Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Prospection géophysique'
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Perrusson, Gaële. "Caractérisation électromagnétique d'objets conducteurs enfouis : application à la prospection géophysique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS0015.
Full textBreard, Arnaud. "Caractérisation électromagnétique d'objets conducteurs enfouis : application à la prospection du sous-sol." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077132.
Full textThe work presented in this paper deals with the characterization of electromagnetic three-dimensional objects, buried in the ground. The soil is modeled by a homogeneous half space, resistive and non-magnetic, under the planar interface between air and ground. The buried objects are modelized as penetrable spheres or ellipsoids, small with respect to the skin depth of the ground, homogeneous and non-magnetic, from resistive to conductive ones. The application domain is the characterization of natural or artificiel buried objects by measuring the variation of the electromotive force of a horizontal electric current loop or of the magnetic field diffracted. In the first part, one develops, then evaluates an approximate model of the magnetic field and of the variation of the electromotive force of the current loop due to the presence of one, two, then N objects. This model is based on the Localized Non Linear approximation, and uses low frequency expansions. The coupling between objects is taken into account via the theory of Lax-Foldy on multiple diffraction. In the second part one focuses on solving the inverse problem of characterization of a number of known or unknown buried objects, to estimate the number of objects, their position, size, orientation and conductivity. One describes the different steps of the differential evolution algorithm with all the changes that one has made to deal with a known number of objects. One is also developing two other hybrid algorithms, in order to solve the inverse problem of characterization of an unknown number of buried objects. The second algorithm can deal with the problem for a small number; it is a Differential Evolution Algorithm with a Strategy of Communication between Groups and an idea of multi-resolution. One focuses on the case "one or two objects". The third algorithm is a Differential Evolution with a Strategy of Groups and a multi-resolution Multi-zone, which in the first instance defines a number of search areas, based on a likelihood criterion, then to determine the number of objects present in each zone. One in particular presents a study of the resolution of the reconstruction of spheres or ellipsoids, and the effects of not taking into account the interaction between objects in the model
Poirmeur, Christophe. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle en courant continu : méthode et applications à la prospection géophysique." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20176.
Full textSihombing, Halasan. "Les méthodes électromagnétiques de prospection : interprétation - prolongement - migration." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066726.
Full textDabas, Michel. "Comportement magnétique des sols dans les domaines fréquentiel et temporel (ARV. ) : application à la prospection de sites archéologiques." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066581.
Full textJrad, Abir. "Application des méthodes géophysiques à la prospection archéologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4301.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the applied geophysics to archaeological objects and structures in the close subsurface. The aims are to define a geophysical methodology for the study of archeological sites in a Mediterranean context : in France and in Tunisia, and also the geophysical signature of the main archaeological features. The main geophysical method used is the magnetic method. The obtained magnetic mappings are coupled with the electromagnetic cartographies and measurements, and with the electrical tomographies (ERT) and the seismic surveys. This ground prospecting is correlated with the magnetic measurements of laboratory, allowing a better constraint of the forward and synthetic modelling, proposed for the various studied features. First, the thesis concentrates on the study of the archaeological structures of combustion. This part specifies the magnetic signature of these objects and underlines the raising owed to the effect of the fire. Secondly, this work analyzes the geophysical imprint of the building structures and its variation connected with the various materials and techniques used as well as the surrounding ground properties. Other objects are afterward studied for a better understanding of the potentially produced magnetic anomalies. Last but not least, the decrease of the quality of the magnetic signal and thus the signal-to-noise ratio, is handled
Guérin, Roger. "Du traitement spatial des donnees electromagnetiques dans un champ primaire quasi-uniforme. Application a la methode magnetotellurique, a la mt-vlf et au courant continu." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066166.
Full textPanissod, Cédric. "Prospection electrique et electrostatique a faible profondeur a l'aide de systemes multipoles permettant la description directe des structures en 3-d." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066498.
Full textAndrier, Jean-François. "Etude de la croûte inférieure litée à partir des enregistrements sismiques de la campagne ECORS-Gascogne." Brest, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BRES2031.
Full textVaudelet, Pierre. "Développement des méthodes géoélectriques : application à la caractérisation des sites et sols pollués." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30075.
Full textLoranger, Benoît. "Détection de glaces massives en milieu pergélisolé par la technique géophysique de micro-gravimétrie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27705.
Full textGravity surveys were carried out using a precision gravimeter Scintrex CG-3+ on the discontinuous permafrost zone in lands where massive ice bodies were suspected (Dry Creek, Yukon) or previously detected (Beaver Creek, Yukon and in the area of Kangerlussuaq, Greenland). The main objective of the research was to establish the feasibility of using gravity surveying for massive ice detection. The possibility of using a gravimeter to detect massive ice was clearly demonstrated. Indeed, negative residuals anomalies were detected and these can be clearly attributed to the presence of ice in the ground. The presence of ice was carried out during a drilling and coring campaign in Dry Creek and through published reports of previous drilling for Beaver Creek and Greenland sites. A simple two-dimensional model composed of verticals columns was adapted to the micro-gravity environment. The comparisons between models and field results are good for ice wedges terrains and satisfactory for voluminous massive ice.
Jeannin, Mathieu. "Etude des processus d'instabilités des versants rocheux par prospection géophysique : apport du radar géologique." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012178.
Full textDufrenoy-Delabriere, Anne-Marie. "Conception, réalisation et comparaison de deux radars de géophysique de type impulsionnel et à impulsions synthètiques." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-440.pdf.
Full textEtim, Okokon Nkuesenam. "Prospection géoélectrique et étude hydrogéologique dans les basses vallées de la Cagne et du Malvan : caractéristiques du Pliocène du "delta du Var" (Alpes-Maritimes, France)." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4301.
Full textGuerrero, Olivier. "Comparaison et couplage de méthodes géophysiques pour l'amélioration des reconnaissances des sols dans les projets géotechniques en milieu périurbain." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0137/document.
Full textThe geotechnical study of a building project is a decisive step for the construction of it. The geotechnical engineer must define the mechanical behavior of soils from a limited number of drills. The problem of the geotechnical surveys is, on the one hand that difficult to extend a punctual data in the near space to the drills,and on the other hand to estimate the lateral variability of materials. In this context, this thesis develops an innovative approach by combination of geophysical methods to quantify the spatial variability of geoelectrical structures. In asecond time, against the known limits of the 3D modeling of soil geoelectrical structures, we have developed an innovative process of 3D modeling of the physical properties of soil by geophysical methods combination. These works allow characterizing the parameters who governing the positioning and the number of necessary primary data.Finally, an innovative measuring device of Kinematic Electrical Resistivity Tomography (KERT) has been developed. The validation of the device on three different site has allowed to highlight its ability to detect the soil geoelectrical structures within a linear of hundreds meters. This device is a valuable tool for studying soil geoelectrical structures in the context of high yield geophysical prospection
Marescot, Laurent. "Modélisation directe et inverse en prospection électrique sur les structures 3D complexes par la méthode des éléments finis." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2087.
Full textThis work presents the adaptation and the use of the CESAR-LCPC finite element code for the forward and inverse modelling of 3D resistivity data. A forward modelling tool was created to simulate tomographies with CESAR and an inversion code was also presented for the processing of resistivity tomographies on complex 3D structures using any electrode arrangement. This algorithm is well suited for the processing of large data sets with a lot of unknown model parameters. The inversion code uses an original strategy to avoid the explicit calculation of a sensitivity matrix. The adjoint-state of the potential field is used to minimize an objective function for the electrical inverse problem. Finally, a ROI (Region Of Investigation) index method is used to assess whether features in the model are caused by the data or are artefacts of the inversion process
Robail, Frédéric. "Ondelettes et diagraphies : un outil de détection et de caractérisation des objets géologiques." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20199.
Full textSchreiber, Dimitri. "Modélisations géométriques 3D et champs de déformations dans les Alpes du Sud." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4115.
Full textWe present the results of an integrated geological study which combine geological mapping and structural analysis, 3D geometrical modelling and geophysical modelling in order to characterize the superposed strain patterns of the Southwestern Alps at various scales. We propose 3D geometrical models of some remarkable sedimentary basins (Cretaceous South-East basin, Paleogene foreland basins of the Arc de Nice, Miocene basin of Roquebune-Cap-Martin) and of the Moho topography in the Southwestern Alps. These results support the following tectonic history : The tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Southern subalpine chains during late Cretaceous times is ascribed to a submeridian crustal shortening coeval with eht Pyrenean-Provence de formation phase and the initiation of the subduction of the Alpine Tethys. The Nummulitic transgression which took place in the Southern subalpine chain followed an emersion period generalized to the whole European platform at the end of the late Creataceous. The return of the Overlapping Tertiary sedimentation is controlled by the northeastward underthrusting of the foreland below the alpine collision wedge. The resulting crustal shortening lead to buckle folding and flexuring of the alpine foreland? The related synclines are filled by the syn-orogenic sedimentary sequence of the late Eocène trilogy. This deformation (D1), active until Chattian ages, lead to the appearance of N140° striking folds, in the present-day, to the exhumation of the Argentera-Mercantour crystalline massif. This tectonic feature lead to the down-sliding of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary cover toward the south and the deformation of the Pliocene mollasic basin of the Var valley. At crustal scale, the finite strain partitioning observed in the Southern subalpine chains, from Eocene time to present-day is controlled at depth by the indentation of the European lithosphere by the Ivrea body. This mantle slice localizes and transfers the deformation. This later controls the crustal shortening of the external zones and the exhumation of the internal zones
Celse, Benoît. "Reconnaissance tridimensionnelle en avant du front de taille par méthodes sismiques." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-261.pdf.
Full textLeblanc, Philippe. "Utilisation des données de pompage d'essai pour la connaissance de la structure et des propriétés hydrodynamiques des milieux fracturés : élaboration d'un logiciel d'interprétation." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30205.
Full textMichot, Didier. "Intérêt de la géophysique de subsurface et de la télédétection multispectrale pour la cartographie des sols et le suivi de leur fonctionnement hydrique à l'échelle intraparcellaire." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066223.
Full textBruniaux, Guillaume. "Reconstitution paléogéographique et prospection archéologique en zone littorale par approches géophysiques multi-méthodes et multi-échelles." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS026/document.
Full textArchaeological study of a site is based on an excavation which is a comprehensive study on a restricted gap. Before excavation, geophysical survey supplies the possibility to locate an area likely to provide details by detailed mapping of the site. This PhD work focus on an original magnetic survey protocol to detect pluri-metric and pluri-decimetric structures and a methodological approach to estimate the conservation of an archaeological level occupation. These developments have provided maximum information on anthropogenic settlement and to target excavation zone according to the archaeological problem of the site. In coastal zones and according to the considered chronological period, the environment of the settlement was different. The relatively rapid change in coastal environments results from the rise of sea level since the end of the last glacial maximum. As part of a paleoenvironmental study of a site, the objective of geophysical survey is similar to that for excavation : locating an area to paleoenvironmental coring. The methodological approach developed in this work is based on a paleogeographic approach to the site environment using multi-method and multi-scale geophysical surveys. Electromagnetic survey (Slingram), electrical tomography and direct-push electrical resistivity logging provide a cartographic and stratigraphic representation of the geophysical contrasts of the subsurface. Two study areas were selected to test and implement these methodological approaches, the Neolithic site of Le Pontet (Charente-Maritime) and the ancient harbours of Narbonne. These two sites are in different archaeological, geographical and geological contexts
Soueid, Ahmed Abdellahi. "Tomographie hydraulique, théorie et applications." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES044.
Full textGroundwater resources are considered as the main source of drinking water supplies. The protection of thes natural resources requires studying and understanding the functioning of groundwater aquifers. Thus, any rigorous groundwater investigation should include characterizing aquifer's hydraulic parameters such as specific storage and hydraulic conductivity. Indeed, the water transfer mechanisms and the transport of contaminants in aquifers are governed by well-known physical laws. However, the groundwater's flow mechanisms, their velocities, and the propagation of the contaminants depend chiefly on the heterogeneities of the aquifer's properties. Ruring the last two decades, the imagery of the spatial distributions of the hydraulic parameters have known a turning point after the introduction of a new approach called hydraulic tomography. During this PhD project, we worked on its implementation, the application, and the improvement of hydraulic tomography by coupling it with geophysical techniques particularly the self-potential method. In this sense, we demonstrated tha the self-potential method can be used to estimate the groundwater flow velocity from the distribution of the electrical current density. In the aquifer characterization framework, and through some synthetic cases which reflect the real field conditions, we proved that the self-potential method can help addressing the issue of the lack of hydraulic information due to the low density of available boreholes. We also showed that the joint inversion of streaming potential data and hydraulic head data increases the resolution of the inverted models of the specific storage, which is known for having low sensitivity to hydraulic head measurements. In the code development framework, several numerical codes using novel inversion approaches were implemented and made available to the hydro-geophysics community
Provost, Samuel. "L' Évolution des formes urbaines en Macédoine d'après le cas de Philippes du IIe au XIVe siècle apr. J. -C." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010720.
Full textLaplaige, Clément. "Comparaison de signaux (géophysique, LiDAR) utilisés dans l'étude des dynamiques anthropiques et naturelles." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1002/document.
Full textThe characterization of the material reality of the landscape requires to accurately identify the physical geography and to capture the interrelationships between humans and their environment. These conditions are essential to the estimation of the origins of the landscape shaping. The analysis of documentary sources offers the opportunity to determine the organization of former landscapes and to characterize a large part of their evolutions since the Modern period. However, older land settlements are not localised or symbolised on maps. Their signs are efficiently detected in present landscape through the joint implementation of various detection methods: aerial photography, recording topographic or colorimetric variations on the soil surface, and the LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) system, measuring micro-topographic variations using a laser beam. Other methods can be used to identify the elements conserved in present landscape and reflect their past uses. The measure of physical properties of soils by the geophysical methods can detected the presence of archaeological remains or structures buried while nothing is perceptible to the soil surface. It is widely supported that survey methods can provide archaeological data of the land use and / or the exploitation of the territory. Thus, they have been applied since several at the site of the ancient city of Epomanduodurum (Mandeure-Mathay, Doubs) in the north of the Franche-Comte. This city is considered by its size, urban equipment and monuments as the second behind de civitas capital of Sequani, Vesontio (Besancon). This research intends to compare, at different spatial scales, the contribution of several prospecting methods for the study of natural and anthropogenic dynamics in an area of 80 km². The study area is centred on the ancient city and combines a section of the alluvial plain of the Doubs river and the surrounding calcareous plateaus. In this study, it was possible, among other things, to develop tools for the detection of archaeological
Ars, Jean-Michel. "Inversion conjointe géophysique appliquée à l'exploration en géothermie profonde dans le Massif Central." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0025.
Full textThe development of geothermal energy has led to the exploitation of resources established in varied geological and geodynamic contexts. Geophysical exploration of these complex reservoirs requires the use of several complementary imaging methods. This PhD thesis focuses on the exploration of a geothermal resource located within the fractured basement in the French Massif Central using magnetotelluric, ambient noise tomography and gravimetry. Magnetotelluric is a 3D imaging method with a good resolution power that is sensitive to the presence of water and hydrothermal weathering clays but is limited by its spatial coverage. Seismic noise tomography has a good vertical resolution but does not resolve well horizontal velocity variations. This method is sensitive to variations of the mechanical properties of rocks and thus to fractured media. Finally gravimetry brings constraint on the lithological variations and has a good lateral resolution but lacks vertical resolution.We present a method of joint inversion of seismic and gravimetric data under the constraint of a resistivity model obtained by independent magnetotelluric inversion. Joint inversion requires defining model couplings. By lack of prior knowledge of petrophysical relationships, we have coupled the density, resistivity and velocity models with a law that constraints the parameters to be correlated on average.This strategy aims to bring out the characteristic relationships of the geological objects of the geothermal resource. This joint inversion methodology has been tested on synthetic models. The application to the real data acquired in the Massif Central has made it possible to define a deep zone of high correlation interpreted as the fragile ductile transition. The intermediate part of the models, more homogeneous, allows to distinguish different geological units separated by a fault zone. Finally the superficial part is distinguished by strong heterogeneity of the parameters resulting probably from surface alteration process
Camus, Adrien. "Apports de l'imagerie géophysique et de la photographie satellitaire et aérienne à l'étude de l'évolution géomorphologique des marais littoraux au cours de l'Holocène : application aux marais charentais." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS250.
Full textIn a study aiming to improve soil variability mapping, the integrated use of geophysical survey methods (electromagnetic, electrical and magnetic) and multispectral remote sensing (CASI aerial and SPOT satellite sensors) allow getting complementary data in terms of resolution and covering area. This approach was developed and tested in the aim of improving our knowledge of recent geomorphologic evolution of Western France marshlands. Spreading out a protocol of correcting electromagnetic survey data acquired in anthropic influenced marshland context allows correcting draining canals influence, which involves electrical conductivity diminishing similar to these of natural fluvio-marine palaeostructures present on the study area. At parcel’s scale, high resolution study methods (geophysical surveys, remote sensing and vegetal cartography) conjointly used allow to distinguish soil areas showing moisture and salinity contrasts with precision no reached with one method used alone. In the aim of realizing scale change from local data to landscape scale application, a protocol of estimating soil electrical conductivity from aerial or satellite remote sensing (through vegetal communities) was developed, using a neural network (Radial Basis Functions)
Laplaige, Clément. "Comparaison de signaux (géophysique, LiDAR) utilisés dans l'étude des dynamiques anthropiques et naturelles." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732379.
Full textGavazzi, Bruno. "Méthode magnétique multi-échelle à trois dimensions appliquée à l'étude archéologique du site de Qasr 'Allam, oasis de Bahariya, Egypte." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG029/document.
Full textThis study proposes to investigate the archaeological remains covered by sediments in Qasr ʿAllam by developing a geophysical method adapted to the contexts of the site. The measurement of the magnetic total field with fluxgate vector magnetometers allows the design of multi-captor devices which enable an acquisition of data with a highly adjustable rapidity/density ratio. Thus, vertical and horizontal maps of the anomaly of the magnetic total field's intensity are established. The use and development of interpretative tools derived from the theory of potential fields in association with targeted excavations allow the procurement of information on the sources as well as the improvement of the method through field evidences. The results reveal the existence of a large and intricate irrigation system, of a massive cultic facility dating from the 8th/7th century before the Common Era, and of a smaller complex built a few centuries later. Evidences also show that a massive change from humid to arid environmental conditions took place during the time separating the two latter. All these results allow the establishment of maps of the remains for archaeological studies and the establishment of a perimeter of protection of the site
JARDIN, ANNE. "Etude des sous-sols a structure complexe par interpretation sismique integree." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066389.
Full textBoukerbout, Hassina. "Analyse en ondelettes et prolongement des champs de potentiel. Développement d'une théorie 3-D et application en géophysique." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10095.
Full textGalan-Malaga, Horacio. "Diffraction électromagnétique en puits de forage : approximations dipolaires et application au problème inverse." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112182.
Full textVernet, Jean-Raymond. "Étude des relations entre les données atmogéochimiques, hydrogéochimiques et géophysiques en vue de la détection des minéralisations uranifères, (bassin permien de Lodève, Hérault, France)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20152.
Full textLi, Jianzhong. "Investigation on Near-field Source Localization and the Corresponding Applications." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4007/document.
Full textSource localization is a key technology in array signal processing, which is widely applied in radar, geologic prospecting, sonar, electronic surveillance, medical electronics and other fields. Source localization can be classified into far-field source localization and nearfield source localization according to the distance between the sources and the array. Unlike the far-field situation, where each source is parameterized by only the DOA, the near-field signal wavefront is spherical, and both the DOAs and ranges are required to localize near-field sources. First, this dissertation concentrates on the improvements of the MUSIC-based method for near-field source localization. By making full use of the EVD, we make the proposal to estimate the DOAs and ranges in a decoupled way with only one matrix and one EVD. Then we propose a further improvement based on propagator methods. It allows to avoid the EVD and therefore leads to an even lower computational complexity. The third improvement is to increase the number of effective virtual sensors for the range estimation, which expands the aperture and achieves a notable improvement for the range estimation accuracy. In order to apply CS to near-field source localization, we propose a high-order CS method with a pairing step based on clustering. The proposed method can achieve better accuracy and resolution than traditional methods. This work ends with the application of GPR. An enhanced CS method is proposed to carry out the TDE directly in low SNR scenario
Pianelo, Laurent. "Modélisation géologique contrainte par les données sismiques et dynamiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11042.
Full textCotton, Julien. "Analyse et traitement de données sismiques 4D en continu et en temps réel pour la surveillance du sous-sol." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM023.
Full text3D seismic reflection is widely used in the oil industry. This standard subsoil auscultation method provides information on geological structures and can be used to build reservoir models. However, the properties derived from3D (and 2D) seismic data are only static: 3D does not allow to evaluate the changes with calendar time. The addition of a temporal dimension to 3D data is obtained by repeating the measurements at several dates separated by several months or even several years. Thus, 4D seismic (time-lapse) makes it possible to measure and to analyze the changes of the subsoil in the long term. Since the 90s, this method is used worldwide at sea and on land. To carry out a much more frequent monitoring (daily), even continuous (a few hours) of the subsoil, CGG developed, in collaboration with Gazde France (now ENGIE) and Institut Français du Pétrole (now IFPEN), a solution based on buried sources and receptors: SeisMovie. SeisMovie was originally designed to monitor and map the gas front in real time during geological disposal operations. It is also used to observe the steam injection required for heavy oil production. In this thesis, we bring contributions to three challenges arising in the processing of seismic data from this system. The first one concerns the attenuation of near-surface variations caused by "ghost" waves that interfere with primary waves. The second one concerns the quantification of subsurface changes in terms of propagation velocity variation and acoustic impedance.The third one concerns real-time: the data processing must be at least as fast as the acquisition cycle (a few hours). Infact, the analysis of the data must enable the reservoir engineers to make quick decisions (stop of the injection, decreaseof the production). In a more general context, there are conceptual similarities between 3D and 4D. In 4D, the repeated acquisitions are compared with each other (or with a reference). In 3D, during acquisition, field geophysicists compare unitary shot points with each other to assess the quality of the data for decision-making (reshooting, skipping orcontinuing). Therefore, some 4D real-time tools developed during this thesis can be applied. A new approach called TeraMig for automated quality control in the field will also be presented
Nosjean, Nicolas. "Management et intégration des risques et incertitudes pour le calcul de volumes de roches et de fluides au sein d’un réservoir, zoom sur quelques techniques clés d’exploration Integrated Post-stack Acoustic Inversion Case Study to Enhance Geological Model Description of Upper Ordovicien Statics : from imaging to interpretation pitfalls and an efficient way to overcome them Improving Upper Ordovician reservoir characterization - an Algerian case study Tracking Fracture Corridors in Tight Gas Reservoirs : An Algerian Case Study Integrated sedimentological case study of glacial Ordovician reservoirs in the Illizi Basin, Algeria A Case Study of a New Time-Depth Conversion Workflow Designed for Optimizing Recovery Proper Systemic Knowledge of Reservoir Volume Uncertainties in Depth Conversion Integration of Fault Location Uncertainty in Time to Depth Conversion Emergence of edge scenarios in uncertainty studies for reservoir trap analysis Enhancing geological model with the use of Spectral Decomposition - A case study of a prolific stratigraphic play in North Viking Graben, Norway Fracture corridor identification through 3D multifocusing to improve well deliverability, an Algerian tight reservoir case study Geological Probability Of Success Assessment for Amplitude-Driven Prospects, A Nile Delta Case Study." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS085.
Full textIn the last 20 years, I have been conducting various research projects focused on the management of risks and uncertainties in the petroleum exploration domain. The various research projects detailed in this thesis are dealing with problematics located throughout the whole Exploration and Production chain, from seismic acquisition and processing, until the optimal exploration to development wells placement. Focus is made on geophysical risks and uncertainties, where these problematics are the most pronounced and paradoxically the less worked in the industry. We can subdivide my research projects into tree main axes, which are following the hydrocarbon exploration process, namely: seismic processing, seismic interpretation thanks to the integration with various well informations, and eventually the analysis and extraction of key uncertainties, which will be the basis for the optimal calculation of in place and recoverable volumes, in addition to the associated risk analysis on a given target structure. The various research projects that are detailed in this thesis have been applied successfully on operational North Africa and North Sea projects. After introducing risks and uncertainty notions, we will detail the exploration process and the key links with these issues. I will then present four major research projects with their theoretical aspects and applied case study on an Algerian asset
Singh, Vijay Pratap. "Application des algorithmes évolutionaires à la détermination de modèles de vitesse par inversion sismique." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1466.
Full textGoal of seismic data processing is to convert a recorded wave field into a structural or lithological image of the subsurface. This requires a model of the wave propagation velocities of the subsurface. Nevertheless obtaining this model is often the most difficult processing step, in areas of complex structure such as foothill or salt body. The goal of this thesis was to develop a robust and efficient migration velocity estimation technique that uses global optimisation methods and remains computationally tractable. We used e-MOEA (MultiObjective Evolutionary Algorithm) as an optimisation tool. We attempted to reduce the computational cost of EA by adding geological and geophysical knowledge to the component of the algorithms, at the representation level, in the variation operators and in the objective function. In this work, after some effort to design a concise and geologically meaningful representation, we finally concluded that the grid representation was the most flexible one, even though it implies a large number of unknown parameters and induces a high computational cost. We modified the differential semblance function and used it together with the semblance function to have a robust and accurate criterion. We hybridized e-MOEA using RMO (Residual MoveOut) and dip information. We first customize the e-MOEA algorithm itself, and also proposed a new exploitation operator and technique of optimal parent synthesis. The goal of the customization was to strive to have both the robustness of global methods and the efficiency of local optimisation methods. We presented examples of migration velocity analyses mainly on Marmousi model, together with a few results on the North-Sea L7 model. We demonstrated that our automatic velocity analysis technique is able to cope with large velocity errors and, in term of computation cost, it is as efficient as the gradient methods except in salt body. We expect that with some clever adoption this algorithm can be extended for 3D
Broto, Karine. "Accès à l'information cinématique pour la détermination du modèle de vitesse par tomographie de réflexion 3D." Pau, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PAUU3015.
Full textVerdun, Jérôme. "La gravimétrie aéroportée en région montagneuse : exemple du levé franco-suisse sur les Alpes occidentales." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20159.
Full textJouen, Thomas. "Caractérisation de l'évolution de l'état de biodégradation des massifs de déchets non dangereux en post-exploitation : Application de méthodes géophysiques." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0010/document.
Full textStorage is the most commonly used waste treatment method in the world because it is a simple and economical way to dispose of solid waste. Despite a national and European desire to reduce the storage of biodegradable waste, a significant amount is still buried, leading to the implementation of specific management methods. Formerly exploited as mere filling pits, MSWL are today complex structures whose objective is to reduce the environmental impact and energetically valorize the biogas produced by the biodegradation of organic matter. In order to accelerate biodegradation processes, a waste cell can be operated in bioreactor mode by reinjecting leachates to increase the water content of the waste. The challenge of the 2000s was to size and validate leachate re-injection systems to ensure optimal distribution of water content in the waste mass. Today, the question is to monitor evolution of the biodegradation in all points of a waste mass in particular to understand the effect of this management mode. Geophysical methods in addition to being non-destructive and spatializing have been used for years on MSWLs and could be sensitive to the evolution of a waste mass biodegradation, as has been demonstrated for the biodegradation of others environments. Thus the problematic of this thesis is to evaluate the capacity of certain geophysical methods to monitor the evolution of the bio-physicochemical parameters of a waste mass during its biodegradation. A first bibliographic work identified four electrical methods among the geophysical methods available to answer this question:• Electrical resistivity• Self potential• Time domain induced polarization• Spectral induced polarizationAfter this state of the art, the thesis work was separated into three parts. The first one was devoted to the implementation of the monitoring of these four methods at the laboratory scale under controlled conditions, the second to analyze the long-term geophysical monitoring at the industrial site of SAS Les Champs Jouault and the last one to evaluate the observations at these two scales. Finally, the conclusion presents the potential of time domain induced polarization method as the most relevant to monitor the evolution of a waste mass biodegradation over time and discusses its use in an industrial setting
Bodin, Xavier. "Géodynamique du pergélisol de montagne : fonctionnement, distribution et évolution récente : l'exemple du massif du Combeynot (Hautes Alpes)." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070035.
Full textThis study intends to understand the state and the functioning of the mountain permafrost in a crystalline and poorly glacierised massif (Combeynot Massif, Hautes Alpes, France) on one hand, and on the other hand to express its distribution and evolution at variable spatic and temporal scales. First, the monitoring devices, helped by three very different years in nivo-meteorological terms, have revealed some of the main features of the thermal processes at the Laurichard rockglacier surface. The spatialisation of the winter surface temperatures clearly shows the influence of the very warm 2003 summer followed by the snowy 2003-2004 winter, that both contributed to prevent the cooling of the ground. This relation with the seasonal snow history, especially in early winter, is also demonstrated by the analysis of the annual velocity of the rockglacier and of the climatic data during the last two decades. At the scale of the whole massif, the relation climate/permafrost has been modelled by a statistico-empirical relationship which reproduœs the influence of the topoclimatic conditions on the permafrost. Four case studies have nevertheless revealed that the geodynamical context and its evolution during the Quaternary are essential in understanding the state and the distribution of the permafrost at slope and watershed scales. Finally, the recent climate warming seems to have induced a temporary speed-up of the creeping velocity of the permafrost, which subsequently arises the question of the stability of degrading slopes
Abdelfettah, Yassine. "Inversion conjointe des données magnétotelluriques et gravimétriques : application à l'imagerie géophysique crustale et mantellique." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424413.
Full textMouezy, Agnès. "Caractérisation de l'endommagement de parois de galeries par tomographie électrique : application en laboratoire souterrain." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S155.
Full textNodot, Émilie. "Détection et caractérisation d'objets anthropiques par méthodes géophysiques et en particulier par méthode magnétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH019.
Full textLast three wars have left millions of tons of unexploded ordnance (UXO) in French subsoil. They put the population and the environment at risk. Geophysics and particularly the magnetic methods present some solutions to characterise and locate those generally magnetised objects. The multi-sensor magnetic cartography device designed at EOST has some faults. Consequently, (i) the production of a new digitizer, (ii) the acquisition of a new geo-spatial positioning system and (iii) the use of an extra sensor to correct the time-related variations of the magnetic field allow us to improve our cartography quality. Likewise, multi-altitude measurement allow us to optimise the time in relation to the wanted cartography definition. According to the approximation generally used in magnetism theory, the anomaly is insignificant compared to the regional magnetic field. At the same time as my previously described field work, a thorough study of the dipole theory, allowed me to evaluate that this approximation results in a non-negligible mistake reaching 16% of the anomaly. The inversion results are sensible to this mistake. Moreover, l've developed an algorithm based on Euler deconvolution and l've re-evaluated the method already used which is based on analytic signal. After I compared some of the inversion methods, the one based on the analytic signal seems to ascertain the better the object characteristics
Gondet, Sébastien. "Occupation de la plaine de Persépolis au Ier millénaire av. J.-C. (Fars central, Iran)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20026/document.
Full textFounded by Darius I (522-486 BC), Persepolis represented one of the seats of the kings of the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC). Moreover, the site served as an administrative and economic centre and acted as capital for the vast province, named Persia, situated in the heart of the Empire. The spatial character of both the royal site as well as the wider hinterland it controlled, the vast surrounding plain, are however largely unknown.The study aims at providing better insight in both the occupation of the site of Persepolis, stretching from the monumental terrace to the royal necropolis 6 km farther north, along with that of the supporting plain. It therefore frames and evaluates the Achaemenid period within the context of the first millennium BC. At the outset, the study integrates the environmental dynamics of the region. The research was based on the methods of archaeological survey (field survey and geophysical methods) and allowed to reconstruct a ‘city’ composed of different functional zones (common housing, industrial quarters, elite residences, and royal monuments) separated from one another by large areas, presumably unbuilt though exploited.For the plain (100 by 30 km), the survey of Achaemenid sites was biased by the important destructions by recent development (industrialised agriculture, urbanism, transport and communication). Research has therefore been focussed on a number of preserved sites on the one hand and on selected piedmont areas on the other. These surveys brought to light a scattered occupation, predominantly situated in the northern part of the plain, also encompassing the Persepolis zone, while the southern region of the plain was less occupied. Nonetheless, this reconstruction should take into account the important reduction of archaeological potential, particularly in the case of a study focussing on the Achaemenid occupation since settlement in the wider Persepolis area was first and foremost of rural natural and of rather modest size
Aubry, Laurent. "Acquisition, traitement et restitution des données d'une reconnaissance achéologique : la ville gallo-romaine du Vieil-Evreux." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066008.
Full textYacouba, Amani Abdoul Nasser. "Approche multi-géophysique pour la caractérisation de la fracturation et des propriétés de transport des roches carbonatées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1024.
Full textIn a context of global changes and ecological and energy transitions, climate change induces recurrent drought and water resource crisis in several regions and continents. It is crucial to study groundwaters in order to support these transitions and ensure effective management and use of this vital resource. In particular, the vadose zone which plays an important role in the recharge of these groundwaters and the transfer of possible pollutants and inputs. Most of the time this unsaturated zone is characterized by multi-scale heterogeneities (e.g., pore structure, fractures, mineralogical variation) particularly in a limestone environment. These heterogeneities are complexified by diagenetic processes linked mainly to physicochemical and mineralogical alteration which leads to uncertainty in reservoir property (e.g., porosity, permeability, water saturation) estimation from geophysical methods. Among these methods, acoustic and electrical methods are well suited because of the strong relation between heterogeneities and the measured properties.This thesis relies on a multi-geophysical approach in order to better characterize a complex carbonate reservoir using petrophysical measurements combined with microstructural descriptions. Based on this approach, we demonstrated the influence of rock structure on the prediction and modeling of petroacoustic properties. This work leads to a good discrimination of some facies, which can be used to improve simulation and flow models. In addition, we demonstrate the relevance of complex conductivity measurements in limestone characterization and permeability prediction. However, additional developments are needed to understand the upscaling problematic for heterogeneous and complex reservoirs
Foudil-Bey, Nacim. "Développement d'outils d'interprétation de données géophysiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0142/document.
Full textIn recent years with the technology developments, airborne geophysical methods (gravity, magnetic, and electromagnetic) are widely used in the natural resource exploration at the regional scale. It covers large areas particularly in the areas with difficult access. The first part of this thesis consist on the development of new forward modeling algorithm for the calculation of the components of the gravity and magnetic fields based on a tetrahedron grid. The tetrahedral mesh allows the representation of very complex geological models holding many heterogeneous and faulted zones with an optimal number of elements, this reduces significantly the time calculation. Several inversion techniques use mathematical constraints for the resolution of the inverse problem in order to reduce the number of possible models. However the proposed solutions called also "the most probable model" provide a smooth solutions that cannot represent the geological reality. To circumvent this problem in the second and the third parts of this thesis, we made two major improvements. The first, we integrate Sequential Gaussian Simulation into the inversion procedure to determine a possible distributions of a single property. The second is that we used the Co-Simulation in the case of joint inversion to estimate a posteriori probabilities of the simulated models. The last part of this thesis presents an alternative to the several variables simulation, supervised learning of neural networks allows to establish a relationship between the different variables
Sab, Guillaume-Alexandre. "Étude de faisabilité d’un dispositif TDEM aéroporté sur avion léger dans une perspective multi-capteurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066654.
Full textTime domain electromagnetism (TDEM) allows geophysicists to probe the resistivity of the subsurface as a function of depth. Today the airborne versions of this method can be brought into operation either by helicopter or by large airplanes (fixed wings), both are expensive and the first has the disadvantage of a low autonomy (distance available after take-off), the second of a low resolution. This thesis defends the development of a light system towed by a small airplane allowing both autonomy and resolution while being more affordable. It presents numerical simulations to determine the optimal acquisition parameters (emission waveform, altitude) of the future system. Using these parameters, simulations are also performed to assess the sensitivity of the system in various geological contexts (karst and alluvial deposits) with 1D (tabular) and 3D structure. Both HCP (standard) and VCP configurations are considered. The VCP configuration greatly increases the sensitivity to 3D bodies. A special consideration is afforded to underground storage cases and to the Orgeval (subsidiary of the Seine) hydrologic basin. We also detail the (sometimes problematic) choice of the mechanical and electronic characteristics of the system, such as antenna materials selection, antenna geometries, adaptation of impedance of the transmitting and receiving coils or cable lengths and weights. This approach results in the definition of a complete TDEM system ready for future flight tests