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Journal articles on the topic 'Propyl group'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Staggs, R. Louis, and William G. Lyon. "FT-IR Solution Spectra of Propyl Sulfide, Propyl Sulfoxide, and Propyl Sulfone." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 12 (1995): 1772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965911.

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FT-IR spectra were obtained of 0.5% volumetric solutions of propyl sulfide, propyl sulfoxide, and propyl sulfone in hexane, CCl4, CS2, and CHCl3 to assist in the assignment of FT-IR-PAS spectra of propyl sulfoxide sorbed within the structure of several peats and onto cellulose. The C-H stretching bands of all three compounds showed a 10-fold larger solvent sensitivity than did analogous aliphatic bands in a comparable series of n-alkanes in solution. The S=O stretching bands of alkyl sulfoxides are known to be quite sensitive to solvent environments because of donor-acceptor interactions involving the oxygen of the sulfoxide group and the slightly acidic protons of generalized organic acids; the expected decreases in frequency were seen with propyl sulfoxide and acidic solvents like chloroform. The frequencies of asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the -SO2 group of propyl sulfone both exhibit smaller decreases in Old, than does the sulfoxide S=O stretching vibration.

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2

Susial, Pedro, José Rodríguez-Henríquez, José Apolinario, Victor Castillo, and Esteban Estupiñan. "Vapour pressures and vapour-liquid equilibria of propyl acetate and isobutyl acetate with ethanol or 2-propanol at 0.15 MPa. Binary systems." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 9 (2012): 1243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc111213025s.

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Vapour pressures of propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and 2-propanol from 0.004 to 1.6 MPa absolute pressure and VLE data for the binary systems propyl acetate+ethanol, propyl acetate+2-propanol, isobutyl acetate+ethanol and isobutyl acetate+2-propanol at 0.15 MPa have been determined. The experimental VLE data were verified with the test of van Ness and the Fredenslund criterion. The propyl acetate+ethanol or +2-propanol binary systems have an azeotropic point at 0.15 MPa. The different versions of the UNIFAC and ASOG group contribution models were applied.

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3

Ibraheem, Lina M., and Areen M. Khattabi. "Studying the Effect of Functional Group and Size of Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Quercetin on their in vitro Characteristics." Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 4 (2022): 569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v15i4.679.

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Silica nanoparticles (SNs) possess unique properties making them ideal carriers for many agents. Both the size and the surface chemistry are important features that impact the in vitro characteristics of their loaded agents. In this study, different surface functionalization of SNs with a particle size of 200 nm (propyl thiol, propyl carboxylic acid, and propyl amine) and two different sizes of propyl amine SNs (200 and less than 100 nm) were investigated. The nanoparticles (NPs) parameters were characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and their Encapsulation Efficiency (EE) and Loading Capacity (LC) with quercetin were measured using UV Spectrophotometer. Quercetin cumulative release was studied in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (pH 7.4, 37°C) and its in vitro cytotoxicity toward HeLa cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Our results showed that the mean particle size of all samples increased after drug loading and the polydispersity (PD) values were all within the acceptable range (0.2-0.5). All SNs exhibited negative values of zeta potential with the highest value for propyl-carboxylated NPs. The EE and LC percentages of quercetin in SNs depend on the type of surface functional group where the aminated SNs showed higher percentages compared to the other groups. A direct relation was observed between the drug release rate and the cytotoxicity where the highest and smallest values were exhibited by thiolated and aminated SNs, respectively. Surface modifications have thus a more pronounced effect on the in vitro properties of our studied SNs compared to the size.

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4

Bělohradský, Martin, Ivan Stibor, Petr Holý, and Jiří Závada. "A convenient synthesis of crown and azacrown ethers with pendant oxirane group." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 10 (1987): 2500–2507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872500.

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5

Wang, Gang, Tao Peng, Shouguo Zhang, et al. "2-(2-Nitrophenyl) propyl: a rapidly released photolabile COOH-protecting group for solid-phase peptide synthesis." RSC Advances 5, no. 36 (2015): 28344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01210d.

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6

Euler, William B., and Gregory S. King. "Effect of increasing propyl group substitution on permethyl polyazine." Macromolecules 22, no. 12 (1989): 4664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00202a054.

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7

Tamiaki, Hitoshi, Taro Tomida, and Tomohiro Miyatake. "Synthesis of methyl bacteriopheophorbide-d with 8-propyl group." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 7, no. 11 (1997): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(97)00231-x.

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8

Phan, Trang N. T., Adèle Ferrand, Hien The Ho, et al. "Vinyl monomers bearing a sulfonyl(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide group: synthesis and polymerization using nitroxide-mediated polymerization." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 45 (2016): 6901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01004k.

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9

Venkatesan, P., V. Rajakannan, and S. Thamotharan. "Crystal structure of 3-amino-1-propylpyridinium bromide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 12 (2014): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814025665.

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The title molecular salt, C8H13N2+·Br−, crystallizes with two independent 3-aminopyridinium cations and two bromide anions in the asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2). In the pyridine ring, the N atom is alkylated by a propyl group. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyridinium ring and the propyl group is 84.84 (2)° in cationA, whereas the corresponding angle is 89.23 (2)° in cationB. In the crystal, the anions and cations are linkedviaN—H...Br and C—H...Br hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [100].

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10

COOPER, TREVOR G., CHING‐HEI YEUNG, ROLF SKUPIN, and GÜNTER HAUFE. "Antifertility Potential of Ornidazole Analogues in Rats." Journal of Andrology 18, no. 4 (1997): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1939-4640.1997.tb01949.x.

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ABSTRACT: In order to determine which part of the ornidazole molecule [1‐(3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxy)propyhl‐2‐methyl‐5‐nitroimidazole] is responsible for its antifertility action, structural analogues were fed to male rats of proven fertility at doses equivalent to the antifertility dose of ornidazole (1.82 mmol/kg/day). The fertility of the males was tested, before oral gavage (control mating) and after 10 and 14 days of feeding, by counting the number of fetuses and corpora lutea present in females 12 days after mating. The day after the last mating, the kinematic parameters of sperm from the cauda epididymldis were assessed objectively with a Hamilton‐Thome motility analyzer. Analogues bearing the 2‐nitro and 5‐methyl groups on the imidazole ring were inactive if the (chlorohydroxy)propyl group were substituted by proton or methyl, hydroxyethyl, chloroethyl, or (sulfonylethyl)ethyl groups, indicating that the three‐carbon side chain of ornidazole was necessary for the antifertility action. Only ornidazole and its acetate were effective antifertility agents, but a compound bearing the (chlorohydroxy)propyi side chain attached to a nitrogen atom of a heterocyclic phthalimide produced a partial but temporary reduction in fertility. Similarities of the action of ornidazole with the male antifertility agent, α‐chbrohydrin [3‐chloro‐1,2‐propanediol], are discussed.

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11

Haverkate, Natalie A., Euphemia Leung, Lisa I. Pilkington, and David Barker. "Tethered Aryl Groups Increase the Activity of Anti-Proliferative Thieno[2,3-b]Pyridines by Targeting a Lipophilic Region in the Active Site of PI-PLC." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (2021): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122020.

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The compounds 2-amino-3-carboxamido-thieno[2,3-b]pyridines have demonstrated excellent anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines, including the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. In this study, 81 novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridines were synthesised in four series to further improve their anti-proliferative activity, in particular by targeting an adjacent lipophilic pocket in the putative target enzyme phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Overall, it was found that appending a propyl-aryl group at C-5 on 2-amino-3-carboxamido-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine resulted in compounds with potent biological activity, exhibiting IC50 values in the nanomolar range. The propyl linker could be an α,β-unsaturated ketone or a saturated propyl ketone, but the highest activity was obtained when allylic alcohols were the tether between thieno[2,3-b]pyridine and the appended aryl group, with compound 21r having IC50 values lower than 50 nM. Compounds with one extra carbon in the tether (i.e., a four-atom chain) were found to be considerably less active. Molecular modelling revealed this propyl tether places the newly introduced aryl ring in an untargeted lipophilic pocket within the active site of the phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzyme.

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12

Goswami, Shailesh K., Lyall R. Hanton, C. John McAdam, Stephen C. Moratti, and Jim Simpson. "Crystal structures of the polymer precursors 3-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)propyl methacrylate and 3-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)propyl methacrylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, no. 5 (2017): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017004959.

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The closely related title compounds, 3-(2,5-dimethoxy-3,4,6-trimethylphenyl)propyl methacrylate, C18H26O4(I), and 3-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dienyl)propyl methacrylate, C16H20O4(II), are monomers suitable for the preparation of redox polymers. They consist of a propylmethacrylate group and three methyl substituents on dimethoxybenzene and quinone cores, respectively. Both crystal structures feature weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π(ring) contacts between methyl groups and the six-membered rings.

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13

Clezy, PS, BN Ravi, and LV Thuc. "The Chemistry of Pyrrolic Compounds. LIX. The Oxidative Cyclization of Bilenes-b Substituted by Ethyl or Propyl Groups at a Terminal Site." Australian Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 3 (1986): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9860419.

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Oxidative cyclization of bilenes -b substituted with an ethyl or propyl group at one terminal site and a formyl equivalent at the other yields substantial quantities of the meso-ethyl- or meso-propyl-porphyrin. The origin of these meso-substituents has been substantiated by a study of a deuterated analogue. The copper chelate of the meso-ethylporphyrin (2d) seems unexpectedly stable in acid allowing the formation of by- products involving the interaction of the meso-substituent and the adjacent ring ester.

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14

Otmar, Miroslav, Milena Masojídková, Ivan Votruba, and Antonín Holý. "An Alternative Synthesis of HPMPC and HPMPA Diphosphoryl Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 66, no. 3 (2001): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20010500.

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In (S)-1-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]cytosine (HPMPC) and (S)-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (HPMPA) with 3-hydroxy functions protected with 4,4'-dimethoxytrityl (DMTr) groups, phosphonate groups were transformed to the morpholides and treated with bis(tributylammonium) diphosphate. Selective cleavage of the DMTr group in the presence of the labile diphosphate residue was achieved in water at pH 2.5. Purification by charcoal adsorption followed by anion exchange chromatography afforded phosphonate-diphosphate compounds (HPMPCpp, HPMPApp).

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15

Idemudia, Omoruyi G., Anthony I. Okoh, Alexander P. Sadimenko, Eric C. Hosten, and Omobola O. Okoh. "Substituted 4-Acyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-one-phenylhydrazones with Antioxidant Properties: X-Ray Crystal and Spectroscopic Studies." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7943051.

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Phenylhydrazine was reacted with synthesized acylpyrazolone derivatives 4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-one and 4-propyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-one, to obtain two new azomethine phenylhydrazones, a study in continuation of our probe into the effects of acyl group substitutions on the physicochemical and free radical scavenging properties of acylpyrazolone Schiff bases. The keto imine tautomers of 4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-one-phenylhydrazone (Empp-Ph) and 4-propyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-one-phenylhydrazone (Prmpp-Ph) according to single X-ray crystallography data which precipitated in good yield are reported. Furthermore they have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, 13C and 1H NMR, and mass-spectroscopy techniques. Both phenylhydrazone Schiff bases crystallize in a triclinic crystal system, each with a space group of P-1 (number 2) having short intramolecular N3—H3…O1 hydrogen interaction between the first hydrazine hydrogen H3 and the pyrazolone oxygen O1. The antioxidant free radical scavenging activities of titled compounds against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) showed a positive response almost as good as that of vitamin c under the same conditions, with the propyl substituted 4-propyl-5-methyl-2-phenyl-pyrazol-3-one-phenylhydrazone (Prmpp-Ph) having a stronger activity (calculated IC50 value of 175.66 μg/ml).

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16

Zhong, Di-Chang, Hua-Bin Guo, Ji-Hua Deng, Ping Lian, and Xu-Zhong Luo. "A two-dimensional copper(II) coordination polymer based on 2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 2 (2015): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615000546.

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Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of poly[bis(μ2-5-carboxy-2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylato-κ3N3,O4:O5)copper(II)], [Cu(C8H9N2O4)2)]n, indicates that one carboxylic acid group of the 2-propyl-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (H3PDI) ligand is deprotonated. The resulting H2PDI−anion, acting as a bridge, connects the CuIIcations to form a two-dimensional (4,4)-connected layer. Adjacent layers are further linked through interlayer hydrogen-bond interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.

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17

Magalhães, A. F., E. G. Magalhães, G. Trazzi, and V. R. de S. Moraes. "Synthetic model of a new deoxybenzoin derivative from Deguelia hatschbachii A.M.G. Azevedo." Eclética Química 30, no. 1 (2005): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-46702005000100006.

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In this paper we describe the synthesis of 2´,4´-dimethoxy-8-(propyl-2-one)-deoxybenzoin, a new compound employed as a model for the comparison with the respective spectral data for 6',4-dihydroxy-3'-(3,3- dimethylallyl)-2",2"-dimethylchromene(5",6":5',4')-2'-methoxy-8-(propyl-2-one) deoxybenzoin, recently isolated from Deguelia hatschbachii A.M.G. Azevedo. Both compounds have a "propyl-2-one" group attached to C-8 of the deoxybenzoin skeleton, for which there is no precedent in the literature. The Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1,3-dimethoxybenzene with phenylacetyl chloride furnished 2´,4´-dimethoxydeoxybenzoin, that after reaction with allyl bromide gave 2´,4´-dimethoxy-8-(allyl)-deoxybenzoin . Wacker oxidation gave the desired model compound in 15% overall yield. The corresponding spectral data reinforced the structure previously determined for the natural product.

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18

Magalhães, Aderbal Farias, Eva Gonçalves Magalhães, Giordano Trazzi, and Valeria Regina de Souza. "Synthetic model of a new deoxybenzoin derivative from Deguelia hatschbachii A.M.G. Azevedo." Ecletica Quimica 30, no. 1 (2005): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v30.1.2005.p43-49.

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In this paper we describe the synthesis of 2 ́,4 ́-dimethoxy-8-(propyl-2-one)-deoxybenzoin, anew compound employed as a model for the comparison with the respective spectral data for 6’,4-dihydroxy-3’-(3,3- dimethylallyl)-2",2"-dimethylchromene(5",6":5’,4’)-2’-methoxy-8-(propyl-2-one)deoxybenzoin, recently isolated from Deguelia hatschbachii A.M.G. Azevedo. Both compounds have a“propyl-2-one” group attached to C-8 of the deoxybenzoin skeleton, for which there is no precedent inthe literature. The Friedel-Crafts reaction of 1,3-dimethoxybenzene with phenylacetyl chloride furnished2 ́,4 ́-dimethoxydeoxybenzoin, that after reaction with allyl bromide gave 2 ́,4 ́-dimethoxy-8-(allyl)-deoxybenzoin. Wacker oxidation gave the desired model compound in 15% overall yield. The correspondingspectral data reinforced the structure previously determined for the natural product.

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19

Juncal, Luciana C., Yeny A. Tobón, Oscar E. Piro, Carlos O. Della Védova, and Rosana M. Romano. "Structural, spectroscopic and theoretical studies on dixanthogens: (ROC(S)S)2, with R = n-propyl and isopropyl." New J. Chem. 38, no. 8 (2014): 3708–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj00708e.

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20

Schäfer, Sandra, and Guido Kickelbick. "Simple and high yield access to octafunctional azido, amine and urea group bearing cubic spherosilicates." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 1 (2017): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt03872g.

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Octaaminospherosilicates have been synthesized using hydrogenation over Pd/C and were reacted in situ with propyl isocyanate to give octafunctional hydrogen bond bearing spherosilicates [C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>(NHCONH)C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub>]; (n = 4, 5, 6, 11).

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21

Letzel, Matthias C., Hans-Friedrich Grützmacher, Thomas Fürst, Klaus K. Mayer, and Wolfgang Wiegrebe. "Functional group migration in benzaldoxime-O-n-propyl ether radical cation." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 217, no. 1-3 (2002): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-3806(02)00571-7.

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22

Chung, Justin J., Julian R. Jones, and Theoni K. Georgiou. "Toward Hybrid Materials: Group Transfer Polymerization of 3‐(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl Methacrylate." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 36, no. 20 (2015): 1806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201500356.

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23

Zertal, Yuval, Natalia Fridman, Levi Gottlieb, and Yoav Eichen. "The Crystal Structure of Dodecahedral Ba2+ Hexa-Perchlorate Complex Tetrakis 1-N-Propyl-3-vinyl-imidazol-1-ium·Barium Hexa-Perchlorate." Molecules 29, no. 21 (2024): 5010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215010.

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In cold methanol, energetic ionic liquid 1-n-propyl-3-vinyl-imidazol-1-ium perchlorate, 1, crystallizes in the presence of excess Ba(ClO4)2, 2, into tetrakis 1-propyl-3-vinyl-imidazol-1-ium·barium hexa-perchlorate, 3. Crystals of 3, with molecular formula (C8H13N2)4·BaCl6O24, are colorless and monoclinic, with space group P21/c. The crystal structure is characterized by a dodecahedral coordination around the barium atom, with each perchlorate chelating Ba2+ in a κ2O,O’ fashion, and the Ba(ClO4)64− anion is surrounded by four imidazolium cations.

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24

Otmar, Miroslav, Lucie Poláková, Milena Masojídková, and Antonín Holý. "A Facile Synthesis of Azetidin-2-ylphosphonic Acid and Its 1-Alkyl Derivatives." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 66, no. 3 (2001): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20010507.

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Treatment of racemic diisopropyl [1,3-bis(mesyloxy)propyl]phosphonate with allyl-, benzyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl-, or propylamine gave the corresponding diisopropyl [(3-(alkylamino)-1-(mesyloxy)propyl]phosphonates. Heating of their toluene solution with aqueous potassium carbonate effected a cyclization to diisopropyl (1-alkylazetidin-2-yl)phosphonates. In the 1-benzyl- and [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)azetidin-2-yl]phosphonate, the isopropyl ester groups were removed by treatment with bromotrimethylsilane which gave 1-benzyl- and [1-(2-hydroxyethyl)azetidin-2-yl]phosphonic acid. Following hydrogenolysis of the benzyl group afforded azetidin-2-ylphosphonic acid.

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25

Zeng, Tao, and Li-Gong Chen. "2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-{[N-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)propylamino]methyl}phenol." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 7 (2006): o2916—o2917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806022689.

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26

Tang, Guo-Min, and Wei Xu. "Propyl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, no. 11 (2013): o1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813027633.

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In the title compound, C13H15NO2, the acetate group [C—C(=O)—O] makes a dihedral angle of 62.35 (13)° with the mean plane of the indole ring system [maximum deviation = 0.011 (3) Å]. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming helical chains propagating along [010].

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27

Pomeisl, Karel, Radek Pohl, Antonín Holý, and Ivan Votruba. "Simple Transformation of Thymine 1-[3-Hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] Derivatives to Their 1-[3-Fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] Counterparts." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70, no. 9 (2005): 1465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20051465.

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A novel method of transformation of HOCH2 group to FCH2 was successfully applied to the preparation of fluorine-containing pyrimidine acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (FPMP compounds) such as (S)- and (R)-1-[3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]thymine (7a, 7b) (FPMPT). The key displacement of hydroxy group with fluorine in 1-{2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)- methoxy]-3-hydroxypropyl}-4-methoxy-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (5a, 5b) was performed using perfluorobutane-1-sulfonyl fluoride in the presence of DBU. Novel pyrimidine acyclic nucleoside phosphonates were investigated as inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase.

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28

Ashry, El Sayed H. El, Nagwa Rashed, Laila F. Awad, Adel A. H. Abdel-Rahman, and Hanna A. Rasheed. "Synthesis of New 7-Alkylated Theophyllines by Chemical Modification of Dyphylline." Journal of Chemical Research 2001, no. 4 (2001): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823401103169405.

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29

Schweizer, Frank, Hailong Jiao, Ole Hindsgaul, Wah Y. Wong та Randall T. Irvin. "Interaction between the pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK and its carbohydrate receptor β-D-GalNAc(1->4) β-D-Gal analogs". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, № 3 (1998): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w97-149.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs pili to mediate adherence to epithelial cell surface receptors. Previously, it has been shown that the pilus adhesin of P. aeruginosa PAK binds to the ganglioside asialo-GM1. In particular, it was found that the carbohydrate sequence β-D-GalNAc(1->4) β-D-Gal is the minimal carbohydrate receptor sequence of asialo-GM1. To study the binding specificity of P. aeruginosa, O-modified and N-modified sugar analogs, where each hydroxyl group was substituted either by O-methyl or O-propyl and the acetamido group was changed to a propionamido group, were synthesized. The sugar analogs were evaluated as inhibitors in a competitive solid phase binding assay. The results demonstrate that the pili of P. aeruginosa PAK accepts a variety of sugar analogs possessing the sequence β-D-GalNAc(1->4) β-D-Gal. Most sugar analogs bind with a similar order of magnitude (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 60-130 μM) except for the 2-O-propyl derivative 7 (IC50 = 8 ± 4 μM) compared with an IC50 of 79 ± 18 μM for the native compound. The significant increase in binding affinity of 2-O-propyl derivative 7 suggests that improved inhibitors of adhesion may be prepared by introducing a hydrophobic side chain at the 2-position of galactose.Key words: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pili, adhesion, carbohydrate.

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30

Uggerud, Einar. "Correlation between Alkyl Cation Affinities and Proton Affinities—A Means to Rationalise Alkyl Group Substituent Effects." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 6, no. 2 (2000): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.324.

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Using literature thermochemical data it is demonstrated that the known linear relationship between proton affinities and methyl cation affinities can be extended to other alkyl groups (ethyl, i-propyl, t-butyl). It is suggested that the slopes of the straight lines can be used to define a new set of alkyl substituent constants.

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31

Li, Wen Ting, Ming Qiang Chen, and Zhong Lian Yang. "Synthesis of Lignin-Based Epoxy Resin in Ionic Liquid [BMIm]Cl." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.51.

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Industrial alkali lignin (LG) was used as raw material and ionic liquid 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl) was used as solvent. Alkali lignin was dissolved into the [BMIm]Cl and modified as propyl ether lignin(HLG). Then the HLG modified lignin was used to synthesizing the lignin-based epoxy resin (LGEP) with epoxy chloropropane. The structure of LG, HLG and LGEP were characterized with FT-IR, the results indicated that the propyl group was introduced to the LG and the reaction activity was improved. The expoxy value analysis results showed that the optimum synthesis temperature was 80°C and the epoxy value was 0.218.

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32

Kamilov, F. Kh, G. A. Timirkhanova, A. I. Samorodova, F. A. Khaliullin, and R. A. Gubaeva. "Features of hemostatic activity of 2-[3-methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxothiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt." Kazan medical journal 94, no. 4 (2013): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1969.

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Aim. To study the systemic hemostatic activity of firstly synthesized 2-[3-methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxotiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt in vitro and in vivo. Methods. Experiments in vitro using the blood samples form healthy male donors, and in vivo on male rats by intraperitoneal injection of the equimolar concentrations of researched substances. The effect of the firstly synthesized xantine and etamsylate derivative on the platelet functional activity in vitro and in vivo was studied using a platelet aggregation laser analyzer «Biola 230 LA» (Russia). 20 mkg/ml of adenosinediphosphate and 5 mg/ml of collagen (produced by «Technologia-Standart» company, Russia) were used as an aggregation inducers. Aggregation was analyzed using the AGGR software. General aggregation parameters, maximal aggregation value, maximal aggregation speed, average size of platelet aggregates were analyzed. Experimental assessment of specific systemic hemostatic activity in vivo was made in accordance with the parenchymal hemorrhage model on mature male rats. Coagulation time and blood loss volume were registered. Results. 2-[3-Methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxotiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt showed a pro-aggregative effect both in vitro and in vivo. 2-[3-Methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxotiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt pro-aggregative effect which was observed both in vitro and in vivo increased the systemic hemostatic activity, exceeding the results of the control group and etamsylate group. Conclusion. The findings reveal potentially high systemic hemostatic activity of 2-[3-methyl-1-h-propyl-7-(1,1-dioxotiethanyl-3) xantinyl-8-thio] acetic acid cyclohexilammonium salt and confirm the need for further studies of this compound and its equivalents in order to create highly effective selective hemostasis correctors on their basis.

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33

Hützler, Wilhelm Maximilian, Ernst Egert, and Michael Bolte. "6-Propyl-2-thiouracilversus6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil: enhancing the hydrogen-bonded synthon motif by replacement of a methylene group with an O atom." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, no. 8 (2016): 634–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616011281.

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The understanding of intermolecular interactions is a key objective of crystal engineering in order to exploit the derived knowledge for the rational design of new molecular solids with tailored physical and chemical properties. The tools and theories of crystal engineering are indispensable for the rational design of (pharmaceutical) cocrystals. The results of cocrystallization experiments of the antithyroid drug 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) with 2,4-diaminopyrimidine (DAPY), and of 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil (MOMTU) with DAPY and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAPY), respectively, are reported. PTU and MOMTU show a high structural similarity and differ only in the replacement of a methylene group (–CH2–) with an O atom in the side chain, thus introducing an additional hydrogen-bond acceptor in MOMTU. Both molecules contain anADAhydrogen-bonding site (A= acceptor andD= donor), while the coformers DAPY and TAPY both show complementaryDADsites and therefore should be capable of forming a mixedADA/DADsynthon with each other,i.e. N—H...O, N—H...N and N—H...S hydrogen bonds. The experiments yielded one solvated cocrystal salt of PTU with DAPY, four different solvates of MOMTU, one ionic cocrystal of MOMTU with DAPY and one cocrystal salt of MOMTU with TAPY, namely 2,4-diaminopyrimidinium 6-propyl-2-thiouracilate–2,4-diaminopyrimidine–N,N-dimethylacetamide–water (1/1/1/1) (the systematic name for 6-propyl-2-thiouracilate is 6-oxo-4-propyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ide), C4H7N4+·C7H9N2OS−·C4H6N4·C4H9NO·H2O, (I), 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil–N,N-dimethylformamide (1/1), C6H8N2O2S·C3H7NO, (II), 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil–N,N-dimethylacetamide (1/1), C6H8N2O2S·C4H9NO, (III), 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil–dimethyl sulfoxide (1/1), C6H8N2O2S·C2H6OS, (IV), 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil–1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (1/1), C6H8N2O2S·C5H9NO, (V), 2,4-diaminopyrimidinium 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracilate (the systematic name for 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracilate is 4-methoxymethyl-6-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-ide), C4H7N4+·C6H7N2O2S−, (VI), and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidinium 6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracilate–6-methoxymethyl-2-thiouracil (1/1), C4H8N5+·C6H7N2O2S−·C6H8N2O2S, (VII). Whereas in (I) only anAA/DDhydrogen-bonding interaction was formed, the structures of (VI) and (VII) both display the desiredADA/DADsynthon. Conformational studies on the side chains of PTU and MOMTU also revealed a significant deviation for cocrystals (VI) and (VII), leading to the desired enhancement of the hydrogen-bond pattern within the crystal.

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34

Zhao, Le Le, Zu Guang Liu, Xue Er Huang, and Ya Hong Liu. "Synthesis and Properties of Rosin-Modified Lignosulfonates." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.456.

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Rosin-modified lignosulfonates were prepared according to the following procedure: firstly, sulfomethylation of kraft lignin; secondly, preparation of 2,3-epoxypropyl ester of rosin; thirdly, preparation of modified-rosin lignosulfonates via etherification of sulfomethylated lignin with 2,3-epoxy propyl ester of rosin. Experimental results show that the optimum conditions for synthesis of 2,3-epoxy propyl ester of rosin are as follows: molar ratio for n(rosin): n (epichlorohydrin): n (NaOH) is1:6:1, reaction temperature is 100 °C(for rosin ester) and 75 °C(for 2,3-epoxypropyl ester of rosin, the same below), reaction time is 5.5 h and 3 h respectively. When molar ratio of lignosulfonate to 2,3-epoxypropylester of rosin is 1/5, rosin-modified lignosulfonates were prepared at 55 °Cfor 4.5 h with pH 11.5. Hydrophilic sulfonic group and the lipophilic adbietic group were incorporated into the molecular structure of kraft lignin via corresponding reactions. The surface tension of 10 g/L aqueous solution of rosin-modified lignosulfonate is 49.3 mN/m.

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35

Holý, Petr, Martin Bělohradský, Ivan Stibor, et al. "Crown and azacrown ethers with pendant adenine group." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 12 (1987): 2971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872971.

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Base-catalyzed oxirane ring-opening reaction of 4,5-epoxy-2-oxapentyl crown ethers Ia-Ie and N-(2,3-epoxy-1-propyl) azacrown ethers IIa-IIc with adenine affords mixtures of corresponding adenin-9-yl, adenin-3-yl and adenin-7-yl derivatives (IIIa-IIIe, IVa-IVe, Va-Ve, VIa-VIc, VIIa-VIIc and VIIIa-VIIIc) respectively, separable by liquid chromatography. Structure of the individual isomers was assigned on basis of 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Compexation of the prevailing (adenin-9-yl) isomers IIIa-IIIe and VIa-VIc with sodium ion was measured potentiometrically in 99% methanol and the calculated stability constants were compared with corresponding data from related homologous series of crown and azacrown ethers IXa-IXe, Xa-Xe, XIa-XIc and XIIa-XIIc differing in pendant group.

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36

Sharma, Sakshi, Goutam Brahmachari, Rajni Kant, and Vivek K. Gupta. "One-pot green synthesis of biologically relevant novel spiro[indolin-2-one-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles] and studies on their spectral and X-ray crystallographic behaviors." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 72, no. 3 (2016): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520616005060.

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Synthesesviagreen route and single-crystal X-ray structural investigations have been carried out for three spiro[indolin-2-one-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole] derivatives, 6′-amino-2-oxo-3′-propyl-2′H-spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole]-5′-carbonitrile dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate (5a), 6′-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-3′-propyl-2′H-spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole]-5′-carbonitrile dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate (5b) and methyl 6′-amino-5-cyano-1-methyl-2-oxo-3′-propyl-2′H-spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole]-3′-carboxylate 0.25 hydrate (5c), respectively. Compounds (5a) and (5b) crystallize in the triclinic space group P\bar 1, whereas compound (5c) crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupC2/c. In molecules (5a) and (5b) all the rings are practically flat, while in (5c), the heterocyclic pyran ring adopts a flattened-boat conformation. In (5a) and (5b) the cyanide group is oriented in a (−ap)conformation, while the amino group is oriented in a (+ap)conformation with a pyran ring, but in (5c) both the cyanide and amino groups are oriented in a (−ap) conformation with the pyran ring. In the crystal structure of (5a) and (5b), the molecules are linked by an elaborate system of N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds to generate a zigzag-like construct. In (5c) molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, thereby generating extended chains. The present communication focuses on the detailed and comparative information about spectral behaviors, single-crystal X-ray crystallographic properties and solid-state supramolecular architectures of these synthesized compounds of potential biological interests.

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37

Elerman, Yalcin, Mehmet Kabak, Ingrid Svoboda, Hartmut Fuess, Klaus Griesar, and Wolfgang Haase. "Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Triply Oxygen. Bridged Dinuclear Ni(II) Complex." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 51, no. 8 (1996): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1996-0812.

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[Methylamino-(N,N′-1,3-propyl-disalicylaldiminato)-Ni(II)-bis-(N-methylsalicylaldiminato)- Ni(II)] was synthesized from the condensation of N,N′-1,3-propyl-disalicylaldimine, salicylaldehyde, methylaminohydrochloride, NaOH and Ni(CH3COO)2·H2O, and its crystal structure determined. [C34H37N5O4Ni2], orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 12.330( 1), b = 24.967(2), c = 20.616(2)Å, Z = 8. The dinuclear complex contains two octahedrally coordinated nickel atoms which are linked via three oxygen atoms with an average (Ni-O-Ni) angle of 87.2( 1)° and a Ni···Ni distance of 2.884(1)Å. The coordination is completed by three nitrogen atoms. The nickel(II) centers are ferromagnetically coupled (J = 11.5 cm-1) as derived from temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements in the range 5 - 280 K.

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38

Engelhardt, LM, PC Healy, BW Skelton, and AH White. "Lewis-Base Adducts of Group 11 Metal(I) Compounds. XXXVII. A Novel Isomerism in the Heterobimetallic 1:1 Adducts of Copper(I) Halides With Tris(dithiocarbamato)cobalt(III)." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 6 (1988): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9880839.

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Reaction of copper(I) iodide with tris (N,N- dipropyl -and N, N- diisopropyl-dithiocarbamato )cobalt(III), [Co(S2CNR2)3 ≡ Co( dtc )3](R = Pr or Pri ), yields 1:1 adducts which have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. Crystals of the propyl species are monoclinic, P21/c, a 13.722(7), b 16.854(7), c 16.787(8)Ǻ, β 121.66(3)°, R was 0.056 for No 2834 'observed' reflections. The isopropyl derivative is orthorhombic, Ccca , a 33.93 (1), b 13.616(8), c 14.574(5)Ǻ; R was 0.075 for No 726. Each adduct is dimeric [Co( dtc )3](CuI2Cu)[Co( dtc )3]; the propyl derivative has crystallographically imposed i symmetry, whereas the isopropyl adduct has quasi-222 symmetry. Thus, the chiralities of the pair of Co( dtc )3 moieties in the dipropyl adduct are opposite, whereas in the isopropyl adduct they are the same.

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39

Oral, Iklima, Larissa Grossmann, Elena Fedorenko, Jana Struck, and Volker Abetz. "Synthesis of Poly(methacrylic acid)-block-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymers at High Solid Contents via RAFT Emulsion Polymerization." Polymers 13, no. 21 (2021): 3675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213675.

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The combination of polymerization–induced self-assembly (PISA) and reversible–addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization offers a powerful technique to synthesize diblock copolymers and polymeric nanoparticles in a controlled manner. The RAFT emulsion diblock copolymerization of styrene and methacrylic acid (MAA) by using a trithiocarbonate as surfactant and RAFT agent was investigated. The Z-group of the RAFT agent was modified with a propyl-, butyl- and dodecyl- sidechain, increasing the hydrophobicity of the RAFT agent to offer well-controlled polymerization of poly(methacrylic acid)-block-polystyrene (PMAA-b-PS) diblock copolymers at high solid contents between 30–50 wt% in water. The kinetic data of the PMAA homopolymerization with the three different RAFT agents for various solvents was investigated as well as the RAFT emulsion polymerization of the diblock copolymers in pure water. While the polymerization of PMAA-b-PS with a propyl terminus as a Z-group suffered from slow polymerization rates at solid contents above 30 wt%, the polymerization with a dodecyl sidechain as a Z-group led to full conversion within 2 h, narrow molar mass distributions and all that at a remarkable solid content of up to 50 wt%.

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40

Zhao, Wenyi, and Henry J. Shine. "Primary and secondary 5-(alkyloxy)thianthrenium perchlorates. Characterization with 1H NMR spectroscopy, reactions with iodide and bromide ion, and thermal decomposition in solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 6 (1998): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-010.

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A series of 5-(alkyloxy)thianthrenium perchlorates has been made in which the alkyl group is primary (1a-1p) and secondary (2a-2g). Preparations were carried out by reaction of the corresponding alkanol with thianthrene cation radical perchlorate in CH2Cl2 solution followed by precipitation of the perchlorate salt with dry ether. 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals that the presence of a stereogenic center in the alkyl group causes inequivalence in the ordinarily paired protons (e.g., H-4, H-6) of the thianthrenium ring. Reaction of iodide and bromide ion with primary alkyl-group compounds (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) gave the alkyl halide in very good yield and by a second-order kinetic displacement. The second product was thianthrene 5-oxide (ThO). Rate constants for some of these reactions are reported. Reaction of secondary alkyl group compounds (e.g., 2-propyl, 2-pentyl, 2-hexyl, and 3-hexyl) with iodide ion gave good yields of alkyl iodide but also increasing evidence for a side reaction at the sulfonium sulfur, leading to I2, thianthrene, and secondary alkanol. Decomposition of some compounds at 100°C in solution (acetonitrile or 1,2-dichloroethane) was studied and gave alkene(s) and ThO.Key words: thianthrene cation radical, 5-(alkyloxy)thianthrenium perchlorates.

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41

Yan, Heng Zhen, Wen Qi Gong, Guang Jun Mei, Xiao Ye Liu, and Shao Hua Chen. "Evaluation of Biodegradability of Amine Collectors." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.267.

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Amine collectors are widely used as oxidized ore collectors.Based on OECD 301B testing method, the biodegradability of amine collectors were analyzed and evaluated, and the values of IB of lauryl amine, octadecylamine, laurtrimonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, decane-propyl ether amine and dodecyl propyl ether amine were 173.4, 162.2, 164.6, 171.2, 160.8 and 149.4, respectively. The biodegradation of six test substances all exceeded 10% in 10 days, and all up to over 50% within 28 days. Considering comprehensively the two evaluation standards, the six amine collectors are all biodegradable. Evaluation of the biodegradability of amine collectors provides information that the chemical structure influences the biodegradability of amine collectors. It seems that the existence of ester group decreases the biodegradability of ether amine, and the shorter the carbon chain, the greater the biodegradation occurred.

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42

Arora, Gopal, Jay Prakash, and Swati Varshney. "Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxy Propyl Allyl Guar Gum." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 008 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37315.

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The primary objective of this work is to synthesize and characterize Hydroxy Propyl Allyl Guar Gum (HPAGG), a modified Guar gum derivative whose functional qualities are intended to be improved. To enhance its usefulness in a range of applications, hydroxypropyl and allyl groups were chemically added to guar gum during the preparation of HPAGG. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which revealed important functional group transformations, was used to verify the structural integrity and successful modification. The derivative's thermal stability was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), The process of modification resulted in morphological changes that were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). the thorough description highlights HPAGG's potential for cutting-edge applications in sectors like pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and nanocomposites . Key words:-Hydroxy propyl allyl guar gum, FTIR , SEM and TGA

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43

Yamakage, Shunichi, Masayo Fujii, Hiroshi Takaku, and Masaru Uemura. "1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propyl group as a new phosphate protecting group for oligoribonucleotide synthesis in the phosphotriester approach." Tetrahedron 45, no. 17 (1989): 5459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)89492-8.

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44

Kaldybayeva, Altynay B., Valentina K. Yu, Aigul E. Malmakova та ін. "Novel Complexes of 3-[3-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-3,7-diaza-bispidines and β-Cyclodextrin as Coatings to Protect and Stimulate Sprouting Wheat Seeds". Molecules 27, № 21 (2022): 7406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217406.

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We report the syntheses and characterization of novel 3,7-bicycl[3.3.1]bispidines possessing an imidazolpropyl group attached to N-3, and at N-7 a Boc group, as well as a benzoylated-oximated group at C-9. These compounds were complexed with β-cyclodextrin [β-CD] and evaluated as seed protectors of selected wheat seedlings. Using strong acid, condensations of N-substituted piperidones with the appropriate imidazolpropyl groups at N-3 and N-7 led to bispidinones 6 and 7. These intermediates were reduced to the corresponding 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane targets. The oxime at C-9 was benzoylated to yield 13. Heating these 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes in ethanol with β-CD generated the complexes required. We investigated the ability of such complexes as coatings on seedlings to protect and stimulate growth of three varieties of wheat, namely Kazakhstanskaya-10, Severyanka, and Miras. The complex of 3-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-7-(3-methoxypropyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (2) promoted growth in the root systems of all three wheat varieties by more than 30% in Kazakhstanskaya-10, 30% in Severyanka and 8.5% in Miras. A complex of 3-Boc-7-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9) increased both shoot and root length in only the Severyanka variety. The complex of 3-(3-butoxypropyl)-7-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (11) stimulated both shoot growth (0.8%, 12.3%, 13.5%) and root growth (12.3%, 9.4%, 21.7%) in all three varieties of wheat, respectively. The nature of substituents on the bispidine affect the activity. Solid complexes (1:1) were generated as powders which melted above 240 °C (dec) and were characterized via elemental analyses as 1:1 complexes.

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45

Mansour, Ahmed M., Krzysztof Radacki, and Ola R. Shehab. "Sulfonate improves water solubility and cell selective toxicity and alters the lysozyme binding activity of half sandwich Rh(iii) complexes." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 31 (2021): 10701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00979f.

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Introduction of the propyl-sulfonic acid group at N1 of the coordinated 2(pyridyl)benzimidazole ligand (L) in [RhCl(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>)L](CF<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>) gives rise to a water-soluble complex, which shows comparable antifungal activity to Fluconazole.

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46

Pomeisl, Karel, Ivan Votruba, Antonín Holý, and Radek Pohl. "Syntheses of Base and Side-Chain Modified Pyrimidine 1-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)propyl] Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Thymidine Phosphorylase (PD-ECGF) from SD-Lymphoma." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, no. 4 (2006): 595–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20060595.

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In this study we synthesized a series of thymine and 5-ethyluracil acyclic nucleoside phosphonates bearing hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, azidomethyl, aminomethyl and (trimethylammonio)methyl group in side chain as potent inhibitors of thymidine phosphorylase. In addition, we investigated in particular the novel syntheses of fluorinated derivatives containing fluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl groups in side chain such as 5-ethyl- 1-[(S)-3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil (8) or 5-ethyl-1-[3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]uracil and thymine derivatives 27 and 28. Uracil acyclic nucleoside phosphonates 1-{2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methoxy]ethyl}uracil (12) and 1-{2-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methoxy]-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl}uracil (19) were fluorinated to corresponding 5-fluorouracil derivatives. While the 5-fluorouracil derivatives exhibit a marginal inhibitory effect, thymine and 5-ethyluracil compound with fluorine in side chains possess considerable inhibitory potency toward thymidine phosphorylase from rat spontaneous T-cell lymphoma.

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47

Kubec, R., M. Hrbáčová, R. A Musah, and J. Velíšek. "Allium discoloration: the nature of onion pinking and garlic greening." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (2004): S109—S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10629-cjfs.

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Precursors involved in the formation of pink and green-blue pigments during onion and garlic processing, respectively, have been studied. It has been confirmed that the formation of both pigments is of a very similar nature, with (E)-S-(1-propenyl)cysteine sulfoxide (isoalliin) serving as the primary precursor. Upon disruption of the tissue, isoalliin and other S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides are enzymatically cleaved, yielding prop-1-enylcontaining thiosulfinates [CH<sub>3</sub>CH = CHS(O)SR; R = methyl, allyl, propyl, 1-propenyl], among others. The latter compounds subsequently react with amino acids to produce the pigments. Whereas the onion and leek-related propyl, prop-1-enyl and methyl derivatives can form pink, pink-red and magenta compounds, those containing the allyl group yield dark blue products after reacting with glycine at pH 5.0.

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48

M., Jude Jenita, Antony Muthu Prabhu A. та Rajendiran N. "Encapsulation of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid by α- and β -cyclodextrins : Spectral and theoretical studies". Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 91, Sep 2014 (2014): 1711–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5733117.

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Department of Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamilnadu, India <em>E-mail</em> : drrajendiran@rediffmail.com <em>Manuscript received online 22 February 2014, accepted 06 April 2014</em> Inclusion complex formation of α-CD, β-CD, hydroxy propyl-α-CD (Hp-α-CD) and hydroxy propyl-β-CD (Hp-β-CD) of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THBA) were investigated. The inclusion complexes of both guest molecules with the four CDs were analysed by UV-Visible, steady state and time resolved fluorescence, FTIR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR and PM3 methods. The results shows (i) in pH~1, pH~7 and pH~10 solutions both HBAs form 1 : 1 inclusion complex, (ii) the entrapment of both HBAs in the four CDs cause ICT emission at pH~1 and pH~7 and (iii) at pH~10, the hydroxyl anion and IPT prevents ICT emission. PM3 results indicate that dianion : CD complex is significantly more favorable than the others complexes. The geometry of the most stable complex shows that the hydroxyl group is entrapped in the interior part of the CD and carboxyl group is present in the hydrophilic part of the CD cavity in DHBA. In THBA, the carboxyl group is entrapped in the interior part of the CD and hydroxyl group is present in the hydrophilic part of the CD cavity.

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49

Moss, G. P. "Nomenclature of Lignans and Neolignans (IUPAC Recommendations 2000)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 8 (2000): 1493–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072081493.

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Lignans and neolignans are a large group of natural products characterized by the coupling of two C6C3 units. For nomenclature purposes the C6C3 unit is treated as propylbenzene and numbered from 1 to 6 in the ring, starting from the propyl group, and with the propyl group numbered from 7 to 9, starting from the benzene ring. With the second C6C3 unit the numbers are primed. When the two C6C3 units are linked by a bond between positions 8 and 8' the compound is referred to and named as a lignan. In the absence of the C-8 to C-8' bond, and where the two C6C3 units are linked by a carbon–carbon bond it is referred to and named as a neolignan. The linkage with neolignans may include C-8 or C-8'. Where there are no direct carbon–carbon bonds between the C6C3 units and they are linked by an ether oxygen atom the compound is named as an oxyneolignan. The nomenclature provides for the naming of additional rings and other modifications following standard organic nomenclature procedures for naming natural products. Provision is included to name the higher homologues. The sesquineolignans have three C6C3 units, and dineolignans have four C6C3 units.

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CHIANG, Tzuhang, Asao NAKAMURA, Koji NISHIZAWA, and Fujio TODA. "Modified porous glass with 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl group as an ion-exchange membrane." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 11 (1987): 2052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1987.2052.

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