Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Propriétés structurales des polymères'
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Chen, Xiao Yuan. "Mousses structurales asymétriques de polymères." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25085/25085.pdf.
Full textBouchaud, Elisabeth. "Étude des propriétés thermodynamiques et structurales des polymères aux interfaces." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112013.
Full textHourquebie, Patrick. "Influence des caractéristiques structurales des polymères conducteurs sur leurs propriétés de conduction électronique : application aux hyperfréquences." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10540.
Full textAyche, Kenza. "Propriétés mécaniques et structurales d'encapsulants polymères utilisés en microélectronique : effet de la température et de l'humidité." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1005/document.
Full textThe increasing number of mobile devices and the race to energy sobriety make the decrease of the size of microelectronic systems (MEMS) a major challenge. Today, Lithium micro batteries are currently the best solution for high-power-and-energy applications. Incorporate them into credit cards containing a screen or associate them to electronic sensors for the supervision is the challenge which raises international companies such as ST Microelectronics. However, these micro batteries contain some lithium metal which can be dangerous if the metallic lithium is in contact with water or humid air. In addition, the substance can spontaneously ignite in the contact of the humidity. So, in order to avoid the problems of safety, we absolutely have to protect the lithium contained in our micro batteries using an encapsulation layer. Polymeric encapsulation has the advantage, compared with other materials (ceramic, metal), to present a moderate cost of shaping and a low weight. However, such systems of encapsulation are today insufficient to guarantee a satisfactory life cycle of components. Indeed, in the presence of humidity or of a too important temperature variation, the mechanical assemblies can be weakened and engender an irreparable break. The objective of the thesis is therefore to realize and study the mechanical and structural behavior of assembly of thin layers of polymers and metals in temperature and humidity.Two types of polymers were selected for this project:1. Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), a commercial polymer widely used for its good barrier properties to water.2. A thermally and UV-crosslinkable acrylate oligomer synthesized in the IMMM
Buvat, Pierrick. "Synthèses et caractérisations de polymères conjugués dérivés du polythiophene : application à l'étude de l'effet des caractéristiques structurales sur les propriétés de reflectance dans l'infrarouge." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA132039.
Full textLecommandoux, Sébastien. "Polymères cristaux liquides en haltère : de la modification chimique à l'évolution des propriétés thermodynamiques, structurales et conformationnelles." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10650.
Full textCabot, Christophe. "Etude des relaxations structurales de polymères vitreux par analyse thermique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES046.
Full textGhanbaja, Jaâfar. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés structurales, électroniques et magnétiques du polyacétylène dopé par les métaux alcalins : (Na, K, Rb et Cs) en phase vapeur." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10493.
Full textMasurel, Véronique. "Modulation structurale des chaînes polyuréthannes pour des besoins spécifiques." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-470.pdf.
Full textAssadi, Roxana. "Modifications structurales non réversibles lors du recyclage du poly (téréphtalate d'éthylène)." Paris, ENSAM, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENAM0022.
Full textSpecklin, David. "Propriétés magnétiques et structurales de complexes moléculaires supportés par des ligands de type acyle-hydrazone." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF060/document.
Full textThis work consists in the study of the coordination chemistry of acyl-hydrazone ligands, following the discovery of a manganese (III) dinuclear complex showing a strong ferromagnetic coupling. The development of the acyl-hydrazone coordination to first-row transitional metals resulted in several dinuclear complexes allowing the study of the relationship between their structural and magnetic properties. In a second part the study of several coordination polymers of alkali and alkali-earth metals bearing acyl-hydrazone ligands functionalized with a sulfonate group is presented. Finally the synthesis of two anthracene-based ligands is presented along a study of their coordination properties
Martinez, Lorente Maria Angeles. "Synthèse et propriétés magnétiques et structurales de complexes du fer(II) avec des ligands renfermant des noyaux imidazole : Modélisation du site ferreux non-heme des systèmes photosynthétiques. Etude de polymères du fer(II) à propriétés magnétiques inusuelles." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30034.
Full textPetit, Mohamed. "Etudes des propriétés électro-optiques, diélectriques et structurales d'un cristal liquide ferroélectrique stabilisé par un réseau polymère." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0186.
Full textWe report in this work the effect of an anisotropic polymer network formed from an achiral photo-reactive monomer in a short pitch chiral SmC* phase, on the coupling of liquid crystal molecules to applied electric field. The formation of the polymer network is based on a photo-induced self-structuring process and alignment of photo-reactive mesogenic monomers, initially dispersed in a SmC* liquid crystal matrix. This allows to a gel composite material. The self-structured network plays in turn a crucial role on the behaviour of the liquid crystal under external electric field. Experimental data, obtained from electro-optic and dielectric measurements, showed that the anisotropic polymer network stabilizes not only the helical structure of the ferroelectric SmC* phase, but also the orthogonal order of the paraelectric SmA phase. We have demonstrated this effect to be related to network morphology. AFM experiments have shown a fibrillar and anisotropic structure of the network. The experimental results were discussed in the framework of a simple phenomenological model, extended from the Landau model, including the bulk free energy arising from the liquid crystal/polymer anisotropic interaction, and the elastic free energy resulting from the anchoring of liquid crystal molecules at the polymer boundaries. The coupling parameter characterizing the liquid crystal/polymer interaction was evaluated as a function of polymer network density. This interaction can be qualified as “strong”, and results on the increase of the effective elasticity of the gels
Baeza, Guilhem P. "Nanocomposites industriels simplifiés : analyse structurale et propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20047/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study nanocomposite materials made of non vulcanized rubber (styrene-butadien copolymer “SBR”) reinforced by highly dispersible silica nanofillers. In order to identify physico-chemical mechanisms responsible for such a reinforcement and being able to optimize it, we must understand existing correlations between the material macroscopic properties and the multi-scale structure of the filler.For this purpose, a wide campaign of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and electronic microscopy experiments have been performed. Coupling this data with Monte-Carlo simulations led to the emergence of a concept describing the silica morphology: A branched tridimensional network built up from aggregates (radius 50 nm) made of nanoparticles (radius 10 nm) spreading accross the whole sample.The analysis of the reinforcement in nanocomposites is based on rheometry and dynamic mechanical analysis. Other techniques like dielectric spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis or infra-red spectrometry contributed as well to fully characterize these materials, particularly to probe the SBR chains dynamic at the interface with the filler.In order to reveal the correlations between structure and properties, we systematically described the impact of key parameters such as filler fraction, polymer grafting or the chain molar mass on the silica morphology (aggregates size, …) as well as on the mechanical behavior (elastic modulous, …) of the composites. This work allowed identifying the polymer grafting density as the parameter defining the filler structure and playing a significant role on the reinforcement.This thesis, firmly focused on fundamental comprehension, contributes to the development of a general law describing the effect of the filler structure on the performance of tires. The latter must provide answers to engineering issues concerning wear resistance, wet grip or rolling resistance.Moreover, in order to obtain additional information regarding the rubber-silica interactions, we developed an experimental process allowing the production of “model” systems reinforced with colloidal silica. The use of such filler, very well defined in terms of size and shape, makes much easier the structural analysis giving the opportunity to investigate deeper the effective potential between the two phases during the composite production
Xing, Sarah. "Étude par ARPES et STS des propriétés électroniques d’un supraconducteur haute Tc à base de fer et de chaînes de polymères élaborées à la surface de métaux nobles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0349/document.
Full textIn this work, we highlight the advantage of coupling techniques such as angle resolved photoemission (ARPES), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) for investigating the electronic and structural properties of nanostructured surfaces/interfaces. In the first part, the electronic structure of the reentrant superconductor Eu(Fe0.86Ir0.14)2As2 (Tc=22K) with coexisting ferromagnetic order (TM=18K) is investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). We study the in-plane and out-of-plane band dispersions and Fermi surface of Eu(Fe0.86Ir0.14)2As2. The near EF Fe 3d-derived band dispersions near the high-symmetry points show changes due to Ir substitution, but the Fermi surface topology is preserved. The superconducting gap measured at the lowest temperature T=5K (equal to 5.5meV) is beyond the weak-coupling BCS estimation for Tc=22 K. The gap gets closed at a temperature T=10K and this is attributed to the resistive phase which sets in at TM=18K due to the Eu2+ derived magnetic order. The modifications of the FS with Ir substitution clearly indicate an effective hole doping with respect to the parent compound. In the second part, we provide insight into the growth and the electronic properties of 1,4-dibromobenzene (dBB) and 1,4-diiodobenzene on Cu(110), Cu(111) and Cu(775) surfaces. The influence of the substrate is reported in this study: using a copper vicinal surface as support for on-surface Ullmann coupling leads to highly ordered, quasi-infinite polymer growth. Such a new growth mechanism, stemming from vicinal surface reconstructions is observed. The structural composition of different phases obtained in the study is discussed as a concomitant effect of the halogen and the surface geometry. Various interactions such as substrate/molecule, substrate/halogen, molecule/halogen as well as molecule/molecule interactions that took place into the polymerization mechanism are considered for analyzing the electronic properties of the different interfaces. We measured an 1.15 eV HOMO-LUMO gap in dBB/Cu(110), whereas the gap is found to be slightly higher than 1.5eV in dBB/Cu(111) and equal to 2.2eV in dBB/Cu(775). Such a metal-semiconductor transition is shown to occur when the halogen is switched (Br vs I) or the surface geometry is changed (Cu(110) vs Cu(775)) in agreement with the concomitant reduction of the polymer/substrate interaction
Grosjean, Arnaud. "Matériaux polymériques 1D à transition de spin : investigations structurales multi-échelles." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14998/document.
Full textThe 1D polymeric materials family of type [Fe(Rtrz)3]Ax exhibit a spin transitionphenomenon, i.e. a reversible modification of the electronic configuration of a metallic iondriven by a stimulus (P, T, hv). For these materials the transition characteristics are close tothe pre-requisite for technological applications. This work, based on X-ray diffractioninvestigations close to the limit of possibilities, presents for the first time a reliabledescription of the structural properties of these polymeric materials with different scales(atomic to microscopic). On one hand the original structural behavior observed is relatedwith the properties of the spin transition and on the other hand new aspects such as fatigue,the influence of pressure or morphologies of domain size are explored. These results provideessential elements for the understanding and the further development of these materials
Varol, Nagihan. "Analyse thermique avancée et propriétés de transport de matériaux polylactide stéréocomplexe." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR019/document.
Full textThe originality of this work is based on analysis of physical and physicochemical properties of polylactide mixtures of different chirality (poly L-lactic acid and poly D-lactic acid) and on the influence of the chirality on the amorphous phase’s properties. The materials mixtures are elaborated from two homopolymers (PLLA and PDLA) according to two methods; solution casting or extrusion. Totally amorphous and isotropically crystallized materials with more or less confined amorphous phase were studied. It is shown that a stereocomplex crystalline phase can be obtained only under certain experimental conditions. The results of the thermal and permeation analyzes showed that the PLLA / PDLA mixture improved certain properties of the material, namely higher barrier properties towards liquid water and gases were obtained compared to parent homopolymers. In order to study the molecular mobility of amorphous phases, physical aging and structural relaxation (α and β relaxation), the Cooperative Rearrangement Region (CRR) concept has been applied. It has been shown that the amorphous phases of the homopolymers and the mixture have exactly the same properties at the glass transition and in the vitreous state when the materials are totally amorphous
Sallem-Idrissi, Naïma. "Comportement mécanique et évolution structurale induite dans des films multicouches à base de polyamide 6 et de polyéthylène." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10084/document.
Full textThis work deals with the mechanical behaviour and structural evolution of coextruded blown multilayer films composed of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyethylene (PE) under uniaxial and biaxial stretching. Phase transformations and molecular orientation have been investigated by both X-ray scattering and infrared trichroism using three-dimensional infrared technique. Analysis of the undeformed multilayers has shown that the structural and thermal properties of each layer were similar to that of the pure component and were not affected by the other material. Concerning the mechanical behaviour, the stress level of the multilayer films lies between those of the pure component and in uniaxial drawimg, It can be descnbed by a simple additive law mixture. Whereas the strain at break is governed by PA6 under uniaxial drawing, the biaxial stretchabllity of the PA6 layer is improved with PE fraction. Regarding the structural evolution, a gradual disorder-order transition occurs with deformation in the PA6 layer. This transition is simllar whatever the film composition under uniaxial drawing. By contrast, under biaxial drawing, the ß~~a transformation is delayed with the addition of PE. This result points at that biaxial deformation in the multilayer films proceeds with different plastic processes from those implied in pure components. Additionally, a critical level of a content in the PA6 layer has been identified to produce the failure of the multilayer structure
Lahrahar, Nacer. "Nouveaux récepteurs supramoléculaires fluorescents : propriétés structurales et propriétés spectroscopiques." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10555.
Full textLe, Bouch Nolwenn. "Études structurales de polymères thermochromes et affinitéchromes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25678/25678.pdf.
Full textLesueur, Didier. "Propriétés mécaniques des liants routiers : relations structure/propriétés." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0130.
Full textFollowing a literature review focusing on the structure of bitumens and polymer modified bitumens, linear viscoelastic properties of paving grade binders were studied versus temperature and frequency. It is shown that neat asphalt cements can be looked upon as colloidal suspensions. As a consequence, the higher the dispersed phase content, the higher the modulus of the material. Moreover, modification of a bitumen by styrene-butadiene block copolymers induces a phase separation, the polymer rich phase being the dispersed phase for the investigated polymer contents (up to 6 % mass). The Palierne emulsion model describes the rheological properties of such multiphased materials
Jeffroy, Marie. "Simulation moléculaire des propriétés des zéolithes cationiques : Propriétés thermodynamiques et propriétés structurales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517043.
Full textElkebir, Yossra. "Impact de la microstructure et du vieillissement par relaxation structurale sur les mécanismes d’absorption d’eau dans les réseaux polyépoxydes." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS013.
Full textBecause of their good adhesion properties to metallic substrates and their good physicochemical and mechanical properties, polyepoxide paints are widely used in the anticorrosive field. However, they remain sensitive to environmental degradation agents under service conditions. Their durability is governed by the polymer network which is built according to the resin and hardener natures. The network can also be modified during the shaping process. In our study, we focus our interest on the role of the microstructure and that of the ageing by structural relaxation of fully crosslinked model epoxide systems onto the initial properties and their evolutions during hydrothermal ageings with a highlight on the water absorption mechanisms.The gathered results for the DGEBA/Jeffamine230 free film are compared with the results of previous works on the DGEBA/DAMP and DGEBA/TETA systems and show the preponderance of the polar interactions in the water sorption mechanisms. In addition, the ageing by structural relaxation reduces the amount of water at equilibrium and the swelling of the coatings. Therefore, this ageing by structural relaxation seems an important parameter to consider for the durability of organic coatings
Tran-Van, François. "Polymères solvatants à propriétés redox." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0182.
Full textDieuzy, Éva. "Relationship between structural and rheological properties of dual-stimuli responsive microgel films for cosmetic and biomedical applications." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3035.
Full textThis research work relates to colloidal-based films formed by the self-assembly of pH- and thermo-responsive oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-based microgels. In this study, the impact of the microgel structure on the macroscopic and mechanical properties of films has been investigated. To this end, microgels were synthesized with different core-shell architectures by varying the crosslinking density and the crosslinker type. Viscosity and creep measurements on highly concentrated dispersions of microgels have proved to be particularly sensitive to the microgel architecture. More precisely, softer particles with longer and/or more crosslinked dangling chains have a higher ability to interpenetrate and form a stronger network. In addition, the study of the microgel-based films in the linear and non-linear domains confirmed the chain interdiffusion largely drives the mechanism of deformation and consequently, the microgel architecture is a key parameter influencing the macroscopic properties of films. Considering their colloidal assembly, these films have demonstrated excellent mechanical properties such as strain hardening and high strain at break. In addition, they’ve exhibited suitable properties reaching the criteria that the underlying skin substrate imposes, i.e. a low Young’s modulus and a high elongation at break. Finally, in the light of potential industrial uses, a strategy has been developed to broaden and drive the mechanical properties of films by using a water-soluble polymer which is a side-product from the microgel synthesis
Le, Costaouëc Tinaïg. "Élucidation structurale et modifications d'un exopolysaccharide bactérien d'origine hydrothermale." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2062.
Full textBacteria are known to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) with a great diversity of structures and are an important source of polysaccharides with new properties. Among those, the EPS HYD 657 or deepsane is produced by a marine bacteria: Alteromonas macleodii subsp. Fijiensis biovar deepsane, collected around deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This high molecular weigh EPS (>106 g/mol) is already used in cosmetics but its structure remained unknown so that the first aim of this study consists in elucidating its repeating unit. The data show a very complex branched repeating unit of 16-18 sugars with 7 different types of monosaccharides (neutral and acidic) and 3 types of substituents (sulphate, lactyl and pyruvyl groups). Analyses of native and oligomeric fragments from Smith degradation allow us to identify two oligosaccharides of this repeating unit and the position of two substituents. In order to enlarge the application field of this EPS, two depolymerization processes were studied. After comparison of the first one know process (free-radical depolymerization) and development of a second one (ball-milling), two low molecular weigh EPS were prepared and sulphate groups were added: they show interesting properties in modulating a way of the immune system. To enlarge depolymerization tools of this EPS, the research of enzymatical activities s developed in the third part. Protein extracts were generated by cultivating the strain producing J IN L 657 under EPS-producing conditions. One of those extracts was shown to be active to depolymerize this EPS
Borme, Jérôme. "Alliage antiferromagnétique MnPt : croissance, propriétés magnétiques et structurales." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00159060.
Full textBonin, Michel. "Propriétés de symétrie des transitions structurales ferroélastiques-ferroélectriques." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10052.
Full textFontcuberta, i. Morral Anna. "Croissance, propriétés structurales et optiques du silicium polymorphe." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0033.
Full textRekik, Medhioub Hazar. "Caractérisation structurale et suivi du vieillissement par diffusion X aux petits angles d’un polymère époxyde : Contribution à l'étude des propriétés électriques." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0793/document.
Full textThis work constitutes an innovative approach in epoxy based polymer characterization, where complementary physico-chemical, electric and structural techniques are used. The main objective of these studies is to understand both dielectric phenomena and properties associated to the space charges, as well as to follow-up their evolution in time or after the application of external constraints.Impedance spectroscopy and thermo-stimulated depolarization current (TSDC), measurements have highlighted dipolar and interfacial relaxations processes. Origin of these phenomena has been explained from physico-chemical and structural analyses. First, X-ray fluorescence measurements revealed the presence of two types of impurities, which are able to create deep energetic levels in the forbidden energy band. Then, X ray reflectometry measurements highlighted several periodic structures within an amorphous matrix. This structural heterogeneity explains the mechanisms of trapping and accumulation of space charges at the interfaces and gives a first reply as for the relatively high value of the polymer electric conductivity, calculated from current-voltage measurements.Accelerated ageing studies have been also carried out. They have shown that annealing creates charges which are trapped in increasingly deep energetic levels. Consequently, both the quantity of released charges and annealed samples conductivities have decreased.These electric properties changes have been correlated with the structural changes occurring within the polymer, and whose principal manifestation is the progressive disappearance of the ordered structures. This disappearance of the local periodicity has also been observed in the absence of thermal constraints (natural ageing), where it was shown that samples surface’s behavior is different from the bulk
Chassenieux, Christophe. "Polymères associatifs téléchéliques : propriétés statiques et dynamiques." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1015.
Full textBodiguel, Hugues. "Propriétés mécaniques de films de polymères ultraminces." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00114971.
Full textVilmin, Thomas. "Quelques Propriétés des Polymères en Couches Minces." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083656.
Full textDans une première partie nous étudions le comportement, en adhésion et en friction, d'une couche de chaînes polymères greffées sur un substrat solide plat. On modélise dans un premier temps l'interdigitation entre cette "brosse" et un élastomère au contact, statique ou en translation horizontale. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence des phénomènes de saturation aux fortes densités de greffage. On s'intéresse ensuite à la dissipation d'énergie liée à l'extraction des chaînes lors du décollement de l'élastomère ou lors de sa mise en mouvement.
Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse on étudie plusieurs aspects de la stabilité d'un film fin de polymères déposé sur un substrat glissant tel que les brosses étudiées dans la première partie. Nous nous intéressons au rôle joué par la viscoélasticité de ces films lors de la croissance d'une instabilité de surface, et lors de leur démouillage. En particulier, nous montrons que la présence de contraintes résiduelles, permise par la viscoélasticité, est une cause de déstabilisation des films de polymères et accélère le démouillage. La friction entre le film et le substrat se révèle aussi être un paramètre déterminant de la dynamique de l'instabilité et du démouillage.
Frey, Stephan. "Propriétés viscoélastques des fondus de polymères vitrifiables." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759029.
Full textHammami, Saber. "Propriétés physiques et électriques de polymères électroactifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT033/document.
Full textElectroactive polymers known as dielectric elastomers have shown considerable promise for transducers. They are attractive for a wide range of innovative applications including softs robots, adaptive optics, haptic interface or biomedical actuation thanks to their high energy density and good efficiency. For the functioning of all these application, the electroactive polymer is subjected to high electrical field. Nevertheless, the performances of these transducers are affected by the losses and especially the ones induced by the leakage current.Mechanical pre-stretch is an effective method to improve actuation when a voltage is applied to the device made up of a dielectric elastomer sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The overall performances of the structure (electromechanical conversion, efficiency, strain induced…) depend strongly on the electric and mechanical properties of the elastomer. Regarding electric characteristics, dielectric permittivity, dissipation factor and electric breakdown field have been deeply investigated according to various parameters such as frequency, temperature, pre-stretch, or nature of the electrodes but complete analysis of the leakage current is missing in the scientific literature.Thus, this work reports an extensive investigation on the stability of the current-time characteristics in dielectric elastomer. Particularly, we focus on the influence of the nature of the electrodes and pre-stress applied to the transducer. In order to evaluate the influence of the time duration on the behavior of the leakage current, short and long-term electrical stress times was applied during short times and up to 15 hours.Leakage current in electroactive polymers were discussed for a commercial polyacrylate (VHB4910 from 3M) currently used for soft transducers applications. This current is investigated as a function of external factors (stretching, temperature, type of material for electrodes)In order to evaluate the limitations in term of voltage and in the goal to increase the lifetime of these transducers, the second part of our study is focused on the dielectric strength of silicone rubbers for various types of electrodes (gold, Aluminum, graphene nanoplatelets, graphene : GnP). The effect of self-healing is particularly studied and a selection of electrodes for soft transducers based on dielectric elastomers is proposed
Frey, Stephan. "Propriétés viscoélastqiues des fondus de polymères vitrifiables." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAE008/document.
Full textPolymer melts show a remarkable increase of their viscosity by many orders of magnitude on approaching the glass transition. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper insight into the viscoelastic properties of glass forming polymer melts. The polymers are modeled as flexible chains using a bead-spring model. The dynamic properties are analyzed in the framework of the ideal mode-coupling theory. We find that the critical temperature of the ideal mode-coupling theory scales with the reciprocal chain length. By studying the shear relaxation function we find that the polymer relaxation processes are not altered but shifted to later times in the approach of the glass transition
Delabouglise, Didier. "Contrôle moléculaire des propriétés des polymères conducteurs." Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA132001.
Full textRusa, Mihaiu Mariana. "Polymères éthyleneimines. Synthèse, propriétés, ap[p]lications." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20148.
Full textSchmit, Carlo. "Propriétés des milieux polymères : cinétiques de réticulation, gonflement, polymères étoilés : approche R.M.N." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10067.
Full textLapprand, Antony. "Conception et propriétés photophysiques de polymères de coordination et de polymères organométalliques." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2031/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the design and study of photophysical properties of coordination and organometallics polymers. Initially, we focused on adducts formed from copper(I) halides (CuxXyLz; X = I, Br, Cl). Indeed, these compounds have great structural diversity depending on the synthesis conditions (nature of ligand, stoichiometry, choice of solvent, temperature...) and various luminescence properties. We focused on the synthesis, physical and photophysical characterization of copper(I) halide adducts based on monothioether (RSR) and dithioether (RS(CH2)nSR) ligands. Then, we extended our study to the adducts of copper(I) halide coordinated by phosphorus P-chirogenics ligands (ie chirality carried by the phosphorus atom) and then to CuX adducts coordinated by both phosphorus ligands (PPh3 or dppm)) and mono- or dithioether ligands. Secondly, the impact of the incorporation of P-chirogenics ligands (P(C17H35)(Ph)(i-Pr)) on the photophysical properties of organometallic conjugated polymers 1D based on platinum(II) and arylbisethynyles ligands (-C≡C(Ar)C≡C-) was investigated. This type of polymer based on platinum(II) is often used as a model for the understanding of excited states energy transfers. These polymers, once characterized, were compared to the achiral analogues containing the fragment of trans-Pt(P(PBu)3)2 and several differences were noted. The findings and conclusions on the structure-property relationship are useful in the future design of photonic materials bearing chiral groups
Thomassin, Mailhot Mathieu. "Propriétés mécaniques et comportement des réparations structurales en béton." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27044/27044.pdf.
Full textDupe, Bertrand. "Propriétés structurales et diélectrique de BiFe03 en couche mince." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646714.
Full textLaine, Fabien. "Synthèses, caractérisations structurales et propriétés physiques d’oxydes de fer." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2018.
Full textThis thesis work remains part of a context of research on multiferroic materials which present charge order and concerns the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of iron borates. Among these compounds, the ludwigite Fe2+2Fe3+O2BO3 has sparked particular interest due to its interesting electronic and magnetic properties. Indeed, this oxyborate exhibits a structural transition at TCO = 283 K, and two magnetic transitions are observed, at 112 K and 75 K. We have examined the influence of the cationic substitution in the Fe3-xMnxO2BO3 solid solution (0
Martini, Cyril. "Nanohybrides ZnO-Distrylbithiophènes : synthèse, propriétés structurales et dispositifs électroniques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22089.
Full textThe design of flexible electronics devices at low cost is a challenge of particular interest for future electronics. By combining at nanometric scale both organic and inorganic materials, we can avoid the hard conditions needed for inrganic materials and use solution processes [. . . ]
Dontot, Léo. "Propriétés structurales et spectroscopiques des agrégats d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4526/.
Full textModeling of neutral or cationic molecular clusters remains a challenge in ab initio approaches as soon as the molecules involved are large or when their number exceed several units. We develop, in this thesis, a mixed method based on the combination of the DFTB method, an approximation of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), with a Configuration Interaction (CI). This method (DFTB-CI) provides an original and efficient approach to obtain a correct description of the charge resonance within cationic clusters. The application to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons clusters is of interest in various fields such as physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium, chemistry of the atmosphere and also combustion processes. This work has enabled the description of structural properties of the ground state of neutral and cationic clusters of pyrene and coronene containing up to ten molecules. A multi-method strategy has been implemented in order to efficient search for the most stable structures with the global exploration algorithm "Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo". In addition to the structural properties, we have determined the quantities characterizing the stability of these clusters (binding and dissociation energies) as well as their electronic properties such as the dependency of the ionization potentials on the size in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, we propose an extension to the DFTB-CI model in order to compute the excited states of molecular clusters. The results on dimers are found in good agreement with ab initio calculations. An application to small cationic clusters of benzene and pyrene presents the determination of their electronic absorption spectra
Ould, Mohamed Lemine Mohamed Abdellahi. "Propriétés structurales et magnétiques des superréseaux Fe/Ir(100)." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10128.
Full textLenoble, Olivier. "Propriétés structurales et électrochimiques de revêtements fer-silicium-carbone." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10410.
Full textTourneux, Lise. "Propriétés structurales et catalytiques des thymidine monophosphate kinases bactériennes." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066499.
Full textVernière, Anne. "Etude de siliciures ternaires : élaboration, propriétés structurales et magnétiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10213.
Full textJeamet, Emeric. "Études structurales et propriétés de reconnaissance d'objets auto-assemblés." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1024/document.
Full textSince the 1990s, dynamic combinatorial chemistry has allowed the discovery and preparation of new synthetic receptors from simple building blocks under thermodynamic control. In this context, we have recently described a new family of dynamic para cyclophanes, the so-called dyn[n]arenes. These macrocycles, made from functionalized 1,4-bisthiophenolic building blocks, could be obtained on a gram scale from a simple purification procedure, and without any chromatography. Their synthetic accessibility allows us to study the driving forces behind their self-assembly, as well as their molecular recognition properties towards ionic guest molecules. Experimental and computational experiments were also conducted to reveal the subtle physical phenomena that are responsible for the remarkable selectivity and affinity observed between a poly-anionic dyn[4]arene and a series of a,?-alkyl-diamines. During these previous studies, we rediscovered a simple synthetic route towards a family of molecules that is unexploited so far: the dithiocins. The functionalization of these molecular objects has been explored in order to generate versatile platforms for biological applications