Journal articles: 'Prosocial behavior'

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Yamagishi, Toshio, Yoshie Matsumoto, Toko Kiyonari, Haruto Takagishi, Yang Li, Ryota Kanai, and Masamichi Sakagami. "Response time in economic games reflects different types of decision conflict for prosocial and proself individuals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 24 (May 30, 2017): 6394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608877114.

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Behavioral and neuroscientific studies explore two pathways through which internalized social norms promote prosocial behavior. One pathway involves internal control of impulsive selfishness, and the other involves emotion-based prosocial preferences that are translated into behavior when they evade cognitive control for pursuing self-interest. We measured 443 participants’ overall prosocial behavior in four economic games. Participants’ predispositions [social value orientation (SVO)] were more strongly reflected in their overall game behavior when they made decisions quickly than when they spent a longer time. Prosocially (or selfishly) predisposed participants behaved less prosocially (or less selfishly) when they spent more time in decision making, such that their SVO prosociality yielded limited effects in actual behavior in their slow decisions. The increase (or decrease) in slower decision makers was prominent among consistent prosocials (or proselfs) whose strong preference for prosocial (or proself) goals would make it less likely to experience conflict between prosocial and proself goals. The strong effect of RT on behavior in consistent prosocials (or proselfs) suggests that conflict between prosocial and selfish goals alone is not responsible for slow decisions. Specifically, we found that contemplation of the risk of being exploited by others (social risk aversion) was partly responsible for making consistent prosocials (but not consistent proselfs) spend longer time in decision making and behave less prosocially. Conflict between means rather than between goals (immediate versus strategic pursuit of self-interest) was suggested to be responsible for the time-related increase in consistent proselfs’ prosocial behavior. The findings of this study are generally in favor of the intuitive cooperation model of prosocial behavior.

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Neaman, Alexander, Pamela Pensini, Sarah Zabel, Siegmar Otto, Dmitry S. Ermakov, Elvira A. Dovletyarova, Elliot Burnham, Mónica Castro, and Claudia Navarro-Villarroel. "The Prosocial Driver of Ecological Behavior: The Need for an Integrated Approach to Prosocial and Environmental Education." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074202.

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Although both altruistic and ecological behaviors can be considered prosocially driven behaviors, our psychological understanding of what motivates action in either the human or ecological domains is still in its infancy. We aimed to assess connection to nature and connection to humans as mediators of the relationship between prosocial propensity and prosocial behaviors in both the ecological and human domains. This study used empathy as an indicator of an individual’s prosocial propensity. The data for the study was collected through surveys in Russian (841 participants) and Spanish (418 participants). The study demonstrated that an individual’s prosocial propensity can be actioned into ecological (nature-related) behavior through connection to nature. Similarly, an individual’s prosocial propensity can be actioned into altruistic (human-related) behavior through connection to humans. However, the present study also demonstrates that an individual’s prosocial propensity can be directed to humans through a connection to nature. Thus, altruistic and ecological behaviors are two related classes of behavior, driven by the same prosocial propensity of the individual. This study is an important step towards generating scientific support for the claim that traditionally separate teaching of prosocial and environmental subjects should be combined into a single educational approach. An integrated approach will contribute to a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary effort to create a society that is both ecologically and socially sustainable.

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YUAN, Mingliang, Mengyuan ZHANG, and Yu KOU. "Prosocial reputation and prosocial behavior." Advances in Psychological Science 24, no. 10 (2016): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2016.01655.

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Redondo Pacheco, Jesús, and Cándido J. Inglés Saura. "PREVALENCIA DE LA CONDUCTA PROSOCIAL SEGÚN SEXO Y EDAD EN UNA MUESTRA DE ESTUDIANTES COLOMBIANOS." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 1, no. 1 (September 10, 2016): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v1.384.

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Abstract:This study aims to analyze the prosocial behavior taking into account the statistical differences by gender and age in adolescent population of students from three schools in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Colombia. Prosocial behavior was coded with the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills, which assesses prosocial and aggressive behavior in adolescent peer relationships. 50.4% of students in the research were identified as prosocial. The ratio analysis revealed a significantly higher prevalence in prosocial behavior in girls than in boys. Over the years, a shift in the frequency of interpersonal styles occurs, although prosociabilidad is more common at age 17.Keywords: prosocial behaviour; gender; age and adolescence.Resumen:El presente estudio pretende analizar la conducta prosocial teniendo en cuenta las diferencias estadísticas según género y edad en población adolescente de estudiantes de tres colegios de la zona metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia. La conducta prosocial fue codificada con el Teenage Inventory of Social Skills, que evalúa la conducta prosocial y agresiva de los adolescentes en las relaciones con sus iguales. El 50,4% de estudiantes de la investigación fueron identificados como prosociales. El análisis de proporciones reveló una prevalencia significativamente superior en conducta prosocial en las chicas que en los chicos. Con el paso de los años se produce un cambio de tendencia en la frecuencia de los estilos interpersonales, aunque la prosociabilidad es más frecuente a los 17 años.Palabras clave: conducta prosocial; género; edad y adolescencia.

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Phillippe Rushton, J. "Prosocial behavior." Personality and Individual Differences 12, no. 12 (January 1991): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90215-w.

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Erreygers, Sara, Heidi Vandebosch, Ivana Vranjes, Elfi Baillien, and Hans De Witte. "Positive or negative spirals of online behavior? Exploring reciprocal associations between being the actor and the recipient of prosocial and antisocial behavior online." New Media & Society 20, no. 9 (December 31, 2017): 3437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444817749518.

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Bidirectional associations between being cyberbullied and cyberbullying others have been suggested, as well as bidirectional patterns of online prosocial behavior (reciprocity). However, so far, these relations have been studied as population-level associations, and it is not clear whether they also reflect within-person behavioral patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to disentangle between-person and within-person processes in online antisocial (cyberbullying) and prosocial behavior over time. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to examine long-term within-person patterns of involvement in cyberbullying and online prosocial behavior. The findings showed no within-person effects between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration over time. In contrast, results did reveal significant within-person autoregressive effects of performing and receiving online prosocial behavior over time, and within-person cross-lagged effects between receiving online prosocial behavior and acting prosocially later on. These results indicate long-term positive, reinforcing spirals of prosocial exchanges, but no long-term negative spirals of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization.

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Oguni, Ryuji, and Keiko Otake. "Prosocial Repertoire Mediates the Effects of Gratitude on Prosocial Behavior." Letters on Evolutionary Behavioral Science 11, no. 2 (September 22, 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5178/lebs.2020.79.

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Gratitude promotes prosocial behavior, but little is known about the psychological mechanisms that underpin this relationship. We examined whether the prosocial repertoire mediates the effects of gratitude on prosocial behavior. Participants were assigned to either a gratitude group or neutral group. We carried out emotion induction manipulation by recalling autobiographical memories and required participants to write prosocial repertoires they intended to do for others. One week later, participants had to report all the prosocial behaviors they engaged in during that period. The results indicated that the number of prosocial repertoires and prosocial behaviors in the gratitude group were higher than in the neutral group. Importantly, our results demonstrated that prosocial repertoires mediated the effects of gratitude on prosocial behavior. Our results suggest that prosocial repertoire is the crucial cognitive component involved in the relationship between gratitude and prosocial behavior.

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Feng, Xueqiao, Ziwen Han, and Siyuan Zheng. "Peer influence on prosocial behavior in adolescence." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 1879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4604.

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Peer relationships are crucial for the formation and development of prosocial behavior among adolescents. However, most studies have focused on harmful behaviors and risky behaviors of adolescence, and previous verifiable work has often focused on peer relationship influences for antisocial behavior in adolescents. The research on the influence of adolescent peer relationship on prosocial behavior is relatively insufficient, especially the lack of systematic reviewing articles. This article presents peer influence can affect the prosocial behavior by demonstrating social and prosocial behavior in adolescent stage, exploring the importance of peer relationship, decision information of peers and peer intimacy. Moreover, this paper reviews recent experiential studies to explain the mechanism of peer influence on adolescent prosocial behavior from the perspectives of social learning and conformity theory and gender differences. This paper builds a higher study basement for future prosocial behavior field. Limitations of differences between different prosocial behaviors, and the influence level from peers are also worth investigating in the future.

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Li, Zhanxing, Dong Dong, and Jun Qiao. "The Role of Social Value Orientation in Chinese Adolescents’ Moral Emotion Attribution." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13010003.

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Previous studies have explored the role of cognitive factors and sympathy in children’s development of moral emotion attribution, but the effect of personal dispositional factors on adolescents’ moral emotion expectancy has been neglected. In this study, we address this issue by testing adolescents’ moral emotion attribution with different social value orientation (SVO). Eight hundred and eighty Chinese adolescents were classified into proselfs, prosocials and mixed types in SVO and asked to indicate their moral emotions in four moral contexts (prosocial, antisocial, failing to act prosocially (FAP) and resisting antisocial impulse (RAI)). The findings revealed an obvious contextual effect in adolescents’ moral emotion attribution and the effect depends on SVO. Prosocials evaluated more positively than proselfs and mixed types in the prosocial and RAI contexts, but proselfs evaluated more positively than prosocials and mixed types in the antisocial and FAP contexts. The findings indicate that individual differences of adolescents’ moral emotion attribution have roots in their social value orientation, and suggest the role of dispositional factors in the processing of moral emotion.

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Li, Jiayu, and Weide Shao. "Influence of Sports Activities on Prosocial Behavior of Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 6484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116484.

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Prosocial behavior plays a key role in interpersonal relationships during the growth of children and adolescents. Good prosocial behavior is the foundation for the healthy development of children and adolescents. In recent years, the role played by some sports activities in children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors has attracted much attention. However, the effects of physical activity on prosocial behavior have not been summarized. Objective: We aimed to clarify the role of sports activities in children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Methods: We searched databases for 27 interventional studies on the influence of sports activities on children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors published in peer-reviewed English journals. Subsequently, inductive, summary, analytical, and evaluation methods were used to systematically analyze and evaluate the literature. Results: Sports activities can improve children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Different sports activities also influence children and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors differently. Moreover, sports activities can improve the prosocial behaviors of children and adolescents with special educational needs. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that sports activities improve the prosocial behavior of children and adolescents. At the same time, we find that children and adolescents with special educational needs should be allowed to participate in more sports activities.

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Cho, Eun-Jin. "The Effects of Moral Judgment, Empathy, and Self-Regulation on Prosocial Behavior of Young Children." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.1.689.

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Objectives As a voluntary behavior that benefits others, the prosocial behavior of young children is important in that it becomes an indicator of future social ability and adaptation(Ladd & Profilet, 1996). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of young children’s moral judgment, empathy, and self-regulation on their prosocial behavior. Methods This subjects were 114 3- to 5-year-old children at a preschool in Seoul. Moral judgment, empathy, and self-regulation were assessed by individual interview-type performance-based measures, and prosocial behavior was assessed by teacher ratings on a questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to find out the general trend of research variables, and regression analysis was conducted to find out the effects of independent variables on prosocial behavior. Results Regarding the general trend of prosocial behavior and its predictors, prosocial behavior and moral judgment showed a high average score of more than 80% of the perfect score respectively. Empathy and self-regulation showed an average score of 76% and 61% of the perfect score, respectively. There were age differences in prosocial behavior and self-regulation. The regression model, which phased in age, empathy, self-regulation, and moral judgment, was found to have a significant effect on prosocial behavior. Looking at the effect of each independent variable, empathy had a significant effect on prosocial behavior. Self-regulation and moral judgment were not effective in prosocial behavior. Conclusions It has been verified that preschoolers’ maturing empathy abilities make it more likely that they will prosocially respond to the needs or suffering of others, so empathy becomes an essential element of social cognitive and emotional education aimed at altruistic human relationships. It was discussed and suggested for future research and educational approaches, including empathy oriented prosocial education programs.

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Gülseven, Zehra, and Gustavo Carlo. "Parenting and prosocial behaviors in Nicaraguan adolescents: The roles of prosocial moral reasoning and familism." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 38, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2545–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02654075211009298.

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Despite the surge of interest in understanding the socializing role of parents on youth prosocial behaviors, studies on the socialization of prosocial behaviors in Latinx adolescents residing in their native countries are lacking. This study examined the relations among supportive and strict parenting, prosocial moral reasoning, familism values, and six types of prosocial behaviors in parents and youth residing in Nicaragua. Participants were 265 secondary school students ( Mage = 14.85 years, SD = 1.33; 62% female) from San Marcos, Nicaragua. We found partial support for the hypothesized effects. Specifically, strict parenting was positively linked to approval-oriented moral reasoning, which in turn, was positively linked to public prosocial behavior and negatively linked to altruistic prosocial behavior. Higher strict parenting was directly linked to higher emotional prosocial behavior. Moreover, supportive parenting was positively linked to adolescents’ familism values and dire and public prosocial behaviors, and it was negatively related to approval-oriented moral reasoning. Additionally, familism value was positively linked to compliant and emotional prosocial behaviors and negatively linked to altruistic prosocial behavior. These findings were robust across adolescents’ gender. Overall, these findings have implications for traditional and culture-specific models of prosocial behaviors and extend our understanding of the roles of parenting, sociocognitive and value traits, and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors to Latinx parents and youth residing in their native country.

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Kosek, Robert B. "Measuring Prosocial Behavior of College Students." Psychological Reports 77, no. 3 (December 1995): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.739.

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This study examined the relationship between prosocial behavior and the five-factor model of personality. 61 undergraduates were given an 80-item Bipolar Adjective Scale to assess five domains of personality and the Prosocial Behavior Inventory to rate prosocial behavior. Analysis suggested that Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Agreeableness showed significant positive correlations with prosocial behaviors, e.g., women were somewhat more compassionate than men whereas men focussed more on fiscal responsibility.

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Wagemaker, Eline, Verena Hofmann, and Christoph M. Müller. "Prosocial behavior in students with intellectual disabilities: Individual level predictors and the role of the classroom peer context." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): e0281598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281598.

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Prosocial behavior at school, such as helping and sharing, contributes to positive individual development, peer relations, and classroom climate. Students with intellectual disabilities (ID) may have difficulty to demonstrate prosocial behavior, but little is known about the levels of prosocial behavior and its predictors in this population. This study aims to describe the prosocial behavior of students with ID attending special needs schools and related individual (i.e., age, sex, and general functioning) and classroom level (i.e., classmates’ mean prosocial behavior) predictors. School staff members assessed prosocial behavior of 1022 students with ID (69.5% boys; Mage = 11.34 years, SD = 3.73, range: 4–19 years) at the beginning and the end of a schoolyear. We found that students with ID on average demonstrated moderate levels of prosocial behavior, this was lower compared to norms of typically developing students. Correlations within each timepoint proved that prosocial behavior was more present in older students, girls, and students with higher general functioning. Using a longitudinal multilevel model, we found that, prosocial behavior increased more over the schoolyear in older students and in students with higher general functioning. Classmates’ mean levels of prosocial behavior did not affect later individual prosocial behavior. We conclude that prosocial behavior in students with ID depends on several individual characteristics, but less on the levels of prosocial behaviors in their special needs classroom peer context.

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Riddihough, G. "BEHAVIOR: Prosocial Ants." Science 318, no. 5857 (December 14, 2007): 1697a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.318.5857.1697a.

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Small, Deborah A., and Cynthia Cryder. "Prosocial consumer behavior." Current Opinion in Psychology 10 (August 2016): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.01.001.

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Futamura, Ikumi. "Is extraordinary prosocial behavior more valuable than ordinary prosocial behavior?" PLOS ONE 13, no. 4 (April 23, 2018): e0196340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196340.

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Li, Xiujun, Yuhui Su, Xiaoshi Liu, Wendian Shi, and Kan Shi. "Prosocial behavior in envy scenarios." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 11 (December 2, 2017): 1803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6660.

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We investigated prosocial behavior in different envy conditions. Participants (N = 118) responded to partners' requests for help after taking part in either a control scenario or scenarios where they felt that their partner was envious of them based on their performance (input), a reward (output), or both (input–output). Results showed significantly different levels of prosocial behavior, with this being highest in the output envy scenario and lowest in the input–output envy scenario. Effects of benign and malicious envy were also assessed across scenarios. In the input and output scenarios, malicious envy positively predicted prosocial behaviors and benign envy negatively predicted prosocial behaviors, whereas the opposite was true in the input–output scenario. Our results imply that employees experiencing benign envy can be motivated to improve their own abilities and performance, whereas perceiving malicious envy is likely to elicit prosocial behavior by the envied person toward envious employees.

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Lockwood, Patricia L., Matthew A. J. Apps, Vincent Valton, Essi Viding, and Jonathan P. Roiser. "Neurocomputational mechanisms of prosocial learning and links to empathy." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 35 (August 15, 2016): 9763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603198113.

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Reinforcement learning theory powerfully characterizes how we learn to benefit ourselves. In this theory, prediction errors—the difference between a predicted and actual outcome of a choice—drive learning. However, we do not operate in a social vacuum. To behave prosocially we must learn the consequences of our actions for other people. Empathy, the ability to vicariously experience and understand the affect of others, is hypothesized to be a critical facilitator of prosocial behaviors, but the link between empathy and prosocial behavior is still unclear. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) participants chose between different stimuli that were probabilistically associated with rewards for themselves (self), another person (prosocial), or no one (control). Using computational modeling, we show that people can learn to obtain rewards for others but do so more slowly than when learning to obtain rewards for themselves. fMRI revealed that activity in a posterior portion of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex/basal forebrain (sgACC) drives learning only when we are acting in a prosocial context and signals a prosocial prediction error conforming to classical principles of reinforcement learning theory. However, there is also substantial variability in the neural and behavioral efficiency of prosocial learning, which is predicted by trait empathy. More empathic people learn more quickly when benefitting others, and their sgACC response is the most selective for prosocial learning. We thus reveal a computational mechanism driving prosocial learning in humans. This framework could provide insights into atypical prosocial behavior in those with disorders of social cognition.

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Cernadas Curotto, Patricia, David Sander, Arnaud d’Argembeau, and Olga Klimecki. "Back to the future: A way to increase prosocial behavior." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): e0272340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272340.

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Previous studies suggest a link between future thinking and prosocial behaviors. However, this association is not fully understood at state and trait level. The present study tested whether a brief future thinking induction promoted helping behavior in an unrelated task. In addition, the relation between mental time travel and prosocial behaviors in daily life was tested with questionnaire data. Forty-eight participants filled in questionnaires and were asked to think about the future for one minute or to name animals for one minute (control condition) before playing the Zurich Prosocial Game (a measure of helping behavior). Results revealed that participants in the future thinking condition helped significantly more than participants in the control condition. Moreover, questionnaire data showed that dispositional and positive orientation toward the future and the past was significantly associated with self-reported prosocial behaviors. The present findings suggest that thinking about the future in general has positive transfer effects on subsequent prosocial behavior and that people who think more about the past or future in a positive way engage more in prosocial behavior.

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Chen, Xu, Hongxia Zhao, and Dajun Zhang. "Forgiveness as a Mediator between Psychological Suzhi and Prosocial Behavior in Chinese Adolescents." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12090330.

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Prosocial behavior contributes to the well-being of individuals as well as the harmonious development of society. This research aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the psychological suzhi and prosocial behavior of Chinese adolescents with the consideration of time. A total of 477 adolescents (228 boys, 49.1%; Mage = 14.04 and SD = 1.77) from southwest China completed three questionnaires during waves 1 and 2. Results showed that psychological suzhi and forgiveness were positively correlated with prosocial behavior in both waves 1 and 2; psychological suzhi significantly predicted both current and three months later prosocial behavior and forgiveness played a mediating role in both immediate and lasting effects of psychological suzhi on prosocial behavior. Psychological suzhi and forgiveness are vital predictors of adolescents’ prosocial behaviors in China. Interventions based on psychological suzhi and forgiveness are essential to promote the development of pro-social behaviors.

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Sage, Luke, and Maria Kavussanu. "The Effects of Goal Involvement on Moral Behavior in an Experimentally Manipulated Competitive Setting." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 29, no. 2 (April 2007): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.2.190.

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In this experiment we examined the effects of task and ego involvement on three measures of moral behavior—prosocial choice, observed prosocial behavior, and observed antisocial behavior—in a competitive setting. We also investigated sex differences in moral behavior. Male (n = 48) and female (n = 48) college students were randomly assigned to a task-involving, an ego-involving, or a control condition. Participants played two 10-min games of table soccer and completed measures of prosocial choice, goal involvement, goal orientation, and demographics. The two games were recorded, and frequencies of prosocial and antisocial behavior were coded. Players assigned to the task-involving condition were higher in prosocial choice than those in the ego-involving or control conditions. Individuals in the ego-involving condition displayed more antisocial behaviors than those in the task-involving or control conditions. Finally, females displayed more prosocial behaviors than males.

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Novianti, Novianti. "The Effect of Parents’ Interpersonal Communication and Students’ Empathy on Prosocial Behaviors of Buddhist Students." Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (February 12, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32585/jkp.v6i1.2108.

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This study aims to investigate the effect of parents’ interpersonal communication and students’ empathy on the prosocial behaviors of Buddhist students. This study employed a quantitative method to reveal whether there is an effect of parents’ interpersonal communication and students’ empathy on the prosocial behaviors of Buddhist students. The instrument used to collect data was questionnaire. The results indicated that there was a significant effect of parents’ interpersonal communication on the prosocial behaviors of Buddhist students with significance level 0.046 and t-value 2.124. Good parents’ interpersonal communication improved prosocial behaviors of Buddhist students. Moreover, students’ empathy had a significant effect on students’ prosocial behavior with significance level 0.000 and t-value 15.021, which means that higher empathy will result in better prosocial behaviors. Based on the regression analysis, parents’ interpersonal communication and students’ empathy affected the prosocial behavior of Buddhist students at junior high schools in Wonogiri as much as 92.9%. The implication of this study is parents should build a good interpersonal communication with their children and develop their empathy so that children can positively respond to parents’ guidance which will lead to better prosocial behavior.

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Fu, Wangqian, Qianqian Pan, Weida Zhang, and Lei Zhang. "Understanding the Relationship between Parental Psychological Control and Prosocial Behavior in Children in China: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Gender." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 11821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811821.

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Objectives: Prosocial behavior is essential for individuals’ development, and the study aims to analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and prosocial behavior. Method: The current study investigated the relationships among Paternal Psychological Control (endogenous variable), General Self-Efficacy (mediator), and Prosocial Behaviors (exogenous endogenous variable) via a moderated mediation modeling approach (gender as the moderator). A total of 1822 Chinese students aged from 7- to 17-year-old (Mage = 12.4 years old, SDage = 1.89, 48.6% girls) were included in the current study. Results: After controlling participants’ age, the only child status, family income, and parent’s education level, results revealed that higher levels of parental control were associated with lower levels of students’ self-efficacy, which, in turn, reduced students’ prosocial behavior intention. Moreover, the relationship between self-efficacy and prosocial behavior intention was moderated by students’ gender, where the positive effects of self-efficacy on prosocial behavior intentions were reduced in girls. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of parental psychological control for supporting children’s self-efficacy to promote prosocial behaviors on different gender groups.

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Ariely, Dan, Anat Bracha, and Stephan Meier. "Doing Good or Doing Well? Image Motivation and Monetary Incentives in Behaving Prosocially." American Economic Review 99, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 544–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.1.544.

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This paper experimentally examines image motivation—the desire to be liked and well regarded by others—as a driver in prosocial behavior (doing good), and asks whether extrinsic monetary incentives (doing well) have a detrimental effect on prosocial behavior due to crowding out of image motivation. Using the unique property of image motivation—its dependency on visibility—we show that image is indeed an important part of the motivation to behave prosocially, and that extrinsic incentives crowd out image motivation. Therefore, monetary incentives are more likely to be counterproductive for public prosocial activities than for private ones. (JEL D64, L31, Z13)

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Zhang, Weida, Guoliang Yu, Wangqian Fu, and Runqing Li. "Parental Psychological Control and Children’s Prosocial Behavior: The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety and the Moderating Role of Socioeconomic Status." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 11691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811691.

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Complementing internalizing and externalizing developmental outcomes of parental psychological control, in this study, we shift the focus to children’s prosocial behaviors. Drawing on self-determination theory and problem-behavior theory, this study addresses the relationship between parental psychological control, social anxiety, socioeconomic status (SES), and children’s prosocial behavior. The parental psychological control scale, social anxiety scale for children, and prosocial behavior were applied in the study. Participants were 1202 elementary school-age children in China. The present study showed that parental psychological control was negatively associated with prosocial behavior and social anxiety played a partial mediating role between parental psychological control and prosocial behavior. Meanwhile, SES moderated the relationship between parental psychological control and prosocial behavior. The effect of parental psychological control on prosocial behavior was more significant among students with low levels of SES than the higher ones. The findings showed that parenting plays an essential role in the development of children’s prosociality.

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Kumru, Asiye, Gustavo Carlo, Maria V. Mestre, and Paula Samper. "PROSOCIAL MORAL REASONING AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR AMONG TURKISH AND SPANISH ADOLESCENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.2.205.

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Prosocial moral reasoning and behavior of young people in early and middle adolescence were examined in relation to the association among the variable of cultural group, age, and gender. Adolescents from Valencia, Spain (673 boys, 579 girls) and Ankara, Turkey (185 boys, 145 girls) participated in this study. Results showed significant cultural group differences on both prosocial moral reasoning subscales and peer rating of prosocial behavior with Spanish adolescents scoring higher than Turkish adolescents, and in the pattern of relationships between these variables. There were also age group and gender differences on some types of prosocial moral reasoning and behaviors, but the effect sizes were small and the differences were very small. Findings suggest culture-specific patterns of prosocial behavior among the adolescents in the two samples.

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Liu, Chang-Jiang. "Does Equality Contribute to Prosocial Behavior?" Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, no. 10 (November 1, 2009): 1369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.10.1369.

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It is hypothesized that people who obtain their initial resources in an equal way will behave prosocially since they endorse equality. Using a one-factor (Allocation system: equality, equity, need, vs. individualism) between-participants design, in this study participants were presented with a policy scenario. Results showed that an equality-based policy was rated most satisfactory, whereas the mean of contribution amount under the equality condition was less than that of the average contribution amount under the other three conditions. This finding implies that equality undermines people's prosocial behavior, a finding worthy of further examination.

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Haesevoets, Tessa, Alain Van Hiel, Kim Dierckx, and Chris Reinders Folmer. "Do multiple-trial games better reflect prosocial behavior than single-trial games?" Judgment and Decision Making 15, no. 3 (May 2020): 330–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500007142.

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AbstractMost prior research on the external validity of mixed-motive games has studied only one single game version and/or one specific type of real-life prosocial behavior. The present study employs a different approach. We used multiple game trials — with different payoff structures — to measure participants’ behavior in the Prisoner’s Dilemma, the Commons Dilemma, and the Public Goods Dilemma. We then examined the associations between these aggregated game behaviors and a wide set of self-reported prosocial behaviors such as donations, commuting, and environmental behaviors. We also related these prosocial behavior measures to a dispositional measure of prosociality, social value orientation. We report evidence that the weak statistical relationships routinely observed in prior studies are at least partially a consequence of failures to aggregate. More specifically, our results show that aggregation over multiple game trials was especially effective for the Prisoner’s Dilemma, whereas it was somewhat effective for the Public Goods Dilemma. Yet, aggregation on the side of the prosocial behaviors was effective for both these games, as well as for social value orientation. The Commons Dilemma, however, turned out to yield invariably poor relationships with prosocial behavior, regardless of the level of aggregation. Based on these findings, we conclude that the use of multiple instances of game behavior and prosocial behavior is preferable to the use of only a single measurement.

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Greitemeyer, Tobias, and Silvia Osswald. "Effects of prosocial video games on prosocial behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98, no. 2 (2010): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016997.

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Pradiptyo, Rimawan, and Putu Sanjiwacika Wibisana. "Does the Costless Identification of Contributors Affect the Intuitiveness of Prosocial Behavior?" Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business 37, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jieb.v37i3.4523.

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Introduction/ Main Objectives: This study investigates whether relaxing the assumption of the non-anonymity of participants in an experiment of a finitely repeated public-good game with randomly matched players affects the intuitiveness of prosocial behavior. Background Problems: Various studies show that, in general, participants of social dilemma game experiments tend to be intuitive in choosing prosocial behaviour, whereas non-cooperative behavior tends to be slow. Other studies show that experiments which induced the non-anonymity of participants promote prosocial behavior, however, these studies did not impose non-anonymity on the participants. Novelty: This study aims to fill the literature gap on whether introducing non-anonymity of participants in a social dilemma game experiment may affect the intuitiveness of prosocial behavior. Research Methods: This study used a laboratory experiment of finitely repeated public-good games with randomly matched players in each stage. The main difference between the control and the treatment groups lay in the anonymity of participants in the interaction, where participants in treatment group are exposed to the photo of their opponent. Finding/Results: The results show that relaxing the anonymity setting improved the participants’ contributions to the public-good game; however, their prosocial behavior became less intuitive than non-cooperative behavior. Conclusion: This paper demonstrated an attempt to fill the gap in the literature between the intuitiveness of prosocial behaviour and the role of identity in prosocial behavior.

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Spasenovic, Vera. "Student prosocial behavior and academic achievement." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja, no. 36 (2004): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0436131s.

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The paper considers correlation between student prosocial behavior and academic achievement. Attention first focuses on the issue of prosocial behavior defining, making it operational and measuring it. Next consideration is given to the ways that prosocial behavior contributes to academic achievement. It is thought that prosocial behavior can produce indirect effects on student prosocial behavior because it is bound to certain academically relevant forms of behavior leading to successful learning and work. Also, correlation is interpreted by means of teacher?s preferences of prosocial students, which is reflected in teacher expectations and behavior towards students but in evaluating their work too. In addition, prosocial behavior may produce direct effects, for it is through peer prosocial interactions that positive intellectual exchange is performed, which contributes to more successful mastering of teaching content. The paper provides a survey of investigations whose results indicate that there exists correlation between student prosocial behavior and academic achievement. Also, consideration is given to possible methods and treatments for encouraging prosocial behavior in school context, especially the role of teacher in the process and the importance of the program for promoting student prosocial skills.

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García-Vázquez, Fernanda Inéz, Maria Fernanda Durón-Ramos, Rubén Pérez-Rios, and Ricardo Ernesto Pérez-Ibarra. "Relationships between Spirituality, Happiness, and Prosocial Bystander Behavior in Bullying—The Mediating Role of Altruism." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 12, no. 12 (December 6, 2022): 1833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12120128.

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Positive psychology is vital in increasing prosocial behavior and reducing bullying. However, limited studies have analyzed the influence of positive personal characteristics on the prosocial behaviors of bystanders in bullying. The present study examined direct and indirect relationships between spirituality, happiness, altruism, and prosocial bystander behavior in bullying. Participants in this study were 685 students from Northwestern Mexico; 51% were male and 49% female, between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.3 years, SD = 1.68). A structural equation model (SEM) was calculated. The results indicate that happiness and altruism were related to prosocial bystander behavior. Spirituality and happiness have an indirect relationship by increasing prosocial bystander behavior through the positive effects of altruism. The SEM explained 48% of the variance of the prosocial bystander. The implications for improving defensive behavior in bullying and reducing school violence are discussed.

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Łaguna, Mariola, and Piotr Oleś. "The Structure of Prosocial Behavior: A Comment on Richaud, Mesurado, and Cortada (2013)." Psychological Reports 113, no. 2 (October 2013): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.08.pr0.113x24z8.

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The question of how many factors are required to explain prosocial behavior in adolescents was examined. Richaud, Mesurado, and Cortada (2013) have tested two alternative models of prosocial behaviors. In this Comment we (1) discuss the theoretical basis for prosocial behavior models in adolescents and (2) propose possible alternative models as suggestions for further studies.

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Leonita, Olvie, Ahmad Yamin, and Nur Oktavia Hidayati. "Risk Behaviors of SMP-SMA-SMK Students." Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa 8, no. 4 (August 27, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.401-410.

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Maladaptive behavior among teenagers, such as increased sexual behavior, smoking, alcoholism, and drugs abuse in big cities also in other regencies in Indonesia and if there is no real intervention it can conduct a decrease on the quality of the younger generation successor of the nation. This research aim on knowing overview of students risk behaviors uses quantitative descriptive method with proportionate random sampling involving 290 respondents. The measuring instrument used was Adolescent Exploratory Behaviour and Risk Rating Scale (AEERS). This study was used by univariate analysis. Result showed that students risk behavior have a low-risk behaviors (62.1%), it is also split in high health risk behavior (59.7%) and low prosocial risk behavior (80.7%). It conclude, students have a low risk behavior, but also have high health-risk behavior and low risk towards prosocial behaviour.

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Ruth, Nicolas. "“Where is the love?” Topics and prosocial behavior in German popular music lyrics from 1954 to 2014." Musicae Scientiae 23, no. 4 (March 21, 2018): 508–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864918763480.

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Many content analyses have investigated the content of popular music, but as yet no one has looked for references to prosocial behavior in the lyrics. There are no quantitative content analyses of prosocial content in popular music, although we know that many musicians are concerned with social engagement, the environment, equal rights, and many other prosocial behaviors. To investigate which topics are the most prevalent in popular music lyrics and how frequently these refer to prosocial behavior, a content analysis was performed on 588 songs appearing in the German yearly charts from 1954 to 2014. The major interest of songwriters seems to be love, which was found in 57% of the songs; this was the most common topic found. References to prosocial behavior were found in 3.74% of the songs. Prosocial behavior usually appeared in songs dealing with social or political topics.

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Putra, Hastha Purna, Nurhizrah Gistituati, and Syahniar Syahniar. "Peningkatan Perilaku Prososial Siswa di Sekolah melalui Layanan Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Modeling." Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/112700.

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The low prosocial behavior of students can inhibit the developmental tasks of adolescent such as the inability of appreciating others and getting others’ respect. Group guidance can be used to improve students’ prosocial behavior. The aim of this study was to reveal the effectiveness of group guidance service with modeling techniques in improving students’ prosocial behavior. This quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest control group design aims to find out whether group guidance services with modeling techniques can improve students' prosocial behavior or not. Two groups were selected by using purposive sampling. They were selected from Sekolah Menengah Pertama Islam Terpadu (SMPIT) Rabbi Radhiyya Curup Tengah and Madrasah Tsanawiyah Pesantren Muhammadiyah Curup Timur. Each group consisted of 10 students. There were five meetings of group guidance service for each experimental and control group. The data of prosocial behavior were collected by using pretest and posttest, then they were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Two Sample with SPSS version 16.00. The findings of this study were: (1) there was a significant difference between students’ pretest and posttest of prosocial behavior in the experimental group, (2) there was a significant difference between students’ pretest and posttest of prosocial behavior in the control group, (3) there was a significant difference between posttests of students’ prosocial behavior in the experimental and the control group. Based on those findings, it is concluded that the students’ prosocial behavior can be improved through group guidance with modeling techniques. Therefore, it is suggested for counseling teachers to do group guidance by using modeling techniques, especially in enhancing prosocial behavior and other social behaviors.

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Osei, Gershon K. "Youth, prosociality, and child welfare: an investigation of positive peer influence and youth prosocial behavior in group home care." Developmental Child Welfare 3, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 328–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25161032211053340.

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Only a limited number of studies have investigated the association between positive peer influence and youth prosocial behavior in child welfare. None of such studies has been completed in group home setting for youth. This study aimed to examine if positive peer influence is associated with (or predicts) youth prosocial behavior. The Ontario Looking After Children (OnLAC) database was used for analysis. There were 875 participants (males and females) aged 10 to 17 who were surveyed in group homes in 2010–2011. A full regression analysis found strong association between positive peer influence and youth prosocial behavior. The main predictive effect of gender was observed to be modestly associated with youths’ prosocial behavior as demonstrated by the adjusted and unadjusted main predictive effects (OR = .67 and .63). There was a significant positive peer influence by group home size interaction and its moderating effect was such that positive peer influence significantly predicted youths’ prosocial behaviors in small homes (incremental ORs of 2.00 and 4.49), but not in large homes. Findings show that positive peer influence informs youth prosocial behaviors in group homes.

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Christian Cadenhead, Alton, and Charles L. Richman. "THE EFFECTS OF INTERPERSONAL TRUST AND GROUP STATUS ON PROSOCIAL AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIORS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 24, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1996.24.2.169.

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Preliminary evidence suggests that interpersonal trust is associated with both aggression and prosocial behavior, but little research has been conducted to investigate these relationships in nonclinical samples. It has been suggested by Scott (1980) that general trust is not as useful in predicting behavior in organizational settings as is situational trust. However, if moderated by in-group - out-group status, general trust may be useful in predicting general response tendencies such as aggressive and prosocial behaviors. Building on the norm of reciprocity as described by Kaufmann (1970) and Rushton (1980), it was hypothesized that: a) subjects identified as high trusters would show low levels of aggression and high levels of prosocial behaviors towards both in- and outgroup members; b) low trusters would show high levels of aggression and low levels of prosocial behavior towards both in- and out-groups members; and c) moderate trusters would show lower levels of aggression towards the in-group than towards the outgroup and higher levels of prosocial behavior towards the in-group than towards the out-group. These hypotheses were not confirmed. Participants reported higher levels of prosocial behavior towards the in-group than towards the out-group, regardless of the level of trust. Group differences also emerged on the aggression measures regardless of trust level. Trend analyses revealed that as trust h∼creases, overall prosocial behavior increases.

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Knoche, Harry “Trip”, and Ethan P. Waples. "A process model of prosocial behavior: The interaction of emotion and the need for justice." Journal of Management & Organization 22, no. 1 (June 11, 2015): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2015.24.

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AbstractResearch on prosocial behavior has tended to focus on the positive consequences of prosocial behavior. This paper draws on attribution, emotion and justice motive literature to expand the discussion of prosocial behavior in organizations. Specifically, an expanded definition of prosocial behavior is offered and a process-oriented process model of prosocial behavior is introduced. The process model of prosocial behavior is used to discuss the idea that prosocial behavior might have negative consequences. This paper contributes to the literature on prosocial behavior in organizations by (1) accounting for the effects of emotion and the need for justice on decisions to engage in prosocial actions and (2) identifying negative consequences of specific prosocial actions.

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Kovrigina, G. D. "Features of Prosocial Behavior." Humanitarian Vector 14, no. 2 (2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2019-14-2-33-41.

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Kang, Polly, and David P. Daniels. "Risk Transforms Prosocial Behavior." Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, no. 1 (August 2021): 10502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.10502abstract.

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Nielsen, Yngwie Asbjørn, Stefan Pfattheicher, and Merel Keijsers. "Prosocial behavior toward machines." Current Opinion in Psychology 43 (February 2022): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.08.004.

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DONG, Mengchen, Song WU, Yijie ZHU, Yafei GUO, and Shenghua JIN. "Religion and Prosocial Behavior." Advances in Psychological Science 23, no. 6 (2015): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2015.01095.

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Corcos, Anne, and Yorgos Rizopoulos. "Is prosocial behavior egocentric?" Économie et Institutions, no. 16 (March 30, 2011): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ei.76.

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Baldassarri, Delia, and Maria Abascal. "Diversity and prosocial behavior." Science 369, no. 6508 (September 3, 2020): 1183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2432.

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Immigration and globalization have spurred interest in the effects of ethnic diversity in Western societies. Most scholars focus on whether diversity undermines trust, social capital, and collective goods provision. However, the type of prosociality that helps heterogeneous societies function is different from the in-group solidarity that glues homogeneous communities together. Social cohesion in multiethnic societies depends on whether prosocial behavior extends beyond close-knit networks and in-group boundaries. We identify two features of modern societies—social differentiation and economic interdependence—that can set the stage for constructive interactions with dissimilar others. Whether societal adaptations to diversity lead toward integration or division depends on the positions occupied by minorities and immigrants in the social structure and economic system, along with the institutional arrangements that determine their political inclusion.

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Bartlett, Monica Y., and David DeSteno. "Gratitude and Prosocial Behavior." Psychological Science 17, no. 4 (April 2006): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01705.x.

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Bénabou, Roland, and Jean Tirole. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior." American Economic Review 96, no. 5 (November 1, 2006): 1652–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.5.1652.

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We develop a theory of prosocial behavior that combines heterogeneity in individual altruism and greed with concerns for social reputation or self-respect. Rewards or punishments (whether material or image-related) create doubt about the true motive for which good deeds are performed, and this “overjustification effect” can induce a partial or even net crowding out of prosocial behavior by extrinsic incentives. We also identify the settings that are conducive to multiple social norms and, more generally, those that make individual actions complements or substitutes, which we show depends on whether stigma or honor is (endogenously) the dominant reputational concern. Finally, we analyze the socially optimal level of incentives and how monopolistic or competitive sponsors depart from it. Sponsor competition is shown to potentially reduce social welfare.

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Goldstein, Jacob. "Prosocial and antisocial behavior." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 8, no. 4 (2002): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac0804_08.

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Penner., Louis A., John F. Dovidio., Jane A. Piliavin., and David A. Schroeder. "Prosocial Behavior: Multilevel Perspectives." Annual Review of Psychology 56, no. 1 (February 2005): 365–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070141.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Prosocial behavior'

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