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Journal articles on the topic 'Prosopis velutina'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Hahne, Kathryn S., and Ursula K. Schuch*. "Nitrogen Requirement of Prosopis velutina Seedlings." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 818B—818. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.818b.

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The objective of this study was to determine whether mesquite (Prosopis velutina) seedlings have a preference for the ammonia or nitrate form of nitrogen (N), and to determine the optimum rate of N to maximize growth and minimize N leaching when seedlings are grown in different substrates. Mesquite seedlings were fertigated with different ratios of NH4+: NO3- to determine effects on shoot and root growth and N-uptake efficiency. Nutrient solution containing 67% NH4+ : 33% NO3- resulted in greatest biomass after 120 days of fertigation. N leachate remained stable until 12 weeks after the onset of treatment, but increased significantly by week 16. Subsequently, mesquite seedlings were grown in sand or soilless media and were fertigated with a solution of 67 % NH4+: 33% NO3- at a rate of 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg·L-1 of N. After 60 days, plants in media produced 41% more leaves and total biomass compared to those in sand. Leaf number was greatest for plants grown at 200 mg·L-1 of N in both substrates. Root biomass of plants in media showed no response to increasing N concentrations while root biomass of seedlings in sand were similar for the three lower N concentrations and nearly doubled for the highest one. Shoot biomass of seedlings receiving 25, 50, or 100 mg·L-1 of N was similar, but more than doubled for plants fertigated with 200 mg·L-1 of N. N leachate losses were highest from seedlings growing in sand and receiving the two higher N fertigations, those in media had greatest N leachate loss when fertigated at 200 mg·L-1 of N. For balanced mesquite seedling growth and minimum N leaching losses, concentrations between 50 to 100 mg·L-1 of N are recommended. Implications of using a sand culture system vs. soilless growing substrate for nutrition studies will be discussed.
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2

Chojnacky, D. C. "Growth prediction for Arizona's mesquite (Prosopis velutina) woodlands." Forest Ecology and Management 42, no. 3-4 (August 1991): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90031-p.

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3

Ramírez-Rojo, Margarita Irene, Rey David Vargas-Sánchez, Javier Hernández-Martínez, Evelin Martínez-Benavidez, José Jesús Sánchez-Escalante, Gastón Ramon Torrescano-Urrutia, and Armida Sánchez-Escalante. "ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE EXTRACTOS DE HOJA DE MEZQUITE (Prosopis velutina)." Biotecnia 21, no. 1 (December 23, 2018): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v21i1.821.

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El mezquite (Prosopis velutina) es una planta tradicionalmente utilizada por el hombre y animales como alimento en ciertas regiones de México. Además, también es considerada medicinal debido a que posee ciertas propiedades biológicas, las cuales son atribuidas a la presencia de fitoquímicos como los compuestos fenólicos. El objetivo fue evaluar la composición y actividad antioxidante de extractos de hoja de mezquite obtenidos con diferentes solventes. Los extractos se obtuvieron utilizando como solventes de extracción, agua (EAM), etanol y agua (1:1) (EAEM) y etanol (EEM); una vez obtenidos se evaluaron determinando presencia de posibles compuestos tóxicos (alcaloides, cianógenos y saponinas); el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales (CFT y CFvT); así como la actividad antioxidante de los extractos mediante la inhibición del radical DPPH• y el poder reductor (FRAP). Los resultados mostraron que en los extractos no se encontró la presencia de compuestos tóxicos; que los valores más altos de rendimiento de extracción fueron para el EAEM (21.4%); y que el mayor CFT y CFvT (> 50 mg/g), así como la actividad antioxidante la presentó el EEM (34%). Por lo que, el EEM pudiera ser utilizado como aditivo en la industria farmacéutica o como ingrediente en la formulación de alimentos.
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4

López-Franco, Yolanda L., Ana M. Calderón de la Barca, Miguel A. Valdez, Martin G. Peter, Marguerite Rinaudo, Gérard Chambat, and Francisco M. Goycoolea. "Structural Characterization of Mesquite (Prosopis velutina) Gum and its Fractions." Macromolecular Bioscience 8, no. 8 (August 11, 2008): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.200700285.

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5

Comole, Alvino Abraham, Pieter Willem Malan, and Makuété André Patrick Tiawoun. "Effects of Prosopis velutina Invasion on Soil Characteristics along the Riverine System of the Molopo River in North-West Province, South Africa." International Journal of Ecology 2021 (March 3, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6681577.

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Invasive alien plants are one of the major threats to ecosystems. Many invasive plant species, such as Prosopis species, have been introduced around the world and can alter the soil properties of invaded ecosystems. It is one of the most aggressive invasive plant invaders in the North-West Province of South Africa, but little information is available about their influence on soil properties. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Prosopis velutina invasion on selected soil properties at five different sites along the riverine system of the Molopo River in North West Province. At each study site, soil characteristics were measured from soil samples taken under P. velutina canopies, between canopies and in the benchmark stands free of Prosopis species. The effect on selected soil properties of P. velutina invasion varied between the three stands and between sites. In all the sites, almost all soils collected from under the canopies had a significantly higher soil exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, and Na, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), Electrical conductivity (EC), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) than the other sample positions, except for the pH which had the high value in intercanopies. Significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) values of almost all soil properties were found on the densely invaded sites (Tshidilamolomo I and Tshidilamolomo II) compared to lightly invaded sites (Mabule, Black Heat Farm, and Bray). However, it was difficult to generalise as the effects often appear to be site-specific. In addition, the findings also indicated that soils textural classes ranged between sand, silt, and clay in all study sites with a higher proportion of sand in the benchmark than in the soil under the canopies and intercanopies. Soil characteristics differed significantly more between sites than among positions. The site effects observed in this current study provide evidences that this species may occupy a relatively broad soil niche.
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6

Bessega, Cecilia, Beatriz O. Saidman, and Juan C. Vilardi. "Isozyme and RAPD studies in Prosopis glandulosa and P. Velutina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae)." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 3 (September 2000): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000300024.

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Allozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques have been compared for their usefulness for genetic and taxonomic studies in Prosopis glandulosa and P. velutina populations. Isozymes and RAPDs yielded similarly high estimates of genetic variability. Genetic structure and differentiation were analyzed through non-hierarchical Wright's F DT. For all populations considered, both markers produced low gene flow (Nm < 1) estimates. When only P. glandulosa populations were analyzed, isozyme data yielded higher gene flow estimates (Nm > 1), in agreement with that expected for conspecific populations. However, in RAPD data the expected reduction in F DT and the increase in Nm were not observed. Correlation between F DT and geographical distance matrices (Mantel test) for all populations was significant (P = 0.02) when based on isozymes, but not so (P = 0.33) when based on RAPDs. No significant associations among genetic and geographical or climatic variables were observed. Two isoenzyme systems (GOT and PRX) enabled us to distinguish between P. glandulosa and P. velutina, but no diagnostic band for recognition of populations or species studied here were detected by RAPD. However, RAPD markers showed higher values for genetic differentiation among conspecific populations of P. glandulosa and a lower coefficient of variation than those obtained from isozymes.
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7

Hahne, Kathryn S., and Ursula K. Schuch. "Nitrogen Form and Concentration Affect Nitrogen Leaching and Seedling Growth of Prosopis velutina." HortScience 41, no. 1 (February 2006): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.1.239.

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Velvet mesquite [Prosopis velutina Woot., Syn.: P. juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. velutina (Woot.) Sarg.] has become more popular in arid landscapes of the southwestern U.S., but little information on N requirements during the seedling stage is available. In addition to optimize growth of seedlings, minimizing N in runoff during production is an important consideration. Experiments were conducted to determine how biomass production and N leaching were affected first by different ratios of ammonium and nitrate N in sand culture and second by different N concentrations when seedlings were grown in two substrates. Mesquite seedlings produced the greatest biomass after 120 days when fertigated with a solution of 33 NO3–: 67 NH4+. Loss of N through leachate was 40% greater when NH + 4 comprised two thirds or more compared to one third or none in the fertigation solution. Nitrogen in leachate was highest after 16 weeks of treatment, coinciding with the reduced growth rate of seedlings. The second experiment utilized either sand or commercial growing media and a fertigation solution of 33 NO3–: 67 NH4+. Fertigation with 200 mg·L–1 N after 60 days in either substrate produced greatest biomass, while rates of 25, 50, or 100 mg·L–1 N produced about half of that biomass. With few exceptions, less N in either form was found in leachate when seedlings were grown in media and were fertigated with the two higher N rates compared to seedlings grown in sand at the two higher N rates. Plant morphology, biomass accumulation, photosynthate allocation, and the fate of N in the growing substrate and in leachate were strongly affected by the choice of growing substrate.
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8

Huerta-Ocampo, José Ángel, Lino Gerardo Batista-Roche, Martha Beatriz Morales-Amparano, María del Refugio Robles-Burgueño, Gabriela Ramos-Clamont Montfort, Luz Vázquez-Moreno, Fernando Ramírez-Jiménez, and Luis M. Terán. "Identification of Allergenic Proteins in Velvet Mesquite (Prosopis velutina) Pollen: An Immunoproteomics Approach." Life 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091421.

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Velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina) is a native legume of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, contributing significantly to the desert ecosystem and playing key ecological roles. It is also an important cause of allergic respiratory disease widely distributed in the Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Mojave Deserts. However, no allergens from velvet mesquite pollen have been identified to date. Pollen proteins were extracted and analyzed by one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting using a pool of 11 sera from mesquite-sensitive patients as the primary antibody. IgE-recognized protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis. Twenty-four unique proteins, including proteins well known as pollen, food, airway, or contact allergens and four proteins not previously reported as pollen allergens, were identified. This is the first report on allergenic proteins in velvet mesquite pollen. These findings will contribute to the development of specific diagnosis and treatment of mesquite pollen allergy.
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9

Stromberg, Juliet C., Scott D. Wilkins, and James A. Tress. "Vegetation-Hydrology Models: Implications for Management of Prosopis Velutina (Velvet Mesquite) Riparian Ecosystems." Ecological Applications 3, no. 2 (May 1993): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941833.

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10

Matheson, Nancy R., and James Travis. "Purification and Characterization of a Novel Peptidase (IImes) from Mesquite (Prosopis velutina) Pollen." Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, no. 27 (July 3, 1998): 16771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.273.27.16771.

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11

Keys, Roy N., Stephen L. Buchmann, and Steven E. Smith. "Pollination Effectiveness and Pollination Efficiency of Insects Foraging Prosopis velutina in South-Eastern Arizona." Journal of Applied Ecology 32, no. 3 (August 1995): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404649.

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12

Snyder, K. A., and D. G. Williams. "Defoliation alters water uptake by deep and shallow roots of Prosopis velutina (Velvet Mesquite)." Functional Ecology 17, no. 3 (June 2003): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2003.00739.x.

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13

Resco de Dios, Víctor, Jake F. Weltzin, Wei Sun, Travis E. Huxman, and David G. Williams. "Windows of opportunity for Prosopis velutina seedling establishment and encroachment in a semiarid grassland." Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 14, no. 4 (August 2012): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2012.03.002.

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14

Vargas-Sánchez, Rey David, María Cristina Peñalba-Garmendia, José Jesús Sánchez-Escalante, Gastón Ramón Torrescano-Urrutia, and Armida Sánchez-Escalante. "Pollen profile of propolis produced on the eastern edge of the Sonoran Desert in central Sonora, Mexico." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 114 (January 1, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm114.2016.1103.

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Se colectaron ocho muestras de propóleos de la región oriental del Desierto Sonorense en dos sitios (Pueblo de Álamos y Rancho Viejo, ubicados en Ures, Sonora, México) durante dos épocas del año (invierno y verano, 2012 y 2013) y fueron analizadas utilizando métodos palinológicos con el fin de determinar qué plantas fueron visitadas por las abejas para recolectar materia prima (resina, cera y polen) para formar los propóleos. El análisis polínico identificó un total de 42 tipos de polen. Seis muestras de propóleos fueron biflorales (muestras de verano e invierno) y dos multiflorales (muestras de invierno). Mimosa distachya var. laxiflora y Prosopis velutina fueron considerados los tipos polínicos característicos, con 15 a 45% de los conjuntos polínicos totales.
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15

Rodríguez Anda, Raúl, Alejandra María Ramírez Arango, Hilda Palacios Juárez, Francisco Javier Fuentes Talavera, José Antonio Silva Guzmán, and Alma Rosa Saucedo Corona. "Características anatómicas, físico-mecánicas y de maquinado de la madera de mezquite (Prosopis velutina Wooton)." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales 6, no. 28 (March 21, 2018): 156–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v6i28.257.

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Las características anatómicas, físico-mecánicas y de maquinado de la madera de mezquite (Prosopis velutina) fueron determinadas. Se recolectaron en el estado de Sonora cinco trozas de dos metros a partir del tocón. El estudio anatómico se efectuó conforme a lo estipulado por la IAWA. Las propiedades físico-mecánicas se evaluaron de acuerdo a las normas DIN. El maquinado se efectuó de forma manual y para la evaluación de la superficie se tomó como base la norma ASTM D 1666-87. La madera presentó porosidad difusa a semianular. Duramen con abundantes depósitos de color ámbar en vasos, parénquima axial y radial. Longitud y espesor promedio de fibras de 863 μm y 4.3 μm. Parénquima paratraqueal aliforme, confluente de alas anchas. Radios medulares homocelulares. Cristales prismáticos abundantes en cámaras de parénquima axial. Densidad básica de la madera muy alta (0.79 g cm-3) y con buena estabilidad dimensional. La resistencia a la flexión se clasificó como media (17 N mm-2), y bajo módulo de elasticidad (1 232 N mm-2). En resistencia a la compresión longitudinal se clasificó como muy alta (87 N mm-2), y el módulo de elasticidad bajo (1 915 N mm-2). La resistencia al impacto es regular (51 kJ m-2). Al cizallamiento se considera como dura (19 N mm-2). La dureza Brinell se califica como muy alta (tangencial 72 y radial 73 N mm-2, longitudinal 96 N mm-2). Buena respuesta al encolado (Nivel 5; 7 N mm-2). Su maquinado se califica como bueno, por lo que se deben utilizar herramientas de corte provistas con pastillas de carburo de tungsteno.
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16

Cox, Jerry R., Abraham De Alba-Avila, Richard W. Rice, and Justin N. Cox. "Biological and Physical Factors Influencing Acacia constricta and Prosopis velutina Establishment in the Sonoran Desert." Journal of Range Management 46, no. 1 (January 1993): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4002446.

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17

Tiawoun, Makuété A. P., Pieter W. Malan, and Alvino A. Comole. "Effects of Soil Properties on the Distribution of Woody Plants in Communally Managed Rangelands in Ngaka Modiri Molema District, North-West Province, South Africa." Ecologies 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecologies3030027.

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Soil properties are important drivers of species distribution and community structure in grassland. This study was undertaken to assess the influence of soil properties on woody plant distribution around six selected communally managed rangelands in the District. At each communal rangeland, a total of 25 plots of 20 × 20 m were surveyed to record the density, frequency, and composition of woody species. Soil samples were collected for thirteen soil variables. A Tukey HSD (Tukey’s honestly significant difference) post hoc test was used to compare soil properties and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to relate the soil properties to the woody species distribution. The study recorded a total of 17 woody species in 9 families. Fabaceae was the most dominant family, and Senegalia mellifera was the most abundant and frequent encroaching species. Most of the species were native, whereas Prosopis velutina was the only invasive alien species recorded. Senegalia mellifera, P. velutina, and Terminalia sericea were considered the most encroaching in the study sites, with densities exceeding 2000 TE ha-1 (i.e., tree equivalent). CCA results exhibited the strong effect of soil variables on the distribution of woody plant species. CCA ordination analyses showed that K was the most influential soil variable on woody species distributions, followed by Mg, CEC, Na, pH, sand, clay and silt. In terms of woody distribution, the CCA diagram showed similarities between Disaneng, Logageng and Tshidilamolomo. This study provides baseline information on woody species diversity for future management of this ecosystem.
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18

THROOP, HEATHER L., and STEVEN R. ARCHER. "Shrub (Prosopis velutina ) encroachment in a semidesert grassland: spatial-temporal changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools." Global Change Biology 14, no. 10 (May 27, 2008): 2420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01650.x.

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19

Rosa, Guadalupe De La, Martha Laura Lopez Moreno, Jose A. Hernandez Viezcas, Milka O. Montes, Jose R. Peralta Videa, and Jorge L. Gardea Torresdey. "Toxicity and biotransformation of ZnO nanoparticles in the desert plants Prosopis juliflora-velutina, Salsola tragus and Parkinsonia florida." International Journal of Nanotechnology 8, no. 6/7 (2011): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2011.040190.

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20

SUN, WEI, VÍCTOR RESCO, and DAVID G. WILLIAMS. "Diurnal and seasonal variation in the carbon isotope composition of leaf dark-respired CO2in velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina)." Plant, Cell & Environment 32, no. 10 (October 2009): 1390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02006.x.

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21

Resco, Víctor, Brent E. Ewers, Wei Sun, Travis E. Huxman, Jake F. Weltzin, and David G. Williams. "Drought-induced hydraulic limitations constrain leaf gas exchange recovery after precipitation pulses in the C3 woody legume, Prosopis velutina." New Phytologist 181, no. 3 (November 20, 2008): 672–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02687.x.

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22

Flores-Tavizón, Edith, Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka-Matlala, José T. Elizalde Galindo, Hiram Castillo-Michelle, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, and Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey. "Magnetic field effect on growth, arsenic uptake, and total amylolytic activity on mesquite (Prosopis juliflora x P. velutina) seeds." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 7 (April 2012): 07B321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3676241.

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23

Mokgalaka-Matlala, Ntebogeng S., Edith Flores-Tavizón, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, and Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey. "Toxicity of Arsenic (III) and (V) on Plant Growth, Element Uptake, and Total Amylolytic Activity of Mesquite (Prosopis JulifloraxP. Velutina)." International Journal of Phytoremediation 10, no. 1 (February 13, 2008): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226510701827069.

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24

Mortazavi, Saideh, and James M. Salvador. "Visualization of copper(II) in velvet mesquite (Prosopis Juliflora-Velutina) and soybeans (Glycine max) by earth field magnetic resonance imaging." Instrumentation Science & Technology 45, no. 1 (May 24, 2016): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739149.2016.1190374.

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25

Hernandez-Viezcas, J. A., H. Castillo-Michel, A. D. Servin, J. R. Peralta-Videa, and J. L. Gardea-Torresdey. "Spectroscopic verification of zinc absorption and distribution in the desert plant Prosopis juliflora-velutina (velvet mesquite) treated with ZnO nanoparticles." Chemical Engineering Journal 170, no. 2-3 (June 2011): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.021.

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26

Adaskaveg, James E., and Robert L. Gilbertson. "In vitro decay studies of selective delignification and simultaneous decay by the white rot fungi Ganoderma lucidum and G. tsugae." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 1611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-217.

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The in vitro wood decay abilities of Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt.: Fr.) Karst. and G. tsugae Murr. were studied using the following woods in agar block decay chambers: Vitis vinifera L., Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus, Prosopis velutina Woot., Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex. Hildebr., and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Grape wood lost the most weight while mesquite the least. Ganoderma lucidum isolates generally caused greater weight loss of all woods than did G. tsugae isolates. The range of the percent weight losses varied with the wood. Both Ganoderma species caused simultaneous decay in all woods. However, chemical analyses of the decayed blocks indicated that selective delignification by both species also occurred in grape and white fir blocks. Chemical analysis of the decayed oak blocks indicated the percentages of lignin and holocellulose were not statistically different from the controls. However, there was a trend towards delignification. The analyses of the Douglas-fir blocks indicated only simultaneous decay. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated selective delignification and simultaneous decay of all woods tested. However, the extent of the delignification differed among the wood species. Delignification appeared mainly in areas of tracheids or fiber tracheids, while the rays were simultaneously decayed.
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McClaran, M. P., C. R. McMurtry, and S. R. Archer. "A tool for estimating impacts of woody encroachment in arid grasslands: Allometric equations for biomass, carbon and nitrogen content in Prosopis velutina." Journal of Arid Environments 88 (January 2013): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.08.015.

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28

Celestian, Sarah, and Chris Martin. "Effects of Parking Lot Location on Size and Physiology of Four Southwestern U.S. Landscape Trees." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 31, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2005.024.

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This study evaluated effects of two parking lot landscape locations on size and physiology of four regionally common landscape tree species. Tree size measurements were made during August 2001 and 2002 and tree gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were measured during April and August 2002. Trees were mostly smaller and leaf gas exchange fluxes were lower for Australian bottle tree (Brachychiton populenus Schott & Endl.), Arizona ash (Fraxinus velutina Torr.), and Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.) located within narrow landscaped medians surrounded by asphalt compared with similarly aged trees in large landscaped areas along the parking lot perimeters. In contrast, parking lot location had no statistical effect on size of Argentine mesquite (Prosopis alba Griebach) except for diameter at breast height, which was significantly less for trees in the landscaped medians in 2002. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations of all trees located in landscaped medians were lower than those of trees within surrounding landscaped perimeter areas except for Australian bottle tree, which had higher significantly leaf chlorophyll concentration during April when located in landscaped medians. Based on these results, Argentine mesquite appears to be the best of these four tree species for use in commercial parking lot landscapes because its growth and physiological function were least affected by parking lot location.
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29

Van Devender, Thomas R. "Holocene Vegetation and Climate in the Puerto Blanco Mountains, Southwestern Arizona." Quaternary Research 27, no. 1 (January 1987): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90049-4.

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AbstractPlant macrofossils from 21 pack rat (Neotoma sp.) middens at 535–605 m from the Puerto Blanco Mountains, southwestern Arizona, provide and excellent history of vegetation and climate for the last 14, 120 yr B.P. in the Sonoran Desert. A late Wisconsin juniper-Joshua tree woodland gave way to a transitional early Holocene desertscrub with sparse Juniperus californica (California juniper) by 10,540 yr B.P. Important Sonoran Desert plants including Carnegiea gigantea (saguaro) and Encelia farinosa (brittle bush) were dominants. Riparian trees such as Acacia greggii (catclaw acacia), Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite), and Cerdicium floridum (blue palo verde) grew on dry, south-facing slopes in a middle Holocene Sonoran desertscrub in a warm, wet summer climate with frequent winter freezes. Modern subtropical Sonoran desertscrub formed about 4000 yr B.P. as summer rainfall and winter freezes declined. Cercidium microphyllum (foothills palo verde), Sapium biloculare (Mexican jumping bean), Olneya tesota (ironwood) and Stenocereus thurberi (organ pipe cactus) became dominant as riparian trees retreated to wash habitats. The inferences of a latest Wisconsin/early Holocene summer monsoonal maximum by J. E. Kutzbach (1983), Modeling of Holocene climates. In “Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States,” Vol. 2, “The Holocene” (H. E. Wright, Ed.), pp. 271–277. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis) are not supported for the Southwest. Apparently the persistence of late Wisconsin circulation patterns offset any increases in insolation.
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Acuña-Acosta, Delia Marina, Alejandro E. Castellanos-Villegas, José Manuel Llano-Sotelo, and José Raúl Romo-León. "Respuestas de los atributos fotosintéticos y estequiométricos a la aridez en las especies y tipos funcionales de dos comunidades del desierto sonorense." Botanical Sciences 99, no. 2 (February 14, 2021): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2708.

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Antecedentes: Las plantas de zonas secas han desarrollado adaptaciones para el uso eficiente del agua (UEA), aunque la limitación de nutrientes y exceso de irradiancia también afectan su desempeño. Altas tasas de fotosíntesis y contenido de nitrógeno foliar reportado previamente parecen contradecir la alta UEA en sus especies y comunidades. Preguntas: ¿Cómo son los atributos foliares ecofisiológicos y estequiométricos en especies desérticas? ¿Favorecen las especies desérticas la mayor eficiencia en el uso del agua y/o nutrientes? Especies de estudio: Calliandra eriophylla, Cercidium microphyllum, Encelia farinosa, Eysenhardtia orthocarpa, Fouquieria diguetii, Fouquieria macdougalii, Ipomoea arborescens, Jatropha cardiophylla, Jatropha cordata, Larrea tridentata, Mimosa laxiflora, Olneya tesota y Prosopis velutina. Sitio y años de estudio: Desierto Sonorense, Región central de Sonora, México. Agosto- septiembre de 2019. Métodos: Se midieron y analizaron atributos ecofisiológicos y estequiométricos foliares en especies y tipos funcionales de dos comunidades. Resultados: Se encontró mayor variabilidad en atributos fotosintéticos y de la fluorescencia que en la composición elemental y cocientes estequiométricos. Las especies en el sitio árido mostraron tendencias de mayores tasas fotosintéticas e integridad fotoquímica y baja UEA. En la comunidad semiárida los atributos foliares se asociaron con mayor composición elemental (Nmass, Pmass), menores cocientes estequiométricos y eficiencia de uso de nitrógeno (EUN). Conclusiones: Los atributos foliares de las especies y tipos funcionales del Desierto Sonorense se correlacionaron con los mecanismos de fotoprotección y no las eficiencias de uso de recursos instantáneas, privilegiando la ganancia de C a largo plazo.
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Turpin-Jelfs, Thomas, Katerina Michaelides, Joel A. Biederman, and Alexandre M. Anesio. "Soil nitrogen response to shrub encroachment in a degrading semi-arid grassland." Biogeosciences 16, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-369-2019.

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Abstract. Transitions from grass- to shrub-dominated states in drylands by woody plant encroachment represent significant forms of land cover change with the potential to alter the spatial distribution and cycling of soil resources. Yet an understanding of how this phenomenon impacts the soil nitrogen pool, which is essential to primary production in arid and semi-arid systems, is poorly resolved. In this study, we quantified how the distribution and speciation of soil nitrogen, as well as rates of free-living biological nitrogen fixation, changed along a gradient of increasing mesquite (Prosopis velutina Woot.) cover in a semi-arid grassland of the southwestern US. Our results show that site-level concentrations of total nitrogen remain unchanged with increasing shrub cover as losses from inter-shrub areas (sum of grass and bare-soil cover) are proportional to increases in soils under shrub canopies. However, despite the similar carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and microbial biomass of soil from inter-shrub and shrub areas at each site, site-level concentrations of inorganic nitrogen increase with shrub cover due to the accumulation of ammonium and nitrate in soils beneath shrub canopies. Using the acetylene reduction assay technique, we found increasing ratios of inorganic nitrogen to bioavailable phosphorus inhibit rates of biological nitrogen fixation by free-living soil bacteria. Overall, these results provide a greater insight into how grassland-to-shrubland transitions influence the soil N pool through associated impacts on the soil microbial biomass.
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Sosa-Castañeda, Jesús, Carmen Guadalupe Manzanarez-Quin, Ramón Dolores Valdez-Domínguez, Cristina Ibarra-Zazueta, Reyna Fabiola Osuna-Chávez, Edgar Omar Rueda-Puente, Carlos Gabriel Hernández-Moreno, et al. "Actividad antimicrobiana de plantas nativas de Sonora, México, contra bacterias patógenas aisladas de leche de vacas diagnosticadas con mastitis." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 13, no. 2 (May 16, 2022): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v13i2.6017.

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La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad causada por bacterias patógenas que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero, lo cual genera pérdidas económicas importantes, además, debido al uso excesivo de antibióticos para tratar esta enfermedad, los microorganismos han creado resistencia a estos fármacos, por ello, se buscan nuevas alternativas para este fin. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de extractos de plantas nativas de Sonora contra bacterias patógenas aisladas de vacas diagnosticadas con mastitis. Se obtuvieron 17 extractos etanólicos de plantas nativas de Sonora, y se evaluó su actividad antimicrobiana por el método de difusión en agar contra siete patógenos aislados de leche de vacas con mastitis utilizando una concentración de 50 mg/ml de cada extracto. El contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales se determinó mediante espectrofotometría. Los resultados mostraron que los extractos de Ibervillea sonorae (wereke, tubérculo), Populus alba (álamo, hojas), Ambrosia ambrosioides (chicura, tallos), Krameria sonorae (cosahui, raíces) y Prosopis velutina (mezquite, hojas) fueron eficaces para eliminar a S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. y Citrobacter spp. (P<0.05). Además, los extractos con alto contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales (wereke, álamo, chicura, cosahui y mezquite) mostraron una correlación inversa con respecto al pH (r = -0.94, r = -0.92, respectivamente) (P<0.05) y presentaron mayor actividad antimicrobiana contra los patógenos probados. Por lo anterior, los extractos de las plantas de Sonora podrían representar una alternativa para el control de patógenos Gram (+) y Gram (-) que infectan la glándula mamaria del ganado lechero.
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SUN, WEI, VÍCTOR RESCO, and DAVID G. WILLIAMS. "Environmental and physiological controls on the carbon isotope composition of CO2 respired by leaves and roots of a C3 woody legume (Prosopis velutina) and a C4 perennial grass (Sporobolus wrightii)." Plant, Cell & Environment 35, no. 3 (October 24, 2011): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02436.x.

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34

Mudau, Humbelani Silas, Hilda Kwena Mokoboki, Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali, and Zimbili Mkhize. "Effect of Soil Type: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phytochemicals in Some Browse Species Leaves Found in Savannah Biome of South Africa." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051462.

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In semi-arid regions, browse plant species are used as feed and for medicinal purposes for both animals and humans. The limitation of the utilization of these species to medicinal purposes or as feed for livestock is a lack of knowledge on the concentration level of phytochemicals and other bioactive compounds found in these plants. The study sought to assay the qualitative and quantitative bioactive constituents of some browse species found in the savannah biome of South Africa, viz. Adansonia digitate, Androstachys johnsonii, Balanites maughamii, Berchemia discolor, Berchemia zeyheri, Bridelia mollis hutch, Carissa edulis, Catha edulis, Colophospermum mopane, Combretum Imberbe, Combretum molle, Combretum collinum, Dalbergia melanoxylon, Dichrostachys cinerea, Diospros lycioides, Diospyros mespiliformis, Euclea divinorum, Flueggea virosa, Grewia flava, Grewia flavescens, Grewia monticola, Grewia occidentalis, Melia azedarach, Peltophorum africanum, Prosopis velutina, Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia, Pterocarpus rotundifolius, Schinus molle, Schotia brachypetala, Sclerocarya birrea, Searsia lancea, Searsia leptodictya, Searsia pyroides, Senegalia caffra, Senegalia galpinii, Senegalia mellifera, Senegalia nigrescens, Senegalia polyacantha, Strychnos madagascariensis, Terminalia sericea, Trichilia emetic, Vachellia erioloba, Vachellia hebeclada, Vachellia karroo, Vachellia nilotica, Vachellia nilotica subsp. Kraussiana, Vachellia rechmanniana, Vachellia robusta, Vachellia tortilis, Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana, Vangueria infausta, and Ziziphus mucronata. These browse species’ leaf samples were harvested from two provinces (Limpopo and North-West) of South Africa. The Limpopo province soil type was Glenrosa, Mispah, and Lithosols (GM-L), and the soil types in the North-West Province were Aeolian Kalahari Sand, Clovelly, and Hutton (AKS-CH). The harvested browse samples were air dried at room temperature for about seven days and ground for analysis. The methanol and distilled water extracts of the browse species leaves showed the presence of common phytoconstituents, including saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, cardio glycosides, terpenoids, and phlobatannins, as major active compounds in browse species leaves. In the quantitative analysis, phytochemical compounds, such as soluble phenols, insoluble tannins, and condensed tannins, were quantified for common species found in both sites. Two-way ANOVA and multivariate analysis were used to test soil type and species effect on soluble phenols, insoluble tannins, and condensed tannins of woody species. Dichrostachys cinerea (0.1011% DM) in GM-L soil type and Z. mucronata (0.1009% DM) in AKS-CH soil type showed the highest (p < 0.05) concentration of soluble phenols. In AKS-CH soil type, D. cinerea (0.0453% DM) had the highest insoluble tannins concentration, while V. hebeclada had the lowest (0.0064% DM) insoluble tannins content. Vacchelia hebeclada had lower (p < 0.05) condensed tannins concentration levels than all other browse plants in both soil types. Under multivariate analysis tests, there was a significant effect (p < 0.001) of soil type, species, and soil type x species interaction on soluble phenols, insoluble tannins, and condensed tannins of woody species. In this study, most of the woody species found in GM-L soil type showed a lower amount of tannins than those harvested in AKS-CH soil type. There is a need to identify the amount of unquantified phytochemicals contained in these browse species and valorize the high-bioactive-compound browse species to enhance and maximize browsing of these browse species for animal production.
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35

"Prosopis alba x Prosopis velutina." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.44421.

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36

Pasiecznik, N. "Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite)." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.44457.

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This datasheet on Prosopis velutina covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Management, Genetics and Breeding, Economics, Further Information.
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"Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite)." PlantwisePlus Knowledge Bank Species Pages (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pwkb.species.44457.

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38

Rutherford, William A., and Steven R. Archer. "Trait responses of a grassland shrub invader to altered moisture regimes." Plant and Soil, September 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05678-w.

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Abstract Purpose We sought to identify plant traits important for initial establishment of a globally invasive shrub, Prosopis spp. (mesquite), by quantifying morphological and ecophysiological responses of seedlings to contrasting moisture regimes. Our model plant was Prosopis velutina, a prominent invader of North American semi-desert grasslands. Methods Seedlings received one of three watering levels corresponding to regional ‘ambient’ (100%), ‘dry’ (−65%; 65% reduction of ambient), and ‘wet’ (+165%; 65% increase above ambient) growing season precipitation regimes. A total of 32 plant performance (e.g., biomass and growth) and functional (e.g., morphological and physiological) traits were assessed when seedlings reached 11- and 22-days old. Results Germination under dry conditions was high (72%) and only slightly reduced compared to ambient and wet conditions with subsequent seedling survival unaffected. High trait variation enabled early recruitment over the range of soil moisture conditions, including extreme drought. Root volume, surface area, tips, tap root length, and leaf length functional traits were top predictors of seedling performance, with fresh weight, absolute growth rate, and root mass secondarily contributing to establishment. Conclusion No physiological functional traits were significant in predicting performance or discriminating between moisture regimes; suggesting morphological traits for maintaining metabolic and hydraulic function are key to early establishment. Dry conditions reduced germination and slowed P. velutina seedling growth but did not prevent early establishment. Thus, recruitment of certain dryland shrubs may not be episodic with respect to above-average rainfall. Indeed, early recruitment of P. velutina and functionally similar species can potentially occur even in moisture conditions well below-average.
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39

Ochoa-Meza, Andrés, Cristina Montiel-GonzálezCristina, Jesús del Rosario Ruelas-Islas, Miguel A. Barrera-Silva, Hernán Celaya-Michel, and Ramón D. Valdez-Domínguez. "Germination and growth of the Sonoran Desert native trees under different agricultural conditions." Agro Productividad, August 29, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32854/agrop.v15i8.2089.

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Objective: To evaluate the germination, survival, and growth of Sonoran Desert native trees, in a fertile agricultural soil, with irrigation and protection against herbivory. Design/Methodology/Approach: For six months, the germination, survival, and growth of five tree species (Parkinsonia microphylla, Olneya tesota, Prosopis velutina, Guaiacum coulteri, and Parkinsonia florida) were evaluated in agricultural soil, with and without drip irrigation, avoiding herbivory. Results: The irrigated species O. tesota and P. velutina had the highest germination percentage (χ2 = 398.941, p < 0.0001). Plant survival was above 62 % (χ2 = 21.196, p < 0.0035), except for G. coulteri and P. florida without irrigation, which did not survive. At six months, P. florida recorded the greatest height (p < 0.0001), while all the species without irrigation and G. coulteri with irrigation recorded the lowest heights. Likewise, P. velutina, P. florida, and O. tesota (p < 0.0001) registered the greatest canopy cover at six months, while non-irrigated plants of all species and irrigated G. coulteri had the least cover. Limitations/Implications: Further agronomic studies are necessary to enable the successful establishment of commercial forest plantations, increasing knowledge about environmental problems. Findings/Conclusions: The five species of native plants studied can be established by direct sowing, in agricultural soil and with drip irrigation.
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40

"Vegetation-hydrology models: implications for management of Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite) riparian ecosystems." Biological Conservation 67, no. 3 (1994): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90657-2.

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Alvarez-Moreno, Milagros Guadalupe, Alejandro E. Castellanos, José Manuel Llano-Sotelo, José Raúl Romo-León, Kadiya del Carmen Calderón-Alvarado, and Martín Esqueda. "Eficiencia de reabsorción de nitrógeno y fósforo y sus relaciones estequiométricas durante la senescencia en especies del Desierto Sonorense." Botanical Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2732.

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Antecedentes: Nitrógeno (N) y Fósforo (P) son los nutrientes más limitantes en plantas y su eficiencia de reabsorción sugiere estrategias de conservación. La reabsorción además afecta los cocientes estequiométricos en la hojarasca, modificando las interacciones ecológicas y los ciclos biogeoquímicos en gradientes de aridez. Hipótesis: Existirá mayor eficiencia de reabsorción de nutrientes en especies de sitios con mayor aridez, por lo que esperamos que los cocientes estequiométricos de C:N y C:P sean mayores en hojas senescentes. Especies de estudio: Ipomoea arborescens, Fouquieria macdougalii, Cercidium microphyllum, Encelia farinosa, Mimosa laxiflora, Jatropha cardiophylla, Cenchrus ciliaris, Olneya tesota, Prosopis velutina, Cercidium floridum, Fouquieria splendens, Brongniartia minutifolia, Jatropha cordata, Colubrina viridis, Larrea tridentata y Cercidium praecox. Sitio de estudio y fechas: Tres sitios en un gradiente de aridez del Desierto Sonorense, en la región central de Sonora. Agosto - noviembre 2017 y 2018. Métodos: Se obtuvieron la eficiencia de reabsorción de N y P, y cocientes estequiométricos C:N, C:P y N:P en hojas verdes y senescentes de especies, comparando tipos funcionales y sitios. Resultados: La eficiencia de reabsorción disminuyó con el incremento de aridez así como los cocientes estequiométricos C:N y C:P en hojas senescentes y N:P en leguminosas. Conclusiones: La eficiencia de reabsorción no sugiere una estrategia de conservación de recursos, sin embargo, las diferencias entre tipos funcionales permitieron diferenciar estrategias ecológicas y estequiométricas, en particular las leguminosas, que ayudan a resaltar su influencia en la biogeoquímica de las zonas áridas Sonorenses y posiblemente del país.
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Matlabe, Gopolang, Hilda K. Mokoboki, Amenda N. Sebola, Cornelia K. Lebopa, Khuliso E. Ravhuhali, and Onke Hawu. "Effects of browse legume species addition on nutritional composition, fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of Opuntia cladodes silage." South African Journal of Science 118, no. 3/4 (March 29, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2022/12032.

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Forage legumes are commonly used as an absorbent additive in high-moisture silages. Thus this study was carried out to assess the nutritive value, fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of Opuntia–legume browse mixed silages. Five browse legume species (Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia mellifera, Searsia lancea, Prosopis velutina, and Grewia flava) were mixed with Opuntia cladodes. The silage mixture was formulated at a ratio of 60 Opuntia cladodes: 40 leguminous browse species and ensiled in polythene bags and kept in a laboratory for 42 days to determine chemical composition and fermentation characteristics. Silage samples were also subjected to an aerobic stability test. One-way analysis of variance in a completely randomised design was used to analyse the data. The pH values for silages made from Opuntia cladodes with L. leucocephala, A. mellifera and G. flava were lower than 4.8, which is considered an indicator of good-quality silage. The water-soluble carbohydrates content of silages made with Opuntia cladodes and S. lancea and G. flava was within the range of 8–12 g/kg dry matter, which is sufficient for good fermentation. The highest CO2 production, which signifies poor aerobic stability, was recorded for the control silage (Opuntia) compared to all Opuntia–legume mixed silage treatments. The addition of legume browse leaf-meal to Opuntia cladodes improved nutritive value, fermentation characteristics, and silage quality. Therefore, despite some limitations, Opuntia–legume browse silages, particularly Opuntia–G. Flava and Opuntia–L. leucocephala, proved to be beneficial for livestock, as they meet the nutritional requirement of a ruminant.
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