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Journal articles on the topic 'Prosecute'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Buha, Milijana. "Principles of criminal prosecution under the 2021 criminal procedure code of Republika Srpska." Zurnal za bezbjednost i kriminalistiku 3, no. 2 (2021): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zurbezkrim2101029b.

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The prosecutor, as a state body, performs the basic function of criminal prosecution in criminal proceedings in accordance with the principles of legality and accusatory nature. The principle of legality obligates the prosecutor to prosecute in order to file an indictment if there is evidence of a criminal offense. The accusatorial principle indicates that the initiation of criminal proceedings depends on the prosecutor, because the legislature prescribes that criminal proceedings can be initiated only at the prosecutor's request. Criminal prosecution depends on the prosecutor's decision to pr

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Paul S. Masumbe. "Difficult to Create But Easy to Reject: The Case of ICC Rejection by the AU." Polit Journal Scientific Journal of Politics 3, no. 2 (2023): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/polit.v3i2.882.

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Even though the creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was greatly welcomed by African states, the prosecution of mostly African state officials by the Court since its creation has sparked animosity between the ICC and the African Union (AU), leading to the rejection of the Court’s perceived bias activities in the Africa continent. While it is legally justifiable for the Prosecutor of the ICC to prosecute African state officials, partly because the Court has jurisdiction to entertain crimes committed by African state officials and also because 33 states in Africa have ratified the

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Cohen, Fred. "To Prosecute or Not to Prosecute?" Network Security 2001, no. 4 (2001): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(01)00419-6.

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Landau, Norma. "Indictment for Fun and Profit: A Prosecutor's Reward at Eighteenth-Century Quarter Sessions." Law and History Review 17, no. 3 (1999): 507–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744380.

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In the early modern era, the business of England's criminal courts was founded upon charges brought and prosecuted by private individuals. And, as the English realized, private prosecutors posed a problem: how could the English ensure that private individuals would spend their own time and their own money in prosecuting an offender who had committed an offense against the peace of the realm? Parliament's solution was to proffer the carrot: sixteenth-century statute decreed that his prosecution of the thief was, in itself, action sufficient for the owner of stolen goods to recover those goods,

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Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira. "Protecting Animals from Mistreatment through Private Prosecutions in South Africa: A Comment on National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals v Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development 2016 1 SACR 308 (SCA)." Journal of African Law 61, no. 2 (2017): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855317000146.

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AbstractThe general rule in South Africa is that, when an offence is committed, the suspect has to be prosecuted by a public prosecutor. However, there is an exception whereby a victim of crime is permitted to institute a private prosecution if the prosecutor has declined to prosecute. South African law allows natural, but not juristic, persons to institute private prosecutions. In the case examined in this note, the appellant argued that the law prohibiting juristic persons from instituting private prosecutions is discriminatory. The Supreme Court of Appeal held that private prosecutions are

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Kahimba, Nicksoni Filbert, Cecilia Edward Ngaiza, and Boaz John Mabula. "Domestic Prosecution of International Crimes in Tanzania: The State of the Law." Eastern Africa Law Review 47, no. 2 (2020): 106–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ealr.v47i2.4.

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This article examines Tanzania’s ability to domestically prosecute international crimes following its ratification of the Rome Statute. The Article also analyses the possibility of relying on the provisions of customary international law to prosecute these crimes in the absence of domestication of the Rome Statute. The article probes into the reasons for the non-domestication of the Statute, highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the current legal framework to prosecute international crimes, and proffers a set of recommendations for the identified legal flaws. It finds that although Tanzan

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Pamsm-Conteh, Ishmail. "Prosecutorial Discretion at the Special Court for Sierra Leone: A Critique." International Law Research 10, no. 1 (2021): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v10n1p249.

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Principle 1 of the International Law Commission demands that any person who commits an act which constitutes a crime under international law is responsible and therefore liable to punishment. This is supported by various other international treaties, obligations, and also under customary international law. The mandate of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (The Special Court) rests with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1315(2000); to prosecute those who bear the greatest responsibility for serious international crimes committed during the country&rsquo;s civil war, which lasted fr

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8

Anisya, Adinda Farah, Hafrida Hafrida, and Erwin Erwin. "Studi Perbandingan Penuntutan Perkara Pidana dalam Perspektif Sistem Pembuktian Menurut Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia dan Thailand." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 2, no. 3 (2021): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v2i3.14876.

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This study aims to determine the arrangements, similarities and differences in the prosecution authority regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code and The Criminal Procedure Code 1934 Thailand. The results show that there are differences in the authority to prosecute between Indonesia and Thailand. In Thailand, it is not only the public prosecutor who can prosecute criminal cases because the criminal procedure code also regulates the victim's right to prosecute criminal cases that happened to him/her through a private prosecution process or through a joint prosecutor. It is hoped tha

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9

Munir, Hayley. "Do Prosecutor Elections Impact Prosecutor Decision Making? An Analysis of Florida Prosecutors." Journal of Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society 25, no. 2 (2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54555/ccjls.10853.122094.

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In the United States, the vast majority of chief prosecutors are elected, and existing literature demonstrates that electoral pressure impacts the decisions that candidates make (e.g., Brace & Hall, 1997; Cox & McCubbins, 1993; Mayhew, 1974). Prosecutorial discretion puts prosecutors in a unique position to shape outcomes in our criminal justice system. This paper explores how electoral pressure impacts prosecutorial decision-making. This analysis utilizes a novel dataset of chief prosecutor elections in Florida from 2008–2016 to test the impact of electoral pressure on three dependent

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10

Lazareva, Valentina A., and Sergey A. Badaev. "Problems of state prosecutor’s refusal to prosecute and ways to overcome them." Juridical Analytical Journal 19, no. 1 (2024): 7–14. https://doi.org/10.18287/1810-4088-2024-19-1-7-14.

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The article deals with the debatable issues of maintaining and refusing to maintain public prosecution in court. The influence of the prosecutor’s decision to drop the charge on the position of the court is noted, attention is drawn to the problem of ensuring the independence of the court in case of the prosecutor’s refusal to uphold the charge. The problem of ensuring the rights of the victim in case of prosecutor’s refusal to prosecute is disclosed in detail, various ways of its solution proposed by the theory of criminal procedure are analyzed, including such ways as introduction of the ins

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Gallmetzer, Reinhold. "Prosecute climate crimes." Our Planet 2017, no. 1 (2018): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/94d55e2b-en.

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12

Ayoola, E. Olayinka. "Decision to prosecute." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 17, no. 3 (1991): 1032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050718.1991.9986147.

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13

Caine, Philip. "The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia: Planners and Instigators or Foot Soldiers?" International Journal of Police Science & Management 11, no. 3 (2009): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2009.11.3.137.

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The International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg prosecuted the most infamous criminals of the Nazi regime whereas the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has brought to trial only two of the ‘big guns' of the Balkans conflicts. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the ICTY in fulfilling its mandate to prosecute those most responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed during the conflicts of the Former Yugoslavia. The research combines a literature-based assessment of the ICTY together with focused interviews of t

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Brady, Patrick Q., and Bradford W. Reyns. "A Focal Concerns Perspective on Prosecutorial Decision Making in Cases of Intimate Partner Stalking." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 6 (2020): 733–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820915752.

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Despite millions of stalking victims contacting the police each year, suspects are rarely arrested or prosecuted. While prosecutors are ultimately the gatekeepers to holding defendants accountable, few studies have examined the factors influencing charging decisions in stalking cases. Using the focal concerns perspective, this study analyzed 5 years of domestic violence and stalking case outcomes in Rhode Island. Findings indicated that prosecutors were more likely to prosecute stalking cases when defendants evoked fear in the victim and pursued victims in public. The decision to prosecute sta

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Mokrosinska, Dorota. "Why Snowden and not Greenwald? On the Accountability of the Press for Unauthorized Disclosures of Classified Information." Law and Philosophy 39, no. 2 (2019): 203–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-019-09367-1.

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AbstractIn 2013, following the leaks by Edward Snowden, The Guardian published a number of classified NSA documents. Both leaking and publishing leaks violate the law prohibiting unauthorized disclosures. Accordingly, there are two potential targets for prosecution: the leakers and the press. In practice, however, only the leakers are prosecuted: Snowden is facing a threat of 30 years’ imprisonment; no charges have been made against The Guardian. If both leaking and publishing leaks violate the law, why prosecute only the leakers and not the press? I consider and reject two arguments. The firs

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Scalia, Damien. "A few thoughts on guaranties inherent to the rule of law as applied to sanctions and the prosecution and punishment of war crimes." International Review of the Red Cross 90, no. 870 (2008): 343–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383108000350.

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AbstractWar crimes are among the most serious crimes; that is why international courts and tribunals have jurisdiction to prosecute and punish them. However, serious though they are, it is not legitimate to punish them in such a way as to exceed the bounds of respect for human rights. The author considers that, when the perpetrators of war crimes are prosecuted and punished, criteria inherent to the rule of law like those applied by the European Court of Human Rights (such as legality and proportionality) must be met.

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Greig, J. Michael, and James D. Meernik. "To Prosecute or Not to Prosecute: Civil War Mediation and International Criminal Justice." International Negotiation 19, no. 2 (2014): 257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341278.

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The International Criminal Court (icc) came into force in July 2002 with the potential to drastically alter both the war fighting and peacemaking behavior of states. Theiccis designed to try and subsequently punish those found guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Supporters of theicchave argued that its establishment will erode the norm of impunity that state and military leaders have historically enjoyed. Yet, another logic suggests that the initiation of aniccinvestigation or the issuance of an arrest warrant for individuals embroiled in an ongoing dispute may make ma

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Ernberg, Emelie, and Sara Landström. "To prosecute or not to prosecute: Law students' judicial decisions in CSA cases." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 57, no. 1 (2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12261.

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Yost, Mark J., and Douglas S. Anderson. "The Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000: Closing the Gap." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 2 (2001): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2661425.

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On November 22, 2000, President Clinton signed into law the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000, closing a jurisdictional gap that had concerned the military since the 1950s. The new law establishes federal jurisdiction for crimes committed by civilians who accompany military forces outside the United States, as well as crimes by former members of the military who leave active duty before being prosecuted by courts-martial. Jurisdiction to prosecute under the new statute, however, is granted only to U.S. Article III courts and not to courts-martial.

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20

Gamarra-Amaya, L. C. "Prosecuting child soldiers: legal consequences of the participation of children in the Colombian conflict." Law and Safety 85, no. 2 (2022): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2022.2.12.

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Children have been widely used as pawns in the Colombian armed conflict. International conventions on children’s rights view child soldiers solely as victimized and traumatized; criminalizing the use of children under the age of fifteen in active hostilities. This paper aims to approximate the reality of Colombian child soldiers, versus the approach taken in other jurisdictions, where child soldiers have been the prosecuted in situations of armed conflict. In making this approximation, we attempt to answer the question of whether it is lawful to prosecute former child soldiers in post-conflict

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Smeulers, Alette, Maartje Weerdesteijn, and Barbora Hola. "The Selection of Situations by the ICC: An Empirically Based Evaluation of the otp’s Performance." International Criminal Law Review 15, no. 1 (2015): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01406002.

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The main aim of the International Criminal Court (icc) is to prosecute the most serious crimes of concern to the international community. One of the most valued features of the icc is the independent position of the Prosecutor in selecting situations and cases to investigate. The Prosecutor, however, has been heavily criticized for his selection policy and countries from the African Union even threatened to withdraw from the icc because of its alleged bias and unfair focus on African political leaders. In this article we present the results of our explorative study in which we empirically eval

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Yale, D. E. C. "A Year and a Day in Homicide." Cambridge Law Journal 48, no. 2 (1989): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300105288.

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On 14 August 1988 the death occurred of Miss Pamela Banyard of Laxenheath. She had been the victim eighteen months previously of a savage and brutal attack for which her assailant was sent to prison for ten years on conviction of attempted murder and robbery. Why was he not convicted of murder? The answer in the words of the Crown Prosecutor: “We cannot prosecute for murder as she died more than a year and a day after the attack.”

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23

Campbell, Liz. "Trying corporations: why not prosecute?" Current Issues in Criminal Justice 31, no. 2 (2019): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2019.1613950.

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Spencer, J. R. "CONTROLLING THE DISCRETION TO PROSECUTE." Cambridge Law Journal 71, no. 1 (2012): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197312000074.

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Ahmad, Khabir. "Namibian government to prosecute healers." Lancet 357, no. 9253 (2001): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71510-5.

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AXWORTHY, LLOYD. "Prosecute Sudan's Leader Over Darfur." New Perspectives Quarterly 26, no. 1 (2009): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5842.2009.01047.x.

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Muhib, Mehwish, Kainat Muhib, Zeenat Muhib, and Muhammad Raheel. "To Prosecute or Not to Prosecute: The Need for Justice in Post-Conflict Sri Lanka." Social Sciences Spectrum 3, no. 4 (2024): 371–86. https://doi.org/10.71085/sss.03.04.179.

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This paper analyses the challenges and imperatives of transitional justice in the post-conflict context in Sri Lanka, with the imperative of balancing accountability and reconciliation in the aftermath of three decades of civil war. Mechanisms of transitional justice that recognize wartime atrocities, facilitate societal healing, and foster trust between citizens and institutions are utilized. The paper draws heavily from global frameworks and comparative lessons learned from post-conflict transitional administrations such as those in Rwanda and Sierra Leone to make the hybrid model combining

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Pohan, Sarmadan. "Tinjauan Normatif Kewenangan Penuntutan oleh KPK Atas Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang." DOKTRINA: JOURNAL OF LAW 2, no. 2 (2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/doktrina.v2i2.2615.

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<p><em>Debate over the issue of the authority of the corruption eradication commission in conducting investigations, investigations and investigators. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal basis for the authority to prosecute KPK for money laundering and the position of the authority to prosecute corruption eradication commissions for money laundering crimes in the future. This research method is normative, in which research of document studies using a variety of secondary data. The results obtained from this study are that the Article 6 of Law Number 30 of 2002 that th

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Rodman, Kenneth A. "Why the ICC Should Operate Within Peace Processes." Ethics & International Affairs 26, no. 1 (2012): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679412000020.

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Is it ethical for the prosecutor at the International Criminal Court (ICC) to consider political factors, such as peace processes, in selecting situations to investigate or cases to prosecute? During the early years of the court, a number of documents and statements from the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) suggested that there were occasions when it was. Two OTP policy papers issued in 2003 recommended that the prosecutor assess “all circumstances prevailing in the country or region concerned, including the nature and stage of the conflict and any intervention by the international community,” a

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Tillier, Justine. "The ICC Prosecutor and Positive Complementarity: Strengthening the Rule of Law?" International Criminal Law Review 13, no. 3 (2013): 507–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01303001.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the practice of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court with regard to his/her policy of positive complementarity. This policy aims at encouraging domestic jurisdictions to investigate and prosecute perpetrators of core international crimes. In order to achieve this goal, the Prosecutor can act at various stages of the proceedings. First at the preliminary examination phase, where he/she will determine if conditions of admissibility are met, and secondly at the investigation and prosecution phases of the proceedings. This study shows that the

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Wise, Edward M. "The Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute." Israel Law Review 27, no. 1-2 (1993): 268–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700016940.

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This paper is concerned with the alternative obligation to extradite or prosecute contained in multilateral treaties requiring suppression of “international offenses”. Such an obligation appears, for instance, in Article 7 of the Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft of 1970, and in provisions of other anti-terrorism treaties modelled on the Hague Convention. The first part of this paper considers the extent to which the principle underlying Article 7 of the Hague Convention has been incorporated into multilateral treaties; the second part, the question of the ex

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Chalmers, James. "Mistakenly Renouncing the Right to Prosecute." Edinburgh Law Review 28, no. 1 (2024): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2024.0876.

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Shiels, Robert S. "Trading with the Enemy in the Great War." St Andrews Law Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/stalj.v2i1.2464.

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This article considers the delicate circumstances arising from the outbreak of the Great War and existing trade at the immediate date of the declaration of war. The decision to prosecute, or not to prosecute, for criminal charges is never easy but it is all the more problematic and sensitive when the immediate context is national high politics.

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Joutsen, Matti. "Victim Participation in Proceedings and Sentencing in Europe." International Review of Victimology 3, no. 1-2 (1994): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026975809400300204.

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The article reviews the different ways in which victims can influence the course and outcome of criminal proceedings in different European criminal justice systems. The range is from some jurisdictions (such as Greece, the Netherlands and Portugal) where the victim can appear only in the capacity as witness, to others (such as Finland) where there is a general right to prosecute. Even in the systems providing victims with the greatest opportunity for participation, the victim in practice generally leaves prosecution to the public prosecutor. The article concludes by arguing that no one system

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Mungai, Melissa. "Testing Alternatives." Kabarak Journal of Law and Ethics 4, no. 1 (2021): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.58216/kjle.v4i1.177.

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Kenya’s legal framework affords the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) vast powers to decide when to prosecute. As described sharply in the 2010 Constitution, the DPP is not subject to any person or authority, nor doeshe/she require the consent of any authority to commence a criminal case.Whereas corruption has grown exponentially in the past two decades, there are only a handful of convictions. Perhaps, this demonstrates the DPP’s poor follow-through in prosecuting corruption-related offences, despite their more than adequate discretion in prosecutions. Analysing judicial decisions, the pa

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Slivinskaya, Nadezhda. "Classification of sources and formulae of strengthening international obligation to extradite or prosecute." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2025, no. 1 (2025): 152–60. https://doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2025-1-152-160.

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Introduction. The international obligation to extradite or prosecute (Latin aut dedere aut judicare) has a complex and integrated legal nature: in relation to the fight against impunity for international crimes, the obligation de facto is a valid qualified obligation of erga omnes; it has a treaty nature in relation to the fight against international crimes. One of the main objectives of the obligation to either extradite or prosecute is to combat impunity. International treaties of a global and regional nature underpin the obligation. Methods. The study is based on the system approach, compar

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Bryant, Murray, and Throstur Olaf Sigurjonsson. "An examination of ‘institutional ascription’: Capture of the gatekeepers of accounting veracity." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets & Institutions 13, no. 4 (2023): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv13i4p3.

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This paper aims to apply the theory of gatekeeping — institutional ascription — using the financial crisis of 2008–2009 in Iceland as a case. An investigation of the theory was conducted (Gabbioneta et al., 2014). The research question tested is whether the auditors, regulators, rating agencies, and analysts failed in the duty of stewardship to assess the scale and scope of accounting scandals and fraud perpetrated by executives of financial institutions. The paper shows that unless legal cases are prosecuted, where a complete presentation of evidence is presented, the theory has explanatory p

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Rebitschek, Immo. "Lessons from the Terror: Soviet Prosecutors and Police Violence in Molotov Province, 1942 to 1949." Slavic Review 78, no. 3 (2019): 738–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2019.232.

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This paper examines the role of state prosecutors in the Stalinist dictatorship by analyzing the conflict between the Procuracy and the police in the Molotov region in the 1940s. This regional case study exemplifies how a Soviet prosecutor, by professional conviction and motivated by personal experience from the Great Terror, engaged in a daily struggle against arbitrariness, imprecise legal work, and police brutality, pressuring police authorities to prosecute their own officials. The paper demonstrates how since 1938 the procuracy articulated and defended (sometimes successfully) the princip

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Richards, Tara N., Marie Skubak Tillyer, and Emily M. Wright. "When Victims Refuse and Prosecutors Decline: Examining Exceptional Clearance in Sexual Assault Cases." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 4 (2019): 474–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719828351.

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This study examines the predictors of sexual assault case clearance, with a focus on arrest and two types of exceptional clearance: victim refusal to cooperate and prosecutorial declination to prosecute. Using National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data on crime incidents that contain a sexual offense ( N = 21,977), we estimated a multinomial regression model to examine the predictors of different clearance types for cases of sexual assault. Results indicated that the likelihood of victim refusal decreases in cases perpetrated by strangers, involving victim injury, occurring in publi

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Thynne, Kelisiana. "Better a war criminal or a terrorist? A comparative study of war crimes and counterterrorism legislation." International Review of the Red Cross 103, no. 916-917 (2021): 237–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383121000436.

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AbstractThis article poses the question as to whether and why States overlook the prosecution of people for war crimes rather than terrorist offences, where war crimes would be preferred. It looks at whether a diverse range of States (Afghanistan, Australia, Mali, the Netherlands and the Russian Federation) are able through their domestic legislation to prosecute people for war crimes or for terrorist offences. It considers what the value of prosecutions is theoretically and legally, and what the impact of prosecutions is practically in a State. It proposes that prosecutors, police and judges

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Boswell, Caroline. "Provoking Disorder: The Politics of Speech in Protectorate Middlesex." Journal of British Studies 53, no. 4 (2014): 885–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2014.112.

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AbstractThis article explores the impact of the 1654 ordinance against challenges, duels, and provocations. Despite the Council of State's original intentions, this legislation offered non-elites the opportunity to prosecute threatening and abusive language as “provocations,” recasting interpersonal conflicts as dangerous to society rather than to an individual's “common fame.” Indeed, many of the cases prosecuted at the Middlesex sessions centered on “provocative” behavior that questioned normative social and gender relations, revealing how the Protectorate's anti-dueling legislation provided

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Slivinskaya, Nadezhda Yu. "Forms of international cooperation in criminal matters which provide for accurate alternatives for international obligation to extradite or prosecute ("aut dedere aut judicare")." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law 25, no. 1 (2025): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2025-25-1-73-80.

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Introduction. Most of global and regional international treaties provide for a special type of clause – the obligation to extradite or prosecute (lat. aut dedere aut judicare). International obligation gives an alternative for a state to extradite a person who committed an offence or to surrender such a person to their competent authorities to prosecute. Nevertheless, there are some legal grounds that mitigate the fulfillment of the obligation wholly or in its part. To minimize the risk of impunity, states resort to flexible mechanisms that provide an alternative to the international obligatio

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Moyo, Monica P. "Final Report on the Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute (Aut Dedere Aut Judicare) (Int’l L. Comm’n)." International Legal Materials 54, no. 4 (2015): 758–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.54.4.0758.

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At its sixty-sixth session in 2014, the International Law Commission completed its final report on the obligation to extradite or prosecute and submitted it to the United Nations General Assembly for consideration at its sixty-ninth session.1 The report concluded the Commission’s work on a topic the General Assembly had long considered important in states’ efforts to cooperate in the prevention of impunity for crimes of international concern.2 The Commission addressed the implementation of the obligation; gaps in the existing conventional regime; the priority between the obligation to prosecut

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Popova, Maria. "Why Doesn't the Bulgarian Judiciary Prosecute Corruption?" Problems of Post-Communism 59, no. 5 (2012): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ppc1075-8216590503.

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Agnew, Thelma. "Police consultant helps to prosecute violent patients." Nursing Standard 18, no. 31 (2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.18.31.5.s6.

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Spencer, J. R. "ASSISTED SUICIDE AND THE DISCRETION TO PROSECUTE." Cambridge Law Journal 68, no. 3 (2009): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197309990122.

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Schmidt, Charles W. "FTC moves to prosecute misleading environmental claims." Environmental Science & Technology 43, no. 21 (2009): 8008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es902761q.

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Edelenbos, Carla. "Human Rights Violations: A Duty to Prosecute?" Leiden Journal of International Law 7, no. 2 (1994): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500002958.

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In this article, the author gives an overview of the main international legal norms that are relevant to imputiny for human rights violations, and their actual implementation, in order to answer the question whether imputiny is indeed in violation of present day general international law. In this context, attention will also be given to the development towards the establishment of an international criminal tribunal.

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Gessey, Gemma. "Why I helped to prosecute a patient." Nursing Standard 37, no. 8 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.37.8.27.s15.

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Li, Quan. "To Prosecute or Not to Prosecute, That is the Question: Agency Litigation under the Influence of Appellate Courts." Canadian Journal of Political Science 45, no. 1 (2012): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000953.

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Abstract. This article examines how institutional uncertainty within the US federal circuit courts influences regulatory agencies' enforcement choices of prosecution or non-prosecution. I argue that the circuits' random assignment of judges and cases creates institutional uncertainty in terms of variation in each circuit's possible rulings with respect to the bureaucracy's policy position. This, in turn, affects agencies' probability of prosecution because the high degree of uncertainty will discourage prosecution, given its cost. In other words, agencies reduce their exposure to judicial revi

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