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Journal articles on the topic 'Propylene carbonate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Zhou, Jiancheng, Wu Dongfang, Birong Zhang, and Yali Guo. "Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol over metal carbonates." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 3 (2011): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq101123018z.

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A series of single-metal carbonates and Pb-Zn mixed-metal carbonates were prepared as catalysts for alcoholysis of urea with 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC). The mixed carbonates all show much better catalytic activities than the single carbonates, arising from a strong synergistic effect between the two crystalline phases, hydrozincite and lead carbonate. The mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:2 gives the highest yield of PC, followed by the mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:3. Furthermore, Taguchi method was used to optimize the synthetic process for improving th

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2

Sulimov, A. V., A. V. Ovcharova, G. M. Kravchenko, and Yu K. Sulimova. "Investigation of propylene carbonate synthesis regularities by the interaction of propylene glycol with carbamide." Fine Chemical Technologies 15, no. 1 (2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2019-15-1-55-61.

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Objectives. Cyclic carbonates are important products of organic synthesis, which are widely used as solvents, catalysts, and reagents for the production of various compounds (in particular, urethane-containing polymers) by the non-isocyanate method. The process of carbamide alcoholysis with polybasic alcohols is a promising method for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates. The purpose of this study is to determine the reaction conditions for the interaction of propylene glycol with carbamide in the presence of zinc acetate as a catalyst.Methods. We conducted experiments to study the synthesis of

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3

Indran, Vidhyaa Paroo, Anisah Sajidah Haji Saud, Gaanty Pragas Maniam, Mashitah Mohd Yusoff, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap, and Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim. "Versatile boiler ash containing potassium silicate for the synthesis of organic carbonates." RSC Advances 6, no. 41 (2016): 34877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26286k.

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Boiler ash containing potassium silicate (BA 900) and potassium silicate (K<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) were proven to be feasible Lewis acid catalysts for the synthesis of different organic carbonates (glycerol carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate).

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4

Fontanella, John J., Mary C. Wintersgill, and Jeffrey J. Immel. "Dynamics in propylene carbonate and propylene carbonate containing LiPF6." Journal of Chemical Physics 110, no. 11 (1999): 5392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478434.

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5

Rumyantsev, Misha, Ilia A. Korablev, and Sergey Rumyantsev. "The reaction of potassium xanthates with five-membered cyclic carbonates: selectivity of the underlying cascade reactions and mechanistic insights." RSC Advances 10, no. 60 (2020): 36303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07428d.

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In this paper we describe the reaction between potassium xanthates and common five-membered cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) with special focus on mechanisms of the underlied cascad transformations.

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6

Kotyrba, Łukasz, Anna Chrobok, and Agnieszka Siewniak. "Synthesis of Propylene Carbonate by Urea Alcoholysis—Recent Advances." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (2022): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030309.

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Organic carbonates are considered the chemicals of the future. In particular, propylene carbonate is widely used as a non-reactive solvent, plasticizer, fuel additive, and reagent, especially in the production of environmentally friendly polymers that are not harmful to human health. This paper reviews recent literature findings regarding the development of propylene carbonate synthetic methods starting from propane-1,2-diol and urea. The ammonia formed during the synthesis is recycled to obtain urea from carbon dioxide.

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7

Zhou, Linyao, Guiyan Zhao, Jinghua Yin, and Wei Jiang. "Toughening poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with propylene carbonate plasticized poly(propylene carbonate)." e-Polymers 14, no. 4 (2014): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2013-0069.

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AbstractPoly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) blends containing various amounts of plasticizer propylene carbonate (PC) were prepared, and the toughness of the blends as a function of temperature was studied. It was found that the brittle-ductile transition temperature (TBD) of PHB toughened by PPC decreased from 60°C to 10°C with the increase in PC content. As PC is the plasticizer of PPC, the mechanical properties, such as Young’s modulus of plasticized PPC with different PC contents, were also studied. Sequentially, the relationship between TBD and the ratio of the Y

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8

Khokarale, Santosh Govind, and Jyri-Pekka Mikkola. "Metal free synthesis of ethylene and propylene carbonate from alkylene halohydrin and CO2 at room temperature." RSC Advances 9, no. 58 (2019): 34023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra06765e.

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Metal free, one-pot and room temperature syntheses of the industrially important cyclic carbonates such as ethylene and propylene carbonate were performed from alkylene halohydrins and CO<sub>2</sub>.

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9

Wang, Zhou, and Ying Mu. "Chiral salenCo(iii) complexes with bulky substituents as catalysts for stereoselective alternating copolymerization of racemic propylene oxide with carbon dioxide and succinic anhydride." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 12 (2021): 1776–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01562h.

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10

North, Michael, and Marta Omedes-Pujol. "Kinetics and mechanism of vanadium catalysed asymmetric cyanohydrin synthesis in propylene carbonate." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 6 (November 3, 2010): 1043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.6.119.

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Propylene carbonate can be used as a green solvent for the asymmetric synthesis of cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers from aldehydes and trimethylsilyl cyanide catalysed by VO(salen)NCS, though reactions are slower in this solvent than the corresponding reactions carried out in dichloromethane. A mechanistic study has been undertaken, comparing the catalytic activity of VO(salen)NCS in propylene carbonate and dichloromethane. Reactions in both solvents obey overall second-order kinetics, the rate of reaction being dependent on the concentration of both the aldehyde and trimethylsilyl cyanide. T

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11

Hu, Chi-Chih, Pin-Hao Chiu, San-Jang Wang, and Shueh-Hen Cheng. "Isobaric Vapor–Liquid Equilibria for Binary Systems of Diethyl Carbonate + Propylene Carbonate, Diethyl Carbonate + Propylene Glycol, and Ethanol + Propylene Carbonate at 101.3 kPa." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 60, no. 5 (2015): 1487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.5b00064.

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12

Stahl, Sarah-Franziska, and Gerrit A. Luinstra. "DMC-Mediated Copolymerization of CO2 and PO—Mechanistic Aspects Derived from Feed and Polymer Composition." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (2020): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091066.

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The influence of composition of liquid phase on composition of poly(propylene ether carbonates) in the copolymerization of CO2 with propylene oxide (PO), mediated by a zinc chloride cobalt double metal cyanide, was monitored by FT-IR/CO2 uptake/size exclusion chromatography in batch and semi-batch mode. The ratio of mol fractions of carbonate to ether linkages F (~0.15) was found virtually independent on the feed between 60 and 120 °C. The presence of CO2 lowers the catalytic activity but yields more narrowly distributed poly(propylene ether carbonates). Hints on diffusion and chemistry-relate

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13

You, Xinli, Mangesh I. Chaudhari, Lawrence R. Pratt, Noshir Pesika, Kalika M. Aritakula, and Steven W. Rick. "Interfaces of propylene carbonate." Journal of Chemical Physics 138, no. 11 (2013): 114708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794792.

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14

Tian, Zheng, Lisha Pan, and Qing Pan. "Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride and styrene as a compatibilizer for biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate)/polypropylene." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501984971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019849714.

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Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride and styrene [PP- g-(MAH- co-St)] was prepared by melt grafting. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy showed that maleic anhydride in the form of cyclic anhydride was successfully grafted onto the main chains of polypropylene. PP- g-(MAH- co-St) acts as a compatibilizer for the poly(propylene carbonate)/polypropylene meltblown nonwoven fabric slices. The effect of different contents and grafting proportions of PP- g-(MAH- co-St) on the structure and performance of the poly(propylene carbonate)/polypropylene slices was investigated. The poly(propyle

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15

Astakhov, Mikhail V., Ludmila A. Puntusova, Ruslan R. Galymzyanov, et al. "Multicomponent non-aqueous electrolytes for high temperature operation of supercapacitors." Butlerov Communications 61, no. 1 (2020): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-61-1-67.

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Multicomponent non-aqueous electrolytes based on cyclic carbonates and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate have been developed for the operation of supercapacitors at elevated temperatures. Propylene carbonate, which has a high dielectric constant and a high boiling point, was used as the main solvent of electrolytes. However, a significant drawback of propylene carbonate is its high viscosity, which leads to decrease in the electrical conductivity of electrolytes based on it compared to electrolytes based on acetonitrile. To increase the electrical conductivity, an additional component was i

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16

Self, Julian, Helen K. Bergstrom, Kara D. Fong, Bryan D. McCloskey, and Kristin A. Persson. "Theoretical Prediction of Freezing Point Depression of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012194mtgabs.

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Understanding and predicting the freezing point depression of liquid electrolytes is of interest particularly for low-temperature battery applications. We will present a computational methodology to calculate activity coefficients and the freezing point depression of liquid electrolytes relevant to Li-ion batteries. Theoretical expressions for Born solvation, Debye-Huckel ion atmosphere effects and solvent entropy are used with results from classical molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure methods to calculate the activity coefficients of liquid electrolytes. Using the calculat

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17

Ismail, Norafiqah, Mohamed Essalhi, Mahmoud Rahmati, Zhaoliang Cui, Mohamed Khayet та Naser Tavajohi. "Experimental and theoretical studies on the formation of pure β-phase polymorphs during fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes by cyclic carbonate solvents". Green Chemistry 23, № 5 (2021): 2130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc00122a.

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18

Huang, Shiyong, Shuigang Liu, Junping Li, Ning Zhao, Wei Wei, and Yuhan Sun. "Effective synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene glycol and carbon dioxide by alkali carbonates." Catalysis Letters 112, no. 3-4 (2006): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-006-0201-0.

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19

Katayama, Noriko, Tetsuya Kawamura, Yasunori Baba, and Jun-ichi Yamaki. "Thermal stability of propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate–propylene carbonate-based electrolytes for use in Li cells." Journal of Power Sources 109, no. 2 (2002): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00075-7.

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20

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt, Maenghyo Cho, and Kyeongjae Cho. "Density functional theory calculations for the interaction of Li+ cations and PF6– anions with nonaqueous electrolytes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 12 (2011): 1525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v11-131.

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The interaction of lithium (Li+) cation and hexafluorophosphate (PF6–) anion with nonaqueous electrolytes is studied by using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level in the gas phase in terms of the coordination of Li+ and PF6– with these solvents. Ethylene carbonate (EC) coordinates with Li+ and PF6– most strongly and reaches the anode and cathode most easily because of its highest dielectric constant among all the solvent molecules, resulting in its preferential reduction on the anode and oxidation on the cathode. For cyclic carbonates EC and propylene carbonate (PC), the

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21

Rabadanov, Kamil Sh, Malik M. Malik M.Gafurov, Magomed A. Akhmedov, Dzhennet I. Rabadanova, and Asiyat G. Magomedova. "INVESTIGATION OF SOLVATION IN LITHIUM PERCHLORATE -PROPYLENE CARBONATE-DIMETHYL CARBONATE SYSTEM BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY." ChemChemTech 67, no. 5 (2024): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20246705.6967.

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The difference of solvent properties can significantly affect the solvation phenomena in individual and, especially, in mixed solutions. In particular, it can be assumed that in mixed solvents, i.e. in systems with intermediate dielectric permittivity (mixtures of linear and cyclic carbonic acid esters), cations will bind molecules of linear esters more strongly and bind molecules of cyclic esters more weakly than it takes place in individual solvents. In the present work the Raman spectra of lithium perchlorate solvents in propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and their mixture i

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22

Stickle, William, and Tristan Stickle. "Propylene Carbonate - XPS Reference Spectra." Surface Science Spectra 21, no. 1 (2014): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/11.20140301.

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23

Jorat, L. J., G. A. Noyel, and J. R. Huck. "Dielectric study of propylene carbonate/toluene mixtures and dipole moment of supercooled propylene carbonate." IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation 26, no. 4 (1991): 763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/14.83700.

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24

Da Silva, E., W. Dayoub, G. Mignani, Y. Raoul, and M. Lemaire. "Propylene carbonate synthesis from propylene glycol, carbon dioxide and benzonitrile by alkali carbonate catalysts." Catalysis Communications 29 (December 2012): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2012.08.030.

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25

KOGA, Maito, Keisuke HASHIMOTO, and Yoichi TOMINAGA. "Ion-Conductive Properties of Propylene Carbonate/Propylene Oxide Copolymers." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 74, no. 6 (2017): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.2017-0051.

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26

Zhu, Jing Xin, Yan Long Ma, and Yao Dong Zhang. "Synthesis of Poly(Urethane-Urea)s from Polycarbonate Macrodiols and IPDI with the Addition of Derivant of Propylene Carbonate." Advanced Materials Research 499 (April 2012): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.499.104.

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In this paper, poly(urethane-urea)s were synthesized from two aliphatic polycarbonate macrodiols with different molecular mass, isophoronodiisocyanate (IPDI) and a pseudo-chain extender, a derivant of propylene carbonate, which was synthesized by propylene carbonate and 1,6-diaminohexane. The obtained poly(urethane-urea) elastomers exhibit very good mechanical properties, they are colorless and transparent and could be applied in biomedical material field.

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27

Diao, Zhen-Feng, Zhi-Hua Zhou, Chun-Xiang Guo, Bing Yu, and Liang-Nian He. "Propylene oxide as a dehydrating agent: potassium carbonate-catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of propylene glycol with CO2 in a polyethylene glycol/CO2 biphasic system." RSC Advances 6, no. 38 (2016): 32400–32404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04422k.

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Propylene carbonate was directly prepared in 78% yield from 1,2-propylene glycol and CO<sub>2</sub> in polyethylene glycol/CO<sub>2</sub> biphasic system promoted by K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> with propylene oxide as the dehydrating agent.

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28

Xu, Jie, Mang Xu, Jing Wu, Hao Wu, Wei-Hong Zhang, and Yong-Xin Li. "Graphene oxide immobilized with ionic liquids: facile preparation and efficient catalysis for solvent-free cycloaddition of CO2 to propylene carbonate." RSC Advances 5, no. 88 (2015): 72361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13533h.

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29

Tharun, Jose, Kuruppathparambil Roshith Roshan, Amal Cherian Kathalikkattil, Dong-Heon Kang, Hyun-Mo Ryu, and Dae-Won Park. "Natural amino acids/H2O as a metal- and halide-free catalyst system for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene oxide and CO2under moderate conditions." RSC Adv. 4, no. 78 (2014): 41266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06964a.

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30

Delavoux, Yoan M., Mark Gilmore, Martin P. Atkins, Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny, and John D. Holbrey. "Intermolecular structure and hydrogen-bonding in liquid 1,2-propylene carbonate and 1,2-glycerol carbonate determined by neutron scattering." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 4 (2017): 2867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07790k.

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31

Cui, Shaoying, Pingfu Wei, and Li Li. "Thermal decomposition behavior of poly(propylene carbonate) in poly(propylene carbonate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 135, no. 4 (2018): 2437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7297-5.

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32

Varlamova, T. M., and E. S. Yurina. "Lithium perchlorate (tetrafluoroborate)-diethyl carbonate-propylene carbonate electrolyte systems." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry 80, no. 8 (2006): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024406080164.

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33

Ritzoulis, George. "Excess properties of the binary liquid systems dimethylsulfoxide + isopropanol and propylene carbonate + isopropanol." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 6 (1989): 1105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-166.

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The dielectric constants, viscosities, densities, and refractive indices of the binary solvent mixtures dimethylsulfoxide–isopropanol and propylene carbonate–isopropanol were measured at 25, 30, and 35 °C over the entire mole fraction range. Excess dielectric constant, excess molar polarization, and excess viscosity were calculated. For both binary systems the variation of the Kirkwood correlation factor has been examined. Keywords: propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, correlation factor, excess properties, dielectric constant.

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34

Song, Pengfei, Yingqi Shang, Siying Chong, Xiaogang Zhu, Haidong Xu, and Yubing Xiong. "Synthesis and characterization of amino-functionalized poly(propylene carbonate)." RSC Advances 5, no. 41 (2015): 32092–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02854j.

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The first synthesis of amino-functionalized poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) by terpolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), propylene oxide (PO), and N,N-dibenzyl amino glycidol (DBAG) following the removal of benzyl protecting groups.

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35

Chen, Shaoyun, Min Xiao, Luyi Sun, and Yuezhong Meng. "Study on Thermal Decomposition Behaviors of Terpolymers of Carbon Dioxide, Propylene Oxide, and Cyclohexene Oxide." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (2018): 3723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123723.

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The terpolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2), propylene oxide (PO), and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) were performed by both random polymerization and block polymerization to synthesize the random poly (propylene cyclohexene carbonate) (PPCHC), di-block polymers of poly (propylene carbonate–cyclohexyl carbonate) (PPC-PCHC), and tri-block polymers of poly (cyclohexyl carbonate–propylene carbonate–cyclohexyl carbonate) (PCHC-PPC-PCHC). The kinetics of the thermal degradation of the terpolymers was investigated by the multiple heating rate method (Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method), the single hea

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36

Castro-Osma, José A., James W. Comerford, Richard H. Heyn, Michael North, and Elisabeth Tangstad. "New catalysts for carboxylation of propylene glycol to propylene carbonate via high-throughput screening." Faraday Discussions 183 (2015): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00061k.

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High throughput methodologies screened 81 different metal salts and metal salt combinations as catalysts for the carboxylation of propylene glycol to propylene carbonate, as compared to a 5 mol% Zn(OAc)<sub>2</sub>/p-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid benchmark catalyst. The reactions were run with added acetonitrile (MeCN) as a chemical water trap. Two new catalysts were thereby discovered, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(OTf)<sub>2</sub>) and zinc p-toluenesulfonate. The optimal reaction parameters for the former catalyst were screened. Zn(OTf)<sub>2</sub> gave an overall propylene carbonate yie

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37

Elman, Alexander R., Sergei A. Zharkov, and Liudmila V. Ovsyannikova. "Unusual Regularities of Propylene Carbonate Obtained by Propylene Oxide Carboxylation in the Presence of ZnBr2/Et4N+Br− System." ChemEngineering 3, no. 2 (2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3020046.

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The aim of the work was to study the unusual regularities of propylene carbonate prepared by carboxylation of propylene oxide in the presence of the catalytic system ZnBr2/Et4N+Br−. Using the kinetic method, a long induction period was detected, followed by the rapid formation of propylene carbonate in a quantitative yield, where the maximum turnover frequency (TOF) values reached 21,658 h−1. The regularities of the influence of the main process parameters on the induction period duration and the reaction rate were established. Based on the results obtained and considering the literature, assu

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38

Wen, Yicun, Rui Zhang, Yu Cang, et al. "Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol using potassium bicarbonate as catalyst in supercritical CO2." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 1 (2015): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0010.

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Abstract The improved one-pot synthesis of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol from propylene oxide, supercritical carbon dioxide, and methanol with potassium bicarbonate as the catalyst has been reported in this paper. As far as we know, it is the first time to use potassium bicarbonate only as the catalyst in the production process which is simple and cheap. Satisfactory conversion rate of propylene oxide and yield of the products could be achieved at the optimized conditions with quite a small amount of by-products. Our new method offers an attractive choice for the production of dimeth

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39

Sheng, Xingfeng, Wei Wu, Yusheng Qin, Xianhong Wang, and Fosong Wang. "Efficient synthesis and stabilization of poly(propylene carbonate) from delicately designed bifunctional aluminum porphyrin complexes." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 26 (2015): 4719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00335k.

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Bifunctional aluminum porphyrin complexes were prepared, which showed good catalytic performance for copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide, and the resulting poly(propylene carbonate) could be stabilized by treatment of aqueous HCl solution.

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40

Chowdhury, Faisal I., Jahidul Islam, A. K. Arof, et al. "Electrocatalytic and structural properties and computational calculation of PAN-EC-PC-TPAI-I2 gel polymer electrolytes for dye sensitized solar cell application." RSC Advances 11, no. 37 (2021): 22937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01983j.

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In this study, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were prepared using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) plasticizers and different compositions of tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) salt.

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41

WILSON-POLIT, DOROTA, TERESA GAJEWSKA, and EWA GORECKA. "Acid-base titration in propylene carbonate." Polimery 36, no. 07/08/09 (1991): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1991.342.

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42

Tripachev, O. V., E. A. Maleeva, and M. R. Tarasevich. "Oxygen electroreduction in propylene carbonate solutions." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 51, no. 2 (2015): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1023193515020147.

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43

López de Mishima, B. A., and H. T. Mishima. "Ammonia sensor based on propylene carbonate." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 131, no. 1 (2008): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2007.11.012.

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44

Jou, Fang-Yuan, Alan E. Mather, and Kurt A. G. Schmidt. "Solubility of Methane in Propylene Carbonate." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 60, no. 4 (2015): 1010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je500849m.

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45

Moumouzias, George, and George Ritzoulis. "Conductometric study of Bu4NClO4 in propylene carbonate-acetonitrile and propylene carbonate-toluene mixtures at 25�C." Journal of Solution Chemistry 25, no. 12 (1996): 1271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00972651.

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46

Kühnel, Isabell, Jacob Podschun, Bodo Saake, and Ralph Lehnen. "Synthesis of lignin polyols via oxyalkylation with propylene carbonate." Holzforschung 69, no. 5 (2015): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0068.

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Abstract An efficient, nontoxic, and solvent-free oxyalkylation of European beech wood organosolv lignin (OL) has been developed. Two approaches were studied: a direct reaction of lignin with propylene carbonate (PC) and a two-step reaction of lignin with maleic anhydride (MA) followed by oxyalkylation with PC. The structural analysis of lignin polyols was performed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that PC was able to almost completely oxypropylate aliphatic and phenolic OH groups. Moreover, the carboxylic acid groups of maleated OL were fully oxypropylat

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47

Lee, Ga Ram, Eun Jong Lee, Hye Sun Shin, Joonwoo Kim, Il Kim, and Sung Chul Hong. "Preparation of Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes from Mixed Cyclic-Carbonated Compounds: Soybean Oil and CO2-Based Poly(ether carbonate)." Polymers 16, no. 8 (2024): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16081171.

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This study presents the synthesis and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) derived from the copolymerization of cyclic-carbonated soybean oil (CSBO) and cyclic carbonate (CC)-terminated poly(ether carbonate) (RCC). Using a double-metal cyanide catalyst, poly(ether carbonate) polyol was first synthesized through the copolymerization of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. The terminal hydroxyl group was then subjected to a substitution reaction with a five-membered CC group using glycerol-1,2-carbonate and oxalyl chloride, yielding RCC. Attempts to prepare NIPU solely using RC

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48

Trofimchuk, Elena S., Igor V. Chernov, Roman V. Toms, et al. "Novel Simple Approach for Production of Elastic Poly(propylene carbonate)." Polymers 16, no. 23 (2024): 3248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16233248.

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The simple approach of increasing the elastic properties of atactic poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with Mn = 71.4 kDa, ĐM = Mw/Mn = 1.86, and predominantly carbonate units (>99%) is suggested by selecting the appropriate hot pressing temperature for PPC between 110 and 140 °C. Atactic PPC is synthesized through ring-opening copolymerization of (rac)-propylene oxide and CO2 mediated by racemic salen complex of Co(III). Hot pressing PPC results in the release of a small amount of propylene carbonate (PC), sufficient to lower the glass transition temperature from 39.4 to 26.1 °C. Consequently

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49

Liu, Ningzhang, Chuanhai Gu, Qinghe Wang, Linhua Zhu, Huiqiong Yan, and Qiang Lin. "Fabrication and characterization of the ternary composite catalyst system of ZnGA/RET/DMC for the terpolymerization of CO2, propylene oxide and trimellitic anhydride." RSC Advances 11, no. 15 (2021): 8782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09630j.

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For poly(propylene carbonate trimellitic anhydride) with good yield, thermal stability and high molecular weight, a catalyst of zinc glutarate/rare earth ternary complex/double metal cyanide was used for terpolymerization of CO<sub>2</sub>, propylene oxide and trimellitic anhydride.

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50

Wang, Yajun, Yehua Shen, and Zheng Wang. "Rapid conversion of CO₂ and propylene oxide into propylene carbonate over acetic acid/KI under relatively mild conditions." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 43 (2021): 20323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj04387k.

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The catalytic system of acetic acid/KI was studied to demonstrate high activity for completely converting propylene oxide into propylene carbonate within a quite short time of 15 min under the relatively mild conditions of 0.9 MPa CO2 and 90 °C.

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