Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prosopographie – Gabon – 20e siècle'
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Nfoule, Mba Fabrice. "La haute administration au Gabon, 1956-1991 : modalités d'émergence de la classe dirigeante gabonaise." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010587.
Full textAssa-Mboulou, Léandre. "Influence catholique et pouvoir colonial au Gabon (1848-1958)." Lille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL30007.
Full textMessi, Me Nang Clotaire. "Les travailleurs des chantiers forestiers du Gabon : hybridité et invisibilité d'un culture ouvrière 1892-1962." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010508.
Full textAugé, Axel Éric. "Le recrutement social des élites politiques au Gabon : la place du lien ethnique et des autres liens." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20006.
Full textThis study is about the social recruitment of political elite in Gabon, particulary the importance of the different kinds of relationship (ethnic, professional, etc). The political elite, in that research, is the wealthy persons who occupy an high administrative position with possibility to take important political decisions. We are going to try to understand with the notion of structural constructivism how to become member of the gabonese political leading group, with social relationship, ethnic solidarity and others social links. The first result of this study is the importance of social relation. The second result of this research is the latent nature of ethnic relation. This ethnic relationship becomes stronger in political recruitment when it is coupled with another type of social links. That relationship could be family ties or friendship developed during the university years
Mebiame, Zomo Maixant Maurèle. "Le pentecôtisme d'Afrique centrale (Gabon) : stratégies d'évangélisation et conversion." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343110653.
Full textThe pentecostalism, major religious phenomenon of the turning of the 21st century, is considered in this thesis in the Gabonese context (central Africa). Established around the thirties by a French-Swiss dissident pastor of the Evangelic Mission of Paris, this Christianity immediately caused a strong interest for the indigenous people. Organized under the "Church of the Assemblies of God" historical denomination, this pentecostalism is the first French missionary undertaking abroad and the heart of the expansion of this new form of religiosity in central Africa. The thesis apprehends the socio-historical stakes of the transnationalization of this Church, which is in short a minor movement but with spectacular strategies of evangelization. This study also brings up the question of the conversion of many believers to this religion considered as a "sect" by the State, the media and a large majority of the population and the social consequences of this religious turn. The force of the pentecostalism consists in providing to his believers new forms of sociability which enable them to face the unconverted world
Boyogueno, Émile. "L'élite du Cameroun sous tutelle de la France : prosopographie du personnel politique local (1946-1960." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010681.
Full textLimete, Jonas. "Histoire traditionnelle, éducation coutumière et enseignement occidental, dans la société nzébi, au Gabon, de 1910 à 1980." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3003.
Full textThis dissertation explores the impact of Western schooling on the history and traditional education of the Nzèbi of Gabon since the introduction of colonial schools in 1910. In this three-part study, the author examines 1) Nzèbi society, education, and historical consciousness in the eve of colonization, 2) various phases in the development of formal education from 1910 to 1980, and 3) the role played by Western education on the develop of global Nzèbi society. To assess the repercussions of Western formal education on this global society, this thesis draws on a variety of materials, including oral, archival, and published sources. In particular, the author engages some key doctoral works devoted specifically to Nzèbi society. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that the history taught in schools and the one lived by the globalizing Nzèbi constitute two different worlds whose mode of articulation remains to be invented
Magnagna, Nguema Viviane. "Croissance de l'agriculture paysanne et équilibre général de l'économie gabonaise : évaluation des politiques à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010028.
Full textHaberbüsch, Sophie. "Le métier d'anthropologue : carrières, itinéraires de professionnalisation, prosopographie à partir de l'étude critique des "Dictionnaires" biographiques." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0020.
Full textMbot, Jean-Emile. "Esquisse d'une lecture anthropologique des écrits français sur le peuple du Gabon de 1839 à 1952." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H069.
Full textNyama, Abraham. "Les villages des régions de Ndendé (Gabon) et Divenié (Congo) : essai d'étude comparée de 1934 à 1995." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010568.
Full textOndo, Nguema Nicaise. "Les Institutions supérieures de contrôle des finances publiques au Gabon en référence à la Cour des comptes française au XXème siècle : approche historique et analyse du droit positif." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_ondo_nguema_n.pdf.
Full textFrench and Gabonese revenue courts are external institutions of control for public finances respectively created in 1807 and 1962. Their specific mission concerns the checking of public funds. What kind of "control" does it mean? Is this control the same in France and in Gabon? These issues constitute the very basis of our analysis and illustrate the comparative logic of our argument. Our study is all the more relevant that we are dealing with two institutions characterized by different historical social, political and administrative patterns. For instance the French Constitution of the fifth Republic acknowledges the principle of separation of powers whereas the latter was inserted into the Gabonese Constitution only in 1991 thanks to the multiparty system. We begin by situating the sphere of activity of the French and Gabonese revenue courts regarding their executive and legislative institutions. We then identify the features that make their originality. Our thesis has a clearly defined purpose: to determine the criteria and mechanisms that can or should be used by the revenue court of Gabon to improve its performance
Nnang, Ndong Léon Modeste. "Le Gabon dans la Deuxième Guerre mondiale : effort de guerre, incidences économiques et sociales, (1939-1947)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010593.
Full textPrigent, François. "Les réseaux socialistes en Bretagne des années 1930 aux années 1980." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN20040.
Full textSocialism in Brittany from 1930 to 1980 originates from the implementation of the networks and activities which are at the basis of socialism (SFIO, PSU, PS) and which revealed fractures/continuities in activist generations. The political opening in the 1930s, intensified by the strengthening of elected representatives’ networks in 1945, is different from the changes which took place in the 1960s-1970s and which lead to the emergence of the new socialist party in the context of profound changes in local society. The development of socialist networks in the 1980s is the starting point of the partisan system dominance from 2004 onwards. From sheets to files, the prosopography presents an analysis of courses, networks and identities and emphasises a characteristic of the Breton socialism, similar to an elected representatives’ social democracy.Interlinked activist networks are becoming part of plural socialist environments composed of independent subgroups. The centrality of secular identity is countered by the emergence of Christian networks. The privileged links with labour unions change according to periods, but remain consistent with the shifts in social movements. The rural block explains the frailty of the activist network in the country side, before the emergence of rural networks and progressive labour unions irrigating the activist environment. This study is in line with the views and practices of a global history, from a multiple approach: a history seen from below, a social and cultural history of politics, a history through networks, a regional political history and alocal history of socialism, a history of the elected representatives
Passy, Brice. "Esquisse théorique de la coopération franco-gabonaise de 1960 à nos jours : une aide publique au sous-développement ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010544.
Full textThe concept of development aid made its intrusion in history shortly after the Second World War. Title XIII of the constitution of October 4, 1958 outlined the policy of co-operation. The General De Gaulle intended to solve the dilemma : to fold up the Tricolour without breaking the historical bonds. However, if French legitimacy in the new partnership found legal quibbles, the ambitions which it concentrated comprised of the weakness. Engagement for the development can last « Ad vitam aeternam ». The diversity of administrative and financial instruments, as well as the multitude of actors add to confusion. The reforms of the mechanism of the co-operation did not gum yet the idea of the « changes impromptues ». The « theoretical draft of the French Gabonese co-operation since 1960 until nowadays : a public aid for the underdevelopment ? » reveals ambiguity, the dichotomy between co-operation and development. In spite of the enormous potentialities of a country from approximately 1,5 million inhabitants, the co-operation pains to bring out the Gabonese of the poverty line. They are as poor, 50 years after the independences, as they were at the time when the colonial administration passed the hand over. If the French technical aid allowed certainly a certain changing of this one, called « gabonisation », the essential of the economy in this country remains concentrated in the hands of the French where a considerable share of the French public investments passes. The importance of Gabon for France caused a co-operation of the shade where all kind of paradoxical drifts to progress perspires : underhand dealings, favoritism, misappropriation, sectarianism... monolithism
Lekoulekissa, Rodrigue. "L'électrication du Gabon, 1935-1985 : stratégies, mutations et limites." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10038.
Full textKaratha, Diba Serge. "L' université du Gabon 1959-1986 : jeu des acteurs dans sa création et sa gestione : contribuer à l'histoire culturelle de l'Afrique centrale." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10003.
Full textAmbassa, Camille. "La réforme de l'université espagnole au XVIIIe siècle : actualité des idées de Feijoo et essai d'application au système éducatif gabonais." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0277.
Full textBetween 1726 and 1760, benito jeronimo feijoo published a set of essays whose name was teatro critico universal and cartas eruditas y curiosas. There is -among the present themes- a reflection about the spanish university of his time, a reflection about the teaching, the methods used just as the teachers' and the students' attitude. This ph. D puts forward a rereading, indeed an updating of these same ideas based on current arguments. From a success of its venture depends on a possible application of the spanish monk's thought in the gabonese educational context. It obvious that the reader should take account of the necessary adaptations dues of the different context and the different time
Mampuya, Samba. "Survivance et répression de la traite négrière du Gabon au Congo de 1840 à 1880." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040131.
Full textLemesle, Hervé. "Des Yougoslaves engagés au XXe siècle : itinéraires de volontaires yougoslaves en Espagne républicaine." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010631.
Full textRivé-Lasan, Marie-Orange. "L'élite dirigeante de l'Etat sud-coréen au pouvoir de 1961 à 1992 : la constitution des réseaux vus à travers les notices biographiques." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0078.
Full textThe elite of the South Korean state in power between 1961 and 1992 ruled the country by imposing an authoritative military regime. The economic development and, since 1987, the democratic transition towards a civil regime characterize this socially explosive period. A qualitative analysis of the biographical data published in works like Who's who, which concern the 47 members of this leading elite of the State, made it possible to describe the networks of relations which exist beteween the members of this group, since their youth, for the schools ties or for the bonds established at the time of the professional beginnings. The networks mobilized at the time of the accession to power are mentioned to understand the criteria of recruitment. We also showed what occurs in the after-power period in term of networks mobilization in order to preserve an influence or a statute, to even make a professional reconversion. Besides the bonds related to education in Korea or abroad, or bonds tied at the time of the professional life, it is necessary to hold account of the blood ties, which themselves are strongly marked by the regional origin of the individuals
Moutangou, Fabrice Anicet. "Une entreprise coloniale et ses travailleurs : la Société du Haut-Ogooué et la main d'œuvre africaine (1893-1963)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949174.
Full textDesmots, André. "Le notariat rural de la seigneurie au canton : étude socio-économique et professionnelle du notaire rural : de la fin du 18e siècle jusqu'au début du 20e siècle : (les notaires de l'arrondissement de Rennes)." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20040.
Full text@This study is mainly foccussed on the " competence Ratione loci " which can be defined by the territorial competence and limits of the different notary offices in the district of Rennes. In order to show that notary offices have ruled most of transactions and that those transactions have been respected since, we collected and analyzed different notary records especially those related to " retrait lignager ". This analysis allow us to demonstrate : 1)that the law was very similar to that applicated in the other regions of France, 2)how important the notaries have been to applicate the Law. This thesis is divided in two major parts respectively describing notaries in term of social origins and professional activity. The first part is subdivided in two chapters : 1) a statistical analysis of birthplace of notaries and their social origins over the period concerned (late 18th to early 20th centuries), 2) the biography of Jacques Corbière, minister of Kings Louis XVIII and Charles X, who became Earl in 1822 and was originating from a notary family. This chapter reports his patrimony and describes Corbière during his charge of Chancellor, as a Physiocrat and his descendants. The second part dealing with notary professional activity is divided in four chapters :1)the new organization of notary functions and activities after the Law voted during the Revolution on the 25th of Ventôse year XI of the revolutionary calendar, 2)the conflicts emerging from the ambiguity of " competence Ratione Loci "this official decree which did not perfectly define the notary jurisdictions. We especially underline the conflict which has lasted fifty years between notaries who officiated in the countryside and those from the city of Rennes, 3)the analysis of the transactions supervised by notaries during the 19th century in the district of Rennes. These transactions give clues on the economical activity during this period influenced in part by the Law " competence Ratione loci ", 4)the crisis the notary activity has been through after the French Revolution and the different solutions proposed over the 19th century to get over
Ndong-Bekale, Jules Simon. "Sociohistoire du sport et des pratiques corporelles au Gabon des indépendances à nos jours." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS037/document.
Full textThe introduction of western institutional system in black francophone Africa, with the effect the arrival of new physical practices resulted in African societies of a destabilization of traditional practices. Analyses show in particular that African will start in organizing distant practices of their cultural realities. In Gabon, the colonial system introduced the practice of modern sports in the late XIXth century and organizes the teaching of PE from 1925 with the creation of a committee of physical education and military training. Traditional body practice will thus be competing with modern sports and losing their prominent status. Facing this situation, many questions structure our research: Have the Gabonese assimilate sports and modern western cultural body practices, with which playors and which institutions? Does a reappropriation process implement at the time of accession to independence? What place endued traditional practices? What conclusion can we draw from these years of initiation and practice in sport and body activities? To study this process of diffusion of sport and the terms of acculturation in Gabon, our search is based on a socio-historical approach supported by an analysis of the C.N.A.O.M archives and those of Gabon, and a series of interviews with the players of Gabonese society which may inform about the sport and traditional practices in this country.Keywords: Traditional practices, Sport, Culture, Acculturation, Gabon
Nguema, Edou Axel Gydex. "Les politiques publiques du sport et des pratiques corporelles traditionnelles au Gabon : rôle de l'Etat et implication des acteurs politiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG054.
Full textThis Phd thesis analyzes in detail the role of the Gabonese government and the implication of political players in the Gabonese sport environment. Its inquiry is then extended to the field of traditional Gabonese body practice. This research theorize a process the allow the different political player to create and reinforce their political legitimacy. It is this process that serve as a key thread which guide the main question of the work. It allows us to focus in an unique way of the Maussian gift logic, the weberian form legitimacy and the balandirian concept of theatricality which come from it. Therefore this is main field of this thesis is socio-anthropology but an historical aspect is used in order to understand and analyze the interaction and the power relationship that occure in the Gabonese poilitical and sporting environement. The data gathered are composed of picture, newspaper clipping , photo and historical archive. Many interview were also made with various representative of the Gabonese sporting field , there was also a long period of “participant observation” in the country. Its objectif was the traditional sporting and corporal activity in order to give a new insight on the way that they are used from a political perspective in the Gabonese systeme. The method of investigation was a mix between the inductive and deductive method. It show how the “théâdonlégitimatio” use sport and tractional physical activity by political player in order to increase theire legitimacy and popularity
Kalyntschuk, Mathieu. "Entre agricolisation et pastoralisation : Histoire sociale du développement agricole et de ses acteurs dans le département du Doubs, XIXe siècle – première moitié du XXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20113/document.
Full text« There is nowhere such a large number of agronomists who devote their talents and their days to discover and spread useful truths, nor such a large number of excellent works on agriculture, and there is nowhere such a large number of ignorant farmers, incapable of understanding what it would be important for them to appreciate ». Such is the panorama of French agriculture drawn up in 1821 by Désiré Ordinaire, member of the Agricultural Society of the Doubs. This picture of agricultural France with little ability to innovate – except for the great landowner agronomists – has long been fixed in the minds of researchers, who have often considered that agriculture started to develop with the high productivity of the 1960s. We believe that « agricultural development »is, however, an older process, rooted in individual or collective initiatives which were sometimes very early. After clarifying the concept of « agricultural development », we therefore seek to prove that French agriculture had already been dynamic during the nineteenth century. The example of the Doubs department enables us to study how it moved on to pastoral specialization. The analysis of the actors of the agricultural development during the 19th and 20th centuries, backed by prosopographical and micro-historical methods, allows us to throw light on the changes in agriculture, on their chronology.Finally, the monitoring of over 800 people – members of the Agricultural Society, of the country fair and consultative chambers, of the trade unions and mutual insurance companies, or else prizewinners – enables us to specify and date the periods when the agrarian elite, the actors in this development, emerged. This elite did not necessarily choose pastoral specialization, thus showing a complex relationship between agriculturalisation and pastoralization
Moutendi-Mayila, Henri Ulrich. "La prise en compte du surnaturel dans un système de droit : l'exemple du droit gabonais." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA111010.
Full textTraditional law was a legal system associated with religion where the invisible andsacred matters played key roles. The supernatural and Law mingled in some type of osmose.Law used supernaturalism as contingency on one hand on the other hand it was rejected dueto its negative aspects. The infiltration of western civilization in Gabon through the colonialsystem will build the path to establish the western legal system by pushing aside the locallegal system. The infiltration of western civilization during the colonial occupation, created aperfect path to introduce and to enforce western legal system in Gabon despite the promise torespect the local custom system.Furthermore, moving from a colonial time to the independent republic of Gabon fewlocal traditional laws have been kept and are being applied in some legal aspects, but most ofthe Gabonese legal architecture has been inspired by the western's modern laws.In addition, the adaptation of Modern Law on the Gabonese legal system has metsome inconsistency as far as its implementation and its enforcement are concerned. Thereforesome solutions can be provided.From the legislative point of view perspective, the legislator should be as precise aspossible on the adopted laws in order to avoid open criminality.From legal and judicial's view government should work on educating people anddevelo
Blanchard, Nolwenn. "Identité culturelle et patrimoine immatériel : la collection sonore constituée par Herbert Pepper au Gabon (1954-1966)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20062/document.
Full textThis study draws on a fund of sound recordings, made in Gabon between 1954 and 1966 by Herbert Pepper, Orstom's researcher. Going through the whole country, the ethnomusicologist and his colleague collected a wide variety of music, tales and other oral expressions, and created the Arts and Traditions’ Museum of Libreville to preserve, catalog and enhance the results of this research in a sustainable way.These records may be considered as representative components of “intangible cultural heritage” of Gabon, a concept which was defined by the Unesco Convention in 2003. Many countries such as Gabon, whose traditions are orally transmitted, were previously rarely represented on the World Heritage List. It’s therefore interesting to trace the evolution and expansion of the concept of heritage since the early nineteenth century, significant moment in Europe which has seen development of interest in the past’s relics, both of collecting oral traditions and conserving material traces in Museum. Today, the advent of digital media has significantly changed practices and conceptions in the area of conservation and heritage development. Through digitization, oral traditions now have suitable tools for their diffusion and it’s possible to continue the work begun by Herbert Pepper when he wished the character « total » to retain for gabonese cultural expressions
Bosvieux-Onyekwelu, Charles. "D’une sociodicée à un savoir d’État : le service public, une tentative de mise en forme du monde social par le droit (1873-1940)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV114.
Full textAt the intersection of social history, the sociology of law and the sociology of elites, the thesis goes back to the origin of a key concept of the French Republican State: public service. Between 1870 and 1940, this idea, which preceded the new regime, is reshaped by different types of actors in a more democratic sense, as an aggiornamento of state-thought. The legal circles (senior officials of the Conseil d'État and law professors) took a prime position during this update. They notably made advantage of the rise in importance of administrative litigation to legitimate their position as opposed to civil law specialists and impose a vision "from above" of public service, understood as true science of administration. By retracing the sequence of events that made a myth from the Blanco case of 8 February 1873, the thesis aims to give an account of the construction of a profession, that of a lawyer specialising in public law or in administrative law, at the same time as the creation of a “public” field. Actors distant from the legal field (state engineers, philanthropists, social theorists of all kinds, civil service trade unionists) gravitate to this field, struggling either not to let the State's conception of generosity to the public be imposed on them, or to get the point of view of those dominated in this field (lower and middle bureaucrats, primary school teachers) across. The enquiry therefore highlights the unequal and differentiated distribution of interest for the "public", visible in the understanding of the democratic claims of the time (the right to strike and unionise in the civil service, municipalism, the Act of Parliament on income tax), that certain actors consistently tried to translate into categories of law regarded favourably as the only right approach to the social world. Finally, in an effort to think within the contemporaries of the time’s mindset (i.e. without reading history backwards and by taking virtual history into consideration), this socio-historical work enables the understanding of the transformation of the "self-concern" of the State in a democratic age, by describing the encounter between a traditional, sovereign and masculine right hand (epitomised by the members of the Conseil d'État) and the left hand of the protective and social State.In terms of methodology and theoretical framework, the thesis is based on a prosopographical enquiry, the corpus of which is made from the different subgroups of exponents of the idea of public service between 1870 and 1940 (n = 77, the overwhelming majority are men). It alternates between an account and an analysis of the quantitative data drawn from the prosopographical enquiry, and combines archival ethnography (for the Conseil d'État), correspondance analysis and discourse analysis (administrative justice cases, jurisprudence and "theoretical" works on public service). It attempts a reasoned association between field theory and the sociology of professions. Also, as well as the career records of each individual in the prosopography, the archives that have been examined are those of the Conseil d'État, the Tribunal des conflits, law faculties (mainly Paris, Bordeaux and Toulouse), the “agrégation” examination in law and unions (federations of civil servants + CGT in its relation with the State)
Royer, Michel. "Les municipalités rémoises de 1919 à 1959." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIML015.
Full textFrom 1919 to 1939, the municipalities of Reims were marked by the domination of radical party allied to the SFIO and then to the right and largely dominated by the personality of Paul Marchandeau. After 1945 the situation appeared much more variable. From 1945 to 1959 we are dealing with fragile municipalities headed successively by a communist, an RPF, a radical and two members of MRP. This is the cumulative result of proportional representation and isolation of the FPC which led to the fact that majorities could be formed only between the non-communist parties in which was incessant rivalry.. But municipalities are represented by individuals. Two generations of councilors can be individualized. The one that was in office between the two world wars who remained in office without any significant change and the one of the Fourth Republic, who experienced a larger renewal and appeared to be more in line with the Reims society of the time
Bounda, Sosthène. "Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge en Afrique centrale à la fin du XXe siècle : cas du Cameroun, du Congo Brazzaville, du Congo Kinshasa et du Gabon de 1960 à 1999." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30053/document.
Full textThe International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC abstract is a humanitarian organization founded in 1863 by the Committee of five Swiss citizens: Moynier, Henry Dunant, Guillaume Dufour, Louis Appia, ThéodoreMaunoir. Creates the basis for the relief and assistance to victims of war, an initiative of Henry Dunant from a memory of the War of Solferino, the ICRC will extend its scope after the Geneva Convention of 1949. In Indeed, the ICRC is the NGO most represented in the world and it is appropriate that it was price-Nobel Peace Prize in 1901 awarded to Henri Dunant, in 1917, 1944, 1963 for his effort during the different conflicts, but also the Balzan Prize for humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples in 1996. It was established gradually in all continents after the Second World War. Before that, she was a mostly European NGOs. In Central Africa, the delegation of the International Red Cross is based in Yaounde, Cameroon and includes the Central African countries such as Congo, DR Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome. In these countries the work of the ICRC varies Humanitarian needs of each other. The more a country is at war, most of the ICRC's intervention is important. This procedure is done in accordance with the rules established in the various Geneva Conventions, the Hague and many others. Of these conferences was born on international humanitarian law that codifies the ICRC's work in the field, especially in time of war, but also those of other NGOs, including UN entities. International law is respect for human rights and the environment in times of armed conflict. Thus the ICRC's work in Central Africa was greater in Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon, which remained without military conflicts since 1960, starting date of our chronological terminal. The countries that are the subject of our study experienced various vicissitudes: Bakassi war for Cameroon, the civil war in Congo Brazzaville and war multifaceted ending in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The intervention of the ICRC in time of peace is often left to National Societies must train rescuers dissemination of international humanitarian law, including their daily activities to beg governments in their health missions, hygiene. Even the ICRC mission in peacetime is damage limitation in time of war
Bourlet, Michaël. "Les officiers français des 2e et 5e bureaux de l’état-major de l’armée (août 1919-juin 1919)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040172.
Full textAt the beginning of the 20th century, the “2e bureau” embodied military intelligence at the headquarters of the War Office in Paris. Between August 1914 and June 1919, 366 officers served in this secret administration of the War Office. Through individual files and with the aim of relating the history of services known as special services, this thesis is made up of three main lines: first, an institutional study, then a prosopographic study and finally a biographical dictionary. In less than four years, the intelligence plan set up at the EMA (État-major de l’armée) opened to new fields (economy, politics, diplomacy, inter-allied cooperation). This development went through deep structural reforms. In order to bring its activities to a successful conclusion, the “2e bureau” increased personnel and recruitment, which applied to reserve officers in particular. The intellectual and economic elites of the Nation would then occupy a place of choice in this organisation. Once the war was over, the “2e bureau” was back in charge of purely military matters
Charcosset, Gaëlle. "Le politique au village. Histoire sociale de l'institution municipale, 1800-1940. Arrondissement de Villefranche (Rhône)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2058/document.
Full textHistorical researches on the nineteenth century have left aside Municipal institutions, except from the point of view of a prosopography of mayors and municipal elections of the July Monarchy. The contributions of other social sciences - sociology, anthropology, ethnology - have renewed the approaches, as well as the one on precise social history. This research puts forward a social and political analysis of this institution, registered on the long term (1800-1940) and on a tightened ground (a district and more particularly five localities).By means of relational databases allowing the aggregation of data at different scales of time and spaces, it aims at identifying the city councilors (mayors, deputies, councilors) for themselves, in a prosopographic approach, then relatively to define their representativeness (district scale) and to register them in the relationships they maintain with the other actors in municipal life (municipal scale).This analysis brings to light a municipal institution that villagers took over during the 19th century, by recognising an authority to the mayor and which was first shaped in opposition to that of the parish priest and which then overtook the given law framework. In fact, the outrages against them are few and allow to understand not the limits of the authority granted to the function but the lack of exercise of its depositary. In the same way, municipal elections deal with preparation, mobilisation and control -sometimes up to the electoral protest which constitutes then a third roundwhich brings legitimacy to the elected ones.The identification of the city councilors has also qualified the portrait that is generally drawn up: if there are many eligible families sometimes anciently established in the municipalities of exercise, the share of the moveable city councilors remains strong throughout the 19th century before gradually decreasing. The reconstitution of the municipal careers also shows that the access to the municipal council is not definitively acquired because of a real electoral competition