Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Proposal of measures'

Diploma thesis is focused on risk management of Obchodní společnost Slokov, a.s. which is engaged in production of heating equipment. Thesis contains issues of risk management, risk analysis and proposal of measures which will eliminate the result of identified risks. The first part of thesis is focused on theoretical background, which describes the analytical methods and basics of risk management. The second part includes application of the selected methods. Risk identification of company is performed. Risks were found by internal and external analysis and method of risk analysis. In the conclusion of thesis are recommendation to help minimize risks in company on preventive or corrective level.

Diploma thesis on strategy of a specific business project discusses a formation of the common European hockey league and its penetration into the European market. Based on an analysis of the newly created project strategy, survey with fans of the Czech hockey team and information obtained from the stakeholders, biggest challenges for the competition were set and recommendations for improvement were proposed.

Diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of selected process of company JOSA KOVO s.r.o. and on the detection of selected risks. Acquired knowledge from the theoretical part is utilized for the application of selected risk analysis method in the practical part. Detection of risks will be performed with the use of analysis of internal and external company environment and risk analysis method. Identified risks will be evaluated and with the use of acquired knowledge there will be made a proposal of recommendations and measures, which will lead to reduction of risks. Diploma thesis provides a comprehensive view of measuring and reducing risks in business environment, in terms of theoretical methods and also practical application for a selected company.

I produktionen för ett byggnadsprojekt krävs ett optimalt produktionsflöde för att uppnå bästa ekonomiska och kvalitetsmässiga resultat. Dock uppstår problem i produktionen som leder till ett försämrat produktionsflöde som resulterar i kostnadsökningar och en förlängd byggtid. Målet med detta arbete var att identifiera de problem som uppstår i produktionen för att sedan utvärdera och analysera möjliga åtgärdsförslag på dessa problem. Arbetet har genomförts på uppdrag av företaget X där undersökningar har utförts vid deras projekt Y, som också ligger till grund för resultatet.  Genom insamlad information från intervjuer, litteraturstudier och en enkätundersökning har problem och möjliga åtgärder identifierats. Det har arbetats fram åtta åtgärdsförslag som har analyserats och utvärderats med hänsyn till den insamlade informationen. Fyra av åtgärdsförslagen har ytterligare analyserats och utvärderats på ett djupgående sätt genom kostnadsberäkningar, för att utvärdera den ekonomiska lönsamheten för dessa.   Resultatet av examensarbetet visar att flera av de åtgärdsförslag som utvärderats medför ett positivt resultat, där arbeten utanför ordinarie arbetstid medför den största kostnadsbesparingen. Det framgår även att uppförande av extra antal bygghissar inte medför ett lönsamt resultat. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att de bäst lämpade åtgärdsförslagen bör vara införande av överlappstider vid raster, för att undvika väntetider på bygghissar och inbärning av material utanför ordinarie arbetstid, för att reducera spilltiden under den ordinarie arbetstiden.  Dessa förslag går att införa med små åtgärder till skillnad från införande av arbete utanför ordinarie arbetstid som kräver en större åtgärd. En rekommendation till företaget är att vidare analysera de åtgärdsförslag som det inte genomförts kostnadsberäkningar för. Utifrån en analys av dessa åtgärdsförslag bör det kunna konstateras att fler detaljerade arbetsberedningar, en ökad mängd erfarenhetsåterföringar och deltagande av underentreprenörer och lagbasar vid ett tidigare skede i projektet kan bidra till ytterligare förbättringar av produktionsflödet.
In the production of a construction project an optimal production flow is required in order to achieve the best economic and quality results. However, problems arise in the production which leads to a decreased production flow that causes increased costs and an extended construction period. The purpose of this work was to identify the problems that occur in the production to then evaluate and analyze possible proposals to solve these issues. The work was commissioned by company X where investigations have been carried out at their project Y, which also forms the basis of the results. Through information gathered from interviews, literature studies and a survey have problems and possible measures been identified. It has been developed eight proposals for action which have been analyzed and evaluated with regard to the gathered information. Four of the proposed measures have been further analyzed and evaluated in a profound way by cost estimates, to evaluate the economic profit of these proposals. The results of the thesis show that several of the proposed measures that have been evaluated results in a positive outcome, where work outside normal working hours provided the greatest cost savings. It is also clear that insertion of additional number of building elevators do not entail a profitable result. The conclusion drawn is that the best suited proposals for action should be the introduction of overlapping times during breaks, to avoid waiting times for the building elevators and transportation of materials outside normal working hours, in order to minimize interruption times during regular working hours. These proposals can be introduced with small resources in contrast to the introduction of work outside normal working hours that demands a greater measure. A recommendation for the company is to further analyze the proposed measures that have not been calculated with regards to cost estimates. Based on an analysis of these proposals it should be concluded that more detailed work preparations, an increased amount of experience reversals and participation of the subcontractors and foremen at an earlier stage in the project can contribute to further improvements in production flows.

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O crescimento maciço da quantidade de dados que as empresas, organizações e a sociedade foram obrigadas a lidar, reforça a necessidade de estudos sobre Business Intelligence, Business Intelligence Analytics e Big data. Este assunto permanece na agenda das empresas como uma das prioridades e vem se tornando cada vez mais relevante, visto que os dados e as informações compreendem a matéria-prima a partir da qual as empresas desenvolvem as suas estratégias de negócios para competir em um mundo mais complexo e rápido. Portanto, entender como explorar melhor os dados disponíveis é hoje uma disciplina de grande importância, não só como uma questão de negócios, mas também como um tema de pesquisa acadêmica. Neste cenário, onde se busca o melhor uso dos dados, o presente estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver uma pesquisa científica que permita medir a capacidade de uma organização transformar os dados em valor para o negócio. Embora certos aspectos do tema Business Intelligence, Business Intelligence Analytics e Big data já estejam bem definidos entre os pesquisadores, ainda há uma falta de compreensão e consenso sobre quais são os antecedentes do construto Business Intelligence Analytics (BIA) e quais combinações de variáveis levam a um melhor uso dos dados. Além disso, embora vários pesquisadores tenham endereçado o tema sucesso em BIA com diferentes abordagens, evidenciamos a falta de estudos que comprovem sua eficácia. Neste estudo, estamos propondo um modelo conceitual integrado para Business Intelligence Analytics Capability (BIAC), com escalas que possibilitem testar sua eficácia. Em última análise, o modelo proposto BIAC poderá ser posteriormente aplicado pelas empresas que desejem avaliar seu nível de maturidade na BIA.
The massive growth in the amount of data that companies, organizations, and society have been compelled to deal with, reinforce the need for studies on Business Intelligence, Business Intelligence Analytics and Big data. This subject remains among business agenda of priorities and has become more and more relevant since data and information comprise the raw material from which business strategies are developed to compete in a more complex and fast world. Therefore, understanding how to better exploit the available data is today a matter of great importance, not only as a business issue but also as an academic research topic. Within this scenario, where the best use of data is sought, the present study aims at developing a scientific research that enables to measure the capability of an organization to transform data into business value. Although certain aspects of the theme Business Intelligence, Business Intelligence Analytics and Big data are already established between researchers, there is still a lack of understanding and consensus on which are the antecedents of a Business Intelligence Analytics construct (BIA), and how to combine variables to enforce a better use of data. In addition, although researchers have addressed success in BIA by different approaches, we have also identified a lack of studies proving its effectiveness. In this study, we are proposing an integrated conceptual model for Business Intelligence Analytics Capability (BIAC) with proper scales to test its effectiveness. Ultimately, the BIAC may later be applied by firms to assess their level of maturity in BIA.

Adaptive ramp metering (ARM) is a widely popular intelligent transportation system (ITS) tool that boasts the ability to reduce congestion and streamline traffic flow during peak hour periods while maintaining a lower implementation cost than traditional methods such as freeway widening. This thesis explores the effectiveness of ARM implementation on an 18 mile segment of the Interstate 80 (I-80) corridor in the Bay Area residing in northern California. Smaller segments of this particular segment were analyzed to determine the effective length of ARM on efficiency at various lengths originating from a known bottleneck location. Efficiency values were also compared against a control segment of the Interstate 280 (I-280) in San Jose to provide a test site experiencing similar traffic congestion but without any ARM implementation. An Empirical Bayes analysis was conducted to provide the foundation of a safety evaluation of the ramp metering implementation and determine a counterfactual estimate of expected collisions had ARM implementation not occurred. It was found that the installation of the ramp meters did allow for some marginal increases in efficiency but may not be entirely associated with ARM implementation due to a variety of external factors as well as showing inconsistent behavior between analyzed segments. Regarding safety, the predictive model estimates 32.8 collisions to occur along a 0.5 mile segment within a three-year timeframe if ARM were not installed, which implies substantial improvements in safety conditions. However additional efficiency and safety data within the “after” period may be necessary to provide a more robust and conclusive evaluation as the ARM system is still relatively new.

In February 2015 the U.S. Department of Justice confirmed that it had reached an agreement with Standard & Poor’s, the largest credit rating agency, so that it would pay a record $1.375 billion fine for defrauding investors during the Financial Crisis. This record fine has been heralded as an indicator of the State’s ability to effectively punish transgressions within the financial markets. However, upon closer inspection, the credit rating agencies have continued transgressing. Therefore, this thesis aims to show why this discipline has been ineffective in terms of impacting upon the credit rating agencies’ appetite, and ability, to transgress. In focusing upon one small, yet significant, aspect of the credit rating industry, this thesis examines the effect of ancillary service provision upon the conduct of the credit rating agencies. It is found that the revenues and profits garnered from the ancillary service divisions of Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s far outweigh the record fines that are being given to them. This fact, when combined with the understanding that these divisions have no positive impact upon the transparency, or indeed the accuracy of credit rating agency output, means that the discipline deemed appropriate by the State is being entirely nullified by divisions that can be removed; this thesis therefore calls for that removal and presents a detailed proposal to that end. This thesis embarks upon this endeavour in an attempt to reduce the ability of such a critically-important component of the financial sector to transgress. This is important because the impact of destructive finance upon society in 2008, and ever since, has not been witnessed since the Great Depression. In order to spare society from bearing the brunt of another collapse because of the iniquities of the marketplace, this thesis also calls for the reimagining of the economic reform process so that the safeguarding of society, and in particular the most vulnerable in society, is prioritised over the extraction of wealth by a small number of people.

The purpose of this thesis is to show that stable isotope analysis can be used to predict K'inich Yax K'uk Mo's stable isotope measures based on Stuart's (2007) hypothesis that K'inich Yax K'uk Mo', the dynastic founder of the Copan royal lineage, was a Caracol lord. There is significant and convincing evidence that K'inich Yak K'uk Mo' had a non-Copanec origin. Stable isotope analysis is a tested and reliable method for detailing diets and migratory paths of ancient humans and this theory is applied as a predictor of the stable isotope measures of K'inich Yax K'uk Mo', if he did in fact originate in Caracol. The literature is rich with explanations of stable isotopes and the writings of a few stalwarts in the field were utilized to gain an understanding of the associated technologies and techniques utilized in its analysis. Data from the Copan (Whittington and Reed 1997) and Caracol (Chase and Chase 2001) stable isotope studies were utilized to show the application of stable isotope analysis in areas "associated" with K'inich Yax K'uk Mo' and to illustrate how the palace diet identified by Chase and Chase (2001; Chase et al. 2001) could be aligned with the Stuart hypothesis to predict the stable isotope ranges for K'inich Yax K'uk Mo'.
ID: 030423403; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-79).
M.A.
Masters
Anthropology
Sciences

Dans le contexte actuel, les organisations doivent faire face à l'ouverture, la compétitivité et la mondialisation. Pour cela, elles doivent constamment évoluer et s'améliorer. Dans ces conditions, elles sont amenées à rejoindre des réseaux industriels afin d’assurer une bonne compétitivité.Pour cela, une collaboration efficace entre organisations joue un rôle central dans la réalisationdes activités des processus industriels et il est essentiel de parvenir à une amélioration globale etcontinue de tous les processus. Au sein d’un réseau industriel, chaque organisation constitue ellemême un réseau organisationnel d'acteurs qui doivent collaborer pour la réalisation d’activités. Lacollaboration reste donc un facteur clé. Elle peut être vue comme un ensemble d’interactions entreles acteurs impliqués dans la réalisation des processus industriels. Par conséquent, lacollaboration constitue un domaine pertinent où la mesure de performances peut s’appliquer.Ainsi, nos travaux de recherche sont axés sur la définition d’une méthodologie de caractérisationde la collaboration entre organisations à partir des interactions entre leurs acteurs. L’approche développée dans cette thèse est basée sur le principe du retour d’expérience : chaque expérience de collaboration est capitalisée dans une base d’expériences à des fins de réutilisation ultérieure. Dans notre approche, les collaborations futures sont ainsi basées sur la réutilisation de collaborations passées. A cet égard, deux objectifs globaux sont définis dans nos travaux : 1. La caractérisation d’un modèle d’expérience de collaboration mise en œuvre au cours d'un processus industriel en tenant compte des organisations et des acteurs qui réalisent les activités. Le modèled’expérience doit permettre de représenter les performances d’un point de vue collaboration mais également d’un point de vue processus. 2. La définition d’une approche permettant d’améliorer les collaborations futures en exploitant les expériences passées. Cette thèse décrit donc laproposition d’une approche de capitalisation et de réutilisation des expériences passées afin defaciliter la définition des collaborations futures en tenant compte des performances du processusindustriel mais également des performances de la collaboration. Ce travail fournit une approchenovatrice qui réside dans le fait que nous intégrons explicitement la réutilisation de l'expérienceafin de définir des collaborations futures au niveau des organisations et des acteurs. Les principales contributions de cette thèse sont : - La définition d'un modèle de collaboration pour la caractérisation des expériences de collaboration. Le modèle de collaboration proposé formalise les éléments clés d'un processus industriel tels que les organisations, les contrats, lesengagements, les exigences, les activités, les acteurs et leurs interactions. Cette formalisation facilite la capitalisation de l'expérience pour sa réutilisation future. - Une méthodologie d'évaluationcollaborative pour la capitalisation d'expériences afin d'analyser la collaboration et la performancetout au long d'un processus industriel. L'analyse de la collaboration est basée sur une évaluation standard dans l'intérêt d'une comparaison précise de la collaboration et de l'évaluation desperformances entre organisations. Comme pour le point précédent, l'évaluation standard de la collaboration et de la performance permet la capitalisation de l'expérience et sa réutilisation future.- Un système de réutilisation d’expériences qui permet d’identifier les expériences de collaborationentre organisations les plus similaires vis-à-vis de l’expérience courante et de les réutiliser en lesadaptant
In the current changing market-place which is characterized by openness, competitiveness and globalization, today's organizations must continuously evolve and improve. As a result of thesemarket conditions, organizations are coerced to join industrial networks to maintain their business efficiency. In order to achieve this endeavor, effective collaboration between organizations plays a central role to carry out activities in industrial processes and it is essential to accomplish an overall improvement of any process. Furthermore, each organization which participates in industrial networks is, at the same time, an organizational network of actors who work for it. Therefore, collaboration remains a key factor but this time seen from the interactions between actors involvedin industrial processes. Hence, collaboration has become one of the relevant areas of performance measurement. Then, a need arises to define a methodology for collaboration characterization between organizations based on the interactions between actors. Also, the experience reuse principles are an interesting approach to define future collaborations based on past experiences. In this regard, two global objectives are defined in our work: 1. How to characterize collaboration during an industrial process or project taking into consideration organizations and actors who work for them? 2. How to define and improve future collaborations based on knowledge of past experiences? This thesis work describes a proposition of an approach of capitalization and reuse of experiences in order to facilitate the definition of future collaborations taking into account the performance and collaboration dimensions of past experiences. This work provides a novel approach which lies in the fact that we explicitly integrate an experience reuse approach in order to define future collaborations at an organizations level and actors level. The main contributions of this Ph.D. thesis are: • The definition of a collaboration model for experience collaboration characterization. The proposed collaboration model formalizes the key elements of an industrial process such as organizations, contracts, commitments, requirements, activities, actors and their interactions. This formalization facilitates the experience capitalization for its future reuse.• A collaboration evaluation methodology for experience capitalization in order to analyze thecollaboration and the performance throughout an industrial process. The analysis of thecollaboration is based on a standard evaluation in the interest of an accurate comparison ofcollaboration and performance evaluation between organizations. As with the previous item, thestandard evaluation of collaboration and performance allows the experience capitalization and itsfuture reuse.• An experience reuse system that allows defining the best collaboration experiences betweenorganizations and actors concerning partial information of the new experience

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Capes
O processo de ocupação e crescimento dos centros urbanos comumente se dá a partir de um planejamento urbano empírico, atendendo a interesses de pequenos grupos sociais, e desarticulado de outros fatores que compõem uma cidade, como a bacia hidrográfica na qual o município está inserido, o relevo, o regime de chuvas da região, que interferem no sistema de drenagem de águas pluviais e podem apresentar riscos às pessoas que residem em áreas ocupadas indevidamente. O aumento desordenado de áreas impermeáveis nos centros urbanas causa impactos ao meio ambiente e danos à população, como alagamentos e inundações, caso não seja feito através de um processo de planejamento. O maior número de espaços impermeáveis gera altos escoamentos superficiais e levam os sistemas de drenagem, muitas vezes inadequados, ao seu limite de funcionamento. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho simulou a aplicação de medidas compensatórias sustentáveis de baixo impacto, coberturas verdes, pavimentos permeáveis e jardins de chuva, em duas microbacias do município de Campina Grande – PB, a fim de mitigar os problemas no sistema de drenagem urbana do município. O software de simulação hidrológica utilizado foi o SWMM – Storm Water Management Model, com o objetivo de analisar a redução do escoamento superficial em bacias com alto e médio risco a alagamentos e inundações. As medidas compensatórias de drenagem urbana foram aplicadas em dois cenários: de uso atual observado no momento da pesquisa e com a impermeabilização máxima prevista em legislação. Os resultados indicaram desempenho satisfatório na implementação de todas as medidas, com reduções de até 100% de escoamento, porém, a eficiência na redução do volume de escoamento gerado varia de acordo com as áreas e critérios de aplicação. O uso das medidas propostas não é capaz de minimizar todos os impactos hidrológicos do uso e ocupação urbana mal planejados, mas os resultados deste estudo sugerem que as infraestruturas sustentáveis devem ser discutidas como um novo método de controle de inundação urbana, juntamente com o manejo e controle do uso e ocupação do solo. Espera-se que estes resultados contribuam para estudos futuros, a fim de que a cidade de Campina Grande, bem como outras cidades com problemas semelhantes, alcance um nível eficiente e sustentável de prestação dos serviços de drenagem urbana.
The process of occupation and growth of urban centers is usually based on an empirical urban planning, considering the interests of small social groups, and disjointed from other factors that compose a city, such as the hydrographic basin in which the municipality is inserted, the relief, the region's rainfall regime, which interfere with the rainwater drainage system and may present risks to people residing in unduly occupied areas. The disorderly increase of impermeable areas in urban centers causes impacts to the environment and damage to the population, such as floods, if is not done through a planning process. The greater number of impermeable spaces generates high surface runoffs and lead to drainage systems, often inadequate, at their limits of operation. In this sense, the present work sought to apply sustainable low-impact compensatory measures, green roofs, permeable pavements and rain gardens, in two small basins of the city of Campina Grande - PB, in order to mitigate the problems in the urban drainage system of the municipality. The hydrological simulation software used was the SWMM - Storm Water Management Model, with the objective of analyzing the reduction of surface runoff in basins with high and medium risk to floods. The urban drainage compensatory measures were applied in two scenarios: current use observed at the time of the research and with the maximum waterproofing provided in legislation. The results showed a satisfactory performance, with, in some cases, 100% of flor reduction, in the implementation of all the measures, however, the efficiency in the reduction of the volume generated varies according to the areas and criterias` application. The use of the proposed measures is not capable of minimizing all hydrological impacts of urban use and occupation, but the results of this study suggest that sustainable infrastructures should be discussed as a new method of urban flood control, along with the management and control of land use and occupation. It is expected that these results will contribute to future studies, so that the city of Campina Grande, as well as other cities with similar problems, reach an efficient and sustainable level of urban drainage services.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The growing popularity and continuing development of cloud computing services is ever evolving and is slowly being integrated into our daily lives through our interactions with electronic devices. Cloud Computing has been heralded as the solution for enterprises to reduce information technology infrastructure cost by buying cloud services as a utility. While this premise is generally correct, in certain industries for example banking, the sensitive nature of the information submitted to the cloud for storage or processing places information security responsibilities on the party using the cloud services as well as the party providing them. Problems associated with cloud computing are loss of control, lack of trust between the contracting parties in the cloud relationship (customer and cloud service provider) and segregating data securely in the virtual environment. The risk and responsibilities associated with data loss was previously mainly reputational in nature but with the promulgation and signing by the South African Parliament of the Protection of Personal Information Bill (POPI) in August 2013 these responsibilities to protect information are in the process to be legislated in South Africa. The impact of the new legislation on the cloud computing environment needs to be investigated as the requirements imposed by the Bill might render the use of cloud computing in regard to sensitive data nonviable without replacing some of the IT infrastructure cost benefits that cloud computing allows with increased data security costs. In order to investigate the impact of the new POPI legislation on cloud computing, the components and characteristics of the cloud will be studied and differentiated from other forms of computing. The characteristics of cloud computing are the unique identifiers that differentiate it from Grid and Cluster computing. The component study is focused on the service and deployment models that can be associated with cloud computing. The understanding obtained will be used to compile a new definition of cloud computing. By utilizing the cloud definition of what components and processes constitute cloud computing the different types of data security processes and technical security measures can be implemented are studied. This will include information management and governance policies as well as technical security measures such as encryption and virtualisation security. The last part of the study will be focussed on the Bill and the legislated requirements and how these can be complied with using the security processes identified in the rest of the study. The new legislation still has to be signed by the State President after which businesses will have one year to comply and due to the short grace period businesses need to align their business practices with the proposed requirements. The impact is wide ranging from implementing technical information security processes to possible re-drafting of service level agreements with business partners that share sensitive information. The study will highlight the major areas where the Bill will impact businesses as well as identifying possible solutions that could be implemented by cloud computing users when storing or processing data in the cloud.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groei in gewildheid en die ontwikkeling van wolkbewerking dienste is besig om te verander en is stadig besig om in ons daaglikse lewens geintegreer te word deur ons interaksie met elektroniese toestelle. Wolkbewerking word voorgehou as ‘n oplossing vir besighede om hul inligtings tegnologie infrastruktuur kostes te verminder deur dienste te koop soos hulle dit benodig. Alhoewel die stelling algemeen as korrek aanvaar word, kan spesifieke industrië soos byvoorbeeld die bankwese se inligting so sensitief wees dat om die inligting aan wolkbewerking bloot te stel vir berging en prosesseering dat addisionele verantwoodelikhede geplaas op die verantwoordelike partye wat die wolk dienste gebruik sowel as die persone wat dit voorsien. Probleme geassosieër met wolk- bewerking is die verlies aan beheer, gebrekkige vertroue tussen kontakteurende partye in die wolk verhouding (verbruiker en wolk dienste verskaffer) en die beveiliging van verdeelde inligting in die virtuele omgewing. Die risiko’s en verantwoordelikhede geassosieër met inligtings verlies was voorheen grootliks gebasseer op die skade wat aan die besigheid se reputasie aangedoen kan word, maar met die publiseering en ondertekening deur die Suid-Afrikaans Parliament van die Beskerming van Persoonlike Inligting Wet (BVPI) in Augustus 2013 is hierdie verantwoordelikhede in die proses om in wetgewing in Suid Afrika vas gelê te word. Die impak van die nuwe wetgewing op die wolkbewering omgewing moet ondersoek word omdat die vereistes van die Wet die gebruik van wolkbewerking in terme van sensitiewe inligting so kan beinvloed dat dit nie die moeite werd kan wees om te gebruik nie, en veroorsaak dat addisionele verminderde IT infrastruktuur koste voordele vervang moet word met addisionele inligting beveiligings kostes. Om die impak van die nuwe BVPI wetgewing op wolkbewerking te ondersoek moet die komponente en karakter eienskappe van die wolk ondersoek word om vas te stel wat dit uniek maak van ander tipes rekenaar bewerking. Die karakter eienskappe van wolkbewerking is die unieke aspekte wat dit apart identifiseer van Rooster en Groep rekenaar bewerking. Die komponente studie sal fokus op die dienste en implimenterings modelle wat geassosieer word met wolkbewerking. Die verstandhouding wat deur voorsafgaande studie verkry is sal dan gebruik word om ‘n nuwe definisie vir wolkbewerking op te stel. Deur nou van die definisie gebruik te maak kan die inligtings sekuriteit prosesse en tegniese sekuriteits maatreëls wat deur die verantwoordelike party en die wolkbewerkings dienste verskaffer gebruik kan word om die komponente en prosesse te beveilig bestudeer word. Die studie sal insluit, inligtings bestuur prosesse en korporatiewe bestuur asook tegniese beveiligings maatreels soos kodering en virtualisasie sekuriteit. Die laaste deel van die studie sal fokus op die BVPI wetgewing en die vereistes en hoe om daaraan te voldoen deur die sekuritiets maatreëls geidentifiseer in die res van die studie te implimenteer. Die nuwe wetgewing moet nog deur die Staats President onderteken word waarna besighede ‘n jaar sal he om aan die vereistes te voldoen en omdat die periode so kort is moet besighede hulself voorberei en besigheid prosesse aanpas. Die impak van die wetgewing strek baie wyd en beinvloed van tegnise inligtings beveiligings prosesse tot kontrakte aangaande diens lewering wat dalk oor opgestel moet word tussen partye wat sensitiewe inligting uitruil. Die studie sal die prominente areas van impak uitlig asook die moontlike oplossings wat gebruik kan word deur partye wat wolkbewerking gebruik om inligting te stoor of te bewerk.

This thesis presents an engineering geological and geotechnical investigation of the proposed Terrace Opencast Coalmine highwall in the Reddale Valley, Reefton. The proposed pit will target the 4-11m thick No. 4 Seam coal, which exists on the Valley floor beneath outwash gravels and Brunner Coal Measures (BCM) overburden dipping at 15-30° to the northwest. Rock coatings are providing friable sandstone units with protection from weathering in existing cut faces and may contribute to short term pit wall stability. The BCM core was divided into four geotechnical units for rock material testing purposes: unit 1 siltstone, unit 2 carbonaceous mudstone, unit 3 interbedded sandstone and carbonaceous mudstone and unit 4 loose sandstone. The average results for units 1-3 gave classifications within the medium to high porosity (9-13%) and dry density (2250-2470kg/m³) ranges, and medium to medium high slake-durability Id2 values (72-94% retained). Unit 4 (loose sandstone) recorded very low dry density (1694 kg/m³) and slake-durability Id2 (9%) average values. Strength testing confirmed that the units can be classed as weak rocks, with average UCS values of 12.8-13.7MPa for units 1-3, and for all four units Is(50) from point load testing of 0.26-0.62MPa with low cohesion values (0-6.2MPa) from triaxial testing. Friction angles from triaxial tests gave high values of 32-45°, while direct shear tests established 15° internal friction for bedding planes in carbonaceous mudstone and 37° for a high angle defect in interbedded sandstone/carbonaceous mudstone. The average Young's modulus values ranged from 0.82 to 10GPa, and Poisson's ratio between 0.39 and 0.50. Eight scanline defect surveys established that the major discontinuities in existing cut faces consist of high angle tension joints, shallow dipping bedding, and faults related to regional uplift. The defect orientations from the scanlines located in the southwest were significantly different from those in the northeast, and may be due to the faults that cross the Valley. In general the majority of defects displayed low persistence (less than 3m), were clean and tight, and had low joint roughness coefficients (JRC less than 6). Joint wall compressive strengths gave an average of 32MPa, but were affected by case-hardening on weathered faces. The results from the 8 drill holes analysed show that 37% of core was within the excellent rock quality designation class (RQD = 90-100%), while 29% was in the very poor quality rock (RQD = 0-25%). A semi-confined aquifer in the outwash gravels that will drain into the proposed pit was found to have a transmissivity of 58m²/day and hydraulic conductivity of 3.1 x 10⁻⁵ m/s. Kinematic feasibility assessment determined an optimum highwall orientation of 65° dip to 120° (dip direction), which is within at least 20° of the coal seam strike. The likelihood of planar, wedge or toppling failure depends on whether the structural conditions are similar to those encountered in the southwest or northeast scanlines, as well as the persistence of the defects present. The occurrence of small scale (less than 1m offset) 'step-up' normal faults, and the three larger faults that cross the valley, all of which are related to regional uplift, will also affect which failure mode will be kinematically feasible. Other crucial slope stability considerations include groundwater inflow from the saturated overburden and bedding parallel failures on the footwall dip slope of the pit. An investigation into case hardening on existing cut faces identified three interconnected rock coatings: iron films, lithobiontic (biological) and clay-dominated crusts. Jarosite was found at sites with abundant pyrite and the oxidation of iron may have been aided by microbial activity. A green algae inhabiting pore spaces approximately 1mm below the surface was noted beneath an iron film and it is suggested to be similar to that found in arid environments. Although lithobiontic and clay-dominated crusts did not provide the weathered surface with any additional strength, they were observed to form relatively quickly (from months to less than 5 years) and will aid short term stability by providing the batters with protection from weathering processes. This project concluded that the overburden material in the proposed highwall can be expected to behave like weak rock and in some cases (such as the loose sandstone) can be expected to have soil characteristics. Highwall stability is more likely to be affected by substantial inflows of groundwater than highly persistent joint sets. Establishment of the highwalls in their final position in the early mining stages will enable development of rock coatings that are expected to aid short and long term stability.

Thesis (MSc (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, of which over 75% occurred in low- and middle-income countries such as South Africa. The lipid profile, specifically decreased levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated triglyceride levels and the presence of small-dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been reported associated with CVD. An increased number of sdLDL is also common in metabolic syndrome (MetS), visceral obesity and diabetes mellitus, the last a known risk factor for CVD. The modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) size, or number of sdLDL particles, has been reported to significantly reduce CVD risk, but not conclusively so and needs further investigation. In this regard, sdLDL particles are seldom estimated routinely for clinical use because of financial and other limitations. Currently, an alternative approach for estimating sdLDL is to use equations derived from routine lipid measures, as has been proposed by several groups. However, there is a need for extensive evaluation of this equation across different ethnic and disease groups, especially since reports showed an inadequate performance of the equation in a Korean population. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a recently proposed equation for the estimation of sdLDL in healthy and diabetic mixed ancestry South Africans. Furthermore, we also investigated the role of sdLDL as a cardiometabolic risk factor, as measured against known risk factors such as the glycemic and lipid profiles.

Acompanha: Ensino de grandezas e medidas: uma proposta de sequência didática com materiais manipuláveis
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como o uso de Materiais Manipuláveis pode contribuir para o processo de aprendizagem dos conceitos de Grandezas e Medidas para alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que a aprendizagem constitui um processo de construção de significado dos objetos e, essa compreensão depende das experiências de vida de cada sujeito sendo entendido como conhecimentos prévios dos alunos. Nessa perspectiva, foi elaborada e aplicada uma sequência didática, a partir do tema Grandezas e Medidas. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o estudo inseriu-se numa pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza interpretativa, envolvendo alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de um colégio público estadual da cidade de Ortigueira - PR. A pesquisa orientou-se pela seguinte questão: Quais as contribuições que o uso de Materiais Manipuláveis poderá trazer para a aprendizagem de Grandezas e Medidas no 6º Ano do Ensino Fundamental? Os dados utilizados neste trabalho foram coletados durante todo o desenvolvimento da sequência didática, com o uso dos seguintes instrumentos: aplicação da avaliação diagnóstica, observação, fotografias, registros escritos e relatos orais. Os resultados indicam que as atividades dos módulos da sequência didática, contribuíram para o avanço progressivo dos conhecimentos dos alunos, demonstrando que é possível, efetivar um trabalho diferenciado e contextualizado, centrado na formação para a cidadania. Vale lembrar que a implementação dessa proposta requer esforço coletivo e concretização do compromisso inerente à ação pedagógica - a prática da pesquisa, da reflexão e da formação permanente. Com o propósito de compartilhar saberes docentes com outros profissionais da área, como produto final desse trabalho, foi elaborado um caderno pedagógico, contendo uma sequência didática com um conjunto de atividades didáticas que viabilizem a utilização de Materiais Manipuláveis como ferramenta pedagógica nas séries finais do Ensino Fundamental, intitulado: “Ensino de Grandezas e Medidas: uma proposta de sequência didática com materiais manipuláveis”.
The objective of this study is to analyze how the use of Manipulable Materials can contribute to the process of learning the concepts of Greatness and Measures for students of the 6th year of Elementary School. It was assumed that learning is a process of constructing meaning of objects and that understanding depends on the life experiences of each subject being understood as prior knowledge of the students. From this perspective, a didactic sequence was elaborated and applied, based on the theme Grandezas e Media. From the methodological point of view, the study was inserted in a qualitative research, of an interpretative nature, involving students of the 6th grade of Elementary School of a state public college in the city of Ortigueira - PR. The research was guided by the following question: What contributions could the use of Manipulable Materials bring to the learning of Greatness and Measures in the 6th Year of Elementary Education? The data used in this work were collected throughout the development of the didactic sequence, using the following instruments: application of diagnostic evaluation, observation, photographs, written records and oral reports. The results indicate that the activities of the modules of the didactic sequence contributed to the progressive advancement of the students' knowledge, demonstrating that it is possible to carry out a differentiated and contextualized work centered on the formation of citizenship. It is worth remembering that the implementation of this proposal requires collective effort and concretization of the commitment inherent in pedagogical action - the practice of research, reflection and permanent formation. With the purpose of sharing teacher knowledge with other professionals of the area, as a final product of this work, a pedagogical book was elaborated, containing a didactic sequence with a set of didactic activities that enabled the use of Manipulable Materials as pedagogical tool in the final series of Teaching Fundamental, titled: "Teaching of Greatness and Measures: a proposal for a didactic sequence with manipulable materials".

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Since the mankind appearance, insanity has been considered as a characteristic opposed to the social models and rules, to lead to the conclusion that someone, so called insane, is dangerous and inclined to commit crimes. Therefore, the institutionalisation of a mentally ill in a Judicial Madhouse has always been considered as a preventive treatment to guarantee social protection. During the evolution of Criminal Law, it was created an institute, known as Commitment, submitted to the existence of conditions such as occurrence of a criminal wrong, non-imputability and presumed danger, to its application. Commitment has been subjected to prolonged discussion and deliberation by Law, Criminology and Forensics Psychiatry. However, theses sciences have rarely proposed dialogues and multidisciplinary comprehension truly able to transform that institute in a worthy treatment solution to the insane. Hence, the purpose of this research is to analyse the legal conditions imposed for the application of Commitment, taking in consideration especially the presumed danger, as this institute has not always been efficient or congruent, when considered individual rights guaranties. Furthermore, this works intends also to analyse the History of the Deinstitutionalisation Movement and the influences and perspectives brought by the Act n. 10216/01, which enacts rights and guarantees for the mentally disables, to be considered by the Judiciary, when to decide about the application of Commitment
Desde os primórdios da humanidade, a loucura é inerente a todos os momentos da evolução do homem e constatada como característica a contrariar os modelos e regras condizentes ao Contrato Social, tornando o dito ―louco‖ indivíduo marginalizado, perigoso, propenso à probabilidade latente para prática delitiva. Logo, o modo de proteção da sociedade a tal perigo sempre foi, basicamente, a segregação de tal indivíduo do convívio social, sob a forma de tratamento. Desta forma, no decorrer da história do Direito Penal surge o instituto das Medidas de Segurança, atrelado aos pressupostos da prática delitiva, inimputabilidade e periculosidade para sua justificativa e execução. As formas de execução das medidas de segurança são muito debatidas e questionadas nos campos do Direito, Criminologia e Psiquiatria Forense em que tais ciências, muitas vezes, carecem de profundos diálogos e entendimentos interdisciplinares para garantia da eficácia e ampliação salutar do instituto, principalmente a propiciar soluções terapêuticas dignas ao portador de transtorno mental. O presente trabalho visa, portanto, a analisar os pressupostos legais das medidas de segurança, em especial a periculosidade, que por vezes demonstram a ineficácia e incongruência perante as garantias individuais. Ademais, a partir da análise histórica da chamada ―luta antimanicomial‖, constatar a influência e perspectivas da Lei nº 10.216 de 2001, que trata dos direitos e garantias aos portadores de transtorno mental, na escolha e execução das medidas de segurança perante o Poder Judiciário pátrio

A exploraÃÃo de Ãreas de emprÃstimo para obtenÃÃo de materiais para obras civis tem resultado na degradaÃÃo ambiental, muitas vezes, com sÃrios impactos nos meio fÃsico e biÃtico. Assim, os impactos ambientais de Ãreas de emprÃstimo devem ser identificados, para que sejam propostas e executadas medidas visando à sua recuperaÃÃo. Neste trabalho, procurou-se avaliar a eficÃcia das medidas mitigadoras propostas nos estudos de impacto ambiental dos aÃudes pÃblicos Aracoiaba e SÃtios Novos, no estado do CearÃ, para a recuperaÃÃo das Ãreas degradadas durante a obtenÃÃo de matÃria prima para suas obras civis. A pesquisa teve inÃcio com o levantamento dos EIA/RIMA dos AÃudes PÃblicos Aracoiaba e SÃtios Novos, com Ãnfase na anÃlise dos impactos identificados como possÃveis de ocorrerem nas Ãreas de emprÃstimo dos dois empreendimentos. Foram tambÃm levantadas as medidas mitigadoras propostas para recuperaÃÃo das Ãreas de emprÃstimos dos dois reservatÃrios. A partir de pesquisas de campo foi realizado levantamento das medidas mitigadoras efetivamente implantadas para recuperaÃÃo das Ãreas de emprÃstimo. A pesquisa permitiu a realizaÃÃo de estudo comparativo entre as medidas propostas e as efetivamente implantadas nas Ãreas de emprÃstimo dos dois aÃudes. Constatou-se que vÃrias medidas propostas nÃo foram implantadas, principalmente nas Ãreas de emprÃstimo do AÃude SÃtios Novos, resultando na existÃncia de Ãreas ainda degradadas, necessitando de recuperaÃÃo. Ao final, propÃe-se a adoÃÃo de aÃÃes visando mitigar a degradaÃÃo ambiental resultante dos dois aÃudes, nas suas Ãreas de emprÃstimo.
Exploitation of borrow areas to obtain materials for civil works has resulted in environmental degradation , often with serious impacts on physical and biotic environment . Thus , the environmental impacts of borrow areas should be identified , to be proposed and implemented measures aimed at their recovery . In this study, we sought to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the environmental impact studies and public dams Aracoiaba Novos , in the state of Cearà , for the recovery of degraded areas for obtaining feedstock for its civil works . The research began with a survey of the EIS / EIR for Public and Sites New Dams Aracoiaba , with emphasis on the analysis of the impacts identified as possible to occur in the areas of loan of two developments . Were also raised proposals for the rehabilitation of the two reservoirs loans mitigation measures . From field research was conducted survey of mitigation measures effectively implemented for the rehabilitation of loan. The survey allowed for a comparative study between the proposed measures and effectively implemented in the areas of borrowing of the two dams . It was observed that several proposed measures were not implemented , mainly in the areas of loan Novos Dam, resulting in the existence of yet degraded areas needing recovery . At the end, we propose the adoption of actions to mitigate environmental degradation resulting from the two dams in their lending areas.

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Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This study aimed to draw up a supplementary material for teachers in state schools of São Paulo, making suggestions for the teaching of fractional numbers. To prepare this material analyzed the organization of the notebook of teacher and student, developed and proposed by the Ministry of Education of São Paulo, for the teaching of fractional numbers in the 5th and 6th grade (6 and 7 years) Elementary School Second Cycle, in use since 2008. This analysis relied on studies and research in mathematics education and has a theoretical semiotic representation of the records of Raymond Duval (2003) and the meanings of fractional numbers: part-whole, measure, quotient, ratio and operator
Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o material sugerido para professores da rede estadual de ensino do Estado de São Paulo, apresentando de possíveis sugestões para o ensino de números fracionários. Para elaboração deste material analisamos a organização do caderno do professor e do aluno, desenvolvido e proposto pela Secretaria da Educação de São Paulo, para o ensino dos números fracionários, na 5ª e 6º série (6º e 7º ano) do Ensino Fundamental ciclo II, em uso desde 2008. Esta análise contou com estudos e pesquisas em Educação Matemática e teve como referencial teórico os registros de representação semiótica de Raymond Duval (2003) e os significados dos números fracionários: parte-todo, medida, quociente, razão e operador

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O presente trabalho é uma pesquisa, cujo objetivo é investigar atividades didáticas de estatística para alunos do Ensino Médio. Essas atividades propiciaram a construção e/ou a reconstrução das medidas de centralidade e, assim, obter um olhar mais detalhado para o estudo dessas medidas, com o intuito de preparar os alunos de forma mais eficiente no uso de situações problemas do cotidiano. Concomitantemente, analisar, a partir da Educação Estatística, com o viés da Literacia Estatística, a compreensão dos resultados obtidos na análise dessas medidas. A teoria da Engenharia Didática subsidiou a metodologia desta investigação enquanto as situações didáticas e as situações a-didáticas foram os aportes teóricos na análise das atividades propostas aos estudantes, culminando assim, em uma proposta de sequência didática para o Produto Educacional. Vale salientar que os sujeitos desta pesquisa são os estudantes de uma escola estadual, turma do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio da cidade de Paraíba do Sul, do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
This work is a research whose aim is to investigate teaching of statistical activities for high school students. These activities led to the construction and / or reconstruction of the centrality measures and thus a more detailed look at the study of these measures, in order to prepare students more effectively in the use of everyday problems situations. Concomitantly, analyze, from the statistics, with the bias of Literacy Education Statistics, the understanding of the results obtained in the analysis of these measures. The theory of Didactic Engineering supported the methodology of this research while teaching situations and situations-teaching were the theoretical contributions in the analysis of the proposed activities to students, so culminating in a proposal of didactic sequence for the Educational Product. It is worth noting that the subjects of this research are students of a state school, class of third year of high school in the city of Paraiba do Sul, State of Rio de Janeiro.

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O estudo da Ciência da Informação é um campo interdisciplinar muito importante para a sociedade, em todos os ramos do conhecimento. Nas instituições, principalmente as públicas, é importante uma boa Gestão da Informação a fim de reduzir ao mínimo os riscos dela advindos. Após os eventos de 11 de setembro de 2001 nos Estados Unidos, a necessidade de sistemas que preservem com mais segurança as informações tem sido uma preocupação constante. Assim é que se estabelecem várias regras de boas práticas para a Segurança da Informação. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de realizar uma revisão bibliográfica e um estudo documental sobre os conceitos relacionados à Informação, Segurança da Informação, Gestão de Riscos, normas, legislação e melhores práticas existentes, utilizando a Norma NBR ISO 17799 como referência assim como modelos encontrados na literatura e de outras Instituições similares. A partir deste estudo, propor um modelo de política de segurança da informação, baseado no caso de aplicação do Colégio Pedro II, mas bem abrangente, que contemple ao máximo as especificidades das Instituições de Ensino e que possa servir de modelo para que as Instituições similares possam desenvolver, a partir dele, sua Política de Segurança. Nele apresentam-se os princípios, diretrizes básicas e responsabilidades de uma Política de Segurança, utilizando os conceitos estudados na revisão bibliográfica.
The study of Information Science is a very important interdisciplinary field for society, in all branches of knowledge. In institutions, especially public institutions, good information management is important in order to minimize the risks that arise from it. Following the events of September 11, 2001 in the United States, the need for more secure information systems has been a constant concern. This is how a number of good practice rules for information security are established. The present work has the objective of carrying out a bibliographic review and a documentary study on the concepts related to Information, Information Security, Risk Management, norms, legislation and existing best practices, using the Standard NBR ISO 17799 as reference as well as models found In literature and other similar institutions. From this study, to propose a model of information security policy, based on the case of application of the Pedro II College, but very comprehensive, that contemplates to the maximum the specificities of the Teaching Institutions and that can serve as a model so that similar Institutions To develop, from it, its Security Policy. It presents the principles, basic guidelines and responsibilities of a Security Policy, using the concepts studied in the bibliographic review.

Legalmente, foi implementado pelo Governo Federal, o Programa Nacional de Produção do Biodiesel (PNPB). Entretanto, sua produção gera o glicerol. Para os pesquisadores, caso disposto indevidamente, esse coproduto poderá acarretar problemas ambientais. Assim, se o intuito é alcançar a sustentabilidade com a implantação do biodiesel na matriz energética, tornase relevante sua adequada gestão, uma vez que não há controle sobre sua produção e destinação. Falhas de mercado geralmente coexistem com as chamadas falhas de regulação. Nesse contexto, o objetivo foi analisar alternativas de destinação do glicerol realizadas por produtores de biodiesel que podem contribuir no âmbito das medidas compensatórias e mitigadoras. Os métodos utilizados foram pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo para se estudar a teoria e a prática que envolvem o tema. A análise de conteúdo foi realizada com o uso do software MAXQDA®. Além das unidades estudadas, compostas por grandes e pequenos produtores de biodiesel, foram entrevistados engenheiros químicos e pesquisadores na área. Como resultados tem-se que as alternativas de destinação do glicerol realizadas pelos pequenos produtores estudados parecem evidenciar alocação eficiente de recursos. Assim, dentre os aspectos sustentáveis, o econômico se destaca na forma de oportunidade de negócios e geração de renda para o pequeno produtor. Ao contrário, nos grandes produtores, uma vez que poderá demandar maiores custos de transação a destinação é ineficiente e transferida para terceiros. Assim, buscando perpetuar o sistema econômico e proteger o meio ambiente, espera-se que os resultados possam fornecer subsídios para a implantação de políticas que visem remediar ineficiências relacionadas à preservação ambiental e sustentabilidade nos negócios.
Legally, the Federal Government implemented the National Biodiesel Production Program (PNPB). However, its production generates glycerol. For researchers, if improperly disposed of, this co-product could lead to environmental problems. Thus, if the intention is to achieve sustainability with the implementation of biodiesel in the energy matrix, it becomes relevant its adequate management, since there is no control over its production and destination. Market failures generally coexist with so-called regulatory failures. In this context, the objective was to analyze which alternatives of destination of glycerol carried out by biodiesel producers can contribute in the scope of the compensatory and mitigating measures. The methods used were bibliographic, documentary and field research to study the theory and practice that involve the theme. Content analysis was performed using MAXQDA® software. In addition to the units studied, composed of large and small biodiesel producers, were interviewed chemical engineers and researchers in the area. As a result, the alternatives of destination of the glycerol carried out by the small producers studied seem to show efficient allocation of resources. Thus, among the sustainable aspects, the economic stands out in the form of business opportunity and income generation for the small producer. On the contrary, in large producers, the destination is transferred to third parties, since it may demand higher transaction costs. Thus, a system is proposed to encourage, discipline and facilitate alternatives that may contribute to the perpetuation of the economic system in conjunction with environmental protection, attributing functionality to compensatory and mitigating measures. It is hoped that the results could contribute to the implementation of policies aimed at increasing subsidies, especially for small producers.

Despite its significance for industrial economics, utility regulation and competition policy, the measurement of the economic profitability of a firm remains a relatively underresearched area. The difference between the Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), measured on a net replacement cost or current cost basis, and a firm's estimated risk adjusted cost of capital is favoured by many economic researchers and is widely employed in utility regulation, but strong claims have been made for Tobin's q (q - the ratio of the market value of a firm's securities to the cost of replicating the firm, often identified with the net replacement cost of its net assets). Both measures have shortcomings. Davis and Kay have drawn attention to, but have failed to fully explain, a bias in ARR when firms buy in goods and services. Bias in q due to the omission of hidden capital can be significant. In this paper, economic profitability is identified with a firm's input-output ratio expressed in present value terms, and with the internal rate of return on a firm's expenditure in the accounting year, both revenue and capital. In the case of ex Post profitability, the last two measures are shown to be equivalent. Departures from the form of these ideal measures explains the biases in both ARR and q. Employing the Capital Asset Pricing Model, two alternative, operational measures of a firm's economic profitability are derived from the ideal measures with a view to eliminating the biases in q and ARR. The ex post measure is called here the Return on Total Capital Employed (ROTCE) and the ex ante measure is called here modified Tobin's q (modq). ROTCE is appraised using data from a simple corporate model. modq is appraised using data extracted from the accounts of companies comprising the Buildings Materials and Food Manufacturing sectors of the FTA All Share Index. In this study, I/modq and 1/q are shown to be significantly correlated at the 95t confidence level, and some 45k of the difference between them can be associated with taxation effects. Associating market power with the product of Beta and the Return on Sales, 1/modq is found to be significantly related at the 95t confidence level with market power and wages deflated by market value.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This dissertation presents a qualitative investigation which was carried out within thscope of Statistics teaching and lasted for the potentialities of GeoGebra for an understanding of the Meditation of Central Tendency concepts. Based on the didactic actions, the formulation, validation and institutionalization of the Theory of Didactic Situations, the search was developed through a sequence of activities. The methodological methods for the elaboration, application and analysis of the activities were realized by the Engineering dimensions as preliminary techniques such as a priori analysis, experiment and a posteriori analysis. The participants in the research program was a high school group of the 1st grade in a public school in the state of São Paulo. The application of the class was carried out in a computer lab of the same school and was divided by four sessions of five minutes. The participants, through GeoGebra, treated the data of each activity and were answering the questions of the present study. Ahead of questions and answers, it was possible to identify, from the dialectical practices of the theoretical, the potentialities of GeoGebra for an understanding of the proposed mathematical objectives, such as, in a dialectic of action, the organization of the data and the search for answers to some questions. This organization of the data in tables, lists, ordered lists, graphical representation or even values for the Central Administration classes allows the students, a formulation dialectic, to reflect on the representation of the values in relation to the data set. The various representations of the data in the GeoGebra windows, in a validation dialectic, favor the participation of the participants on the relation of the indicators with the data of their origin. These multiple representations of a set of data allow other questions, allowing the discussion on market conditions, such as the evaluation of trends, which contributed to the teacher, a dialectic of institutionalization with the students, would be able to promote of consolidation of knowledge
Esta dissertação apresenta uma investigação de caráter qualitativo, realizada no âmbito do ensino da Estatística, e teve como objetivo identificar potencialidades do GeoGebra para a compreensão dos conceitos de Medidas de Tendência Central. Com base nas dialéticas de ação, formulação, validação e institucionalização da Teoria das Situações Didáticas, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de uma sequência de atividades. Os procedimentos metodológicos para elaboração, aplicação e análise das atividades utilizaram aspectos da Engenharia Didática com as análises preliminares, análises a priori, experimento e análises a posteriori. Participaram desta pesquisa alunos da 1ª série do ensino médio de uma escola da rede pública do estado de São Paulo. A aplicação da proposta ocorreu no laboratório de informática da mesma escola, em quatro sessões de cinquenta minutos e os participantes, por meio do GeoGebra, trataram os dados de cada atividade e responderam aos questionamentos do estudo. Diante dos questionamentos e das respostas apresentadas, foi possível identificar, a partir das dialéticas do aporte teórico, potencialidades do GeoGebra para a compreensão dos objetos matemáticos propostos, tais como, em uma dialética de ação, organizar os dados e encontrar respostas para alguns questionamentos. Essa organização dos dados em tabelas, listas, listas ordenadas, representação gráfica ou mesmo valores para as Medidas de Tendência Central permitiu aos alunos, em uma dialética de formulação, refletirem sobre a representação dos valores em relação ao conjunto de dados. As múltiplas representações dos dados nas janelas do GeoGebra, em uma dialética de validação, favoreceram para que os participantes conjecturassem sobre a relação dos valores encontrados com os dados de sua origem. Essas múltiplas representações de um mesmo conjunto de dados permitiram outros questionamentos, possibilitando discussões acerca de possíveis propriedades para as Medidas de Tendência Central, o que contribuiu para que o professor, em uma dialética de institucionalização junto aos alunos, promovesse a consolidação do saber

Orientadores: Mauricio Ferreira Magalhães, Fabio Luciano Verdi
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação
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Resumo: A concepção original da arquitetura da Internet foi baseada em uma rede fixa e confiável. Hoje em dia, a Internet se tornou dinâmica e vulnerável aos ataques de segurança. Também não era prevista a necessidade de integração de tecnologias heterogêneas nem de ambientes sem fio. A arquitetura atual apresenta uma série de barreiras técnicas para prover estes serviços, sendo uma das maiores a sobrecarga semântica do Internet Protocol (IP). O endereço IP atua como localizador na camada de rede e como identificador na camada de transporte, impossibilitando novas funcionalidades como a mobilidade e abrindo brechas de segurança. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de implementação de uma arquitetura para Internet de nova geração para o provisionamento de novos serviços de forma natural e integrada para a Internet atual. A proposta de arquitetura de implementação oferece suporte à mobilidade, ao multihoming, à segurança, à integração de redes heterogêneas e às aplicações legadas através da introdução de uma nova camada de identificação na arquitetura atual. Esta nova camada tem por objetivo separar a identidade da localização e se tornar uma opção de comunicação para as redes heterogêneas. Mecanismos adicionais foram propostos para prover o suporte às funcionalidades da arquitetura, tais como a resolução de nomes em identificadores, o roteamento baseado no identificador, a gerência de localização e um plano de controle para a troca de mensagens de sinalização fim-a-fim entre os componentes da arquitetura. Para a validação da arquitetura proposta, um protótipo foi implementado e vários testes de desempenho foram realizados para avaliação do overhead da implementação, do modelo de segurança, da robustez e do suporte à mobilidade e às aplicações legadas
Abstract: The original concept of the Internet architecture was based on static and reliable networks. Nowadays, the Internet became more dynamic and vulnerable to security attacks. The integration of heterogeneous technologies and wireless environment were not predicted. The current architecture presents some technical barriers to provide these services. One of these problems is the semantic overload of the Internet Protocol (IP). The IP address acts as locator in the network layer and identifier in the transport layer, preventing new features such as mobility and allowing security flaws. This work presents an implementation proposal of a next generation Internet architecture to provide new services naturally integrated to the Internet. The implementation proposal supports mobility, multihoming, security, heterogeneous networks integration and legacy applications by the introduction of a new identification layer in the current architecture. This new layer will separate the identity from the location and become an option for communication between heterogeneous networks. Additional mechanisms were proposed to support the new functionalities of the architecture, e.g., resolution of names to identifiers, identifier-based routing, location management and a control plane to exchange end-toend signalling control messages between the components of the architecture. In order to evaluate the proposed architecture, a prototype was implemented and some tests were performed considering implementation overhead, security model, robustness and support for mobility and legacy applications
Mestrado
Engenharia de Computação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Tese de mestrado, Biologia Humana e Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2020
The Auchenorrhyncha suborder comprises several species considered to be pests of economically important crops whether as a result of the direct damage caused by their feeding process or through some species ability to act as vectors for plant pathogens such as viruses and phytoplasmas. Knowing this, the main goal of this study was the monitoring of the Auchenorrhyncha suborder for potential pests on peach orchards of the Beira Interior region, with a particular focus on the green leafhopper species Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli), as well as potential vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. The green leafhopper Asymmetrasca decedens was recorded in mainland Portugal in 2013, on the Beira Interior Region. As a highly polyphagous species, this leafhopper is associated with many infestations resulting in considerable damage in crops such as peach, plum, almond, cotton, among others. This species is capable of acting as a vector for ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Phoenicium’, a pathogenic plant bacterium responsible for almond witches-broom disease that affects almond, peach, and other crops. A. decedens is also considered to be a potential vector for the phytoplasma that causes European Stone Fruit Yellow’s disease which affects stone fruit trees. This leafhopper has a great potential as an emergent pest in this country, especially due to its significant resistance to conventional pesticides, and its wide range of hosts, that include economically important crops of the Beira Interior Region such as stone fruit, therefore posing as a threat to agriculture in Portugal. Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited vector-borne bacterium transmitted by some species of the Auchenorrhyncha suborder and is the causal agent of diseases that affect grapevine, olive, stone fruit, citrus and others. In 2013 this bacterium was detected in Italy associated with a disease known as Olive Quick Decline Syndrome, which had devastating effects in olive orchards in the region. Since then, X. fastidiosa has been found in other countries in Europe, including in Portugal, where it was reported for the first time in 2019. Due to the recent detection of X. fastidiosa in Portugal, the widespread presence of confirmed vectors, and the considerable variety of susceptible economically important crops, monitorization is imperative in order to avoid, contain and reduce the potential damage caused by the bacterium. The captured individuals of the Auchenorrhyncha community were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, population dynamics were analyzed and environmental factors such as climatic variables were also studied to determine its influence on species variation. In total, 8140 individuals were captured on Póvoa de Atalaia and Louriçal do Campo orchards and 39 species of the Auchenorrhyncha community were detected. Two confirmed vectors species of X. fastidiosa, Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus) and Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén), were found on both orchards in 2019. This detection highlights the need to continuously monitor these species considering the threat these could become if the current area affected by X. fastidiosa expanded. The dominant species on the orchards were Empoasca solani which presented a shorter and earlier distribution as the peak was registered on April 18th and A. decedens which gradually replaced the first and reached its abundance peak on September 20th. The data obtained regarding A. decedens abundance and distribution allowed the establishment of appropriate periods for the control of this species.
Há muito tempo que as pragas constituem um desafio para a população humana quer por competirem pelos mesmos recursos quer pelo efeito prejudicial que podem representar para a saúde. Um dos mais importantes grupos de pragas são os insetos por serem responsáveis por consideráveis estragos na agricultura, a qual é essencial à alimentação humana, e o considerável impacto económico resultante. Vários fatores antropogénicos tais como o aumento de ambientes manipulados pelo Homem, como o caso de monoculturas, o aumento de transportes e mobilidade resultante da crescente globalização e outros fatores como alterações climáticas, têm contribuido para a presença e maior frequência de determinadas pragas. Ao longo dos anos a humanidade tem vindo a desenvolver métodos e estratégias de controlo para estas pragas de forma a conter ou limitar os estragos causados, incluindo programas de monitorização de forma a prever possíveis surtos e determinar a distribuição geográfica de determinadas espécies problemáticas. A subordem Auchenorrhyncha inclui mais de 42000 espécies, sendo várias consideradas pragas agrícolas quer pelos danos causados diretamente pelo seu processo de alimentação quer por serem vetores de patogéneos de plantas como bactérias e vírus. Tendo isto em conta, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi a monitorização da comunidade Auchenorrhyncha em pomares de pêssegos na região da Beira Interior, com um particular destaque para a cigarrinha verde Asymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) e potenciais vetores da bactéria Xyllela fastidiosa Wells et al. Asymmetrasca decedens encontra-se amplamente distribuída na região do Mediterrâneo e oeste asiático. Esta espécie foi detetada em Portugal na ilha da Madeira em 2004 e na região da Beira Interior em 2013. Trata-se de uma espécie altamente polífaga, com a capacidade de se alimentar de plantas herbáceas, arbustos e árvores, incluíndo várias espécies economicamente importantes como pêssego, ameixa, amêndoa, algodão, entre outros. Através do seu processo de alimentação esta cigarrinha provoca uma descoloração das folhas, conferindo-lhes uma aparência amarelada, podendo também causar deformações como o enrolamento das folhas especialmente nas regiões mais periféricas e necrose dos tecidos, conferindo-lhes um aspeto queimado, geralmente designado como “hopperburn”. A. decedens demonstra uma especial apetência por plantas mais jovens provocando-lhes estragos mais significativos. Para além dos estragos diretos causados, esta espécie também pode atuar como vetor de fitoplasmas, bacterias patogénicas associadas a doenças que afetam culturas economicamente importantes. Esta cigarrinha verde foi confirmada como vetor de “Candidatus Phytoplasma Phoenicium”, o fitoplasma responsável pela doença “Almond witches’ broom” que afeta amêndoa, pêssego, nectarina, entre outros. Este fitoplasma levou à morte de mais de 150000 amendoeiras no Líbano nos anos 90, tendo-se verificado os efeitos durante mais de duas décadas. A. decedens é também considerada um potencial vetor do fitoplasma responsável por “European Stone Fruit Yellow’s” que afeta várias espécies de prunóideas. Esta espécie tem o potencial de se tornar uma praga emergente em Portugal, quer pela resistência demonstrada a pesticidas convencionais o que dificulta o seu controlo, quer pela grande variedade de plantas hospedeiras que incluem prunóideas representando portanto uma ameaça à agricultura em Portugal, em particular na região da Beira Interior pois esta região é responsável por 45% da produção nacional de pêssego. Xylella fastidiosa trata-se de uma bactéria limitada ao xilema das plantas e transmitida por espécies de insetos vetores da comunidade Auchenorrhyncha. Esta bactéria é responsável por várias doenças, podendo afetar vinha, oliveira, citrinos, prunóideas, entre outros. Apesar desta bactéria ter sido detetada no continente americano há mais de um século, X. fastidiosa foi detetada na Europa, em Itália, apenas em 2013, quando foi associada a uma doença conhecida como “Olive Quick Decline Syndrom”, a qual desencadeou efeitos devastadores em pomares de oliveiras da região. Desde a deteção, várias prospecções têm sido realizadas na Europa, tendo esta bactéria sido detetada em Portugal, pela primeira vez, em 2019. Devido à recente presença, à existência de espécies vetoras confirmadas, e à considerável variedade de espécies economicamente importantes suscetíveis no país, a monitorização é fundamental para evitar, conter e reduzir os potenciais estragos provocados pela bactéria. Uma das doenças causadas por X. fastidiosa, “Peach Phony disease” provoca consideráveis estragos e reduções na produção de pêssego, tratando-se portanto de uma potencial ameaça à produção na região da Beira Interior se a atual área afetada por esta bactéria aumentar e se as potenciais espécies vetoras não forem devidamente monitorizadas. Embora as espécies vetoras sejam o principal fator envolvido na dispersão desta bactéria, o transporte de longa distância também pode contribuir para o aumento da área afetada através da movimentação de plantas afetadas. Por não existir nenhum método para o controlo desta bactéria, a principal forma de limitar a sua distribuição passa pelo controlo de espécies vetoras, podendo também ser removidas e destruídas plantas afetadas, ou selecionados cultivares que demonstrem uma maior tolerância a esta bactéria desenvolvendo menos sintomas. Para a monitorização das espécies da comunidade Auchenorrhyncha na região da Beira Interior, foram feitas amostragens em 2019 ao longo de 30 semanas com recurso a armadilhas de cola amarelas em dois pomares desta região, Póvoa de Atalaia e Louriçal do Campo. Os indivíduos da comunidade Auchenorrhyncha detetados foram identificados até ao nível taxonómico mais baixo possível e quando não foi possível foram consideradas morfoespécies. No total, 8140 indivíduos foram capturados e 39 espécies de quatro famílias diferentes foram identificadas. Duas espécies de vetores de Xylella fastidiosa foram capturadas em ambos os pomares, Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus) e Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén), embora poucos indíviduos de cada espécie tenham sido coletados. No entanto, confirma o risco de disseminação de X. fastidiosa nos pomares caso a área afetada por esta bactéria se expanda á região da Beira Interior. Outros vetores de fitoplasmas também foram detetados nos pomares, Anaceratagallia laevis (Ribaut), Aphrodes makarovi Zachvatkin, Austroagallia sinuata (Mulsant & Rey), Dictyophara europaea (Linnaeus), Empoasca decipiens Paoli, Euscelidius variegatus (Kirschbaum), Laodelphax striatella (Fallén), Megophthalmus scrabipennis Edwards, Neoaliturus fenestratus (Herrich-Shaffer), Philaenus spumarius e Zyginidia scutellaris (Herrich-Schaffer). A família Cicadellidae foi a mais comum representando 99.77% dos indivíduos capturados e a subfamília Typhlocybinae correspondendo a 95.84%. Foram detetadas duas espécies dominantes em ambos os pomares, Asymmetrasca decedens e Empoasca solani (Curtis), sendo que a primeira se destaca representanto 79.64% dos indivíduos capturados. Estas espécies demonstraram distribuições temporais quase opostas, o que pode ser justificado pelas variáveis climáticas estudadas que demonstraram correlações significativas opostas para as duas espécies. A temperatura mínima, média e máxima demonstrou uma forte correlação positiva com a abundância de A. decedens enquanto que para E.solani foi observada uma correlação negativa. Esta espécie também demonstrou uma forte correlação positiva com o número de horas de frio (<7ºC) e com a humidade relativa. E. solani revelou uma distribuição mais curta, apresentando o pico da sua abundância a 19 de abril, sendo depois gradualmente substituída por A. decedens cujo pico foi atingido a 20 de setembro. Vários inseticidas foram aplicados nos pomares, no entanto nenhum demonstrou um efeito considerável ou consistente na redução da densidade populacional da praga. Tal facto pode dever-se à resistência conhecida ou às datas de aplicação, mas merecia um estudo mais detalhado com maior número de armadilhas e monitorização de ninfas de A. decedens. Este estudo permitiu uma melhor compreensão da comunidade Auchenorrhyncha presente nos pomares de pessegueiros, detetar vetores de X. fastidiosa na região da Beira Interior salientando a importância da continuada monitorização dos mesmos, e obter informação relativa ao ciclo de vida e à variação da abundância de A. decedens permitindo estabelecer períodos adequados para o controlo desta espécie.

Flow induced self-oscillations cause acoustic pressure oscillations of large amplitude in pipe flows. If Reynolds number is treated as a parameter, these floinduced oscillations occur only at discrete and critical values of Reynolds number. However, for a small range of Reynolds numbers around such a critical value, such periodic oscillations may appear intermittently. If intermittency, which is a precursor to these self-oscillations, can be detected, prediction of an impending instability may be possible. In experiments done by Vineeth and Sujith (Int. J. Aeroacoustics, 2016) on flow in a duct orifice arrangement, where flow enters through the duct inlet, and leaves into the atmosphere through the orifice exit, “whistling” was observed at a Reynolds number of 4200 (based on the orifice thickness and flow speed within the orifice), where large amplitude pressure oscillations were observed. At slightly lower Reynolds numbers, bursts of relatively smaller amplitudes of pressure oscillations were observed to appear intermittently. For a similar configuration, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) have been carried out with explicit filtering as a sub­ grid scale model here. Both whistling and intermittency are observed in the simulations. As air flows from the duct into the orifice, it turns sharply around the corner at the duct­ orifice interface. Due to this sharp turn, flow separation occurs, and hence, a shear layer is formed at the mouth of the orifice. The mechanism of whistling is found to be this shear layer within the orifice flapping about and hitting the trailing edge of the orifice periodically, thus causing the shear layer to break and roll up into a vortex. At Reynolds numbers where intermittency is observed, the shear layer is found to very mildly come in contact with the edges of the orifice walls, thus disturbing it. In the simulations, time series data of pressure are recorded at various probe locations. In a given time series, if scale invariance behaviour exists, it can be quantified by measuring the Hurst exponent. The numerical value of the Hurst exponent is an index of “long range or short range dependence” in a time series. Hurst exponent is measured in the time series data obtained. It is found to drop to zero as the flow approaches the state of a self-sustained oscillation, since the growth rates of all the long term as well as short term trends in the time series vanish. A loss of multifractality in the time series is also observed as the flow approaches whistling. As a part of the this thesis, new, split high resolution schemes of high order are designed following the Hixon Turmel Proposal.

碩士
東吳大學
法律學系
100
In order to address the risk of carbon leakage and the concern of industrial competitive disadvantage induced by introducing domestic climate change mitigation actions, both the European Union, which currently has an emissions trading scheme for greenhouse gases, and the USA, which is considering implementing such a program, are exploring the possibility of including foreign producers in that program by requiring importers of foreign goods to surrender emission allowances relating to the amount of CO2 emitted in the production of those goods. The aim of this paper is to examine the legality of such measures under WTO law by analyzing one of the earlier drafts of amendments to the EUETS Directive contained a proposal on allowance requirements for EU importers, socalled FAIR (a future allowance import requirement) program. This article concludes with three major finding: First, The emissions allowances in the European ETS are not charges on 'articles from which the imported product has been manufactured,' but rather are charges on by-products of the manufacturing process. The compatibility of such a provision with WTO rules is currently the source of much controversy.Second, FAIR does not apply to states that have taken actions comparable to the EU to limit greenhouse gas emissions or have linked domestic emissions trading system with EU ETS. These actions would violate Article I:1, as they discriminate among producers from different countries based on conditions relating to either the country itself or on actions taken by the country's government. Third, for the propuse of invoking GATT Article XX as justification for FAIR program, it’s important to design a competitiveness provision within a cap-and-trade framework that satisfies the requirements of the chapeau as articulated in U.S.-Shrimp, US – Gasoline and Brazil – Tyres case.

In order to illustrate, I begin this report with an account of some of my experiences as a bilingual teacher, instructing curriculum designed to elicit student reflections their language ideologies and engaging praxis. The data includes student responses to a writing prompt and interview which elicited their language ideologies. Some of the student comments were striking due to their recognition of the higher status of English. The student-collected data aided me in evaluating my curriculum and instruction and inform my future practice. My report ends with a proposal to investigate these issues more deeply by conducting a study on student language ideologies.
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This study involves a review of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) legislation associated with the filling station industry. This is in order to determine if the South African EIA decision-making processes adequately evaluate new filling station developments. An additional objective of this study was to determine whether the local and provincial EIA decision-making structures and the filling station industry effectively evaluate the significance of filling station impacts and impose stringent enough mitigation measures. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken on the various types of hydrocarbon contamination as well as the various hydrocarbon contamination assessment methods. In addition, the methods of remediation were also reviewed. This was in order to determine the ease and practicability of remediation at contaminated sites as well as the associated financial implications. Twenty six case studies were examined to determine the percentage of filling stations sites that are expected to be contaminated and individual analysis of two sites was undertaken to evaluate the success of remediation efforts. This study indicates that a majority of filling station sites are associated with contamination. Remediation however is a long term process which does not fully eradicate contamination. The outcome of this investigation reveals that contamination must be prevented at the outset. Based on this it is determined that the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) needs to pose stricter measures on the filling station industry during the EIA phase of the development. Industry also needs to adopt more stringent mitigation measures during the design stage of projects to ensure protection of the environment.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
應用外語系
106
In this research, we provided quantitative approaches to measure the inflectional degree of various languages. Eleven important languages, in term of population and economic power, were selected as the targets of this research. English was treated as the normalized language to evaluate the degree of other selected languages. 100 words were randomly chosen from the most frequently used in English and translated into other language respectively. At least two native speakers of each language were asked, after appropriate training, to evaluate the inflectional degree of these words. After translating and evaluating 100 English words, respondents again were asked to give the feedback of translating and evaluating 100 English words. Final inflectional degrees of words were the integrated combinations of the inflection of each language.

M.Sc.
This dissertation establishes the present – day condition of the Hennops River in terms of its water quality and hydrological status. The Hennops River is situated between Johannesburg and Pretoria within the provincial boundaries of Gauteng. The province has a high population density and is regarded as the economic powerhouse of South Africa. As such, rivers flowing through Gauteng have become polluted by the different land uses and activities present in the province. The Hennops River itself has lost most of its aesthetic appeal and has become less useful for recreational and agricultural uses. Furthermore, the Hennops River has become a liability and concern in suburbs south of Pretoria and, more importantly, has become less suitable for sustaining aquatic ecosystems in some of its sections. The Hennops River, therefore, has an effect not only on the environment itself, but also in terms of social and economic aspects. Because of these concerns it was deemed necessary to determine the actual water quality conditions and associated problems prevailing in the Hennops River. Being fed by tributaries, these problems could not be overlooked and were also included in this study. In order to achieve the aim of the study a literature review concerning the concept of water quality and the different physical and chemical constituents affecting aquatic ecosystems needed to be conducted. Added to this, attention had to be given to the study area’s physical features and land uses having an effect on the catchment’s water quality and associated problems. A literature review on existing knowledge of the Hennops River and its principal tributaries was also conducted so that it could be determined whether these rivers have deteriorated over the past three decades. The most recent water quality data was not only compared against existing knowledge, but also in terms of the Target Water Quality Range for Aquatic Ecosystems as stipulated by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. This study showed that deterioration of the Hennops River has occurred since rapid urbanisation within its catchment started during the 1970’s. Most of the River’s water quality and associated problems can be ascribed to problems occurring further upstream in the form of the Kaalspruit and Olifantspruit flowing through formal and informal settlements, industrial areas and agricultural land. The water quality of these rivers and the upper Hennops River is the least suitable of the whole study area for aquatic ecosystem well-being. Not only is this a concern but additional hydrological problems occur as well. These include problems such as erosional activity of riverbeds and riverbanks and the silting-up of Centurion Lake. An urgent need exists for holistic catchment management and rehabilitative measures to be implemented to improve the ecological state of these rivers. Rehabilitative measures were proposed and are aimed at improving the water quality and associated problems of the Hennops River and its affected tributaries. It is concluded, therefore, that the status of the Hennops River is not going to improve without the implementation of rehabilitative measures that should form part of an environmental management plan.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
104
This thesis focuses on the flourishing of Non-Practicing Entities in the U.S., as well as its position in patent market and opinions of scholars, then observes institutions reform with regard to patent law in responses to NPE issues in the U.S. Also, this thesis further explores patent law issues in Taiwan. In addition, this thesis introduces traditional tactics which enterprises have adopting and new tactics rising recently and relevant issues. First, this thesis introduces the role that NPE plays in patent market based on scholars, and analyzes the reason why Patent Assertion Entities who misuse patent right have been prevailing through the aspects of legal institution and market. With regard to legal institution, the design of patent application examination procedure cannot deal with exploding patent application well, while litigation institutions have created relatively friendly surroundings for patent holders. On the other hand, with regard to market aspect, the development of internet, the complex high-tech products and the operation modes of PAE which spend less cost and gain high profit have also created better surroundings for PAE. Second, this thesis introduces acts raised by congress related to patent law in order to balance the protection to patent holder and encouraging technics using by public. Leading by America Invents Act, which has reformed some basic rules in patent system, congress has then raised a lot of amendment acts. The issues of those amendment acts meant to deal with are as follow: regulations to warning letter, restrictions to discovery procedure, switching litigation fees and transparency of patent ownership. Apart from acts raised by congress, government organizations and courts have also created specific standards in respect to injunctions orders. Preceding reforms have corrected patent regulations into a balance between patent holder and practicing entities. In comparison to the U.S. patent law, there have been criticisms pointing out that patent law in Taiwan has overly suppressed patent holders in exercising their rights, which may have some negative influences in innovations. With regard to the problems encountered by Taiwan, This thesis discusses following issues: utility model patent and relevant issues, regulations for warning letter, adopting U.S. discovery procedure and registration antagonism in patent registration. Although the issues in Taiwan are different with those in the U.S., the way to solve those problems are the same, that is, regulations reform should focus on balancing protections to patent holder and encouraging technics using by public. After the discussion of institution reform, this thesis turns to another direction exploring tactics that enterprises have adopted in responses to PAE issues. First, this thesis introduces traditional tactics, including developing patent database, creating patent monitor system, and finding professional to manage tactics. If the enterprise lack of resources, it can take out patent litigation insurance. On the other hand, the basic defense tactics used in litigation, including patent invalidity claim, non-infringement claim, and patent misuse claim, are what all enterprises should knowing well. Recently, apart from preceding traditional defense tactics, there has been a newly developed defense tactic, Defensive Patent Aggregation. This thesis introduces the origin of the concept and development, and then analyzes the organization and operation mode of DPA based on three unique organizations, RPX, AST, and LOT Network. This thesis further discusses relevant issues with regard to antitrust law as some agreements between DPA and its members may have anticompetitive effects to the market. For this issue, this thesis introduces the antitrust lawsuit between DPA and PAE and analyzes the issues within the case. Although anticompetitive concerns may occur in the operation of DPA, it still brings the opportunities for enterprises in lowering patent litigation risk. In addition, it is helpful in promoting industries development and market competition. Finally, this thesis concludes preceding researches in the last chapter, and analyzes the tactics for enterprises when confront PAE issues as tactic advices for enterprises in Taiwan when encounter similar issues.

Overuse of the Interstate and National Highway Systems has led many urban freeways to suffer from recurrent congestion and high crash rates. One method of ameliorating these problems is through the use of Active Traffic Management (ATM). Within ATM, the practice of speed harmonization is well suited to improving safety and reducing delay. In this study, speed harmonization is applied to a segment of Interstate Highway 35, just south of downtown Austin, Texas. First, the need for congestion and safety improvements will be established. Then, the framework of a speed harmonization system will be developed through a synthesis of speed harmonization best practice. Next, the speed harmonization framework will be evaluated for its impact on efficiency through the development of before and after micro-simulation models. Finally, the trajectory files generated from simulation will be analyzed using surrogate safety measures to assess the safety impact of the proposed speed harmonization system.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil (área de especialização em Perfil de Construções)
A exposição a ruído ambiental elevado pode causar situações de stress, interferências nas atividades básicas do ser humano como dormir, descansar ou estudar. O prolongamento da exposição pode provocar problemas de saúde graves como hipertensão e doenças cardiovasculares, surgindo como um fator que influencia na qualidade de vida das pessoas, principalmente em cidade, provocando incomodidade. Em Portugal, o ruído está regulamentado através do Regulamento Geral do Ruído (RGR), publicado no D.L. 9/2007 de 17 de Janeiro. Este diploma legal introduz, à semelhança do seu percursor D.L. 292/2000, a consideração da variável ruído urbano em sede de planeamento. Neste quadro, estabelece que a execução da política de ordenamento do território e de urbanismo deve assegurar a qualidade do ambiente sonoro, promovendo a melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas. De acordo com os requisitos impostos pelo Decreto-Lei nº 9/2007 relativamente ao ruído ambiente, a Câmara Municipal de Viana do Castelo encontra-se a realizar um Plano Municipal de Redução de Ruído (PMRR) de modo a estabelecer para valores legais, os níveis de ruído das zonas que se encontram sobreexpostas. A zona objeto do presente estudo encontra-se situada na cidade de Viana do Castelo e é constituída pela Avenida Capitão Gaspar de Castro e zonas envolventes. Esta é uma zona de conflito acústico que possui grau de sobreexposição 1, ou seja, corresponde a uma zona com nível de sobreexposição que ultrapassa os limites legais em 15 dB(A), considerando-se por esse motivo uma zona prioritária de atuação. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar esta zona de conflito acústico e aplicar medidas de redução de ruído, tecnicamente viáveis, para reduzir os níveis de ruído evidenciados atualmente.
The exposure to high environmental noise can cause stressful situations and can interfere with the basic activities of human beings as sleep, rest and study. The prolonged exposure can cause serious health problems such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease, emerging as a factor that influences the people’s quality of life, especially in the city, causing discomfort. In Portugal, the noise is regulated through the Regulamento Geral do Ruído (RGR) (General Regulation of Noise), published in D.L. 9/2007 17th of January. This regulation introduced, like its precursor D.L. 292/2000, the consideration of the variable noise in urban planning headquarters. This statute, establishes that the execution of policy of spatial planning and urban planning must ensure the quality of the sound environment, promoting the improvement of a better quality of life. According to the requirements of the Decree-Law Nº 9/2007 related to environmental noise, the City Hall of Viana do Castelo is conducting a Plano Municipal de Redução de Ruído (PMRR) (Municipal Plan of Noise Reduction) to establish for legal values, the noise levels of the areas that are overexposed. The object of this study area is located in the city of Viana do Castelo and is constituted by Capitão Gaspar de Castro Avenue and the surrounding areas. This is an acoustic conflict area that has a 1st degree level of overexposure, therefore a level that surpasses the legal limits of 15dB(A). Because of this, the area previously mentioned is considered to be prioritary and as a result, an immediate course of action should be taken. This thesis aims to analyze this acoustic conflict zone and apply feasible means of noise reduction, with the purpose of reducting the noise levels currently outlined.

碩士
國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
103
Non-practicing entities pervert patent litigation system, extracting excessive damages awards and patent royalties. They account for extremely expensive society cost and public resource waste. According to statistical data, NPEs are particularly common in the high-tech sector, in part because of smart devices flourishing and highly overlapping skills among different producing companies. Due to the difficult to distinguish patent rights, the patent thicket exacerbates the problem. Therefore, accused infringers may tend to settle with NPEs to avoid paying for high suit defensive costs. The business model interferes with whole technical innovation severely. This article will focus on the features of high-tech patents, analyzing the connection between patent quality and NPEs activities. Moreover, to curb bad patents, this article will also discuss recent patent examination systems of U.S., involving administration, justice and legislation procedures. And for the same purpose, the defensive strategies of enterprises will be introduced in this article. Finally, the suggestions of global patent wars for domestic industries will be given.