Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés mécaniques à rupture'
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Caumes, Philippe. "Rupture d'un matériau anisotrope en conditions polymodales (le bois)." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10559.
Full textGuyon, Gilles. "Prévisions de la rupture différée du Pin maritime." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10556.
Full textBen, Ayad Mohamed. "Étude expérimentale des propriétés mécaniques (rupture) et électrique de systèmes de percolation." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4226.
Full textBouhrara, Driss. "Comportement mécanique en rigidité et à rupture d'un matériau composite fibres-ciment." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10261.
Full textFeuerstein, Matthieu. "Influence de la microstructure sur les propriétés mécaniques de tôles d'aluminium AA5182." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0023.
Full textIn this PhD, two grades of AA5182 aluminium rolled sheets were analyzed: the REF or reference grade and the SHF or super high formability. Due to its least Fe- and Mn-content, SHF grade has a slighter particles fraction than REF grade. Interdistances between particles are smaller along TD than along RD. REF grade is less ductile than SHF grade, and sheets are more ductile along TD than along RD. The first step of the damage model was dedicated to the loading analysis corresponding to the necked area of a tensile sample. The second step of the damage model consisted in a cellular model whose geometry represents a periodic array of particles. The boundary conditions applied to the unit cell correspond to the loading determined in the first step. The predicted values of local ductility confirmed the experimental results
Bigaud, David. "Description géométrique pour la caractérisation mécanique multi-échelles de matériaux composites à renforts textiles 2D et 3D." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10223.
Full textJEUNEHOMME, Sylvie. "Relations propriétés mécaniques - microstructure des aciers de structure perlitique." Paris, ENMP, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ENMP0320.
Full textHaied, Abdelhamid. "Étude expérimentale de la rupture en mode localisé dans un gré." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10178.
Full textOsmani, Hocine. "Rupture des composites céramique-céramique à fibres." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0059.
Full textVillechaise, Bernard. "Mécanique des contacts : élasticité et rupture : document de synthèse." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19043.
Full textYaacoub, Agha Hassan. "Tolérance aux défauts initiaux : application à une fonte G.S. en fatigue." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066828.
Full textRobert-Arnouil, Jean-Paul. "Etude du comportement thermomécanique à la rupture d'une céramique technique sous sollicitations rapides." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10652.
Full textMartinez, Lilian. "Etude des précurseurs du comportement catastrophique des céramiques : applications au claquage diélectrique et à la rupture mécanique des alumines de tubes RF de puissance." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10045.
Full textChambolle, Damien. "Étude sur la rupture de composites à matrice métallique et à renforts discontinus : aluminium, carbure de silicium." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0133.
Full textChafra, Moez. "Comportement mécanique des matériaux composites fibres et tisses (modélisation tridimensionnelle, endommagement et rupture)." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0192.
Full textFrançois-Brazier, Joël. "Caractérisation de la tolérance à l'endommagement et de la durabilité des composites ciment-verre par des essais de flexion avec des cycles de chargement-déchargement." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10093.
Full textR'Mili, Mohamed. "Application de la mécanique de la rupture au composite carbone-carbone bidirectionnel." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISALA028.
Full textDaouadji, Ali. "Modélisation de l'influence de la rupture des grains sur le comportement des matériaux granulaires." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0630.
Full textGuinot, Dominique. "Recherche des paramètres physico-chimiques qui déterminent les propriétés mécaniques des céramiques de ferrite doux." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS023.
Full textTemimi-Maaref, Nadia. "Comportement thermo-mécanique et rupture de polypropylènes. Etude expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00188389.
Full textKapinga, Kalala Iris, and Kalala Iris Kapinga. "Caractérisations structurale et mécanique du massif rocheux de la fosse Tiriganiaq du projet Meliadine à l'aide de la modélisation synthétique du massif rocheux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24903.
Full textCe mémoire porte sur l’application de la modélisation du massif rocheux synthétique (SRM) à la caractérisation du massif rocheux fracturé de la fosse Tiriganiaq du projet minier Meliadine. Les conditions structurales in-situ ont été représentées à l’aide de la modélisation des systèmes de fractures (FSM). Les résultats ont permis de définir un volume élémentaire représentatif (REV) du massif rocheux égal à 7,5 m x 15 m x 7,5 m. L’approche a également permis de quantifier l’impact de la variation des propriétés géométriques du FSM sur le comportement mécanique du massif. Les analyses paramétriques des propriétés géométriques du SRM font ressortir que le comportement du massif rocheux est particulièrement sensible à une variation de l’intensité des fractures (P32), de l’aire des fractures et du pendage de la foliation. De plus, la résistance en compression uniaxiale est fortement anisotrope.
Volozinskis, Xavier. "Étude de la résistance à la fissuration d'un matériau hétérogène anisotrope appliquée à l'optimisation du processus de fabrication du papier." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10618.
Full textCherait, Yacine. "Contribution à l'étude et l'optimisation des bétons renforcés de fibres de fonte amorphe." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10045.
Full textCordonnier, Tiphaine. "Tenue mécanique d'interfaces modèles dans les alliages Fe-40%at. Al (ordonnés B2)." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0010.
Full textUse of FeAl alloys is still severely limited by their room temperature intergranular brittleness, assumed to be due to a low intrinsic cohesion of the interfaces. Until now, doping with boron was the only way to reinforce these weak boundaries. The fracture behaviour of some special boundaries, with <100> symmetric tilt boundary, pure or doped with boron, was characterized. Results indicate that boron would suppress intergranular fracture by improving slip transfert across the grain boundaries. Then, and on the contrary to the common knowledge, boundaries of B-free bicrystals exhibit a cohesion high enough to avoid intergranular fracture. <100> tilt boundaries are thus special boundaries regarding fissuration resistance, with grain boundary plane playing a major role. The existence of such highly cohesive interfaces opens a new way to efficiently modify macroscopic behaviour of B-free FeAl through a "grain boundary engineering" approach
Duprey, Ambroise. "Biomécanique des anévrysmes de l'aorte thoracique ascendante : vers une prédiction personnalisée du risque de rupture." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES021/document.
Full textAneurysms of the ascending aorta are a life-threatening desease by the risk of rupture or dissection. Currently, the only criterion for deciding an intervention is the maximum diameter of the aneurysm mesured from CT-scan. Biomechanical research aims to characterize the elastic properties of the aorta and to provide a patient-specific approach too assessing the risk of complications. The aim of this thesiswas twofold. In the first part, it was tocharacterize the rupture properties of freshly excised acsending aortic tissue from an inflation bench-test developed in our laboratory. The results were derived to determine a rupture risk index based on the extensibility of the aorta. In the second part, we identified the mechanical properties of aortic aneurysms using preoperative dynamic CT-scan. This identification was based on the simultaneous minimization of two cost functions, which defined the difference between the predictionsof a numerical model and the volumes of the aneurysms measured from the CT-scan in the middle of the cardiac cycle and the sytole. The results were correlated with those of the inflation tests, showing promising application of the dynamic scan for the patient-specific identification of the mechanical properties of the aorta. This work opens a little more the way for the patient-specific assessment of the risk of complications of an aneurysm of the ascending aorta and for a more refined selection of patients for surgery
Hamdani, Djelloul. "Comportement mécanique d'assemblages de tôles d'acier galvanisé sollicités en mode d'ouverture à différentes vitesses : influence des traitements de surface et des épaisseurs de joint de colle." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD143.
Full textIn this study we have been tenting to bind a surface property (roughness and surface energy) of galvanised steel which it prepared of four different treatments (cleaning attack acid and basic, parcodine) with a mechanical behaviour of adhesively bonded assemblies. The bind show which conjugate roughness and superficial energy action of substrate can be optimised the propagation energy. The effect of solicitation rate (0. 5, 5, 50 and 500 mm/mn) and adhesive bond thickness (720, 360, 180 et 120 um) have been observed. For propagation energy term, the solicitation rate and adhesive bond thickness seems to that have a same effect on adhesively bonded structure toughness. For the characterization of the beginning of the microscopic damage and of the crack propagation, we have, in parallel with the test, recorded the acoustic emission from the specimen
Guigon, Michèle. "Relation entre la microtexture et les propriétés mécaniques et électriques des fibres de carbone ex-polyacrylonitrile." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPE046.
Full textMacke, Thierry. "Développement et validation d'une méthode de caractérisation au choc des matériaux : application à l'étude du comportement à la rupture de matériaux composites à matrice céramique et ou métallique." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10517.
Full textLagache, Manuel. "Etude du rôle de l'interphase sur le comportement mécanique des composites unidirectionnels." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10094.
Full textWrotecki, Christian. "Relations entre la morphologie de la phase dispersée et les propriétés mécaniques dans les polystyrènes chocs." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD065.
Full textWahyudi, Herman. "Étude des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux argileux en relation avec leur organisation à différentes échelles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECAP0205.
Full textCousin, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude de la déchirure de films polymères à partir du travail essentiel de rupture et de l'intégrale J." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-170.pdf.
Full textAtig, Dyhia. "Propriétés physiques et mécaniques de l’hydrate de méthane à l’échelle du pore." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3021.
Full textGas hydrates are ice-like crystals stable at high pressure and low temperature. They are ubiquitous on earth, notably at the edges of continental shelves, where they contribute to the mechanical stability of marine sediments, by hydrate cohesion and hydrate adhesion to mineral particles. However, the mechanical behavior of gas hydrates at pore scale has been hardly or not at all studied. The purpose of this thesis is to study the stability conditions and the tensile mechanical properties of methane hydrate at pore scale in a representative pore habit of gas hydrate in a sedimentary medium.Here, using optical microscopy, first the formation, growth and dissociation conditions of methane hydrate are investigated across a water/CH4 interface in glass micro-capillaries used both as a pore model and as an optical cell resisting high pressure and low temperature. Then by developing a contactless and an in situ method, "thermally induced depressing", tensile mechanical properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate shell are determined. At low enough temperature, the hydrate nucleates as a polycrystalline "crust" over the water/CH4 interface. From this crust, the hydrate continues growing on both sides of the interface: in the water as "needle like crystals", in the gas as "hair like crystals", and finally between the gas and the substrate as a polycrystalline film, the "halo". The halo advances slowly on the substrate, riding over a water film, and comes to rest and adheres to the substrate. From then on, the "shell" (crust and halo) isolates the water from the gas. Tensile tests are carried out by generating a depression in the water compartment by increasing temperature at constant methane pressure.Tensile elastic properties of the shell (elastic modulus and the tensile strength) are determined as a function of the grain size, controlled here by two parameters, supercooling compared to the equilibrium temperature and the annealing time. We find elastoplastic behavior, with mixed ductile and brittle characteristics. Our data on tensile strength contribute to fit the gap of five orders of magnitude of grain size, and three orders of magnitude of tensile strength (between molecular simulations at nanometre scale and current experiment at millimetre to centimetre scale). The effect of grain size on the tensile strength of methane hydrate could be a factor contributing to the destabilization of continental slopes
Mouhmid, Bouchaïb. "Étude de l'endommagement et de la rupture d'un polyamide 66 chargé en fibres de verre courtes." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-253.pdf.
Full textGauchet, Séverine. "Etude de l'influence du type de noir de carbone sur la tenue en fatigue de caoutchouc HNBR." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4049.
Full textThe fatigue resistance optimization of the alternator pulley needs to understand damage mechanisms influence on the rubber fatigue behaviour used in mecanical power transmission. Although the toughness of rubber was log time studed, the fatigue of HNBR filled with carbon black is not described in literature. The aim of this work is to understand the influence of filler on theses complex mechanisms through the modifications induiced by filler on the microstructure and dynamical properties. Two damage mechanisms at starting initiate several microcracks which are propagated in rosette forme. Size and number of petals depend on the type of carbon black. This characteristics represent the cracking speed and they describe a mechanisme of crack rotation. The influence of filler on the damage is highlighted by solid NMR H. This original technique proves to be a power technique for studying degradation of rubber having a complex formulation. These results open new propects in order to understand damage mechanisms
Turatsinze, Anaclet. "Caractérisation microstructurale de la fissuration des bétons et mortiers en mode I de propagation." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30185.
Full textVoicu, Raluca. "Évolution microstructurale à haute température et propriétés mécaniques d'aciers austénitiques Fe-Cr-Ni." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT132G.
Full textThe HP40-Nb modified austenitic stainless-steels are used for reformer tubes fabrication in the refining, petrochemical and fertilizer industries, and especially by Air Liquide for cracking reaction of hydrogen. These tubes are the main components of hydrogen production plants. The tubes are designed for exploitation duration of around 11 years. Nevertheless, the operation of the facilities under more severe conditions leads to a greatly decreases the lifetime of these components. These tubes are prone to various degradation mechanisms. The combination of factors such as local overheating, a complex stress field (induced by the heat, the internal gas pressure and weight of the tubes), a corrosive environment inside and an oxidant atmosphere outside of the tubes can lead to premature rupture, braking of these parts. The objective of this study is to understand the coupling between the microstructural aging and mechanical behaviour in creep regime in order to establish a new criterion for end of life of reformer tubes. Microstructural examinations of aged structures have allowed to highlight the effect of several important factors, like the chemical composition and the environment, and to establish a TTT diagram for these steel grades. The systematic study of the creep mechanical behaviour has enabled to identify several factors that influence the lifetime of these alloys, like aging and a change of creep mechanism when passaging from high to low stress levels. Metallographic observations and quantification of the damage confirmed the creep tests results. A criterion for the end of life has been established by integrating these data. Finally, we proposed two thermal loading protocols to optimize the time to rupture of these tubes
Lespine, Ismael. "Influence de la géométrie des structures sur les propriétés de rupture dans les matériaux quasi-fragiles." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13533.
Full textNazarenko, Emmanuel. "Comportement à rupture d'un composite à fibres céramiques et matrice vitrocéramique sous sollicitations statiques et dynamiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0269.
Full textZizi, Zahir. "Le système bitume-eau-solides minéraux : comportement physique et chimique, conséquences sur les propriétés mécaniques des enrobés." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20084.
Full textDang-Hoang, Thong. "Rupture et endommagement d’un assemblage boulonné : approche expérimentale et simulation numérique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10066/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the study of fracture and damage of a bolted assembly made up of thin sheets of aluminum alloy 6082 T6, thickness e= 2 millimeters, in single recovery. Several configurations of assemblies (number and arrangement of fasteners) are studied in monotonous solicitations, analyzing the effects of board. The influence of torque and clearance will be considered for the study of the behavior of the link. An experimental approach was implemented to analyze the sequence of damage mechanisms simultaneously using the technique of acoustic emission (AE) and measurement of fields by digital image correlation (DIC). EA Technology has tracked the evolution of acoustic activities by planar localization to better identify the initiation and propagation of cracks. The DIC technique confirms the damage scenarios evaluating, the deformation field at any point near the fastener. The finite element technique was used to predict the overall behavior of these assemblies. The calculations are performed in a 3D computer code using solid elements, shell elements and and are undertaken both in élastoplasticité without and with damage. The prediction of damage has been done using two models : modeling decoupled depending on the model of Latham and Cockroft and coupled modeling based on the model of Gurson modified
Toulemonde, Paul-Aymé. "Etude de la relation microstructure/propriétés mécaniques jusqu’à rupture des propergols composites : Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique par éléments finis." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0038/document.
Full textThis work aims at understanding the relationship between solid propellants particles volume fraction, particles size distribution, binder mechanical properties and binder/particles bonding with the mechanical behavior up to failure of these materials. Finite elements analyses on 2D microstructures are performed in order to qualitatively characterize the microstructure evolution throughout uniaxial tensile loading at small strain rate. These simulations account for the binder/particles debonding with a cohesive zone model and implement an original failure criterion. Simulation and experimental results are consistent. Besides, a quantitative comparison between simulations on 3D microstructures and experimental data is drawn in order to validate the above qualitative results. It is performed on a model composite and compares both the mechanical behavior and the volume variations. At last, the propellant failure during a peeling test of the liner/propellant structure is studied experimentally
Varenne, Chloé. "Etude d'un alliage de titane β "transformable par déformation" : lien entre propriétés mécaniques, microstructures de déformation et mécanismes de rupture." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM030.
Full textIn order to tackle the lack of ductility and work-hardening of titanium alloys, a new family is being developed, namely, strain-transformable β titanium alloys. The deformation mechanisms involve transformation induced plasticity (TRIP effect) and twinning induced plasticity (TWIP effect). They have been widely studied over the last ten years. On the otherhand, the understanding of fracture mechanisms of TRIP/TWIP titanium alloys still remains poorly documented although this is a key to improve the development of these alloys. Therefore, this project is an in-depth study of the mechanical behavior of a Ti-8.5Cr-1.5Sn β TWIP alloy, under various loading conditions. The coarse microstructure of the alloy was used to investigate deformation and fracture on a grain-by-grain basis. First, a methodology for the systematic study of this family of alloys has been developed. We selected the most relevant tests for a complete study of the mechanical behavior of a TRIP/TWIP alloy by investigating heat treatment conditions (quenching thickness) and mechanical testing conditions (specimen geometry, loading mode). Then,this methodology was validated on the Ti-8.5Cr-1.5Sn alloy first at room temperature, then at subzero temperatures, in order to get closer to the Ms point. The mechanical behavior was evaluated under a wide range of conditions giving access to tensile strength, impact toughness, and fracture toughness. The respective contributions of crack initiation and crack propagation were determined. A multi-scale correlation (optical, SEM, TEM) highlighted fracture by localized plastic flow, without damage development, strongly correlated with the plastic deformation mechanisms and independent of variations in strain rate and stress triaxiality. At subzero temperatures, the absence of ductile-to-brittle transition was demonstrated on the failure mechanisms, as was thepreservation of the phenomenology observed at room temperature (no triggered TRIP effect). Low energy fracture encountered at lower temperatures still involved a ductile dimple mechanism. It remained governed by localized plastic flow, which is triggered all the earlier the lower the test temperature. This new and comprehensive study has improved the understanding of fracture mechanisms of a TRIP/TWIP alloy and provides a solid database for further studies of this family of alloys
Xie, Jilong. "Etude de la fatigue et de la rupture des assemblages collés composite-élastomère." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0390.
Full textComby, Peyrot Isabelle. "Development and validation of a 3D computional tool to describe damage and fracture due to Alcali-Silica Reaction in concrete structures." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://pastel.paristech.org/2096/01/these-comby.pdf.
Full textThe Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) induces aggregates swelling leading to irreversible degradation of concrete structures. Modelling damage and cracks in a 3D concrete structure submitted to ASR is hence of prime importance in civil engineering. FEMCAM (Finite Element Model for Concrete Analysis Method) software has been developed within this framework to model 3D numerical concrete. In this thesis, we have developed a mesoscale approach where concrete is considered as a heterogeneous material with two main phases: the mortar paste and aggregates. An elastic damage law has been successfully implemented to take into account the mortar paste behavior. The non local Mazars model with an implicit formulation is hence used to deal with damage. This model requires determining elastic and damage parameters. In this way, an experimental campaign has been carried out at the Civil Engineering Department of the Ecole des Mines de Douai to identify concrete material parameters. These experimental results have been compared with numerical ones through the inverse analysis modulus RheOConcrete. Applications on concrete (compression tests, three point bending tests and “Brazilian” splitting tests) have been also performed. The influence of the distribution, diameters and volume of aggregates on concrete behavior has been studied. The comparison between the numerical global responses of a concrete sample submitted to ASR and experimental ones are available. These comparisons are based on previous experimental works carried out at the Ecole des Mines de Douai. It leads to compare numerical and experimental approaches and to better understand the mechanism of ASR under the control of some parameters. Finally, we have underlined the importance of describing macrocracks in concrete sample with a great accuracy to improve the model. The last part of this project concerns the implementation and the validation of a 3D Discrete Crack Propagation technique to model explicitly 3D crack propagation
Busignies, Virginie. "Recherche de lois de mélange sur des propriétés mécaniques de systèmes granulaires compactés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012167.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail de recherche est d'évaluer les propriétés de mélanges granulaires compactés. Etant donnée la complexité du problème et la difficulté d'interprétation lorsque l'on s'intéresse à des mélanges d'excipients, les études doivent être réalisées sur des systèmes simples (mélanges binaires faisant intervenir des systèmes monodisperses). Il a donc été nécessaire d'étudier de la façon la plus complète possible les systèmes simples choisis avant de pouvoir passer à l'étude de leurs mélanges binaires.
Les excipients étudiés (A TAB®, Fast Flo®, Vivapur 12®) sont représentatifs des excipients utilisés dans le domaine pharmaceutique. Les données de la littérature ont également mis en évidence des comportements en compression très différenciés.
Le premier objectif de ce travail a donc été de caractériser de la manière la plus exhaustive possible le comportement sous pression des trois excipients ainsi que les propriétés mécaniques de ces systèmes compactés.
Les résultats obtenus sur la compressibilité des trois excipients (énergies mises en jeu au cours de la compression, consommation de la porosité, modélisation de Heckel et seuil moyen d'écoulement plastique) ont confirmé des aptitudes à la compression très différentes.
En complément, la technique de microtomographie X a été utilisée pour caractériser la fraction solide des comprimés de Vivapur 12®. Cette technique est une technique émergente dans l'étude des comprimés pharmaceutiques. Il a donc été nécessaire au préalable de la valider dans le domaine d'application dans lequel nous voulions la mettre en oeuvre (vérification de la loi de Beer-Lambert). Après une étape de calibration, une hétérogénéité au niveau de la répartition de la masse volumique a été mise en évidence au sein des comprimés, avec une différence importante entre la surface (surdensifiée) et le centre du comprimé. A la vue de ces observations, il apparaît donc que la différence entre les propriétés du volume (résistance à la rupture, module de Young, ...) et les propriétés de surface (dureté en indentation, ...) doit être faite.
Concernant les propriétés mécaniques des systèmes simples compactés (résistance à la rupture, module de Young, ténacité, dureté Brinell), des différences ont été observées entre les trois excipients pour une même propriété. De plus, pour un même excipient, des variations marquées entre les propriétés mécaniques caractéristiques du volume du compact et les propriétés mécaniques caractéristiques de la surface ont été mises en évidence.
Le modèle de la percolation qui est de plus en plus rencontré dans le domaine de la compression de composés pharmaceutiques a été appliqué aux trois systèmes étudiés. Les résultats de nos essais de modélisation semble montrer que ce modèle présente des limites. L'exposant critique ne semble pas universel pour une propriété donnée et les seuils de densité critique obtenus restent difficile à interpréter.
La deuxième partie de ce travail est consacrée à l'étude des mélanges binaires formés à partir des trois excipients étudiés dans la première partie.
Le suivi de l'évolution de la porosité des mélanges (à une contrainte de compression donnée) en fonction de la composition massique du mélange a permis de mettre en évidence une relation linéaire Porosité/Composition. Cette relation permet de déterminer la porosité d'un mélange compacté sous une pression donnée à partir des données recueillies au cours de l'étude des systèmes simples. Par contre, le seuil moyen d'écoulement plastique des mélanges n'évolue pas linéairement avec la composition massique du mélange. Mais en raison de la relation précédemment obtenue, une méthode de calcul indirect du seuil moyen d'écoulement plastique est possible. Cette méthode prédictive permet une bonne approximation des propriétés de densification et de déformation d'un mélange binaire quelle que soit sa composition.
Pour toutes les propriétés mécaniques étudiées, les lois de proportionnalités simples classiquement utilisées en mécanique ne sont pas applicables. Dans la majorité des cas, une déviation négative est même observée par rapport à ces lois simples.
Dans le cas particulier des propriétés mécaniques qui caractérisent la surface des compacts, il est apparu qu'elles étaient régies par le composé le plus plastique du mélange dès que sa proportion massique est égale à environ 30 à 20 %.
Pour s'inscrire dans une optique d'aide à la formulation, un modèle a été proposé pour décrire l'évolution du module de Young et de la résistance à la rupture en fonction de la composition du mélange. Après ajustement, une approche basée sur des interactions triangulaires et sur la probabilité de présence de ces interactions semble la plus adaptée.
Pour compléter l'étude des systèmes binaires, des essais de microtomographie X ont également été menés sur des mélanges Vivapur 12®/A TAB® compactés. Les représentations obtenues ont permis de mettre en évidence le Vivapur 12® au niveau des surfaces des compacts qui ont été en contact avec les pièces mécaniques. Ces observations confirment les résultats obtenus en microindentation sur ce mélange. Les seuils de percolation des deux excipients ont également été mis en évidence.
Mahaud, Morgane. "Étude par dynamique moléculaire du comportement mécanique et de la rupture d'élastomères irradiés." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI048/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the links between microstructure and mechanical properties of irradiated degradated elastomeric networks using molecular coarse-grained dynamics. The polymer chains are created by a pseudo-radical polymerization algorithm and then crosslinked by an algorithm which generate a controlled spatial distribution, random or not, of the crosslinking nodes. The process can include the simulation of bond breaks. The equilibration of the networks thus created is then carried out with intergroup forces whose parameters are derived from the work of Kremer and Grest. In the case of random networks, the link between the density of active chains, of pendant chains and the length of the chains portions with the number of crosslinking nodes and the soluble fraction is well described by the appropriate statistical models. Simulated tests of isochronous mechanical spectrometry at different temperatures make it possible to find (i) when the chains are not crosslinked, the influence of the length of the chains on the length of the rubber plateau and on Tα, and (ii) when they are crosslinked , The influence of the crosslinking density on the height of this plateau. The simulated uniaxial tensile tests confirm the relationship between the mechanical modulus and the density of chemical nodes and trapped entanglement nodes. Different processes intervene before failure: in the case of random networks, the break of covalent bonds occurs in a homogeneous manner, then cavitation, striction and finally the failure of bonds in the filaments of the zone of constriction; the elongation at final failure is always close to twice that at the first failure of the bond (itself connected to the modulus of the material). At the same crosslinking density, the behavior at small deformations and hardening is little influenced by a heterogeneous crosslinking by zones. At the same density of chemical nodes, a slight decrease in the Young's modulus is observed for interpenetrating double networks, which can be explained by entanglements; Moreover, they break homogeneously in the most reticulated sub-network. The heterogeneous networks containing more cross-linked spherical zones have ruptures at the interface with the less cross-linked zones which lead to a reduction in the maximum stress reached before total rupture; this is explained by the decrease in the number of percolating paths which can withstand mechanical stress when passing the rigid-> soft interface. In the end, homogeneous systems based on long chains generally show better failure behavior (ultimate elongation and maximum stress) than heterogeneous systems, including dual networks. Moreover, among all the simulated networks, those which are by far the least efficient are the homogeneous networks cut
Duveau, Gilles. "Contribution à la modélisation d'une roche anisotrope fragile : le schiste d'Angers." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10205.
Full textBertrand-Lambotte, Patricia. "Sur les mécanismes de rayures des vernis de finition automobile." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2001. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1886_pbertrandlambotte.pdf.
Full textAutomotive clearcoats compose the most external layer of automotive coatings and consist of thermoset resins. Their thickness ranges from 40 to 50 µm. They made automobiles glossy and protect them from environmental damage. Car wash brushes bring about microscratches at the surface of automotive clearcoats. There are both ductile and brittle scratches. Ductile scratches present no tearing and heating can make them disappear. On the contrary, brittle scratches show irreversible rips. The goal of this study is to relate scratches mechanisms to physical and mechanical properties of clearcoats. As the ratio scratch depth over clearcoat thickness is smaller than 1/10, the clearcoat is considered as a semi-infinite bulk material. On the one hand, nano-indentation and nano-scratch tests added to AFM experiments show that the formation of ductile scratches involve local motions of polymer chains (B relaxation energies) whereas their healing involves large motion of polymer chains (a relaxation energies). On the other hand, an analytical study of the contact between the indenter and the clearcoat show that the ductile/brittle transition is ruled by a fracture energy criterion and by a size criterion. Both are related to the viscoelastoplastic properties of the clearcoats, the indenter geometry and the environment. The study has allowed to identify the physical and mechanical properties of clearcoats which are to be optimised in order to improve their scratch resistance. It goes further than the idea of critical load commonly used in literature but related to none intrinsic properties of the material
El, Bounia Nour-Eddine. "Etude de la rupture et de la fragmentation en torsion d'un alumine technique sous chargement rapide et à haute température." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10871.
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