Academic literature on the topic 'Prostitutes – Health and hygiene – Nigeria'
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Journal articles on the topic "Prostitutes – Health and hygiene – Nigeria"
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Okaeme, A. N. "Fish Mongers and Public Awareness on Fish-Food Hygiene in Nigeria." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 112, no. 4 (August 1992): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409211200402.
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Ohwo, Odafivwotu. "Analysis of households' vulnerability to waterborne diseases in Yenagoa, Nigeria." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.052.
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Abstract Waterborne diseases have serious implications for public health and socio-economic development; hence, this study analyzes households' vulnerability to waterborne diseases in Yenagoa. The study adopted the survey research design, which involves the administration of a structured questionnaire to 400 sampled households using the stratified and systematic sampling techniques, and direct field observation of households' drinking water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Households' vulnerability to waterborne diseases was determined by households' response to five vulnerability drivers (drinking water source, sanitation facility, hygiene, education, and income). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation and a waterborne disease vulnerability (WDV) model. The findings revealed that households in Yenagoa were moderately vulnerable to waterborne diseases as the calculated WDV was 55.65%. The Spearman's correlation coefficients for education with sanitation, drinking water sources and hygiene were 0.75, 1, and 0.6, respectively. This shows that the educational status of households is a major determinant of the choice of water source, sanitation, and hygiene practices. It is therefore recommended that much effort should be made by respective households and the government to improve on the quality of the vulnerability drivers, which have the capacity to reduce households' vulnerability to waterborne diseases in Yenagoa.
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Okpala, Charles Odilichukwu R., Obichukwu Chisom Nwobi, and Małgorzata Korzeniowska. "Assessing Nigerian Butchers’ Knowledge and Perception of Good Hygiene and Storage Practices: A Cattle Slaughterhouse Case Analysis." Foods 10, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061165.
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In Nigeria, the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) guides the inspection and production of beef meat and prescribes the good practices pertinent to beef products’ handling, processing, and packaging. Specifically, good hygiene practice (GHP) assures beef product safety and consumer protection, whereas good storage practice (GSP) assures the continuity of hygiene activities within the storage stages. Relevant literature about butchers’ knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices within Nigeria slaughterhouses remains scant. This current study, therefore, assessed butchers’ knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices through a cattle slaughterhouse case analysis. The selected cattle slaughterhouse serves the increasingly thriving Nsukka beef market in Enugu State, Nigeria. Content validation was utilised to authenticate the questionnaire items, which were administered face-to-face to the respondents (i.e., the butchers). The questionnaire included a total of 30 questions. The results showed that the butchers were male (Freq. = 100%, n = 50), acquired their knowledge informally (Freq. = 88%, n = 44), were largely with more than 5 years of slaughterhouse experience (Freq. = 82%, n = 41), and were strongly (p < 0.0001) familiar with good hygiene (Freq. = 96%, n = 48) and storage (Freq. = 98%, n = 49) practices. The butchers provided examples that demonstrated knowledge and perception aspects of GHP and GSP. The perception aspects of GHP and GSP were correlated more, compared to knowledge and knowledge versus perception. Very conscious of their knowledge and perception of good hygiene and storage practices, the butchers herein have to strive for continuous improvement in their slaughterhouse activities to assure beef quality and consumer safety.
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Oluwatosin Makanjuola, John, Uyi Idah Ekowmenhenhen, Lillian Lami Enone, Donna Chioma Umesi, Oladunni Mojirayo Ogundana, and Godwin Toyin Arotiba. "Mercury hygiene and biomedical waste management practices among dental health-care personnel in public hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 21, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i1.56.
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Background: Indiscriminate disposal of hospital wastes including mercury/amalgam wastes pose a serious threat to life and environment. There is a growing concern about biomedical waste (BMW) management among health care workers, however there are limited reports on BMW management by dental personnel in developing countries.
Objectives: This study investigated the level of knowledge of BMW, observance of proper mercury hygiene and BMW management practice among public dental personnel in Lagos State, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study regarding BMW management across public hospitals in Lagos State, Nigeria was con- ducted following institutional ethics committee approval. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized to obtain data from different facilities selected by purposive and simple random sampling techniques as applicable. The questionnaires were dis- tributed among 437 respondents by convenience sampling. The resulting data were statistically tested using Chi-square and G-test with p-value < 0.05 indicating significant level.
Results: Amongst 437 respondents, majority were females (62.5%) and the highest proportion fell within the age range of 25–34 years (44.4%). Only 17.2% of the respondents had good knowledge of BMW management/legislation and 4.1% had good BMW practice. Less than half (49.4%) of respondents disposed mercury-contaminated materials inside the trash and majority (92.2%) did not observe proper mercury hygiene. Significantly better mercury hygiene practices were observed in secondary facilities (p=0.040).
Conclusion: A minor proportion of public dental personnel had good knowledge and practice of proper mercury hygiene and BMW management. This shows there is an urgent need for training of health personnel on proper BMW handling and disposal in developing countries like Nigeria.
Keywords: Biomedical waste management; mercury hygiene; dental personnel; Nigeria.
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Rasheed, Tajudeen Olusegun, and Wasiu Adebowale Afolabi. "Maternal and Adolescent Factors Associated with Menstrual Hygiene of Girls in Senior Secondary Schools in Lagos, Nigeria." Journal of Maternal and Child Health 6, no. 1 (2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2021.06.01.04.
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Background: Menstrual hygiene has not received proper attention deserved among adolescent girls in Nigeria. Unhygienic practices during menstruation can increase the vulnerability to reproductive tract infections, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and associated complications. This study was conducted to assessment maternal and female adolescent factors associated with the menstrual hygiene of the female adolescent surveyed. Subjects and Method: A quantitative and cross-sectional study was collected in October 2018, using structured questionnaires with validity and reliability established through pilot study. The target population N= 300 is the female students (female adolescent) aged 10-19 years old attending the selected Senior Secondary School (SSS1- SSS3) classes in Lagos, Nigeria. The sample size was determined and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Hypotheses were tested using Chi-square and a multiple logistic regression. Results: The findings revealed that female adolescent who uses sanitary pad and not tissue paper or cotton cloth were 3.3 times more likely to practice good menstrual hygiene (OR= 3.31, 95% CI= 2.31 to 9.38, p= 0.010). Similarly, female adolescent who received information on menstrual hygiene from their mothers’ prior the onset of menstruation were 11.9 time more likely to practice good menstrual hygiene (OR= 11.93, 95% CI= 2.94 to 56.80, p= 0.002). The participants menstrual hygiene status shows that n=210, 70.0% indicated good menstrual hygiene practices, while n=90, 30.0% indicated poor menstrual hygiene practice. Conclusion: The intrinsic factors of the female adolescent and support received from their mother prior the onset of menstruation have the potential to improve female adolescent reproductive health and wellbeing. Youth Hygiene Initiative is recommended to provide good milieu for the female adolescent to interact and learn more about their health in school and at home. Keywords: maternal, female adolescent, menstrual hygiene, practices, secondary school, Nigeria Correspondence: Tajudeen Olusegun Rasheed. Department of Health, Safety & Environment Studies, Training & Research Institute, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission Academy, Karu, Abuja, Nigeria. Email: tajrash2005@gmail.com or tajudeen.rasheed@waldenu.edu. Phone: +234- 803-800-7373.
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Omuemu, VivianOssaidiom, EsoheO Ogboghodo, RosemaryA Opene, Phebe Oriarewo, and Orezimena Onibere. "Hand hygiene practices among doctors in a tertiary health facility in southern Nigeria." Journal of Medicine in the Tropics 15, no. 2 (2013): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2276-7096.123579.
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Edoror, Faith I., Elizabeth O. Oloruntoba, and Shade J. Akinsete. "Knowledge and perception of the role of water, sanitation and hygiene in containment of Ebola virus disease among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 4 (July 29, 2019): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.132.
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Abstract This study assessed the knowledge and perception of the role of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in the containment of Ebola virus disease (EVD) among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 420 students from eight schools (public and private) in Ibadan was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Overall, 60% reported EVD was airborne. A majority (71%) of the respondents had good knowledge of EVD, while a majority (92%) had a good perception of the role of WASH in EVD containment. Class of respondents was significantly (p = 0.045) associated with knowledge of WASH. Although schools had satisfactory sanitary facilities, only a few (21%) sustained good hygiene practices at the end of the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria. Our findings revealed suboptimal knowledge on transmission of EVD, and unsustainable hygiene practices among secondary students post-Nigeria's EVD outbreak. High priority should be given to hygiene education among educators and students. Implementation of monitoring and evaluation of hygiene behaviour among secondary school students should also be a priority.
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Umahi Nnennaya, Esther, Sonnen Atinge, Somterimmam Paul Dogara, and Rimande Joel Ubandoma. "Menstrual hygiene management among adolescent school girls in Taraba State, Nigeria." African Health Sciences 21, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 842–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i2.45.
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Background: The onset of menstruation denotes a landmark event in pubertal development of the adolescent girl. Lack of adequate knowledge and good menstrual hygiene management can have far reaching consequences on the girl’s wellbeing, dignity and reproductive health.
Objectives: This study assessed the menstrual knowledge and hygiene practices of adolescent school girls in Taraba State, Nigeria.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study conducted among 297 adolescent school girls. Participants were selected using multistage sampling technique. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for the analysis of data.
Results: The mean age at menarche was 13.7 years (± 6.7). Over three-quarter (76.1%) of the girls knew about menstruation before experiencing it. Mothers (48.1%) were the leading source of information about menstruation to the students. The study found that 207 (69.7%) of respondents had good knowledge about menstruation while 171 (57.58%) had good men- strual hygiene management. Knowledge was significantly associated with good menstrual hygiene management (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Knowledge of menstruation and hygienic practices during menstruation among the participants in the study was encouraging. Every adolescent girl should be equipped with the right knowledge and support for good menstrual hy- giene management.
Keywords: Menstrual hygiene; adolescents; Taraba; Nigeria.
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Muhammad, Faisal, Jamil Hassan Abdulkareem, and ABM Alauddin Chowdhury. "Major Public Health Problems in Nigeria: A review." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 7, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v7i1.34672.
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The inadequate programs designed to address the numerous health problems in Nigeria have led to the little improvement in our health status. Besides the continued neglect of the importance of addressing public health issues would make matters worse for poor Nigerians most of who are at the receiving end. This study adopted a qualitative approach, so as to adequately describe the study aims and objectives. The data for this study were collected through scientific database sources, web search engines, direct observation and relevant documents from the Nigerian Ministry of Health. The major public health challenges Nigeria faces are infectious diseases, control of vector some diseases, maternal mortality, infant mortality, poor sanitation and hygiene, disease surveillance, non-communicable diseases and road traffic injuries etcetera. Nigeria is currently working towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Despite the collaborative efforts of both Nigerian Government, Donor Agencies and NGOs to provide an efficient and effective health care delivery in Nigeria.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 6-11
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Buxton, Helen, Erin Flynn, Olutunde Oluyinka, Oliver Cumming, Joanna Esteves Mills, Tess Shiras, Stephen Sara, and Robert Dreibelbis. "Hygiene During Childbirth: An Observational Study to Understand Infection Risk in Healthcare Facilities in Kogi and Ebonyi States, Nigeria." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071301.
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Background: Infections acquired during labour and delivery are a significant cause of maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Adherence to hand hygiene protocols is a critical component of infection prevention strategies, but few studies have closely examined the hand hygiene of health care providers with sufficient detail to understand infection risks and prioritize prevention strategies. Methods: This observational study was conducted in six healthcare facilities in Nigeria. In each, five women were observed from the onset of labour through to delivery of the placenta. Hand hygiene infection risk was estimated for all procedures requiring aseptic technique compared against adherence to proper hand hygiene protocol and potential recontamination events. Results: Hands were washed with soap and sterile gloves applied with no observed recontamination before only 3% of all observed procedures requiring aseptic technique. There was no significant difference in hygiene compliance between midwives and doctors nor facilities or states. Adherence to proper hygiene protocol was observed more in morning compared to afternoon and night shifts. Conclusions: This study highlights that hand hygiene remains a barrier to delivering high-quality and safe care in health facilities. Improving hygiene practices during labour and delivery will require strategies that extend beyond infrastructure provision.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prostitutes – Health and hygiene – Nigeria"
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Iwar, Vivian. "Hygiene Beliefs, Attitudes, and Practices of Suya Producers in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3786.
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The street food sector continues to grow in Nigeria in a largely unregulated environment. The lack of regulation poses a significant public health risk for consuming unsafe street foods such as suya. Quantitative research has revealed high levels of microbiological contamination of suya, despite qualitative findings that suggest that food handlers are knowledgeable about safe food handling practices. This discrepancy reveals a gap in understanding about what influences safe food handling practices besides knowledge. This qualitative study was therefore designed to gain a deeper understanding of the beliefs and attitudes that influence hygienic practices among suya producers. Guided by the social cognitive theory, a phenomenological design was used to investigate and describe the hygiene phenomenon. Ten suya operators were recruited in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria, to participate in the study. Data were collected from interviews and observation of participants. Semistructured, open-ended questionnaires were used in face-to-face interviews to elicit participants' views on hygiene. Hygiene practices among participants were also observed. Information gathered was recorded, stored, transcribed, and analyzed using the NVivo software and based on emerging themes. The findings revealed that participants' understanding of hygiene was related to popular culture rather than science. Furthermore, findings also revealed that family, religious, and cultural beliefs, as well as environmental factors such as consumer attitude influenced their hygiene practices. These findings may provide evidence-based guidance for public health interventions for safer suya production processes with positive social change implications for improved consumer health.
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Zhang, Yihuai, and 張藝懷. "The study of cross-border FSWs in two China-Burma cross-border areas : HIV/AIDS prevalence and related factors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206973.
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Background
AIDS as a burden to all over the world caused serious problems in some developing regions by threatening health of the population and stability of the society, especially in cross-border areas that have a complex crowd with many migrants. The HIV/AIDS situation of cross-border FSWs in China-Burma border region is not comprehensively known so far. Only have a clearly understanding of their circumstances, can health workers provide target health services for them.
Objectives
In view of the increasing HIV epidemic in China-Burma border areas in the past several years, this study tries to understand the HIV prevalence among two groups of cross-border FSWs; further describe socio-demographic characteristics in each group; identify risk behaviours related to consistent condom use; interpret HIV risk factors that contribute to HIV infection in each group of FSWs; describe health services currently being provided and particular health services needs of these FSWs.
Methods
This cross-sectional research design comprises two parts. Part one is a questionnaire based face-to-face interview to obtain self-reported information. A total of 142 cross-border FSWs were recruited from Ruili City, China (Burmese FSWs) and Laukkai City, Burma (Chinese FSWs). Convenience sampling method was used. Risk factors that mutually adjusted were analysed in two logistic regression models regarding condom use and HIV infection in each group and odds ratios (ORs) were obtained with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Part two of this study is voluntary venous blood drawing and testing for HIV infection. 136 cross-border FSWs [6 of part one (questionnaire interview) participants refused] attended part two study.
Results
In general, Burmese cross-border FSWs tended to be older, lower educated and married and had higher HIV prevalence (18.8%) compared with Chinese women (5%). Frequency of condom use with the paying clients was higher than with the regular partners in both groups. After adjustment, drug users had statistically significant OR of 6.89 (95% CI: 1.12 to 42.38) for condom use frequency in last sex behaviour compare to non-users in Burmese FSWs; based on Chinese FSWs’ condom use model, the more paying clients, the higher frequency of condom use they had (OR: 0.63 with 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.9). Age (year of birth) had a significant impact with two opposite direction on HIV infection in both Burmese group and the whole study population: positively relate to HIV infection in Burmese model (OR: 1.20 with 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.41); nevertheless, when Chinese ones were added, year of birth negatively related to HIV infection with OR of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74 to 0.96). Generally, Burmese women had proportionally higher health services acceptance proportion to Chinese women. “HIV/AIDS awareness” and “HIV counselling and testing” were the most widely provided services in Burmese and Chinese group, respectively, and “free condom distribution” was the most needed health services of both cross-border FSWs.
Conclusion
This study provides better understanding about cross-border FSWs working in China-Burma border areas in which little information about their demographics, HIV infection, and high-risk behaviour has been known. From public health perspective, development and implementation of public health interventions and policies can get inspiration and support from this study.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Leong, Sio-iok Jacqueline, and 梁小玉. "The consistency and correctness of condom use among Chinese female sexworkers in Macau SAR." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724852.
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Agwu, Micheal Ezenna. "The health status and lifestyle behaviours of university students in Nigeria by sex and ethnicity." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2014. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3266/.
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Background: The health determinant model indicates that certain sociocultural, sociodemographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors influence health status and wellbeing of any population group in any given nation (Dahlgren & Whitehead, 1991). Previous studies have suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities due to the interaction of these factors. However, few studies have undertaken such investigation, especially among university students in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the health status and lifestyle behaviours by sex and ethnicity among university students in Nigeria. Method: The study was cross sectional. Full time university students were recruited from six universities within three ethnic groups in Nigeria for the study. Data collection was both subjective and objective. The subjective data was based on an anonymous questionnaire, while the objective data involved direct measurements of height in (m) weight in (kg), and blood pressure (mmHg). Ultimately, 1549 responses were valid, while 563 responses were rejected for various reasons including missing data especially sex and ethnicity. The variables examined were, socio-demographic, general health, mental health, cognitive resources and lifestyle behaviours. Descriptive tests, chi-square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted. Results: Regarding regional characteristics in socioeconomic status, the result indicated sex and ethnicity effects, and irrespective of ethnicity, female students had better monthly income than male students did. The result suggested that students from the Hausa ethnic group reported better monthly income than students from the other ethnic groups. There is evidence that income have a significant effect on health determinant factors. For example, income affects the choice of residential location, ability to pay for health care services, register for gym for physical activity, afford healthy lifestyles, (e.g. eating fruits and vegetables), participate in social activities and maintain positive self- esteem (WHO, 2006; Varela-Mato et al., 2012). With regard to social support, the result indicated sex*ethnicity effects, where female students from the Hausa and Igbo ethnic groups reported better social support than male students, in contrast to the Yoruba ethnic group, where male students reported better social support than females. Students from the Hausa ethnic group saw their GPs more often, had regular medications and had depression more than other ethnic groups. In addition, the result indicated higher prevalence of smoking and the use of psychotic drugs among students from the Hausa ethnic group than other groups. On the other hand, the Yoruba ethnic group had the lowest monthly income, saw their GPs few times and had less frequent medication than the other ethnic groups. In addition, students from the Yoruba ethnic group had low consumption of fruits and are more physically inactive compared to other ethnic groups. Regarding sex characteristics, the study suggested that irrespective of ethnicity female students are less healthy when compared to male students. In addition, significant sex *ethnic interaction effects (P < 0.001) were observed, in most variables examined in the study, indicating that the students health and lifestyles are both sex and ethnicity dependent. The study suggested that female students from the Hausa ethnic group reported better income and social support, compared to students from the other ethnic groups; however, they also reported regular medication, overweight or obesity, mental health problems, and poor cognitive health than female students from Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups. In addition, the Hausa male students’ preferred smaller female body size compared to male students from the other ethnic groups. On the other hand, Igbo female students had a better cognitive health and preferred small female body size than female students from the other ethnic groups. The Yoruba female students are less overweight or obese, but had the highest preference for big female body size and are the least depressed group in the sample. With regard to male students, the result suggested that Igbo male students had regular medication and depression more than other male groups. They also preferred bigger female body size and had better cognitive health than other male groups. On the other hand, Yoruba males reported overweight or obese, than the other male groups. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the health of female students in the sample was poorer than the health of male students; with female students from the Hausa ethnic group, demonstrating the worst possible health outcome. The result also suggested that both high and low socioeconomic statuses are associated with health compromising behaviours among university students in Nigeria. The findings indicated that high cognitive health appraisal might be related to students reporting better mental health especially depression in both male and female students. This study is the first to report that there is an interaction between the different layers of health, in the health determinant model proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991). Secondly, this study has made a major contribution to the understanding that people who live among regions with conflict and violence may report poor health (both physical and mental) compared to those that live in a conflict free zones. Consequently, the results of the present study suggest that conflict and violence be included among the health determinant factors in the health determinant model proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991).
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Iwot, Isang A. "A comparison of coronary heart disease risk factor prevalence among offshore and onshore workers in the petroleum industry in Nigeria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98214.
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Thesis (MFamMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.Background: Coronary heart disease is a global public health problem. Formerly considered rare in sub-Saharan Africa, evidence has shown that urbanization and the adoption of more affluent and sedentary lifestyle in subpopulations of this region, may result in increased prevalence. One such subpopulation is workers in the Nigerian petroleum industry and this study examines their risk factors for coronary heart disease. In addition the study compares the risk profile of onshore and offshore workers. Method: This is a descriptive cross sectional study undertaken to determine the level of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in two groups of male workers of the petroleum industry in Nigeria; the onshore and the offshore workers. Four hundred workers were randomnly selected and invited to participate, with a desired sample size of 234. The data was collected by using an electronic questionnaire to explore life style factors like exercise, diet, and smoking that predispose to this disease. Anthropometric indices included body mass index, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio. Biochemical tests included lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also recorded. The prevalence of known hypertension and diabetes as well as the metabolic syndrome were determined. The questionnaire data was analysed and compared with the chi-square test using the software, Epi-info 2008 Windows Version 3.5.1 and the means of the continuous variables were determined and compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: 121 onshore and 110 offshore workers participated. Overall the cardiovascular risk profile of onshore versus offshore workers in the oil industry was worse. Onshore workers had increased waist circumference,; though there was no significant difference in the Waist-Hip Ratio, increased rates of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertension and were less physically active. Dietary differences were less marked, but more beef and chicken were consumed by onshore while more fish was consumed by offshore workers. Conversely the offshore workers had a higher BMI and lower levels of protective HDL. Overall, in this population, the BMI and the umber of diabetics were higher and the HDL lower than the country figures. Conclusion The obesity profile of the two groups was comparable to that of the Western nations and could become worse. This also reflects the fact that within Nigeria there are sub-populations with cardio-metabolic profiles that depart significantly from the national average. This is most probably due to dietary factors and poor exercise habits and calls for intervention through health promotional activities
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar
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Eze, Jude Ikechukwu. "Modelling HIV/AIDS epidemic in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/642/.
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Nigeria is one of the countries most affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, third only to India and South Africa. With about 10% of the global HIV/AIDS cases estimated to be in the country, the public health and socio-economic implications are enormous. This thesis has two broad aims: the first is to develop statistical models which adequately describe the spatial distribution of the Nigerian HIV/AIDS epidemic and its associated ecological risk factors; the second, to develop models that could reconstruct the HIV incidence curve, obtain an estimate of the hidden HIV/AIDS population and a short term projection for AIDS incidence and a measure of precision of the estimates. To achieve these objectives, we first examined data from various sources and selected three sets of data based on national coverage and minimal reporting delay. The data sets are the outcome of the National HIV/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Survey conducted in 1999, 2001, 2003 and 2005 by the Federal Ministry of Health; the outcome of the survey of 1057 health and laboratory facilities conducted by the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research in 2000; and case by case HIV screening data collected from an HIV/AIDS centre of excellence. A thorough review of methods used by WHO/UNAIDS to produce estimates of the Nigerian HIV/AIDS scenario was carried out. The Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) currently being used for modelling the epidemic partitions the population into at-risk, not-at-risk and infected sub-populations. It also requires some parameter input representing the force of infection and behaviour or high risk adjustment parameter. It may be difficult to precisely ascertain the size of these population groups and parameters in countries as large and diverse as Nigeria. Also, the accuracy of vital rates used in the EPP and Spectrum program is doubtful. Literature on ordinary back-calculation, nonparametric back-calculation, and modified back-calculation methods was reviewed in detail. Also, an indepth review of disease mapping techniques including multilevel models and geostatistical methods was conducted. The existence of spatial clusters was investigated using cluster analysis and some measure of spatial autocorrelation (Moran I and Geary c coefficients, semivariogram and kriging) applied to the National HIV/AIDS Surveillance data. Results revealed the existence of spatial clusters with significant positive spatial autocorrelation coefficients that tended to get stronger as the epidemic developed through time. GAM and local regression fit on the data revealed spatial trends on the north-south and east - west axis. Analysis of hierarchical, spatial and ecological factor effects on the geographical variation of HIV prevalence using variance component and spatial multilevel models was performed using restricted maximum likelihood implemented in R and empirical and full Bayesian methods in WinBUGS. Results confirmed significant spatial effects and some ecological factors were significant in explaining the variation. Also, variation due to various levels of aggregation was prominent. Estimates of cumulative HIV infection in Nigeria were obtained from both parametric and nonparametric back-calculation methods. Step and spline functions were assumed for the HIV infection curve in the parametric case. Parameter estimates obtained using 3-step and 4-step models were similar but the standard errors of these parameters were higher in the 4-step model. Estimates obtained using linear, quadratic, cubic and natural splines differed and also depended on the number and positions of the knots. Cumulative HIV infection estimates obtained using the step function models were comparable with those obtained using nonparametric back-calculation methods. Estimates from nonparametric back-calculation were obtained using the EMS algorithm. The modified nonparametric back-calculation method makes use of HIV data instead of the AIDS incidence data that are used in parametric and ordinary nonparametric back-calculation methods. In this approach, the hazard of undergoing HIV test is different for routine and symptom-related tests. The constant hazard of routine testing and the proportionality coefficient of symptom-related tests were estimated from the data and incorporated into the HIV induction distribution function. Estimates of HIV prevalence differ widely (about three times higher) from those obtained using parametric and ordinary nonparametric back-calculation methods. Nonparametric bootstrap procedure was used to obtain point-wise confidence interval and the uncertainty in estimating or predicting precisely the most recent incidence of AIDS or HIV infection was noticeable in the models but greater when AIDS data was used in the back-projection model. Analysis of case by case HIV screening data indicate that of 33349 patients who attended the HIV laboratory of a centre of excellence for the treatment of HIV/AIDS between October 2000 and August 2006, 7646 (23%) were HIV positive with females constituting about 61% of the positive cases. The bulk of infection was found in patients aged 15-49 years, about 86 percent of infected females and 78 percent of males were in this age group. Attendance at the laboratory and the proportion of HIV positive tests witnessed a remarkable increase when screening became free of charge. Logistic regression analysis indicated a 3-way interaction between time period, age and sex. Removing the effect of time by stratifying by time period left 2-way interactions between age and sex. A Correction factor for underreporting was ascertained by studying attendance at the laboratory facility over two time periods defined by the cost of HIV screening. Estimates of HIV prevalence obtained from corrected data using the modified nonparametric back-calculation are comparable with UN estimates obtained by a different method. The Nigerian HIV/AIDS pandemic is made up of multiple epidemics spatially located in different parts of the country with most of them having the potential of being sustained into the future given information on some risk factors. It is hoped that the findings of this research will be a ready tool in the hands of policy makers in the formulation of policy and design of programs to combat the epidemic in the country. Access to data on HIV/AIDS are highly restricted in the country and this hampers more in-depth modelling of the epidemic. Subject to data availability, we recommend that further work be done on the construction of stratification models based on sex, age and the geopolitical zones in order to estimate the infection intensity in each of the population groups. Uncertainties surrounding assumptions of infection intensity and incubation distribution can be minimized using Bayesian methods in back-projection.
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Abdussalam, Auwal Farouk. "Climate influences on infectious diseases in Nigeria, West Africa." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5368/.
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Meningitis and cholera have remained major health burden in Nigeria, especially in the heavily populated northwest region – which is identified as one of the “hotspots” of climate change. The strong sensitivity that both diseases exhibit to climate is raising concern that future anthropogenic climate change may exacerbate the occurrence of the diseases. This thesis aimed at modelling the influences of climate on the incidence of the selected diseases, and assessing their future risk in northwest Nigeria. The aim is achieved by first, investigating and understanding the spatial and time characteristics of both meteorological and diseases conditions in the region. This was followed by developing and validating suites of empirical statistical models capable of explaining and predicting both diseases. Models that are specifically designed for climate change studies were applied to estimate the future impact of climate change, by forcing them with simulations from an ensemble of statistically downscaled Atmosphere-ocean Global Climate Models (AOGCMs), for three different scenarios in the early and late 21st century. Results from developed models indicate the significant roles of both meteorological and socioeconomic factors on incidence of diseases. Evaluation of models developed with 1-month lagged explanatory variables suggest the potential to predict both diseases cases up to a month to aid decision making. Projection results suggest that future temperature increases due to climate change has the potential to significantly increase diseases cases in all scenarios and time slices. It is noteworthy that the projections result represents only the climatological potential for increased cases due to climate change, assuming that the present prevention strategies remain similar in the future.
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Hameed, Ayisat Titilola. "The National Industrial Court of Nigeria : what future for occupational health and safety." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=226063.
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The importance ascribed by a nation to the subject of occupational safety and health is reflective in the growth, sustainability and the national development of an economy. Besides the economic benefits stood to be derived from an occupational safety and health structure that is constantly nurtured, there is also the human rights issue. Less industrialised nations still grapple with fundamental challenges brought about by occupational health and safety, challenges which more advanced nations seem to effortlessly address. Nigeria falls into the former category, hence, the interest of this thesis. The knowledge of this menace has been in the consciousness of stakeholders in Nigeria particularly in the recent past years. However, no significant action has been taken to alleviate the situation. There are instruments that deal with the subject of occupational health and safety but they all seem to have their attendant issues which make them either inoperable or of insignificant benefit to the situation of workers in Nigeria. The tardy attitude of the Nigerian Law makers also does not help the situation. This thesis is therefore of the view that until the period the Nigerian Government is able to get its bearing right in designing a suitable piece of legislation that shall address the challenges caused by occupational health and safety, it is possible to seek an alternative approach that shall serve as a safety net towards the protection of workers particularly those that are most vulnerable. This alternative approach that the thesis proposes is the National Industrial Court of Nigeria (NICN), a Court that recently acquired the status of a superior court of record and conferred with extensive Constitutional powers over occupational safety and health matters amongst others. It is the anticipation of this thesis that the Court shall make a positive impact where legislation had failed to succeed in its bidding.
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Falade, Bankole Adebayo. "Vaccination resistance, religion and attitudes to science in Nigeria." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/911/.
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The 2003 to 2004 revolt against the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) in Nigeria provides a case study for investigating how a new scientific phenomenon becomes part of common sense in a culture with high levels of religiosity. Moscovici’s Social Representations Theory about how society familiarises itself with the unfamiliar provides a framework for the research which includes two media analyses, historical texts, online and paper administered surveys and interviews. The media analyses examine the OPV controversy and science in the media. Correspondence analysis provides a geometric tool for visualising how the variables in both media analyses position themselves for the construction of genres of science news. Factor analysis groups the attitude items in the survey while logistic regression predicts outcomes controlling for other variables. The media analyses found coverage of science in the period under review was generally positive and grew continually. The coverage of the OPV controversy was also generally positive but did not always mirror faithfully public opinion. Just as some Parisians in Moscovoci’s study likened psychoanalysis to a “symptom of an American invasion”, the initial description of the OPV by the people of northern Nigeria was a “western conspiracy against Muslims.” The survey found different levels of trust in public institutions with scientists and religious leaders similarly rated. Pessimism, fear and progress characterise the attitude variables but the association with knowledge is not linear and confirms the influence of cultural values. Interviewees also confirm survey findings in that they simultaneously have faith in religion and in science. Common sense in Nigeria is a mixture of science and religiosity and the public hold both in reverence: a phenomenon Moscovici refers to as cognitive polyphasia. The study also supports Durkheim’s view that science (in Nigeria) depends on public opinion.
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Chado, Mohammad Alfa. "The function of physical fitness performance as a pre-requisite for admission into physical and health education program at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265555441305.
Full textBooks on the topic "Prostitutes – Health and hygiene – Nigeria"
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Kanungsukkasem, Uraiwan. Pramūan sathānakān thāng dān sukkhaphāp ʻanāmai khō̜ng ying bō̜rikān thāng phēt. Nakhō̜n Pathom: Sathāban Wičhai Prachākō̜n læ Sangkhom, Mahāwitthayālai Mahidon, 1999.
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O'Connor, Ann Marie. Women working in prostitution: Towards a healthier future : second report prepared for EUROPAP and theEastern Health Board (Women's Health Project). Dublin: Women's Education Research and Resource Centre, University College Dublin, 1996.
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Ishola, Ajakaiye David Olusanya, ed. Health seeking behaviour in Nigeria. Ibadan, Nigeria: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (NISER), 2002.
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Women's health and economic empowerment initiative in Nigeria. Jos, Nigeria: International Centre for Gender & Social Research, 2003.
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Macro, ORC, ed. Nigeria demographic and health survey, 2003. Abuja, Nigeria: National Population Commission, 2004.
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Institute, Alan Guttmacher, ed. Barriers to safe motherhood in Nigeria. New York: Guttmacher Institute, 2009.
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Prostitutes in medical literature: An annotated bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
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University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh. Center for Sustainable Development, ACTIONAID Bangladesh (Organization), and Liberation and Empowerment: Attaining Dignity and Rights of Sex Workers and their Children in Bangladesh Project, eds. Sex workers and their children in Bangladesh: Addressing risks and vulnerabilities : a compilation of research conducted as part of the Liberation and Empowerment: Attaining Dignity and Rights of Sex Workers and their Children in Bangladesh (LEADR) Project. Dhaka: Co published by University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh's Center for Sustainable Development & ActionAid Bangladesh, 2012.
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Miralao, Virginia A. Women entertainers in Angeles and Olongapo: A survey report. 2nd ed. [Quezon City, Philippines]: Women's Education, Development, Productivity, and Research Organization and Katipunan ng Kababaihan para sa Kalayaan, 1990.
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Gbemiga, Faniran, and Ojo Deborah. "Inequalities in Households’ Environmental Sanitation Practices in a Developing Nation’s City: The Example of Ile-Ife, Nigeria." In The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.78304.
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Asogwa, Simon E. "Why I became an occupational physician …" In Why I Became an Occupational Physician and Other Occupational Health Stories, 133. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198862543.003.0109.
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Why I became an occupational physician … briefly explores the reasons and influences behind Simon E. Asogwa’s decision to pursue a career in occupational medicine. It takes us through his initial interest in medical jurisprudence, studies at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and return to Nigeria.