Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés fonctionnelles et non fonctionnelles'
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Gómez, Cárdenas Carlos Ernesto. "Une approche multi-vue pour la modélisation système de propriétés fonctionnelles et non-fonctionnelles." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931001.
Full textCarle, Thomas. "Compilation efficace de spécifications de contrôle embarqué avec prise en compte de propriétés fonctionnelles et non-fonctionnelles complexes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066392/document.
Full textThere is a long standing separation between the fields of compiler construction and real-time scheduling. While both fields have the same objective - the construction of correct implementations – the separation was historically justified by significant differences in the models and methods that were used. Nevertheless, with the ongoing complexification of applications and of the hardware of the execution platforms, the objects and problems studied in these two fields are now largely overlapping. In this thesis, we focus on the automatic code generation for embedded control systems with complex constraints, including hard real-time requirements. To this purpose, we advocate the need for a reconciled research effort between the communities of compilation and real-time systems. By adapting a technique usually used in compilers (software pipelining) to the system-level problem of multiprocessor scheduling of hard real-time applications, we shed light on the difficulties of this unified research effort, but also show how it can lead to real advances. Indeed we explain how adapting techniques for the optimization of new objectives, in a different context, allows us to develop more easily systems of better quality than what was done until now. In this adaptation process, we propose to use synchronous formalisms and languages as a common formal ground. These can be naturally seen as extensions of classical models coming from both real-time scheduling (dependent task graphs) and compilation (single static assignment and data dependency graphs), but also provide powerful techniques for manipulating complex control structures. We implemented our results in the LoPhT compiler
Maillot, Bertrand. "Propriétés asymptotiques de quelques estimateurs non-paramétriques pour des variables vectorielles et fonctionnelles." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066477.
Full textIbersiene, Fatima. "Étude théorique de propriétés spectroscopiques et d’optique non linéaire de complexes organométalliques." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S197.
Full textWe investigated using theoretical tools, namely Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent DFT (TDDFT) computations, several series of molecules. We focused our study on photochromic, luminescence and first and second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Thus, quadratic β hyperpolarizability calculations were carried out on boroxine derivatives octupolar species. We highlighted structures exhibiting a good compromise between high βvalues and transparency in the visible region. We noted the increase of cubic γhyperpolarizability with the HOMO energy in a series of bis(E-dimesitylborylethenyl)-substituted arenes and proposed structures which enhance this property. The theoretical study of a series of 4,4′-bis(X-styryl)-2,2′-bipyridine M(II) dichloride complexes enabled us to determine their spin states, geometries and their quadratic NLO properties. The study of a photochromic ligand (L) derived from 4,4’-bis(ethenyl)-2,2’-bipyridine ligand functionalized by R-phenyl and DTE styryl groups with R=H, OMe, NMe2 (DTE = dithienylethene) which should lead by complexation to dipolar and octupolar systems with D3 or D2d symmetry exhibiting strong quadratic hyperpolarizabilities, has been done. A good agreement was obtained between theoretical and experimental UV-visible spectra permitting the assignment of the observed bands. Moreover, the photochromism of DTE commutes NLO βactivity of the ligand and the complexes. Zn(II) complexes exhibit a strong increase of β relatively to the isolated L ligand. We highlighted a co-ligand leading to an enhancement of this property
Didi, Sultana. "Quelques propriétés asymptotiques en estimation non paramétrique de fonctionnelles de processus stationnaires en temps continu." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066191/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis focuses upon some nonparametric estimation problems. More precisely, considering kernel estimators of the density, the regression and the conditional mode functions associated to a stationary continuous-time process, we aim at establishing some asymptotic properties while taking a sufficiently general dependency framework for the data as to be easily used in practice. The present manuscript includes four parts. The first one gives the state of the art related to the field of our concern and identifies well our contribution as compared to the existing results in the literature. In the second part, we focus on the kernel density estimation. In a rather general dependency setting, where we use a martingale difference device and a technique based on a sequence of projections on -fields, we establish the almost sure pointwise and uniform consistencies with rates of our estimate. In the third part, similar asymptotic properties are established for the kernel estimator of the regression function. Here and below, the processes are assumed to be ergodic In the same spirit, we study in the fourth part, the kernel estimate of conditional mode function for which we establish consistency properties with rates of convergence. The proposed estimator may be viewed as an alternative in the prediction issues to the usual regression function
Castellano, Olga. "Etudes théoriques des propriétés optiques non linéaires d'anions aromatiques et de leurs complexes organométalliques." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0029.
Full textWe study theoretically the optical properties (, , ) of a series of aromatic anions of the S-, , and substituent groups, with n = 1, 2, 3 benzene rings, by using PM3 parametrization, Ab Initio at Hartree-Fock HF, M¢ller-Plesset MP2 and MP4 levels, and DFT methods at B3LYP level with the 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-311++G(3d,3p) basis sets. The dynamic properties where also evaluated with the Time Dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF). Coupled Clusters CC methods were used for the benzene-thiolate anion properties only. Additionally, the nonlinear properties at PM3 level of some organometallic thiolates complexes: , where M = Zn, Cd,Hg, Pb and m = 3, 4, were also studied. On the other hand, we determined using the hyper Rayleigh-Scattering HRS experimental technique of some new synthesized chiral carboxylates salts using methanol as solvent and we also measured a series of bases of nucleic acid such as uracil, thymine, adenine, cytosine and 5-fluorouracil compounds in water solutions. Also, was studied the first hyperpolarizability of para-Nitroaniline in methanol solution. The experimental results are supported by calculations of the zzz main component associated to the HRS response
Moradi, koutchi Behrang. "Contribution à la formalisation et à l'évaluation de propriétés non-fonctionnelles pour l’ingénierie de système complexe : application à la résilience." Thesis, IMT Mines Alès, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAL0009.
Full textTo fulfill its mission and achieve its objectives, a complex system must satisfy a set of identified and formalized functional and non-functional requirements. Some non-functional requirements are identified as providing a set of capabilities allowing a system to reach its objectives. This repository includes the requirements known as « -ilities » such as the resilience or the interoperability (De Weck, 2012). The resilience is an important requirement that must be managed and maximized by a system that aims to face up to disruptions and maintain acceptable levels of service and performance. It is defined as "the ability to resist, absorb, recover or adapt to a test or change" (Hollnagel, 2011). In this context, the assessment of resilience enables human operators to easily identify the elements (activities, techniques, humans ...) that can improve the level of resilience. The here presented research work focuses on the definition, the specification and the development of a method to evaluate the resilience. Although the concept of resilience is not new, existing studies are mainly limited to the development of evaluation methods based on the performance and quality of service of a system. In addition, these methods often focus only on one phase of the resilience lifecycle: anticipation or response or recovery. In this sense, these methods do not integrate existing interactions between resilience and other requirements. In this research work, we focus on the study of the interactions between requirements and resilience to provide an overall assessment of the resilience in each of its lifecycle phases. As a result, the method developed to assess resilience is based on the analysis of the network of "-ilities" and the characterization of the nature of the relationships that exist between resilience and these « -ilities ». The proposed method is based on two contributions: the mapping of the resilience and the formalization of a resilience metric called "operability". Mapping allows to identify all « -ilities » linked to resilience and to position them according to their involvement in the life cycle of the resilience (anticipation, response, recovery). This mapping is based on the analysis of existing work on « -ilities » and its network (De Weck, 2012). According to its relationships and the definition of their nature the indicator of resilience is developed. The evaluation provided by the metric ("operability") is qualitative. It relies on the definition of a set of parameters (current value, impact, priority and existence) describing the interactions of other « -ilities » on resilience. The developed metric allows to aggregate all these parameters to give an evaluation of the resilience for each phase of its life cycle. The resulting interpretation is then easily exploitable by human operators in order to check the current state of resilience or improve it
Espinoza, Ortiz Huascar. "Une Approche Intégrée, Dirigée par les Modèles, pour la Spécification et l’Analyse des Propriétés Non-Fonctionnelles des Systèmes Temps Réel." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2007/interne/2007EVRY0016.pdfL.
Full textDespite the potential benefits of Model Driven Engineering in the real-time systems domain, there is a lack of suitable mechanisms for specifying non-functional aspects (e. G. Performance, reliability) as well as of efficient methodologies for integrating non-functional analysis techniques and tools in a global design decision process. To overcome these limitations, this thesis proposes a set of extensions to UML (Unified Modeling Language): 1) a generic framework for specifying accurate non-functional properties, 2) a specialized profile that allows annotating design models for enabling their schedulability analysis, and 3) a generic set of high-level constructs to compose complex analysis contexts from parameterized building blocks. Besides, we also define methodological guidelines and usage constraints that help users to integrate multiple analysis techniques in order to evaluate globally optimal resource selection, allocation and configuration
Douge, Lahcen. "Sur l'estimation fonctionnelle des processus associés et quasi-associés." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066406.
Full textAït-Ameur, Yamine. "Application des techniques d'interprétation abstraite aux développements formels de programmes." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ESAE0014.
Full textDalle, Jean-Hugues. "Greffes non apparentées de sang placentaire : résultats en pédiatrie : propriétés phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des cellules NK d'origine placentaire et interactions in vitro avec les antithymoglobulines de lapin utilisées dans le conditionnement de ces greffes." Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL2S002.
Full textOur aim were to confirm efficacy of unrelated cord blood transplantation (CB) and to study in vitro properties of both umbilical and adult NK cells. METHODS : Retrospective clinical study comparing results of unrelated CB and bone marrow transplantation. In vitro studies of NK cells phenotype and functions with or without antihimoglobulins (ATG). RESULTS : the use of CB was quicker and also effective than adult stem cell use. NK cells from adult and CB do not differ. Cytotoxicity, proliferation and IFN-γ production were similar. ATG does not modify either proliferation, apoptosis or cytotoxicity but dramatically increase IFN-γ production. CONCLUSION : The use of unrelated CB as stem cell source was efficient. Umbilical NK cells were mature. Our results could explain at least partially the efficiency of T-cell depletion in order to obtain positive impact from NK alloreactivity in allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Pouillon, Yann. "Propriétés structurales et électroniques d'agrégats CuOn (n=1-6) et du composé solide Cu2(OH)3(NO3) : une étude par la fonctionnelle de densité." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002423.
Full textAbi, Lahoud Elie. "Composition dynamique de services : application à la conception et au développement de systèmes d'information dans un environnement distribué." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560489.
Full textEl, Harfaoui Nadia. "Gels et films de gélatine : structure et propriétés fonctionnelles." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077025.
Full textGelatin is a protein obtained by the partial hydrolysis of natural collagen derived from mammal connective tissue skin and bones. Gelatin gels are widely used in many applications including pharmaceutical, food and photographic industries. We studied gelatin gels from different sources (bones, pig skins or beef bides), characterised by their isoelectric point, Bloom, molecular weight and index of polydispersity. We investigated firstly the structural properties: the helix amounts by optical rotation measurements and the enthalpy of helix formation and melting, with the same thermal protocols, for various concentrations. Comparison between the two methods allowed deriving the enthalpy of helix-coil transition and melting. We investigated the effect of molecular weight. We examined the correlation between the storage modulus (G') and the helical concentration (Chel) of the gels in a large range of concentrations for different sources of gelatin and various extractions and we established a master curve. We study the thermal properties of films prepared from the solution of gelatin containing water or water+glycerol, dried in well controlled conditions. The methods of investigation are: polarimetry, rheology and calorimetry
Goussard, Valentin. "Nouveaux émollients biosourcés : modélisation, synthèse, propriétés physicochimiques et fonctionnelles." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R003.
Full textAn increased awareness of both persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment of volatile cyclic silicones such as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), has rendered the regulation in cosmetic field more stringent. In the meantime, consumers are increasingly responsive to natural products and require the same sensorial profile as the one offered by D5. These evolutions encouraged industrials to find biosourced alternatives to cyclomethicones. In this work, highlighting relationships between the sensorial profile of cosmetic emollients, their physicochemical properties and their structural characteristics has led to the identification of original chemical structures, which offer physicochemical properties as close as possible to those of D5. The use of in silico syntheses allows to generate several new virtual candidate emollients to improve spreading on the skin surface and reach the light and smooth after-feel offered by the D5. Based on neural networks modeling, three new predictive models tested on a set of commercial emollients were used to predict accurately the physicochemical properties (surface tension, viscosity and boiling point) of virtual emollients, which has led to the identification of the most promising candidates. Then, these candidates have been synthesized, characterized and benchmarked against commercial emollients. Combining the most promising candidates with other cosmetic oils has resulted in high synergistic effects, offering the possibility to significantly improve the spreading properties of candidate emollients. Finally, emulsions have been formulated with some of the newly developed emollients
Waksman, Gilles. "Etude des propriétés fonctionnelles de l'endopeptidase neutre cérébrale." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066667.
Full textEthier, Christian. "Propriétés fonctionnelles et organisation du cortex moteur chez le chat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25023/25023.pdf.
Full textLinarès, Elodie. "Production et caractérisation d'hydrolysats de gluten à propriétés fonctionnelles spécifiques." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS050.
Full textHardy, Olivier. "Le toit optique du pigeon : propriétés fonctionnelles et organisation neuronale." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066028.
Full textDurand, Morgan. "Propriétés physico-chimiques, fonctionnelles et applicatives des éthers courts d’isosorbide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10196/document.
Full textIn the last past years, an increasing awareness of the hazards linked to the use of solvents has strengthened the regulation and forced to optimize their use. This evolution entailed an increasing interest for bio-solvents, i.e. solvents from renewable materials and with good health and environmental properties. In this context, isosorbide, a diol obtained by the double deshydratation of sorbitol, might be valuable synthon for the design of a wide range of molecules and polymers. The short isosorbide diethers (_ 5 carbones per alkyl chain), as they are biosourced and liquid at ambient temperature, are potentialy promising solvents, that is why they have been studied. The monomethyl isosorbides (-endo et -exo forms) have also been evaluated, as they are the main impurities of the commercial dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), the most promising compound of this solvents family. The physicochemical, functional and applicative properties that are necessary to the characterization and the use of new solvents have been assessed : the thermo-physical properties (vapor pressure, vaporization enthalpy), the optical and electrical properties (refractive index, dielectric constant, dipole moment), the functional properties (viscosity, partition coefficient, Kamlet et Taft solvatochromic parameters) have been measured. The environmental, health and safety profile of DMI has been determined and compared to common solvents, allowing the evaluation of its "greenness". As DMI is fully miscible with water, its physicochemical properties in aqueous solutions have been studied as well, and have enlightened a self-aggregation of DMI within a large concentration range.A solvent design process has then been developped in order to estimate the potential use of these new solvents. A novel approach for the classification of solvents has been proposed, based solely on the solvent molecular structure and relying on the "COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents" (COSMO-RS) in which solvents are considered in their liquid state. This approach has allowed the classification of 152 solvents into 10 classes without requiring the knowledge of any experimental data. The approach has been applied to DMI and allowed to find some potential applications that have been evaluated, among which the use of DMI as fluxing agent for bitumen composition, coalescing agent for water-borne paints, solvent for paint strippers, solvent for ink removal, or coupling agent for the formulation of liquid detergents
Pinto, Manuel. "Des inegalites fonctionnelles et leurs applications." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13097.
Full textMatringe-Brunold, Elisabeth. "Propriétés fonctionnelles des protéines de lait et d'oeuf et de leurs mélanges." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS069.
Full textAlahyane, Nadia. "Adaptation des saccades oculaires réactives et volontaires : propriétés fonctionnelles et substrats neuroanatomiques." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10018.
Full textFlorens, Laurence. "La superfamille des cytochromes C3 de Desulfovibrio : propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11015.
Full textLin, Fangbo. "Modification régiosélective de nanocristaux de cellulose : synthèse, assemblages et propriétés fonctionnelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV029.
Full textCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been identified as highly attractive building blocks for the design of innovative biosourced materials. These nanoparticles are indeed derived from an abundant and renewable source, cellulose fibers, and possess exceptional properties such as a very large surface area, a low density, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and mechanical properties comparable to those of Kevlar. An interesting feature of these nano-objects, which has not been widely exploited yet, is their chemical polarity. Indeed, the biosynthesis leads to different extremities of the rods from a chemical point of view, which makes it possible to generate asymmetrically functionalized CNCs. Alternatively, CNCs made of the allomorph II of cellulose (CNC-II) can also be produced. CNC-II particles exhibit a rather similar geometry as CNCs but both rod ends are amenable to chemical modification. This thesis project has thus focused on new strategies to efficiently modify in a regioselective manner CNCs and CNC-II particles in order to generate innovative and functional assemblies.First, an in situ growth strategy was developed to drastically optimize the regioselective labelling of CNCs and CNC-II with gold nanoparticles when compared to literature data (labelling yield increased from about 15 to 80%). This development allowed us to get insight into fundamental morphological features by confirming the antiparallel packing of cellulose chains in CNC-II and by showing that CNCs derived from cotton are made of a parallel assembling of chemically polar elementary crystallites.Secondly, both types of nanocellulose particles were successfully regioselectively functionalized with thermosensitive polymer chains using a two-step oxidation and peptide coupling strategy. In the case of CNCs, the resulting hybrid particles underwent a thermally induced-aggregation into star-shaped aggregates composed of 3 to 6 nanocrystals attached by their ends. Using CNC-II particles, a reversible temperature-triggered association into supra-micronic networks could be obtained through end-to-end attachment of the cellulose rods. The structural features of these new objects and their assemblies were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and small angle X-ray or neutron scattering. Rheology measurements were used to show that in both cases, above the LCST of the grafted polymer chains, a gel-like behavior is obtained but the network structure led to stronger effects than the star-shaped complexes.Finally, the optimization of the grafting process was investigated and the use of DCC/DMAP or 4-PPY as catalysts of the peptide coupling and DMF as the solvent turned out to be the best conditions.The use of N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to induce a swelling of the CNC ends and favor the reaction was also studied. However, no swelling could be detected but the treatment with NMMO had a noticeable effect of separating the elementary crystallites forming the CNCs.Since the undertaken modifications concern a very reduced fraction of the available anhydroglucose units, a quantitative direct characterization of the regioselective derivatization of CNCs remains challenging, even if the use of advanced techniques such as scattering methods give fruitful information. However, the present work shows that such a site-selective functionalization coupled with the use of biosourced particles allows a fine tuning of stimuli-sensitive assembling into innovative structures that give rise to new macroscopic properties
Cherhal, Fanch. "Emulsions stabilisées par des nanocristaux de cellulose : élaboration et propriétés fonctionnelles." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=66515bd4-2960-4b4a-8348-13a7fc07c137.
Full textThe last decade, an increasing interest in the development and characterization of emulsions stabilized by colloidal bio-based particles, the so-called Pickering emulsions, has emerged. Notably, nanocrystals of polysaccharides such as cellulose, are of particular interest since they are more respectful of the environment. This thesis concerns the understanding of the parameters responsible for the stabilization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) at the water/oil interface. Therefore, three CNC batches with variable surfaces charge densities were prepared and characterized. AFM, TEM and small angles neutron scattering (SANS) were used to visualize the different morphologies and determine the dimensions of isolated and aggregated CNC. A fractal aggregation process with fractal dimensions of 2. 1 to 2. 3 was determined. Pickering emulsions were produced with various CNC. The evolution of drop diameters of emulsions stabilized by CNC depending on the concentration and surface charge density of the CNC shows two distinct areas. One, at the low concentrations, governed by the limited coalescence process at constant drop coverage, and another, at the higher concentrations, where a densification of the interface is observed at a constant drops diameter. The structural study by SANS defined thicknesses from 6 nm to 22 nm of the cellulose layer. Adding internal phase led to high internal phase emulsions (HIPE). These emulsions were characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and drop diameters distribution. It is observed that by including additional oil to the starting emulsion, a second population of large diameter drop arises. Depending on the amount of CNC, a variation of the drop distribution is observed. This is explained by the variable coverage of the surface, leading to coalescence beyond a critical value of concentration. Finally, textur of the HIPE was tuned based on the concentration of CNC, the salinity and surface charge density
Poirier, Alexandre. "Propriétés fonctionnelles de protéines végétales, en volume et aux interfaces fluides." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS005/document.
Full textChallenges of public health and sustainable development trend to intensify the use of vegetables proteins, particularly in consumer goods sectors such as pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. The recent overcome of technical limitation allows the industrial purification of vegetables proteins derived from meal made by vegetable oils production. These proteins are valuable as substitutes for saturated fats in structuring oils for human consumption. The lack of unsaturated vegetable oil texture can be reduced by these proteins acting as stabilizers and gelling agents in emulsions. We are interested in the functional properties of wheat, sunflower and rapeseed proteins, by volume and at interfaces. We have shown that sunflower protein gels with modulable elasticities are obtained by thermal denaturation. In addition, we studied the dynamics of protein film formation at fluid interfaces by combining measurements of tensiometry, dilatational viscoelasticity and ellipsometry. We highlight different structuring regimes and discuss the role of protein flexibility in this structuring
Tsvetkov, Philippe. "Etude thermodynamique des propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles de protéines dépendantes du calcium." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22057.
Full textSuissa, Laurent. "Études des propriétés fonctionnelles et du rôle de la protéine membranaire SLC5A8." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4034/document.
Full textThe functional properties of the SLC5A8 membrane protein and its physiological role have been studied in vitro and in vivo using slc5a8-/- mice. In vitro, analysis of metabolite uptake by LC-MS with slc5a8 transfected HEK cells to study sodium-dependent transport of monocarboxylates, in particular pyruvate but also ketone bodies. Using a metabolomic approach, we showed that SLC5A8-mediated pyruvate uptake fuels the Krebs cycle and has an inhibitory effect on the glycolytic enzyme, GAPDH. Bromopyruvate, the halogen derivative of pyruvate, is a known antitumour agent targeting GAPDH and has a similar effect. We propose that the tumour suppressor function reported for SLC5A8 in the literature is associated with an "anti-Warburg" effect. In vivo, aged slc5a8-/- mice showed diffuse intramyelinic oedema without demyelination. This indicated a hydro-ionic disorder in the periaxonal space due to chronic energy deficiency. While expression of SLC5A8 was confirmed in renal tubular cells, the expression of the protein was not detected in brain suggesting a renal origin of the described leukoencephalopathy. Slc5a8-/- mice showed strong urinary loss of ketone bodies leading to cerebral insufficiency of β-hydroxybutyrate. This ketone is an essential energy source for the brain, in particular when carbohydrate metabolism is dysfunctionning, like in the case of insulin resistance that was found in aged slc5a8-/- mice. This study highlights the major role of ketone bodies in neuroenergetics
Bah, Micka. "Synthèse et propriétés fonctionnelles de céramiques et monocristaux piézoélectriques sans plomb (K, Na)NbO3." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4026/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to elaborate different controlled microstructures of undoped (K0,5Na0,5)NbO3 by different methods, with full structural and microstructural characterization in order to study and to elucidate the influence of the densification and grain size effect on the piezoelectric properties. For this, it is necessary to produce KNN microstructures with controlled composition, starting with micrometer grain size, then millimeter and if possible centimeter grain size and to attain densification ranging from 80 % up to 95 % of the theoretical one. Beyond the KNN microstructure engineering, the growth of large (K0,5Na0,5)NbO3 single crystals about several mm3 with good crystallinity and full structural and microstructural characterization would enable the elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric tensors to be fully characterized as well as to validate the original characterization methods developed within the GREMAN laboratory
Zidi-Yahiaoui, Nedjma. "Propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles des protéines RhBG et RhCG, transporteur d'ammonium chez les mammifères." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077133.
Full textThe mammalian Rh (Rhesus) proteins (RhCE, RhD, RhAG, RhBG and RhCG) belong to the Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily of ammonium transportera identified in bacteria, yeasts, plants and animals. Whereas RhCE, RhD and RhAG are erythroid specific, RhBG and RhCG are expressed in key organs associated with ammonium transport and metabolism particularly in kidney and liver. We have investigated the ammonium transport function of human RhBG and RhCG by comparing intracellular pH variation in wild type and transfected MDCK and HEK293 cells in the presence of an ammonium (NH₄⁺/NH₃) gradient. Stopped-flow spectrofluorimetry analysis, using a pH-sensitive probe, revealed, as compared with wild type cells, a low temperature-dependence of ammonium transport and a faster alkalinisation phase in RhBG and RhCG-transfected cells. Our results show that NH₃ movement across the plasma membrane is facilitated by RhBG and RhCG indicating that these proteins behave as NH₃ channels. Homology models based on crystallographic structures o the bacterial NH₃ channels Escherichia coli AmtB (EcAmtB) and Nitrosomonas europaea Rh5( (A/eRh50) confirms a channel structure for human Rh glycoproteins. Based on the 3D structure, we have highlighted critical residues involved in Rh channel activity and specific mechanistics of NH transport as compared to EcAmtB. This study reveals similarities and differences in ammonia transport mechanism through EcAmtB and human Rh proteins. These functional specificities might be related to the different physiological nitrogen roles in bacteria and mammals
Giraudel, Anne. "Séparation des sous-unités (alpha) et (beta) de la tubuline : propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10200.
Full textDomazet, Ivana. "Propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles du récepteur AT[indice inférieur 1] de l’angiotensine II." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6702.
Full textRoche, Angelina. "Modélisation statistique pour données fonctionnelles : approches non-asymptotiques et méthodes adaptatives." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023919.
Full textLandomiel, Flavie. "Propriétés signalétiques des B-arrestines : mise en évidence de nouveaux partenaires et implications fonctionnelles." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4044.
Full textΒ-arrestins play an important role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-induced signal transduction. In this thesis, we show here that β-arrestins exert more complex and subtle regulation than previously thought on the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway which is activated by Gs-coupled GPCRs. We demonstrate that β-arrestins directly interact with PKAcat and promote its translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, we provide evidence that β-arrestins directly interact with CREB thereby forming a transcriptionally active complex upon agonist stimulation. We also found that PKAcat, p70S6K and Src all directly interact with β-arrestins through the same interaction site and are therefore potential mutually exclusive interactions. We then measured the impact of a point mutation and of a polymorphism in the FSH-R on β-arrestin-dependent signaling, in part using FRET and BRET sensors
Intes, Olivier. "Fractionnement, caractérisation et étude des propriétés fonctionnelles des composés lipidiques du son de blé." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMP202.
Full textEscola, Ludovic. "Propriétés fonctionnelles des neurones de l'aire motrice supplémentaire chez le singe normal et parkinsonien." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28978.
Full textDinocourt, Céline. "Propriétés morphologiques et fonctionnelles des réseaux GABAergiques dans les épilepsies expérimentales du lobe temporal." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22061.
Full textTarbe, Marion. "Conception, étude structurale et propriétés fonctionnelles de nouveaux peptidomimes antigéniques pour une immunothérapie antitumorale." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14114/document.
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Cuvelier, Gérard. "Propriétés fonctionnelles de la gomme xanthane : propriétés rhéologiques en solution aqueuse et interactions avec la gomme de caroube." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112278.
Full textThe rheological behaviour of xanthan solutions in NaC1 0. 1M at 25°C have been studied at concentrations from 0. 005 to 0. 8 g/dl. Two critical concentrations are found from flow properties : 0. 03 g/dl, the limit of dilute domain, and 0. 11 g/dl, the beginning of semi-dilute domain. The viscoelastic properties also show two distinct behaviour on both sides of C ˞0. 11 g/dl. A mechanism of parallel packing of chain segments is proposed, beyond this concentration. X-C mixtures at very low concentration have been studied by a sensitive viscometric method. A weak thixotropic network has been shown down to a concentration of a few ppm. The network formation depends on the ageing time. Maximum synergistic effects are observed for a X/C ratio of 55/45. Intrinsic viscosity and Huggins coefficient, determined from viscosity measurements after disruption of the structure under shear, show a decrease of the average hydrodynamic volume and a high tendency to aggregation at the maximum of synergy. A mechanism of association of the two polymers, involving the formation of stable X-C aggregates and of shear sensitive "superaggregates" is proposed. The study of viscoelastic properties of 0. 5 g/dl gels leads to the hypothesis of the existence of long lasting X-C interactions, and X-X interactions of shorter lifetime. Maximum synergistic effect is observed for about 70% xanthan. The evolution of the gel during ageing time at 25°C shows a restructuration of the medium, new X-X junction zones being formed at the expense of X-C junction zones. The measurements of viscoelastic properties during sol-gel transition (melting ˞53°C) indicates that a rheological criterion (G'/G"=cste independently of the frequency) recently proposed for the determination of the percolation threshold may be extended to the physical gels
Laurent, Béatrice. "Estimation de fonctionnelles integrales non lineaires d'une densite et de ses derivees." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112023.
Full textSaidou, Clement. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et fonctionnelles des gommes hydrocolloïdes des écorces de Triumfetta cordifolia et Bridelia thermifolia." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870761.
Full textMoriceau, Julien. "Élaboration de vitrocéramiques et de composites particulaires à matrice vitreuse aux propriétés mécaniques et fonctionnelles innovantes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S094/document.
Full textIn this thesis, glass-ceramics and glass matrix composites have been developed in order to study the interactions between the crack and the various inclusions. Firstly, the nucleation and volume crystallization of spherulites in a glass of the BaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system were studied. Then, the influence of crystallization on elasticity, hardness and toughness was measured. An increase of these properties due to crystallization was observed. After doping with rare earths oxides, the glass was functionalized by surface crystallization of phosphorescent crystals. Secondly, the influence of a Poisson’s ratio differential (between the matrix and inclusions) on the crack propagation was studied. For this purpose, glassy particulate glass matrix composites have been elaborated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and studied by Double Cleavage Drilled Compression (DCDC). A deviation of the crack in the vicinity of the glass inclusions has been identified in the case where the Poisson’s ratio of the inclusion is lower than the one of the matrix. In the opposite case, less important deviations were noticed. Finally, nanocomposites functionalized with magnetite (Fe3O4) and gold particles were obtained after a SPS treatment. The properties provided by these particles allowed the material to be heated, respectively, by induction and by laser irradiation. In the second case, after a 10 min laser treatment, a partial healing of indentation cracks could be observed
Saidou, Clément. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et fonctionnelles des gommes hydrocolloïdes des écorces de Triumfetta cordifolia et Bridelia thermifolia." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI080/document.
Full textTriumfetta cordifolia and Bridelia thermifolia are two shrubs of tropical Africa whose gums extracted from fresh or dried barks are confined to traditional uses, particularly in the kitchen (thickening and flavoring properties in sauces and improvement of the texture of bakery ptoducts) and in the decantation process of the sorghum based traditionnal beer (bili-bili). In order to identify the nature of the gums responsible for these properties and assess their potentials for valorization, the chemical composition (proteins, polysaccharides, minerals and fiber) of barks was determined. The gums were extracted, and characterized for their chemical (monosaccharide composition and minerals) and physical (rheological behavior of extracts, molecular weight, intrinsic viscosity and radius of gyration) properties. Then, the combined effects of environmental factors (temperature, pH and salt concentration [NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2]) influencing the viscosity was analyzed using a central composite design. Finally application test of these gums in preparing doughnuts from maize and sorghum flour was carried out. The results of chemical analyzes showed that polysaccharides dominated in the barks (52 and 55% respectively for B.thermifolia and T. cordifolia) and in extracts (76 and 80% respectively for B.thermifolia and T. cordifolia), with levels 5-8 times higher than those of proteins. This allowed to hypothesize that these polysaccharides are responsible for the thickening properties demonstrated by the extracts. These properties are not be affected by the drying of the bark. The polysaccharides of the extracts are mainly composed of rhamnose (24.51%), galactose (15.23%), glucuronic acid (25.51%) and galacturonic acid (20.23%). The significant presence of uronic acids justifies the persistence of minerals in the purified extracts. The molecular weights of polysaccharides are 6.14 x106 and 3.58x106 Da, respectively for T. cordifolia and B. thermifolia. On the physical level, their intrinsic viscosities and their gyration radius are relatively high (18.33 dl/g and 269.6 nm for T. cordifolia; 17.98 dl/g and 217.8 nm for B. thermifolia). The drying kinetics for barks of T. cordifolia and B. thermifolia presents two falling rate periods represented by two kinetic constants k1 and k2, which increase with increasing drying temperature. Viscosity of extracts decreases when barks are dried beyond 70°C. This may be probably the consequence of a conformational change of polysaccharides than the result of their degradation. The study of the rheological behavior of these polysaccharides indicates a shear thinning, viscoelastic and weak thixotropic behavior, with flowing pressures yield point between 0.2 and 5Pa and between 0.5 and 1Pa, respectively for T. cordifolia and B. thermifolia, at concentrations between 0.52 and 0.82 g/l. Temperature and monovalent cations (K+ and Na+) have a depressant effect on viscosity of gums, while weakly acidic and alkaline pH and divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) increase it. The combined effect of these factors on the viscosity of gums is satisfactorily described by a second degree model. Analysis of interactions between factors of variation shows, for each factor, a range of values for which it contributes to the achievement of a zone of optimal viscosity. This zone offers a practical range for the choice of variable levels, depending on the desired viscosity. The incorporation of extracts of T. cordifolia (3.5 g/l) and B. thermifolia (11 g/l) in the maize or sorghum flour, improves significantly the swelling of the dough. The doughnuts obtained after baking are, from organoleptic point of view, comparable to wheat doughnuts
Solier, Corinne. "Isoformes membranaires et solubles de HLA-G : caractérisation et propriétés fonctionnelles au cours de la gestation." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30019.
Full textBrau, Guillaume. "Intégration de l'analyse de propriétés non-fonctionnelles dans l'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles pour les systèmes embarqués." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0004/document.
Full textThe engineering of embedded systems relies on two complementary activities: modeling on the one hand enables torepresent the system, analysis on the other hand makes it possible to evaluate the various non-functional properties (forexample, temporal properties with the real-time scheduling analysis). This thesis deals with the integration between thesemodels and analyses: how to apply an analysis on a model? How to manage the analysis process? The first part of this thesis presents a comprehensive approach to answer these questions. This approach is based on four application layers: (1) models to represent the system, (2) accessors to extract data from a model, (3) analyses to computeoutput data and/or properties from input data (4) contracts to represent the analysis interfaces and orchestrate the analysisprocess. The second part of this thesis deals with the experimentation of this approach with concrete systems coming fromthe aerospace: a drone, an exploratory robot and a flight management system. We demonstrate that the accessors enable toapply various real-time scheduling analyses on heterogeneous architectural models, for example written with the industrystandard AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language) or the new time-triggered language CPAL (Cyber-PhysicalAction Language). In addition, contracts make it possible to automate complex analysis procedures: which analysis can beapplied on a given model? Which are the analyses that meet a given goal? Are there analyses to be combined? Are thereinterferences between analyses? Etc
Lakrib, Mustapha. "Stroboscopie et moyennisation dans les équations différentielles fonctionnelles à retard." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444149.
Full textRaynal-Ioualalen, Rosanne. "Procédé de fractionnement des sons de blé. Extraction et étude des propriétés fonctionnelles des arabinoxylanes." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT045G.
Full textChemin, Jean. "Propriétés fonctionnelles des sous-unités α1G, α1H et α1I des canaux calciques de type T." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20048.
Full textHobeika, Maria. "Propriétés stucturales et fonctionnelles du domaine UBA de Mex67 : le récepteur d'export nucléaire des ARNm." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077225.
Full textConcomitantly to their transcription, newly synthesised mRNAs undergo several processing steps leading to export competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNP). Fully mature mRNPs are recognised by the essential mRNA export receptor Mex67 in yeast, TAP in metazoans, which promotes their translocation through the nuclear pore complex. Recent studies have shown that the ubiquitin pathway is involved in the regulation of mRNA nuclear export. Interestingly, the essential mRNA export receptor Mex67/TAP harbours in its C-terminus a UBA (Ubiquitin associated) domain so far described to interact with nucleoporins. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the structural and functional properties of the UBA domain of Mex67 in order to better understand the role of ubiquitylation in mRNA export. Our studies first showed that the UBA of Mex67 is able to bind ubiquitin and led to the identification of distinct and ubiquitinylated spécifie UBA-Mex67 interacting proteins implicated in different steps of transcription, including Hpr1, a transcription elongation factor and Swd2 which participates in histone H3 methylation and 3' end processing of mRNAs. The determination by NMR of the structure of the UBA domain of Mex67 has revealed a classical UBA-fold consisting of three alpha helices. However, it differs from other studied UBA domains by the presence of an additional C-terminal helix (helix H4). We found that helix H4 interferes with the ability of the UBA domain to interact with ubiquitin. However, H4 is also essential for the interaction with specific substrates like Hpr1 and once engaged in such interaction, a conformational change occurs that unmasks the ubiquitin binding site and restores the ability of UBA-Mex67 to interact ubiquitin. Altogether, these results led us to propose that the additional fourth helix of the UBA domain of Mex67 acts as a molecular switch that restricts UBA-Mex67/ubiquitin interaction to specific targets. In vivo, we reported that the UBA domain of Mex67 is not only required for proper nuclear export but also contributes to early co-transcriptional recruitment of the receptor. We showed that the interaction between UBA of Mex67 and Hpr1 facilitates the recruitment of the receptor coupling by this way nuclear export to transcription elongation. More generally, we proposed a working hypothesis in which Mex67 could participate in the coordination of biogenesis and export machineries due to the dynamic interaction of its UBA domain with specific partners implicated in different steps of mRNAs biogenesis