificant (p = 0.19). The Cox PH regression estimates for vascular biomarkers were not significantly altered when adjusting individually for demographic variables, traditional CVD risk factors, RA disease-related variables, or medication. All patients who developed CVD had CP at baseline.Conclusion.CP, aPWV, and cIMT were predictive of CVD events in this cohort of patients with RA. Future studies are warranted to examine the additive value of arterial stiffness and carotid atherosclerosis markers in CVD risk algorithms. Regional Ethical Committee approval numbers 2009/1582 and 2009/1583.

BackgroundDepression and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common diseases and associated in a bidirectional manner.AimsTo examine whether a bidirectional association between CVD and depression could be explained by shared risk factors, misclassification of disease measures or non-response.MethodA total of 10 population-based cohorts including 93 076 men and women (mean age 54.4 years, s.d. = 9.2) and an additional 10 510 men (mean age 51.2 years, s.d. = 0.3) were followed for subsequent depression, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in the Danish National Patient Registry from health examinations between 1982 and 2015 and until end of follow-up in 2017–2018. Exposures were physicians’ diagnoses of IHD, stroke, depression or self-reported chest pain, depression, use of antidepressant medication and the Major Depression Inventory at the time of study entry in the Metropolit study. Associations were analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression with disease as time-dependent variables.ResultsIHD and stroke were associated with subsequent depression (hazard ratio (HR) for IHD: 1.79, 95% CI 1.43–2.23 and HR for stroke: 2.62, 95% CI 2.09–3.29) and the associations were present in both men and women. Adjustment for the shared risk factors socioeconomic status, lifestyle, body mass index, statin use and serum lipids did not change the risk estimates. Furthermore, depression was associated with higher risk of subsequent IHD (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.36–1.95) and stroke (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.63–2.30). The associations were also present when the analyses were based on self-reported disease measures or restricted to include non-responders.ConclusionsThe bidirectional association between CVD and depression was not explained by shared risk factors, misclassification or non-response.

Introduction. Determination of the patients’ dentitions ratios is an important in the orthopedic dental treatment of defects of the dentofacial system (DFS).&#x0D; The aim of the study. Performance of the comparative clinical and instrumental analysis of ICP occlusal relationships registration results in groups of patients with intact dentitions and unilateral defects of dentitions.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Examination of 10 patients of both sexes aged 24 to 50 years was conducted. All examined patients were divided into treatment and control groups. The first treatment group of the study included 5 patients with class A2 unilateral defects of dentitions of the DFS according to the Eichner classification. The control group consisted of 5 patients with intact dentitions.&#x0D; Results. As a result of the study conducted it was found that at the stage of transition from ICP to MIC, the OT index in patients of the control group with the use of Futar D registration material was (0,37±0,07) sec, values of the proportion of the occlusal force (COF) on the right were determined in the interval (65,2±7,71) %, on the left they were (34,8±7,71) %, length of the occlusal trajectory (L) was (8,6±2,94) mm.&#x0D; OT index in patients of the treatment group with the use of Futar D registration material during the transition from ICP to MIC made up (0,37±0,07) sec, values of the proportion of the occlusal force (COF) on the right were determined in the interval (32,4±6,22) %, on the left they were (67,6±6,22) % (p&lt;0,05), length of occlusal displacement trajectory (L) increased to (12,6±2,88) mm (p≥0,05).&#x0D; Conclusions:&#x0D; &#x0D; An important feature of physiologically coordinated functioning of the dentofacial system of patients is the uniform occlusion of dentition with simultaneous contact of all groups of&#x0D; At the time of static and dynamic occlusion, frequent sliding contacts are observed in the end position of the ICP. As the occlusal pressure increases towards the maximum intercuspation (MIC), the area of the contact surfaces of the teeth increases. Under this condition, an occlusal pressure occurs, causing redistribution of the functional load of the DFS&#x0D; The interval of dental occlusion between the ICP and MIC positions, or delta (∆), which can be determined using Tekscan III digital technology, demonstrates spatio-temporal indices of redistribution of intermaxillary relations. Their values in patients with partial loss of teeth cause a particular&#x0D; With the use of Futar D registration material, clinical and instrumental analysis of digital indices of the transition from ICP to MIC allowed the establishment of the extension of time duration of dental occlusion by 1,2, increase in the length of the occlusal trajectory by 1,5, a significant change in proportional participation of the sides of dentitions (p&lt;0,05) in patients of the treatment group compared to the control&#x0D; &#x0D; Prospects for further research. The conducted instrumental studies demonstrate challenging opportunities to identify individualized features of static and dynamic occlusal balance at clinical registration of intermaxillary position of ICP with the help of various registration materials and techniques.

Abstract Introduction: Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue, mainly from the extremities and gluteal region. FPLD is associated with a variety of metabolic abnormalities including severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), insulin resistance (IR), and hepatic steatosis. We present a case of FPLD and summarize recent literature on the metabolic features and their management in patients with this rare disease. Case: A 44 year old female with medical history of Type 2 DM, hypertension, hypothyroidism and recurrent pancreatitis from severe HTG was referred to our clinic. She was diagnosed with Type 2 DM in her 30s. Over the ensuing years she had significant IR requiring increasing doses of concentrated insulin (up to 250 units/day). She reported progressive loss of subcutaneous fat from extremities in the preceding 2–3 years. She had recurrent pancreatitis, including a recent hospitalization with TG&amp;gt;8000 mg/dL. On examination, she had typical features of FPLD including loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue from upper and lower extremities including gluteal region, visible skeletal muscles and veins in the extremities, and neck and truncal obesity (Fig. 1). Family history was significant for similar physical and metabolic manifestations in her father and brother. For HTG, she is treated with fibrates and high intensity statin. We avoided the use of fish oil in the patient, because she did not feel well when she was previously on this. Results of the genetic testing are pending. Discussion: FPLD is rare, predominantly autosomal dominant, disorder characterized phenotypically by variable loss of subcutaneous fat and metabolically by severe HTG and insulin resistance. The severity of metabolic derangements is proportional to the degree of the lipodystrophy. The proposed mechanism is limited capacity of adipose tissue to store fat leading to ectopic fat deposition, lipotoxicity and vascular inflammation. Diagnosis is often clinical, especially the loss of subcutaneous fat in the extremities and signs of IR, and is confirmed by genetic testing. Dunnigan syndrome is the most common type of FPLD, which occurs from an autosomal dominant missense mutation in lamin A/C (LMNA). Gene mutations encoding for PPAR-gamma, Akt2, CIDEC, perilipin and the ZMPSTE 24 enzyme are much less common. Treatment of FPLD is challenging, and mostly focuses on managing the metabolic abnormalities. Recent evidence suggests that fish oil may in fact worsen HTG when the main defect driving increased TG is impaired chylomicron clearance, which our patient had on lipid NMR profile. Metreleptin, a human leptin analog, has recently been approved for the management of FPLD with evidence of improved metabolic abnormalities. Recent data also suggests that GLP1 agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors improved glycemic control and reduced daily insulin requirements.

Abstract Introduction The complete blood count is one of the most frequently ordered patient blood test. It provides the most basic hematological measurements including hematocrit (Hct), white blood cell count (WBC), and platelet count (PLT). An increase in some of these markers have been shown to be associated an increased thrombotic risk. Most notablyHctfor patients with polycythemiaveraand WBC and PLT in cancer patients. Some population studies have shown an increased propensity of thrombosis among healthy individuals with elevatedHct. However these studies have not included sufficient clinical data to account for potential confounders. The aim of this study is to assess whether elevation of these hematological markers are risk factors for thrombosis in the general population. Methods Complete blood count and baseline characteristics were obtained from participants in the Reykjavik-AGES study at enrollment in 2002. The Reykjavik-AGES study, a nationwide screening study of 5755 elderly individuals, includes thorough medical history, physical examination, and blood measurements. Lifetime incidents of thrombotic events were recorded up to 2015 in the Icelandic National Health Service and cross-linked to the participants of the study through the National Registry of the total Population. Primary outcomes of arterial and venous thrombosis were considered separately 10 years before and after enrollment. Hct, WBC, and PLT were used to determine exposure and stratified into five quintiles in four respective analyses. The second quintile was used as a reference group. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine hazard ratios and confidence intervals. We then adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking (in pack years), hypertension and statin use. For arterial thrombosis we also adjusted for family history of arterial thrombosis and for venous thrombosis we censored at diagnosis of malignant neoplasm. In the analysis of WBC we also adjusted for C-reactive protein, an acute phase protein. Individuals with abnormal values of these parameters were excluded from the study (PLT &lt; 150x109/L, WBC &gt; 13x109/L or &lt; 2.0,Hct &lt; 35% were excluded) Results Crude analyses ofHctrevealed a dose dependent increased risk of arterial (hazard ratio (HR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.33, p&lt;0.001) and venous (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.80-1.34, p=0.001) thrombosis with increasing values. However, after adjusting for confounders there was no association (Table). There was no association between higher levels of PLT and increased risk of thrombosis (Table). Analysis of WBC showed a dose dependent increase in risk for arterial thrombosis (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.18-1.45, p&lt;0.001) after adjusting for confounders. A similar but weaker effect was found for venous thrombosis (HR 1.16, 95% CI1.02-1.32, p=0.027). Conclusion In this large population-based prospective cohort study including detailed clinical information on 5755 elderly individuals, we observed no association of elevatedHctor PLT with risk of arterial or venous thrombosis after adjusting for confounders. However, we found a clear increase in the thrombotic risk associated with higher WBC, especially for arterial thrombosis. We speculate this may be due to a higher baseline of leukocyte activation and a low-grade inflammatory state. These factors have been shown to play a part in thrombotic pathways. We therefore conclude WBC to be a marker for thrombotic risk within the general population. Table Table. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

<strong>I</strong><strong>NTRODUCTION</strong> Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) is a complicated, irreversible and debilitating neurodegenerative condition leading to progressive depletion of nigrostriary dopaminergic neurons leading to a loss of motor control (Hirsch, M. A., &amp; Farley, B. G. 2009). PD is composed of motor and non-motor signs and effects. The clinical phase of PD also continues with non-motor signs, and patients are not typically diagnosed at this stage of the disorder. Diagnosis happens when there are strong and noticeable motor signs, such as resting tremor, stiffness, weakened posture reflexes. At a greater point of disease development, they show an impairment due to bradykinesia, fatigue, balance and gait troubles with frequent falling (Chen, J. J. 2010). In addition, the dopaminergic side effects of treatments such as dykineasia are becoming more troublesome. In comparison, the more disease occurs, the decrease the safety and efficiency of pharmaceutical treatments. In addition, retaining a vital degree of versatility is important in order to prevent home care, lack of control and social interaction. &nbsp; The cause of PD is unclear and there is no treatment or prevention to date and this disorder mostly affects people over 50 years of age and raises prevalence and occurrence with age. As a result, the ageing of the general global population would lead to a drastic number of individuals living with PD (Dorsey, E. R.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2007). The prevalence of the disease increases rapidly with age, around 17.4 in 100 000 people aged between 50 and 59 years to 93.1 in 100 000 people aged between 70 and 79 years, with either a lifetime chance of contracting the disease of 1.5 percent (De Rijk, M. C.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;1995). Medicated&nbsp;and non-medicated treatments are proposed to be able to relieve the effects of PD patients (Pahwa, R., &amp; Lyons, K. E. 2010). &nbsp; Non-pharmacological therapies are commonly recommended for the control of impairments that do not lead to pharmacological care (Olanow, C. W.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2009). The results of PD vibratory stimulation were first mentioned by the neurophysiologist Jean Marie Charcot in the 19th century. He observed that PD patients had less symptoms while commuting with the train, and assumed in a further phase that these results originated in vibratory sensations that were produced by the train. Various vibrating platforms are currently available that are being used for therapeutic and medicinal uses. However,&nbsp;the frequencies and amplitudes of the vibratory stimuli produced vary according to which various physiological reactions occur. In addition,&nbsp;various results can occur from the number of training sets and their length, as well as time to rest periods, etc. Both these conditions focus largely on the clinical and physical conditions of the patient (Cardinale, M. A. J. W., &amp; Wakeling, J. 2005). &nbsp; The results of the body&#39;s entire vibration are potentially related to direct and indirect behaviour. The refectory neuromuscular response known as &ldquo;tonic-vibration-reflex&rdquo; (TVR)&nbsp;is obviously the best analyzed result of vibratory stimulation. From a practical point of view, the TVR is characterized by a transition of sensations to the muscular tendon system followed by a repeated muscle spindle, which contributes to reflex responses in a further phase. However further experiments have shown that this TVR differs in intensity from one subject to another, which may also explain a wide spectrum of effects on various physiological levels. For e.g: there are also direct influences on neuromuscular level reactions within the neuroendocrine system (Prisby, R. D.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2008). &nbsp; Whole-body vibration (WBV) approaches have been developed as a new alternative. A limited number of trials have examined the impact of WBV on motor symptoms in PD, with reasonably promising findings in open-label designs. In each scenario, only a set stimulus rate was used and no placebo group was used. It is therefore of fundamental importance to analyse a spectrum of doses (in this case frequencies) in contemplation to optimize possible therapeutic effects. &nbsp; <strong>M</strong><strong>ETHODOLOGY</strong> <strong>Search Strategy:</strong> The search strategy aimed to identify articles providing the<em>&nbsp;Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Parkinson Disease</em>. Research was conducted using certain medical search-engines including; MEDLINE,&nbsp;PubMed, Google-Scholar,&nbsp;Archives of physical medicine, Journal of Parkinsonism &amp; Related Disorders and rehabilitation,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Medical-Literature Analysis etc.&nbsp;The keywords used were;&nbsp;Parkinson&rsquo;s disease, Parkinson&rsquo;s disease and WBV, WBV and exercises, WBV, vibration-therapy, effects of WBV and effects of WBV on PD. The references list was screened of interested articles to identify any further relevant studies and after that titles were reviewed, abstracts and the full texts to determine their eligibility. Furthermore, several studies were included from all over the world written in English language. &nbsp; <strong>Data Synthesis:</strong> About 200 publications were extracted from online databases and 13 studies fulfilled selection criteria and were further evaluated qualitatively. Out of those, 9 studies were moderate to high quality and described the positive effects of WBV in PD patients. Moreover, other 3 showed variations between having no effects and weak effects with respect to mobility, gait, balance and motor symptoms. &nbsp; <strong>Selection Criteria</strong> Search criteria used for selection of articles included: <strong>Inclusion Criteria</strong>: Articles from 2011 to 2020 aiming for effects of WBV on PD. Articles related to effect of whole body vibration on Parkinson disease. Articles related to symptoms, mechanism and risk factors of PD. Articles published in English language. Articles with keywords PD, WBV, VT or RBV etc will be included. &nbsp; <strong>Exclusion Criteria</strong>: Articles older than 2011. Articles not relevant to effect of whole body vibration on Parkinson disease. Articles published in other than language. &nbsp; <strong>Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Parkinson Disease</strong> Presently, there is no disease modifying medication obtainable for PD, although some drugs are in active consideration and review (e.g:&nbsp;Caffeine, GDNF, KM-819, ceftriaxone), maltodextrin, Inhibitors of LRRK2 kinase etc). There are major drawbacks of clinical study for disorder modification in Parkinson&rsquo;s disease.There is also a lack of established biomarkers representing the progression of the condition; thus the modification of the disease can only be determined by delaying the progression of the symptoms. Variability in clinical phenotype and disease progression in PD is likely to reflect different pathogenetic mechanisms that may respond differently to therapeutic approaches. Therefore the proper stratification of patients with a view to ensuring targeted and accurate care could be central to the effectiveness of disease-modifying therapy in the future. However, validated and specified standards for the diagnosis of PD clinical subgroups have not yet been developed, although patients can be segregated on genetic criteria³⁴. So, before that vibration therapy is being indulged in the treatments of PD and other neurological disorders to be solved or rectified by different types of vibration therapies including; rWBV, hWBV, simple WBV, targeted BV etc. So, linking them and finding more about is facts and impacts, following are effects of WBV related to Parkinson&rsquo;s disease in comparison with different modality perspectives: &nbsp; <strong>Conventional Vibration VS Whole-Body Vibration:</strong> Rehabilitation treatment, either traditional, WBV or combined, increased functional stability in PD patients. Comparing these variations, there was a greater change relative to traditional therapy, although no distinction was found between conventional and WBV therapy. By considering patients who had missed follow-up in the worst-case scenario study, combination therapy demonstrated better success relative to WBV and traditional therapy. However, there were no variations between groups when removing HY stage III patients from the combined therapy community in the study. This research indicates that a mixture of traditional and WBV therapies can help PD patients the most in terms of functional balance, but a broader sample size of PD patients with stage III HY is required to completely validate and compare variations between group treatments^&nbsp;(Guadarrama-Molina, E.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2020). &nbsp; <strong>Gait-Velocity, Cadence and Step-Length:</strong> It is important to inquire about ambulation in PD patients specifically when considering WBV as a treatment.&nbsp;According to a study, there were no substantial variations in gait velocity, nor did WBV show any significant improvements&nbsp;in cadence, nor did WBV show any significant changes in phase length (Horn, B.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2011). Ambulation is important for the mobility of PD patients, but somehow till now WBV has not provided console results to be practiced in therapeutic treatments. &nbsp; <strong>Effect of WBV on Mobility and Balance:</strong> All in all, there has been no clear consistency with any particular mobility or balance result following WBV in Parkinson&#39;s disease patients. Several experiments found an intra-group effect after WBV. In other words, these tests demonstrated a positive, beneficial benefit after WBV relative to pre-test measurements. Three experiments have shown this effect on mobility and equilibrium, while one study has shown this effect on mobility and two studies have shown this effect on balance. The interaction effect was reported in three experiments. In other words, these experiments demonstrated a more beneficial benefit after WBV relative to the control intervention. Two of these experiments used no regulation of therapy where the patients had just slept and one study used a sham controller (A sham control is generally described as a treatment or procedure that is conducted as a control and is equivalent, but omits a main clinical feature of the treatment or procedure under investigation&nbsp;Guadarrama-Molina, E.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2020). The other research found no association effect comparing WBV with either placebo or successful therapy (Sharififar, S.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2014). &nbsp; <strong>Safety and Adverse Effects:</strong> Protection should be taken into account as earlier research has shown that workplace exposure to WBV is linked to vestibular problems, low-back pain and circulation disturbances (Pozo-Cruz, B. D.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2012). &nbsp; Health risks of vibration penetration were first reported about 100 years ago through a health survey performed by pneumatic machine tool operators. Hand vibration damage involves a vascular portion characterized by fragmented&nbsp;bleaching and a neural component characterized by diminished proprioception and agility (Mansfield, N. J. 2004).Vibration sensitivity was also linked with an increased incidence of low back pain for drivers (Bovenzi, M.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2006). Since vibration is known as an occupational hazard, legal exposure restrictions have been enforced in many countries. It is necessary to balance the possible consequences of severe side effects on the neurological and vascular systems with positive advantages when developing a full body vibration training protocol. &nbsp; Vibration mode involves higher magnitude of vertical vibration found in devices initially designed for athlete preparation and plates that alternately tilt along an axis to lift limbs (Rubin, C.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2004). Vibration frequencies observed in elderly adults ranged from 12.6 to 60 Hz, with recorded amplitudes ranging from 55 &mu;m to 8 mm, while frequencies at the lower end of this spectrum, especially in combination with amplitudes &gt;0.5 mm, have been identified to create higher peak accelerations in the body than in the medium and cause pain (Kiiski, J.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2008). Many approaches have been incremental, with increased duration, frequency or intensity of vibration. &nbsp; <strong>Invigorating Effects:</strong> The contributory factors of vibration entail enhanced bone health and neuromuscular functioning and increased bone mineral density in the femoral neck (Kiiski, J.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2008; Gusi, N.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2006; &amp; Rees, S. S.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2008)^13,16,17. In some, but not all&nbsp;cases, vibration training greatly increased muscle torque and strength as well. Enhancements in muscle function were proportionately highest in plantar flexion and to a minor extent, in knee extension (Verschueren, S. M.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2004), with hip extension/flexion, knee dorsiflexion and flexion remained unchanged. The neuromuscular benefits of vibration therapy is slightly higher than those of resistance trainings^&nbsp;(Kiiski, J.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2008; &amp; Gusi, N.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2006). WBV practices have increased gait, mobility and stability in steps that were historically linked to the fall risk (Kiiski, J.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2008; &amp; Verschueren, S. M.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2004). While there is no direct proof as to whether the frequency of falling may be minimized by entire body vibration. &nbsp; Vibration therapy can be appealing to those who are unable or unwilling to exercise. Vibration therapy can provide some possible musculoskeletal benefits, but more study is required to determine the best vibration protocol in terms of safety and effectiveness in older people. Vibration may result in adverse consequences and more research is required on the hazards and effects of WBV exposure in other organ systems. &nbsp; <strong>Placebo Effects:</strong> In different studies, it is noticed that placebo therapies may have a significant impact on the symptoms of PD, so placebo effects cannot therefore be excluded. Improvements occurred in contrast to these findings that the effects of placebo showed significant enhancement in postural control. &nbsp; <strong>Parkinsonian Symptoms on Postural Control:</strong> Variations in muscle stiffness in PD have to be taken into consideration as compared to age-matched monitors, higher co-activation in postural muscles is recorded in PD. This muscle tension impairs the regulation of equilibrium and quick responses to posture disruptions. As a result, it is theorized that the decrease in tension and stiffness of the muscles is responsible for enhancing posture flexibility (Kawanabe, K.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2007). &nbsp; A noteworthy aspect of Parkinsonism is that the simultaneous initiation of cognitive or motor functions has contributed to a substantial deterioration of PI. Subjects should carry out certain experiments on the unstable surface in order to familiarize themselves with the test conditions prior to the start of the assessment, since there are evidently already habituation effects to be considered. However this effect is explained by the sensitivity of the patient to the laboratory set-up through the study of pre and post-differences. However the large disparity between the intervention group&#39;s post-tests and the tandem standing control group indicates that there are therapy consequences involved in enhancing posture control. Moreover, in comparison, there is no noticeable change either in pre-tests or post-tests. &nbsp; <strong>D</strong><strong>ISCUSSIONS</strong> Individuals with PD have a specific range of motor and non-motor symptoms. In addition, they also face the effects of normal aging as well as any secondary pathologies and comorbidities. Taken together, these challenges often confer a reduced quality of life. Treatment has been approached primarily through medication and neurosurgical treatment, but these come with their associated limitations, namely a finite time of efficacy, surgical risks and incomplete control of treatment-resistant symptoms. To this end, alternative methods of attenuating disease progression and improving movement control without adverse effects, such as physical therapy and exercises, have been investigated. The literature clearly supports the efficacious use of such approaches as adjuncts to traditional treatment, specifically related to quality of life, locomotion, balance, and strength. &nbsp; Moreover, some studies support bodily cell growth through vibration but in the qualitative analysis, it is believed that excessive vibrational doses may aid in denaturing the structure of cells as an individual. Furthermore, WBV should be not recommended to older people of age 40 years, because in this meantime a person is indulged in several diseases such as osteoporosis, menopause and such diseases make the bones extremely fragile and using vibrational therapies will ultimately impose bad effects on bones. WBV therapeutic techniques are recommended to young individuals from the age 25 to 35 years as the muscular tone and toughness is fair enough to oppose the vibrational waves deploying towards the bone structures. &nbsp; It is also suggested that vibrations should be avoided on the chest and abdominal regions due to sensitivity to organs in human body. For instance, WBV or rWBV on chest may effect the heart-beat or vibration on abdomen area might disturb the digestive system gradually. &nbsp; <strong>R</strong><strong>ESULTS</strong> WBV exercises are highly applicable in the development of therapeutic procedures for the treatment. As opting the oscillating surfaces with WBV showed positive clinical outputs in PD patients. &nbsp; Due to the inability of medications to enhance posture equilibrium in PD, the development of non-medicated therapeutic interventions is justified in order to compensate for posture dysfunction and minimize their continuation¹⁹. The treatment of WBV may help to maintain postural stability and in turn also may enable a physically active way of life. This is an important goal in therapy, as mobility impairment is the major risk factor of falls. &nbsp; Based on the results, one can speculate about an additional device in physical therapy for PD patients. Future research needs to evaluate long term training adaptations, but it is difficult to speculate about long term effects since WBV training as well as medication have an influence on symptoms and PD is characterized by a high heterogeneity in progression. Moreover, further research studies are essential to provide further evidences and possibly reveal further benefits or risks of vibration training for older people. &nbsp; Whole body vibration (WBV) training has emerged as an alternative and effective method which allows greater short term improvement in strength and balance with less time of application. No impairments in static balance were found after an acute bout of whole body vibration at low frequency in a patient with PD, consequently, whole body vibration may be considered as a safe application in individuals with PD. To give a literary insight, following is a comprehensive table for key conclusions of previous several studies dispensing the effects of WBV (whole-body vibration) effects on Parkinson&rsquo;s disease patients: &nbsp; <strong>Table. 1:</strong>&nbsp;Detailed elaboration of previous 10 years studies providing the extracted data of effects of WBV on Parkinson&rsquo;s disease patients. <strong>Year</strong> <strong>Key Conclusions</strong> &nbsp; 2020 WBV therapy is a beneficial method and an&nbsp;alternative&nbsp;for traditional therapies. The combination of both therapies is a major clinical option for improving functional coordination in PD patients as&nbsp;compared to traditional therapy alone (Guadarrama-Molina, E.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2020). &nbsp; 2019 Comprehensive examination of cells by time-lapse image analysis showed that vibrations can promote cell growth as an early effect, but can negatively affect cell adhesion and growth profile after many passages as a delayed effect (Kanie, K.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2019). &nbsp; &nbsp; 2019 There is no conclusive proof of a PD symptom-reducing effect including&nbsp;&nbsp;motor, balance, gait, and mobility&nbsp;symptoms concerning&nbsp;WBV therapy as compared to the respective control conditions. Only a few studies have analyzed group differences in mobility and motor symptoms. Thus, the implications of vibration therapy on PD remain marginally ambiguous (Yamagami, T. 2018). &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2018 The findings of this analysis have reports to be forwarded to the PT&nbsp;clinical practice. It is best to follow a multimodal treatment strategy when dealing with people with PD. It was particularly important with the development of PD due to its variable appearance in individuals and the degree of symptoms varies on an independent scale. When treating particular deficits using task-specific strategies, it is best to evaluate the result that is consistent with the output at issue if the therapy produces significant positive progress (Horn, B.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2011). &nbsp; 2016 &nbsp; The variation of recovery&nbsp;and time span&nbsp;(less than one year of drug-free therapy) provided evidence to&nbsp;reinstituting of tensegrity can lead to positive changes in motor functions (J&ouml;bges, M.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2004). &nbsp; 2016 &nbsp; In most of the subjects, after 12 months of WBV, it&nbsp;showed improvement in motor&nbsp;abilities. It can be concluded that this is in PD patients with WBV therapy that can supplement standard prescriptions (Vucolova, L. 2016). 2016 &nbsp; In most subjects, mainly women, ADL score and well-being increased after&nbsp;year of WBV therapy (Karbowniczek, A.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2016). &nbsp; 2016 &nbsp; The&nbsp;study&nbsp;indicate that prolonged vibration is a frequent trigger factor for early onset of PD, culminating in worsening movement disorders, progressing to impairment and significantly decreasing the well-being in patients, hampering and making care more difficult (Turgunkhujaev, O.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2016). &nbsp; 2016 &nbsp; Moderate, continuous and integrative WBV therapy&nbsp;increases notably the peak performance of the lower limbs in PD patients, although this effect is greatly delayed (about half a year) with respect to the start of treatment (Niewiadomski, W.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2016). &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2014 WBV has revealed minor&nbsp;but positive effects on the stability and mobility of people with Parkinson&#39;s disease. The effect of various types of equipment and parameters on the diagnostic outcome is undefined but can contribute in conflicting outcomes. &nbsp;Future research on WBV, in particular on how parameters respond to clinical outcomes, could act as a catalyst for broader and more clinically relevant effects backing WBV^&nbsp;(Sharififar, S.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2014). &nbsp; &nbsp; 2012 There are&nbsp;considerable evidences&nbsp;that single&nbsp;exposure of WBV has good impacts on control, while there is a poor form of evidence that WBV could develop proprioception. Furthermore, with regard to the&nbsp;continuous outcomes of WBV, there is no evidence from reports that&nbsp;enhances control, proprioception, mobility&nbsp;and balance. Yet more analysis on treatment is&nbsp;needed²⁹. &nbsp; 2011 WBV therapy&nbsp;has resulted in substantial changes in mobility and balance at all frequencies, but not to a higher degree than placebo (Chouza, M.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2011). &nbsp; &nbsp; 2011 There is unsatisfactory data to justify or disprove the efficacy of WBV therapy&nbsp;in improving sensorimotor outcomes in individuals&nbsp;with PD. More good quality studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of WBV in the progress of sensorimotor function in PD (Pozo-Cruz, B. D.&nbsp;<em>et al.,</em>&nbsp;2012). &nbsp; <strong>C</strong><strong>ONCLUSIONS</strong> Parkinson&rsquo;s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes trembling in limbs, stiffness of muscles and indicates difficulty in ambulation, balancing and organizing the proper gait. Parkinson&rsquo;s symptoms gradually starts and worsen over time. Is is estimated that 10 million people have PD worldwide and clinically it is believed that it may be prevalent in above 50 years of age. Till now there no pharmacological remedies for Parkinson&rsquo;s disease to reverse it symptoms or shows any improvements. And those medicines which are prescribed usually trigger the symptoms at later stages. &nbsp; Whereas, whole body vibration (WBV) training has emerged as an alternative and effective method which allows greater short term improvement in strength and balance with less time of application. No impairments in static balance were found after an acute bout of whole body vibration at low frequency in a patient with PD, consequently, whole body vibration may be considered as a safe application in individuals with PD. &nbsp; <strong>Acknowledgments</strong> My work is dedicated to Lady of Light and Purity Fatima (PBUH), the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). 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(2018).&nbsp;<em>Effects of whole body vibration versus agility training on gait parameters for individuals with parkinson&rsquo;s disease</em>&nbsp;(Doctoral dissertation). Horn, B., Balk, J., &amp; Gold, J. I. (2011). Revisiting the sham: is it all smoke and mirrors?.&nbsp;<em>Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine</em>,&nbsp;<em>2011</em>. Guadarrama-Molina, E., Barr&oacute;n-G&aacute;mez, C. E., Estrada-Bellmann, I., Mel&eacute;ndez-Flores, J. D., Ram&iacute;rez-Casta&ntilde;eda, P., Hern&aacute;ndez-Su&aacute;rez, R. M. G., ... &amp; Salas-Fraire, O. (2020). Comparison of the effect of whole-body vibration therapy versus conventional therapy on functional balance of patients with Parkinson&rsquo;s disease: adding a mixed group.&nbsp;<em>Acta Neurologica Belgica</em>, 1-8. Sharififar, S., Coronado, R. A., Romero, S., Azari, H., &amp; Thigpen, M. (2014). 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Introduction: Hip and knee arthroplasty, formerly known as the “gold standard” in the treatment of articular cartilage damage, after a period of being highly popular, are changing the way they are perceived over time due to their related complications. The number of complications is directly proportional to the number of prostheses placed. This is the case of numerus arthroplasty surgeries, also involving other joints. Since there is no tissue compatibility between the metal prosthesis and the bone tissue, the former represents a negative biological element that hinders the healing of the fracture. Objective of the study: The study aims at addressing the following questions: 1. What is the elasticity of the fixation with a locking plate depending on the number of screws in both fragments, in the case of interfractural diastasis?, 2. What is the elasticity of the fixation with a locking plate depending on the number of screws in both fragments, in the case of fracture-on-fracture compression? 3. What is the difference in elasticity of the fixation using the cable system on a fracture with prosthesis?, 4. Determining the influence of different stabilization setups with the locking plate screws on the spacing of the fracture on the static and dynamic experimental model, 5. Is it possible to achieve elasticity of the stabilization stimulating bone union in a plate-based fixation, and when? Material and methods: The study was performed in the research laboratory of ChM. The subject of the study was the ChM 5.0 ChLP straight narrow compression locking plate with limited contact L-238, holes-15. The plate was mounted using ChM 3.5 locking screws: 5.0 ChLP 3.5 x 18T self-tapping screw and 5.0 ChLP 3.5 x 36T self-tapping screw. The test was carried out under static and dynamic conditions. Results and Conclusions: 1. The elasticity of the fixation with a locking plate at the interfractural diastasis is inversely proportional to the number of screws (plate deflection), 2. The elasticity of the fixation with a locking plate at the fracture-on-fracture compression is inversely proportional to the number of screws (fracture-on-fracture compression), 3. Application of the “cable system” on the fracture with prosthesis and the derotation screw optimizes the elasticity of the fixation and seems to be an optimal solution (in periprosthetic fractures), 4. Studies on the experimental static and dynamic model demonstrated that placing screws in all the openings of the plate is a restrained/clinically useless fixation. 5. The elasticity of the stabilization stimulating bone union can be obtained in the plate fixation supported by the "cable system".

AbstractHigher serum cholesterol levels have been associated with an increased risk of dry eye disease (DED). The relationship between statin (HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor) use and DED in patients with hyperlipidemia remains unclear. To investigate the association between statin use and the risk of DED in patients with hyperlipidemia, we conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study utilizing data from Taiwan's Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database. Patients were categorized into statin users and nonusers, with a 5‐year follow‐up period. The study identified patients with newly diagnosed hyperlipidemia, excluding those with prior DED diagnoses. Matching and adjustments for covariates resulted in 41,931 individuals in each group. Patients receiving statin therapy were compared with those unexposed. Cumulative exposure doses were also evaluated to assess dose–response relationships. The primary outcome was the incidence of DED diagnosed during the follow‐up period. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the risk of DED, and conditional logistic regression analyzed the dose–response effect of statin exposure. Among 41,931 matched pairs, statin users exhibited a slightly increased risk of developing DED compared with nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11; p &lt; 0.01). However, no dose–response relationship was observed between statin exposure and DED risk. Statin use among patients with hyperlipidemia is associated with a marginally higher risk of DED. These findings underscore the importance of regular eye examinations in this patient population to facilitate early detection and management of DED.

IntroductionData on the association between Type D personality, its traits negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), and risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in coronary outpatients is sparse. Furthermore, the associations between Type D subgroups and cardiovascular risk factors are largely unknown.MethodsWe investigated i) Type D personality, NA and SI and risk of recurrent MACE, and ii) the relationship between Type D subgroups and risk factors in a coronary population. This prospective cohort study included 1083 patients` median 16 months after a myocardial infarction and/or a revascularization procedure who were followed-up for 4.2 (SD 0.4) years. Type D personality was assessed by DS14. Anxiety and depression, statin adherence, and risk factors were assessed by patients’ self-report and a clinical examination with blood samples. MACE, defined as cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, stroke or heart failure, were obtained from hospital records from index event to end of study lasting 5.7 years. Data were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression.ResultsIn all, 352 MACE occurred in 230 patients after average 4.2 years follow-up. Higher NA score was associated with MACE after adjustment for age, risk factors and comorbidity (HR 1.02 per unit increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), whereas we found a weaker, not statistically significant estimated effect of higher SI score. After additional adjustment for symptoms of anxiety and depression, we found a weaker, not statistically significant association between NA and MACE (HR 1.01 per unit increase, 95% CI 0.98-1.05). Low statin adherence and smoking were more prevalent in the Type D and high NA group.DiscussionOur results indicate that the NA trait is related to worse prognosis in outpatients with coronary artery disease.

BackgroundNon-HDL-C is well established causal risk factor for the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, there remains a controversial pattern of how non-HDL-C relates to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and the concentration of non-HDL-C where the risk of mortality is lowest is not defined.MethodsA population-based cohort study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2014. Male participants without statin therapy were divided into the six groups according to non-HDL-C levels (&amp;lt;100, 100–129, 130–159, 160–189, 190–219, ≥220 mg/dl). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were conducted with a hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). To further explore the relationship between non-HDL-C and mortality, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, restricted cubic spline curves, and subgroup analysis were performed.ResultsAmong 12,574 individuals (average age 44.29 ± 16.37 years), 1,174(9.34%) deaths during a median follow-up 98.38 months. Both low and high non-HDL-C levels were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, indicating a U-shaped association. Threshold values were detected at 144 mg/dl for all-cause mortality and 142 mg/dl for cardiovascular mortality. Below the threshold, per 30 mg/dl increase in non-HDL-C reduced a 28 and 40% increased risk of all-cause (p &amp;lt; 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.0037), respectively. Inversely, above the threshold, per 30 mg/dl increase in non-HDL-C accelerated risk of both all-cause mortality (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20, p = 0.0057) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.54, p = 0.0028).ConclusionsNon-HDL-C was U-shaped related to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among men without statin therapy.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is known to be associated with the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC). However, the relative risks of CAC progression according to the presence of MetS and individual components of MetS in young adults are unknown. Purpose We investigated the impact of MetS, the number of meeting MetS components (metabolic burden), and each component of MetS on CAC progression in statin-naïve young adults. Also, we evaluated the association between the change of metabolic burden and CAC progression. Methods From the KOrea Initiatives on Coronary Artery calcification (KOICA) registry, we included 2,151 asymptomatic adults aged between 20 and 45 years who underwent serial coronary artery calcium scans as a part of health examination. The difference of ≥2.5 between the square roots of coronary artery calcium score at the baseline and follow-up measured by Agatston units was defined as CAC progression. We estimated the risk of CAC progression according to the presence of MetS, individual components of MetS, and metabolic burden using Cox proportional-hazards models. Among young adults with MetS, the impact of the metabolic burden decrement on CAC progression was evaluated by a logistic regression model. Results Of 2,151 young adults (mean age 41.3±3.8 years, male 85.4%), 488 (22.7%) adults had MetS at baseline health examination. During a median follow-up of 2.1 years, CAC progression was observed in 325 (15.1%) adults. MetS was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAC progression after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.97–3.42, p&amp;lt;0.001. There was a positive linear correlation between metabolic burden and the risk of CAC progression with an approximately 7-fold higher risk in the group having metabolic burden of 4–5 (aHR 7.22, 95% CI: 4.10–12.72, p&amp;lt;0.001) than in the group without. Among each component of MetS, elevated blood pressure (BP), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and elevated triglycerides (TG) were associated with the risk of CAC progression, demonstrating the strongest contribution of elevated BP (aHR 2.67, 95% CI: 2.00–3.56, p&amp;lt;0.001). Of note, a decrease of more than one metabolic burden in the follow-up examination was associated with the reduced risk of CAC progression in MetS adults than the others: odds ratio (95% CI), 0.46 (0.22–0.98), p=0.044. Conclusions In statin-naïve young adults, the metabolic burden is associated with CAC progression in a dose-response relationship. Elevated BP, TG, and IFG are metabolic derangements requiring special attention to care, and an improvement in metabolic imbalance might have a preventive effect on CAC progression. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Numerical and computer modelling have been playing a significant role in the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) process of many products over the most recent 60 years. Simulation offers extraordinary benefits in the turn of events and examination period of items and offers a quicker, better and more practical way than utilizing actual models alone. A leaf spring is the simplest type of suspension framework, widely used in heavy commercial vehicles. commercial simulation software and experimental analysis was carried out for the model of electric auto rickshaw leaf spring. Considering electric auto rickshaw’s own weight and seven passenger’s weight with factor of safety, the material selection for leaf spring was 50Cr1V23 which have good mechanical and chemical properties for using as leaf spring. Leaf spring was fabricated by using this alloy 50Cr1V23 for designed dimensions. Deflection and stress has been calculated theoretically for same load as commercial simulation software analysis. The computational analysis was carried out on commercial simulation software 18.2. In this research work leaf spring has been analysed using commercial simulation software static analysis considering inter-leaf contact, the stress distribution, strain and deflection obtained. The results highlight theoretical deflection, stress and strain compare with commercial simulation software results. The comparison results showed that results varied 8.9 % deflection and 7.33% stress in commercial simulation software results from theoretical results. Deflection vs. force, stress vs. strain graph plotted from commercial simulation software analysis results and graph showed that they were proportional to each other’s.

BackgroundStatins are one of the most widely prescribed medicines in clinical practice. Their benefits have extended beyond cardiovascular applications to reduce serum uric acid levels. This study aims to investigate the relationship of hyperuricemia with the risk of all-cause mortality among individuals taking statins.MethodA retrospective cohort study was performed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database between 2005 and 2018. The weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the relationship between hyperuricemia and all cause-mortality.ResultsA total of 1,958 participants were enrolled for analysis. Of them 1,429 participants were with normal uric acid levels and 529 people were with hyperuricemia. After 12 years of follow-up, there were 267 participants who died from all-cause mortality in the non-hyperuricemia group and 136 died in the hyperuricemia group. Additionally, 32.49% of participants took more than five kinds of medicines in the non-hyperuricemia group compared to 42.05% participants in the hyperuricemia group. Even after adjusting for confounding factors, we found that the serum uric acid (SUA) level was significantly correlated with all-cause mortality among statin users (HR = 1.13, 95% CI:1.02–1.24, p = 0.0161). Additionally, hyperuricemia resulted in significant increases in all-cause mortality relative to non-hyperuricemia participants in three models (HR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.16–1.96, P = 0.0023).ConclusionAlthough statins have been shown to reduce uric acid levels, hyperuricemia is still significantly associated with the all-cause mortality in people taking statins. Those taking statins and having hyperuricemia should pay special attention to their SUA level.