Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prostate zones

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Prostate zones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Prostate zones"

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Tsurusaki, Toshifumi, Daiyu Aoki, Hiroshi Kanetake та ін. "Zone-Dependent Expression of Estrogen Receptors α and β in Human Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88, № 3 (2003): 1333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021015.

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Estrogen, which acts through estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant human prostatic tumors, i.e. benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, thought to originate from different zones of the prostate [the transition zone (TZ) and peripheral zone (PZ), respectively]. Here, we examined the cellular distribution of ERα and ERβ in human normal and hyperplastic prostate tissues, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. ERα expression was restricted to stromal cells of PZ. In contrast, ERβ was expressed in the stromal cells of PZ as well as TZ. ERβ-positive epithelial cells were evenly distributed in PZ and TZ of the prostate. Our results suggest that estrogen may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia through ERβ.
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Moura, Fernanda, Letícia Sampaio, Priscila Kobayashi, et al. "Structural and Ultrastructural Morphological Evaluation of Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) Prostate Gland." Biology 10, no. 3 (2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030231.

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The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species from Central and South America, and is considered possibly extinct in Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Uruguay. Due to the species’ conservation and reproductive importance, this research aimed to characterize the morphology, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural feature of the giant anteater prostate gland. For this, we collected 11 giant anteater prostate glands and performed macroscopic, morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analysis. Nine prostate glands from an adult subject and two from young subjects were studied. Grossly, the adult giant anteater prostate gland is divided in two distinct zones; the central zones (composed mainly of ducts) and the peripheral zones (of acini formed by secretory cells). The secretory cells showed positive periodic acid–Schiff staining. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical characterization revealed a similar human prostate pattern, with p63 staining basal cells, uroplakin III (UPIII) superficial cells of prostatic urethra, androgen receptor (AR) expressing nucleus of secretory and stromal cells, and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) staining prostatic epithelial cells. Overall, our research provided an in-depth morphological description of the giant anteater’s prostate gland, providing valuable information for futures studies focused on giant anteater conservation.
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Lourenço, Mario, Pedro Pissarra, Duarte Vieira E Brito, et al. "Lesion location agreement between prostatic multiparametric magnetic resonance, cognitive fusion biopsy and radical prostatectomy piece." Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 91, no. 4 (2020): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2019.4.218.

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Introduction: Prostatic multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) allows for guided prostate biopsy (PB).Objective: To evaluate localization agreement between mpMRI lesions and histology obtained by cognitive PB and radical prostatectomy (RP) surgical specimen (SS). Methods: Out of 115 consecutive cognitive biopsied patients, 37 with positive PB were studied. Sample was characterized regarding age, prostatic volume, PI-RADS, location of lesion on mpMRI, lesion dimension, total number of fragments obtain by PB, number of fragments directed to the lesion, number of fragments with prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) and ISUP classification. The relationship between mpMRI and SS piece was analysed in 15 patients who underwent RP. Results: Regarding agreement between mpMRI and PB, agreement of location was observed in 26 (70.3%); 7 (18.9%) presented PCa positive fragments in the suspected zone plus others in the same lobe; 3 (8.1%) in the suspected zone plus the contralateral lobe and 1 (2.7%) had no PCa in the suspected zone but had bilateral PCa. The total number of fragments with PCa was lower in cases with agreement between mpMRI and PB (p < 0.05). Regarding agreement between mpMRI and SS, 5 cases (33.3%) presented the same location as described by mpMRI, 5 (33.3%) showed ipsilateral lesions in other zones of the prostate; 4 (26.7%) presented extensive bilateral lesions on all prostate zones and 1 (6.7%) showed previously unknown contralateral lesions. None of the factors studied related mpMRI and RP (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Localization agreement of mpMRI vs PB and mpMRI vs SS was present in 26/37 (70.3%) and 5/15 (33.3%), respectively. That suggests the existence of other lesions (multifocality) not identified on mpMRI.
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Zavala-Romero, Olmo, Adrian L. Breto, Isaac R. Xu, et al. "Segmentation of prostate and prostate zones using deep learning." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 196, no. 10 (2020): 932–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-020-01607-x.

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Bourlon, María T., Mónica Sánchez-Ávila, Fredy Chablé-Montero, and Ricardo Arceo-Olaiz. "IgG4-Related Autoimmune Prostatitis: Is It an Unusual or Underdiagnosed Manifestation of IgG4-Related Disease?" Case Reports in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/295472.

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IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) encompasses a wide range of extrapancreatic manifestations. Albeit some are relatively well known, others such as autoimmune prostatitis remain poorly described. We present a 61-year-old Latin-American male with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), normal prostate specific antigen (PSA) test, and prostate enlargement attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). He underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) after which symptoms were resolved. On histopathology, prostatic stroma had a dense inflammatory infiltrate rich in plasma cells and lymphocytes; immunohistochemical morphometric assessment showed >10 IgG4-positive plasma cells/high power field (HPF). The diagnosis of IgG4-related prostatitis was postoperatively. We compared the patient characteristics with those of previous reports on Asian patients. Shared findings included prostate enlargement, LUTS (symptoms that can be confused with BPH), and PSA within normal limits or mild elevations. IgG4-related prostatitis is rarely considered as a preprocedural diagnosis, even in patients with evidence of IgG4-RD. Involved prostate zones include mainly central and transitional zones and less frequently the peripheral. Currently, there is insufficient data about the natural history and outcome. Whether steroids, transurethral resection, or both are the treatment of choice needs to be elucidated.
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Krughoff, Kevin, Khadijah Eid, Jason Phillips, et al. "The Accuracy of Prostate Cancer Localization Diagnosed on Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy Compared to 3-Dimensional Transperineal Approach." Advances in Urology 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/249080.

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Background. Prostate cancer is often understaged following 12-core transrectal ultrasound- (TRUS-) guided biopsies. Our goal is to understand where cancers are typically missed by this method.Methods. Transperineal 3-dimensional mapping biopsy (3DMB) provides a more accurate depiction of disease status than transrectal ultrasound- (TRUS-) guided biopsy. We compared 3DMB findings in men with prior TRUS-guided biopsies to determine grade and location of missed cancer. Results were evaluated for 161 men with low-risk organ confined prostate cancer.Results. The number of cancer-positive biopsy zones per patient with TRUS was 1.38 ± 1.21 compared to 3.33 ± 4.06 with 3DMB, with most newly discovered cancers originating from the middle lobe and apex. Approximately half of all newly discovered cancerous zones resulted from anterior 3DMB sampling. Gleason upgrade was recognized in 56 patients using 3DMB. When both biopsy methods found positive cores in a given zone, Gleason upgrades occurred most frequently in the middle left and right zones. TRUS cancer-positive zones not confirmed by 3DMB were most often the basal zones.Conclusion. Most cancer upgrades and cancers missed from TRUS biopsy originated in the middle left zone of the prostate, specifically in anterior regions. Anterior sampling may lead to more accurate diagnosis and appropriate followup.
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Sellers, Jake, Rachel G. Wagstaff, Naseem Helo, and Werner T. W. de Riese. "Quantitative measurements of prostatic zones by MRI and their dependence on prostate size: possible clinical implications in prostate cancer." Therapeutic Advances in Urology 13 (January 2021): 175628722110008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17562872211000852.

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Aim: Many studies support an inverse relationship between benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) size and incidence of prostate cancer (PCa), but the causal link between these conditions is poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that a growing transition zone (TZ) in the prostate may induce pressure on the outer peripheral zone (PZ), leading to atrophy of the glandular tissue where PCa often originates, providing a possible explanation for this interaction. To further investigate this phenomenon, our pilot study uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine quantitative zonal changes in a consecutive cohort of prostates. Methods: MRI scans of male patients [ n = 204, 61.57 ± 13.90 years, average body mass index (BMI) 29.05 kg/m2] with various prostate sizes were analyzed statistically to identify possible associations between prostate parameters, such as total prostate volume (TPV) and peripheral zone thickness (PZT). Results: TPV and PZT demonstrated a weak, inverse correlation ( r = −0.21, p = 0.002). However, when examining the plotted data, the relationship between TPV and PZT was significantly different when the cohort was divided into two groups; lower TPV: ⩽87.5 ml ( n = 188, TPV xˉ = 36.01 ± 18.18 ml), and higher TPV: >87.5 ml ( n = 17, TPV xˉ = 125.69 ± 41.13 ml). Average PZT differed significantly between these groups (z = −3.5554, p = 0.0004). Conclusions: PZT was significantly different for patients with lower versus higher TPVs, suggesting that, above a certain point of BPH growth, the PZ is unable to withstand pressure from an expanding TZ, supporting the notion that growing BPH causes compression of the PZ glandular tissue, and, therefore, BPH may be protective against PCa.
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Padgett, Kyle R., Amy Swallen, Sara Pirozzi, et al. "Towards a universal MRI atlas of the prostate and prostate zones." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 195, no. 2 (2018): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-018-1348-5.

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Deb, Subrata, Mei Yieng Chin, Steven Pham, et al. "Steroidogenesis in Peripheral and Transition Zones of Human Prostate Cancer Tissue." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020487.

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The peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) represent about 70% of the human prostate gland with each zone having differential ability to develop prostate cancer. Androgens and their receptor are the primary driving cause of prostate cancer growth and eventually castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). De novo steroidogenesis has been identified as a key mechanism that develops during CRPC. Currently, there is very limited information available on human prostate tissue steroidogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate steroid metabolism in human prostate cancer tissues with comparison between PZ and TZ. Human prostate cancer tumors were procured from the patients who underwent radical prostatectomy without any neoadjuvant therapy. Human prostate homogenates were used to quantify steroid levels intrinsically present in the tissues as well as formed after incubation with 2 µg/mL of 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OH-pregnenolone) or progesterone. A Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to a Quattro Premier XE tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer using a C18 column was used to measure thirteen steroids from the classical and backdoor steroidogenesis pathways. The intrinsic prostate tissue steroid levels were similar between PZ and TZ with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone levels higher than the other steroids measured. Interestingly, 5-pregnan-3,20-dione, 5-pregnan-3-ol-20-one, and 5-pregnan-17-ol-3,20-dione formation was significantly higher in both the zones of prostate tissues, whereas, androstenedione, testosterone, DHT, and progesterone levels were significantly lower after 60 min incubation compared to the 0 min control incubations. The incubations with progesterone had a similar outcome with 5-pregnan-3,20-dione and 5-pregnan-3-ol-20-one levels were elevated and the levels of DHT were lower in both PZ and TZ tissues. The net changes in steroid formation after the incubation were more observable with 17-OH-pregnenolone than with progesterone. In our knowledge, this is the first report of comprehensive analyses of intrinsic prostate tissue steroids and precursor-driven steroid metabolism using a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. In summary, the PZ and TZ of human prostate exhibited similar steroidogenic ability with distinction in the manner each zone utilizes the steroid precursors to divert the activity towards backdoor pathway through a complex matrix of steroidogenic mechanisms.
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Strasser, H., G. Janetschek, A. Reissigl, and G. Bartsch. "Prostate zones in three-dimensional transrectal ultrasound." Urology 47, no. 4 (1996): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(99)80482-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prostate zones"

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Heul-Nieuwenhuijsen, L. van der. "Cancer related gene expression in the human prostate zones." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/15288.

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Carlsson, Jessica. "Identification of miRNA expression profiles for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25600.

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Cancer of the prostate (CaP) is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men in the Western society. During the last years, prostate specific antigen (PSA) has been used as a biomarker for CaP, although a high PSA value is not specific for CaP. Thus, there is an urgent need for new and improved diagnostic markers for CaP. In this thesis, the aim was to find a miRNA signature for diagnosis of CaP and to elucidate if differences in behavior between transition zone and peripheral zone tumors are reflected in miRNA expression. One of the major findings is anexpression signature based on nine miRNAs that with high accuracy (85%) could classify normal and malignant tissues from the transition zone of the prostate. The results furthermore show that the major differences in miRNA expression are found between normal and malignant tissues, rather than between the different zones. In addition, tumors arising in the peripheral zone have fewer changes in miRNA expression compared to tumors in the transition zone, indicating that the peripheral zone is more prone to tumor development compared to the transition zone of the prostate. A crucial step in pre-processing of expression data, in order to differentiate true biological changes, is the normalization step. Therefore, an additional aim of this thesis was to compare different normalization methods for qPCR array data in miRNA expression experiments. The results show that data-driven methods based on quantile normalization performs the best. The results also show that in smaller miRNA expression studies, only investigating a few miRNAs, RNU24 is the most suitable endogenous control gene for normalization. Taken together, the results in this thesis show the importance of miRNAs and the possibility of their future use as biomarkers in the field of prostate cancer.
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Ouzzane, Adil. "Diagnostic du cancer de la prostate par imagerie moderne : place de l’IRM dans la sélection des candidats à une surveillance active et dans la caractérisation des zones tumorales intra-prostatiques." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S054/document.

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L’IRM représente une modalité d’imagerie du cancer de la prostate qui occupe une place de plus en plus importante pour le diagnostic positif. D’autres indications sont en cours de validation pour établir le pronostique, pour guider le traitement et pour assurer le suivi après traitement notamment partiel. La première partie de ce travail a porté sur les études cliniques de l’IRM dans la sélection des candidats à une surveillance active. Les performances de l’IRM particulièrement dans la détection des cancers antérieurs permettront de réduire le risque de sous-estimation initiale des tumeurs et par conséquent le risque de la reclassification au cours des protocoles de surveillance active. La seconde partie de ce travail a porté sur la corrélation entre les anomalies de signal à l’IRM et les zones tumorales et non tumorales intra-prostatiques. La validation d’une technique simple et reproductible de recalage a permis ensuite une corrélation des anomalies de signal enregistrées sur l’IRM et des paramètres histo-pathologiques quantitatifs des pièces opératoires de prostatectomie<br>MRI is an increasingly important imaging modality for prostate cancer diagnosis. Further indications are being validated in prostate cancer to establish the prognostic, to guide treatment and to follow up patients especially after partial treatment. The first part of this work has focused on clinical studies of MRI in patient selection for active surveillance. The performance of MRI particularly in the detection of anterior cancers would reduce the risk of initial underestimation of tumor burden and therefore reduce the risk of reclassification during active surveillance protocols. The second part of this work has focused on the correlation between the signal abnormalities on MRI and intra-prostatic areas. We used a simple and reproducible technique for MRI and histopathology registration and we correlated signal abnormalities recorded on MRI with quantitative histopathological parameters at prostatectomy surgical specimens
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Vaičiūnas, Kęstutis. "Klinikinių, instrumentinių ir laboratorinių tyrimų prognozinė reikšmė diagnozuojant prostatos vėžį pacientams, turintiems padidėjusią prostatos vėžio riziką." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080908_163705-87183.

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Prostatos vėžys yra dažniausia vyrų onkologinė liga JAV, Vakarų Europoje bei Lietuvoje. Dėl senstančios visuomenės ateityje bus nustatoma dar daugiau naujų prostatos vėžio atvejų. Lietuvos vėžio registro duomenimis 1995 – 2005 metais vidutinis metinis prostatos vėžio sergamumo didėjimas - 14,5 proc. per metus. Vyrų sergamumas prostatos vėžiu Lietuvoje 2005 metais siekė 125,9/100000 atvejų, o mirtingumas nuo šios ligos siekė 31/100000 atvejų. Vyrų mirtingumas nuo prostatos vėžio antras pagal dažnį po plaučių vėžio su vėžiu susijusio mirtingumo grupėje. Todėl daugelis tyrėjų pabrėžia, kad norint mažinti mirtingumą, reikia ankstinti prostatos vėžio nustatymo laiką. Pradėta Lietuvos vyrų ankstyvosios prostatos vėžio diagnostikos programa ir dažnas prostatos specifinio antigeno nustatymas lėmė padidėjusį apsilankymų pas urologus skaičių ir padidino prostatos biopsijų kiekį. Norint efektyviai ir optimaliai ištirti šiuos pacientus, reikia daug materialinių išteklių ir laiko.Šio darbo tikslas buvo optimizuoti pacientų su padidėjusia prostatos vėžio rizika ištyrimą ir stebėjimą bei nustatyti ryšį tarp prostatos vėžio rizikos veiksnių ir prostatos vėžio diagnozavimo padidėjusios rizikos grupėje. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti prostatos vėžio nustatymo dažnį pirmąja ir kartotinėmis lateralinėmis sekstantinėmis prostatos biopsijomis ir įvertinti jų efektyvumą. 2. Nustatyti amžiaus, rūkymo, alkoholio vartojimo, prostatos vėžio šeiminės anamnezės, viršsvorio ir padidėjusio cholesterolio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in men in United States, Western Europe and in Lithuania. Due to ageing population incidence of prostate cancer will rise even more in the future. Since the year 2003 prostate cancer became the most common form of cancer diagnosed in men in Lithuania (more than 1500 new prostate cancer cases a year). There were 2005 of new prostate cancer cases diagnosed in the year 2005. According to Lithuanian Cancer Registry data during the years 1995-2005 the prevalence of prostate cancer was increasing 14.5 percent annually. Prostate cancer was detected in 24.3 percent of all cancer cases in men in the year 2005 in Lithuania and in 48.3 percent of them disease was detected in the stages I and II. In the year 2005 the prevalence of prostate cancer in Lithuanian men was 125.9 per 100000 population and mortality was 31 per 100000 population. Prostate cancer is a second common form of death after lung cancer in cancer-associated mortality group in Lithuania. Prostate cancer mortality ranged between 19 and 55 per 100000 in Europe and it was 23.2 per 100000 populations in the year 2006 in European Union. Many authors stress that it is important to diagnose prostate cancer in the early stages in order to reduce prostate cancer mortality rate. The aim of the study was to optimize investigation and follow-up of the high prostate cancer risk patients, and to define the relation between prostate cancer risk factors and prostate cancer... [to full text]
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Rampun, Yambu Andrik. "Computer-aided detection of prostate cancer within the peripheral zone in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/51ac4405-5c80-4e72-8f7a-bbc27e8066b2.

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The aim of this research is to develop a computer-aided detection system for prostate cancer within the peripheral zone, based on single modality T2-W Magnetic Resonance Imaging. As the most diagnosed and second leading cause of death from cancer in men, prostate cancer is a significant health problem globally. In fact, considering the deficiencies in current clinical screening methods, there is a need for a rapid development of MRI technologies and computer algorithms to better detect prostate cancer. In this thesis, we developed one unsupervised, and two supervised computer algorithms, using different texture descriptors involving different resolutions, filters, techniques and orientations. For classification purposes, we investigated 11 machine learning algorithms to build predictive models. This thesis also investigated the effects of window sizes for all performance metrics. In the proposed unsupervised method a small number of texture descriptors were used to differentiate benign and malignant regions. Subsequently, the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm was employed to segment malignant regions. The resulting binary segmentations were then combined to find overlapping regions with the highest probability of being malignant. In contrast, the two supervised methods were based on 215 texture descriptors and textons. Both methods used the same machine learning algorithms in the training and classification phases. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods, the unsupervised and supervised methods were tested based on 37 (275 MRI images) and 45 (418 MRI images) patients, respectively. The performance evaluations showed that the results of all methods were comparable with the state-of-the-art in the literature in terms of area under the curve, classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The contributions of this thesis are three-fold. First, we developed novel supervised and unsupervised computer-aided detection systems for prostate cancer, which are different from those produced hitherto, in the sense of our methods exploit different combinations of texture descriptors and machine learning algorithms. In fact, this thesis is the first study which has thoroughly investigated textons in prostate cancer detection. Secondly, this thesis made an extensive investigation into the effects of window size, both on the methods and feature's performance itself. Thirdly, we provide an extensive quantitative comparison of the performances of 11 machine learning algorithms and a thorough qualitative comparison between our results and the state-of-the-art in the literature.
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Manseck, Andreas, Karsten Guhr, Michael Fröhner, Oliver W. Hakenberg, and Manfred P. Wirth. "Morbidity and Discomfort of Ten-Core Biopsy of the Prostate Evaluated by Questionnaire." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133871.

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Transition zone biopsies have been found to increase the detection rates of cancer of the prostate in patients with negative digital rectal examination. There are however no data available whether the higher biopsy rate is associated with greater morbidity. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the complication rate of extended sextant biopsy. In this prospective study, 162 consecutive patients who presented for prostatic evaluation were included. After starting prophylactic antibiotic treatment 48 h prior to the procedure, transrectal ultrasound-guided core biopsies were obtained from each lobe: three each from the peripheral zone (apex, mid-zone and base) and two from the transition zone of each prostatic lobe. In all patients a questionnaire was obtained 10–12 days after the procedure. Major complications occurred in 3 patients. In 2 of the 3 cases major macroscopic hematuria was treated by an indwelling catheter for 1 or 2 days and 1 patient developed fever &gt;38.5°C for 1 day. Minor macroscopic hematuria was present in 68.5% of the patients. In 17.9% of these cases, the hematuria lasted for more than 3 days. Hematospermia was observed in 19.8% and minor rectal bleeding occurred in 4.9%. Ten-core biopsies did not lead to an increase in adverse effects or complications when compared to the results of sextant biopsies reported in the literature<br>Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Manseck, Andreas, Karsten Guhr, Michael Fröhner, Oliver W. Hakenberg, and Manfred P. Wirth. "Morbidity and Discomfort of Ten-Core Biopsy of the Prostate Evaluated by Questionnaire." Karger, 2001. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27544.

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Transition zone biopsies have been found to increase the detection rates of cancer of the prostate in patients with negative digital rectal examination. There are however no data available whether the higher biopsy rate is associated with greater morbidity. The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the complication rate of extended sextant biopsy. In this prospective study, 162 consecutive patients who presented for prostatic evaluation were included. After starting prophylactic antibiotic treatment 48 h prior to the procedure, transrectal ultrasound-guided core biopsies were obtained from each lobe: three each from the peripheral zone (apex, mid-zone and base) and two from the transition zone of each prostatic lobe. In all patients a questionnaire was obtained 10–12 days after the procedure. Major complications occurred in 3 patients. In 2 of the 3 cases major macroscopic hematuria was treated by an indwelling catheter for 1 or 2 days and 1 patient developed fever >38.5°C for 1 day. Minor macroscopic hematuria was present in 68.5% of the patients. In 17.9% of these cases, the hematuria lasted for more than 3 days. Hematospermia was observed in 19.8% and minor rectal bleeding occurred in 4.9%. Ten-core biopsies did not lead to an increase in adverse effects or complications when compared to the results of sextant biopsies reported in the literature.<br>Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Huang, Pin Hsun, and 黃品勳. "Prostate DCE-MRI: Discriminate transitional zone and peripheral zone prostate cancer by using histogram analysis." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e722n8.

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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>生醫工程與環境科學系<br>103<br>The principle of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) applying in tumor detection is based on tumor angiogenesis. DCE-MRI can noninvasively assess tissue vascularity by injecting contrast agent and time intensity curve can be obtained then analyzed by quantitative or semi-quantitative approach. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign condition with hyper-vascularity within the TZ. This benign condition makes that detecting prostate in the transitional zone (TZ) is still a challenge. The hypothesis in this study is that tumor vascular heterogeneity could help to discriminate the TZ prostate cancer from BPH. In this study, histogram analysis in wash in slope map and delay phase slope map were carried out on the DCE-MRI data of the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Several indexes were evaluated to investigate the efficiency on differentiating prostate cancer from BPH.
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Lin, Wei-chun, and 林韋群. "Prediction of Gleason grading for peripheral zone prostate cancer using multi-parametric magnetic resonance images." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/238qx3.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>生醫工程研究所<br>105<br>Background: The clinical diagnosis of patients with prostate cancer relies on the physician’s judgment based on pathology texture of invasive biopsy. The decision of treatment options depends on the Gleason grade of biopsy and overall condition of the patient. So it is valuable to predict the histological grade using invasive slices from non-invasive medical images. Methods: This study aims to predict whether the Gleason grading is higher than G4+3 or not from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of peripheral zone prostate cancer to assist radiologists in finding lesions and provide treatment information. In this study, there are 46 patients consisting of 39 patients for training a mathematic model and 7 patients for testing the model. Each patient has three types of images, T2-weighted images, apparent diffusion coefficient, and diffusion-weighted images. A professional radiologist circles the lesion area and determines its Gleason grade for all the MRI images. For every lesion area, a number of subimages with the size of 25 * 25 were extracted. There were 145 training images and 20 test images for each type of images. We extracted 360 texture features from each image and there were 1080 features for a patent with three types of images. A set of informative features were selected by statistical analysis and an inheritable bi-objective combinatorial genetic algorithm with cooperation of support vector machine (SVM). A SVM-based model was established using the identified feature set for prediction of Gleason grade. Results: A set of seven informative features of texture with cooperation of SVM was obtained. The prediction model achieved a training accuracy of 100% and a test accuracy of 80% where the test sensitivity and specificity were 66.6% and 90.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The image calibration, image segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and parameter setting of SVM significantly affect the prediction performance. This study provides a detailed procedure of optimal feature selection and achieved a satisfactory result. Some test image with failed prediction reveals that the image has presented some significant cancer features or bleeding conditions resulting in an error judgment. The future work is to increase the number of training patients for advancing prediction performance.
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Books on the topic "Prostate zones"

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Beckman, Thomas J., and Haitham S. Abu-Lebdeh. Men’s Health. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0465.

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction are among the commonest diagnoses in a men's health practice. BPH is common among older men. The prostate is the size of a walnut (20 cm3) in men younger than 30 years and it gradually increases in size, leading to BPH in most men older than 60 years. BPH results from epithelial and stromal cell growth, which begins in the transitional zone of the prostate and causes urinary outflow resistance. Over time, this resistance leads to detrusor muscle dysfunction, urinary retention, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Male sexual dysfunction includes erectile dysfunction (ED), decreased libido, anatomical abnormalities (eg, Peyronie disease), and ejaculatory dysfunction. ED, defined as the inability to achieve erections firm enough for vaginal penetration, affects millions of men in the United States.
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Book chapters on the topic "Prostate zones"

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Yuan, Jing, Eranga Ukwatta, Wu Qiu, et al. "Jointly Segmenting Prostate Zones in 3D MRIs by Globally Optimized Coupled Level-Sets." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40395-8_2.

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Alfarone, Andrea, Giuseppe D’Eramo, Luisa Di Mare, and Valeria Panebianco. "Lesioni precancerose e gray zone: aspetti clinici e pattern RM." In Imaging RM della prostata. Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1516-6_11.

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Villers, Arnauld, and Kae Jack Tay. "Focal Therapy for Anterior Cancers (Originated from Transition Zone)." In Imaging and Focal Therapy of Early Prostate Cancer. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49911-6_28.

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O’Hanlon Brown, Ciara, and Jonathan Waxman. "Hormonal therapy of prostate cancer." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1149.

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Prostate cancer is the most common cancer to effect men and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Premalignant change or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia has been detected within the prostate glands of men under 30 years of age. The incidence of prostate cancer remains negligible until men reach their 40s from whence it rises steadily and by 80 years 70% of men have detectable tumours at autopsy (1). A majority of prostate cancers arise from the peripheral zone of the prostate and rarely cause obstructive symptoms. Consequently, prostate cancers have historically presented late, with symptoms of metastatic disease. The advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has produced a stage shift so that at present over 90% of prostate cancers are diagnosed as organ-confined disease. PSA diagnosis has unmasked a subset of prostate tumours that exhibit an indolent growth pattern and appear destined to remain organ-confined tumours the patient dies with, and not from. US SEER data estimates a 50-year-old man has a 42% chance of developing prostate cancer but only a 3.6% chance of dying from the disease. Features, either clinical or molecular, which would allow clinicians to clearly differentiate indolent from aggressive disease while still at the organ-confined stage, have yet to be identified (1). Adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological subtype of prostate cancer, accounting for 95% of tumours. Prostatic adenocarcinomas arise from androgen receptor-positive epithelial cells. On histological examination, prostate cancers appear multifocal and demonstrate heterogeneity both within individual tumours and across populations. This has created an obstacle as researchers attempt to subclassify prostate cancer and identify the molecular defects responsible for driving prostatic carcinogenesis (1). Of prostate cancers, 80–90% are androgen receptor-positive at diagnosis (2), thus to date the androgen–androgen receptor axis is the sole molecular feature of this disease that has been successfully harnessed as a therapeutic target.
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Lee, Christine U., and James F. Glockner. "Case 12.18." In Mayo Clinic Body MRI Case Review, edited by Christine U. Lee and James F. Glockner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199915705.003.0316.

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62-year-old man with a recent diagnosis of prostate cancer; the Gleason score is 7 (3+4) on the left and 6 on the right Axial FRFSE T2-weighted images (Figure 12.18.1) obtained with an endorectal coil demonstrate a triangular region of low signal intensity within the peripheral zone of the prostate centrally. There is more heterogeneous decreased signal intensity in the anterior right peripheral zone and in the central zone. Axial arterial phase postgadolinium 3D SPGR images (...
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Lee, Christine U., and James F. Glockner. "Case 12.16." In Mayo Clinic Body MRI Case Review, edited by Christine U. Lee and James F. Glockner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199915705.003.0314.

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61-year-old man with an elevated PSA on routine physical examination Axial (Figure 12.16.1) and sagittal (Figure 12.16.2) T2-weighted FRFSE images obtained with an endorectal coil demonstrate marked enlargement of the central gland of the prostate, which contains numerous heterogeneous nodules of variable signal intensity. The peripheral zone is compressed and difficult to visualize on the axial images, but it can be seen as a thin lip of tissue projecting along the posterior margin of the prostate on the sagittal image....
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Li, Hong, Ryo Sugihara, and Kazuro Sugimura. "Prostate Cancer Within the Transition Zone." In Cancer Imaging. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012374212-4.50143-7.

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Lee, Christine U., and James F. Glockner. "Case 12.23." In Mayo Clinic Body MRI Case Review, edited by Christine U. Lee and James F. Glockner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199915705.003.0321.

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45-year-old man with hematuria and difficulty voiding Axial T2-weighted FRFSE images (Figure 12.23.1) obtained using an endorectal coil demonstrate a large infiltrative mass in the peripheral zone of the prostate. The mass invades the seminal vesicles and extends into the central zone in the apex. Note the loss of the well-defined posterior capsular margin indicating extracapsular extension, involvement of the right and probably the left neurovascular bundles, continuity of the mass with the anterior wall of the rectum, and the large perirectal lymph node on the first image....
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Lee, Christine U., and James F. Glockner. "Case 12.19." In Mayo Clinic Body MRI Case Review, edited by Christine U. Lee and James F. Glockner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199915705.003.0317.

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62-year-old man with a history of prostate carcinoma (Gleason score 3+3) on ultrasound-guided biopsy Axial T2-weighted FRFSE images (Figure 12.19.1) obtained with an endorectal coil demonstrate a hypointense lesion in the left anterior peripheral zone with probable involvement of the central gland. The lesion shows high signal intensity on axial diffusion-weighted images (b=1,000 s/mm...
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Conference papers on the topic "Prostate zones"

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Chinn, Daniel, Elvis Nditafon, Alvin Yew, and Chandrasekhar Thamire. "Thermal Therapy Protocols for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176764.

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Thermal therapy for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is becoming increasingly popular due to the minimally invasive nature of the treatment. Successful management of such therapy requires accurate estimation of thermal dosage. The purpose of this study is to provide correlations for the thermal damage caused by ultrasound, microwave, and infrared devices under a range of operating conditions. A boundary-fitting finite difference method is used to examine the heat transfer in the prostate gland and surrounding tissue. The Pennes bioheat transfer model and a porous media model were utilized to calculate temperature histories. Necrosis zones were determined using published necrosis data for prostatic tissue and cells. Thermal damage correlations for the three different hyperthermia sources along with sample temperature contours and necrosis zones are presented. Results indicate that the applicator power level and heating time are the most important parameters in achieving the desired necrosis zones, while coolant parameters strongly affect the temperatures of the sensitive urethra and serve as constraints for protocol parameters. Out of the three sources evaluated, ultrasound modality appears to be the most capable of causing necrosis in the target zones, with least damage to the surrounding healthy tissues.
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Thamire, Chandrasekhar, and Sharath Bellary. "A Numerical Study of Microwave Thermotherapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47505.

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Transurethral resection of the prostate is the conventional therapy used for relieving bladder-outflow obstruction that typically occurs in older men due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Due to the complications and side effects involved, other therapies that are less invasive have been in use over the last few years. The current study examines one such therapy, namely, the transurethral thermal therapy, and its effectiveness as a treatment modality for BPH. The system considered here is capable of delivering microwave energy preferentially into the prostatic tissue. The heat generated inductively increases the temperature of the tissue to well above 40°C and causes necrosis when applied for adequate times. As both heating times and temperatures dictate the process, a transient analysis of the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation was performed for applicable parameter values. Based on the calculated temperature distributions, necrosis zones are estimated using the existing cell-death data and possible heating protocols are suggested.
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Mckinnis, Jiro D., and Hao Nguyen. "Abstract 263: African American prostate cancer incidence rates inside and outside of zinc zones." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-263.

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Thamire, Chandrasekhar, Rao L. Divi, and Mukesh Verma. "A Theoretical Comparison of the Efficacy of Microwave and Ultrasound Applicators Used in Transurethral Thermal Therapy." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72674.

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Microwave and ultrasound energy sources are commonly used in minimally invasive thermal therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Successful management of the therapy using either of these methods requires an accurate estimation of the thermal dosage. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, theoretically, the thermal damage caused by typical transurethral microwave and ultrasound applicators for different thermal doses and compare the efficacy of the two methods. Using an Alternating-direction implicit method, the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation is solved for different levels of power and heating times. Internal and external cooling is applied to preserve the urethral and rectal lining and to control the temperatures within the tissue. The extent of thermal coagulation is determined from the resulting temperature histories, using the existing experimental thermal damage data for prostate tumor cells. The temperatures and damage contours calculated are validated using an Arrhenius analysis of the temperature and thermal-lesion data from the available experimental results. Results show that the calculated damage zones are in good agreement with those observed in the experiments. Results from calculations for different combinations of the parameters are presented in terms of the transient temperature histories and radial and axial extent of the lesion shapes. These results suggest that both methods can yield comparable thermal damage, though ultrasound appears to possess an improved control of directional heating.
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Paolini, Lara, and Chandrasekhar Thamire. "Treatment Protocols for Managing Transurethral Thermal Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81421.

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Application of thermal therapy using microwave or ultrasound applicators is becoming increasingly popular as a minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Successful management of the therapy using such methods requires an accurate estimation of the thermal dosage. The purpose of this study is to theoretically evaluate the thermal damage caused by different heating sources for different values of thermal doses and operating parameters. Using a 3-D finite differences method, the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation is solved for selected operating parameters. Necrosis zones are then determined from published necrosis data for prostatic tumor cells. Sample results are presented in terms of the temperature contours and necrosis zones. Results indicate that heating time and power level are the most important parameters in creating the desired necrosis zones, while coolant parameters strongly affect the temperatures of the sensitive urethra and serve as constraints for protocol parameters.
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Satish, Pranav, Alex Freeman, Daniel Kelly, et al. "Prostate cancer topography and tumour conspicuity on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review and meta-analysis." In VIRTUAL ACADEMIC SURGERY CONFERENCE 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.04.001.2.

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Introduction The implications of tumour location on mpMRI conspicuity are not fully understood. Identifying topographical correlates that influence conspicuity may improve outcomes. Here, we present the first systematic review and meta-analysis describing the effect of tumour location on prostate cancer conspicuity on mpMRI. Methods Medline, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were systematically searched and results were assessed as per the PRISMA statement. Differential tumour conspicuity on mpMRI was compared between cancers in the peripheral zone (PZ), transitional zone (TZ), base, apex, anterior and posterior. Meta-analysis was conducted to compare diagnostic odds ratios (DOR) of mpMRI detection for tumours in the PZ and TZ. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021228087. Results Thematic synthesis showed apical and basal tumours had reduced conspicuity compared to mid-gland tumours. Cancer in the TZ demonstrated increased conspicuity on T2-weighted imaging, whilst PZ cancers had higher conspicuity on diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast enhancement imaging. mpMRI had better diagnostic accuracy for PZ lesions, albeit higher specificity for TZ lesions. Meta-analysis showed an increased DOR for PZ tumours (OR: 7.206 [95% CI: 4.991;10.403], compared to TZ (OR: 5.310 [95% CI: 3.082; 9.151]). However, the test for subgroup differences was not significant (p = 0.2743). Conclusions Cancer in the apex or base of the prostate may be less conspicuous than mid-gland tumours. Similarly, TZ cancer appears to have reduced conspicuity compared to PZ cancer, however, meta-analysis did not show a significant difference between DOR. Future larger studies with prospective datasets are required to clarify the relationship between tumour position and conspicuity.
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Ma, Xiaozhi, Dongdong Xie, Jing Fang, and Shu Zhan. "Segmentation of Prostate Peripheral Zone based on Multi-scale Features Enhancement." In the Third International Symposium. ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3364836.3364906.

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"Detection of Prostate Abnormality within the Peripheral Zone using Local Peak Information." In International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004762905100519.

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Liu, Xin, Masoom A. Haider, and Imam Samil Yetik. "Automated prostate cancer localization with MRI without the need of manually extracted peripheral zone." In 2011 8th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2011.5872826.

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Niaf, Emilie, Olivier Rouvière, and Carole Lartizien. "Computer-aided diagnosis for prostate cancer detection in the peripheral zone via multisequence MRI." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Ronald M. Summers and Bram van Ginneken. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.877231.

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Reports on the topic "Prostate zones"

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Te, Alexis E. Prostate Specific Antigen Density of the Transition Zone in Ethnically Diverse Men. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377918.

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