Academic literature on the topic 'Protected areas worldwide'
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Journal articles on the topic "Protected areas worldwide"
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Achiso, Zewde. "Biodiversity and Human Livelihoods in Protected Areas: Worldwide Perspective-A Review." SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences 6, no. 3 (May 2020): 2565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ssr-iijls.2020.6.3.6.
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Balmford, A., P. Gravestock, N. Hockley, C. J. McClean, and C. M. Roberts. "The worldwide costs of marine protected areas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 26 (June 17, 2004): 9694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403239101.
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Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G., and Nikoleta Jones. "Protected Areas in Forest Conservation: Challenges and Opportunities." Forests 12, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040488.
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Millage, Katherine D., Juan Carlos Villaseñor-Derbez, Darcy Bradley, Matthew G. Burgess, Hunter S. Lenihan, and Christopher Costello. "Self-financed marine protected areas." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 12 (November 17, 2021): 125001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac3439.
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Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an important tool for conservation but can be victims of their own success—higher fish biomass within MPAs create incentives to poach. This insight underpins the finding that fishing persists in most MPAs worldwide, and it raises questions about MPA monitoring and enforcement. We propose a novel institution to enhance MPA design—a ‘Conservation Finance Area (CFA)’—that utilizes leased fishing zones inside of MPAs, fed by spillover, to finance monitoring and enforcement and achieve greater conservation success. Using a bioeconomic model we show that CFAs can fully finance enforcement, deter illegal fishing, and ultimately maximize fish biomass. Moreover, we show that unless a large, exogenous, and perpetual enforcement budget is available, implementing a CFA in a no-take MPA would always result in higher biomass than without. We also explore real-world enabling conditions, providing a plausible funding pathway to improve outcomes for existing and future MPAs.
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Bushell, Robyn, and Kelly Bricker. "Tourism in protected areas: Developing meaningful standards." Tourism and Hospitality Research 17, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416636173.
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In response to research revealing only 21% of protected areas worldwide have ‘sound’ management practices, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature has introduced The Green List for Protected Areas. A system of certification that has resulted from recognition of the need for global standards for protected area management. While not focused specifically on tourism, visitation and visitor management practices where relevant to the overall management of a park are important components. For many protected areas, tourism is integral, relying on visitors and tourism for financial support. Increasingly, partnerships between conservation and tourism are contributing to changes in attitudes around the issues of biodiversity conservation and environmentally responsible business practices. This paper discusses The Green List concept and a case study of one of the successful pilot sites, Arakwal National Park in Australia. The paper also explores partnerships between conservation and tourism and how these partnerships could unfold through the work of The Green List. The work of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council which encourages such partnerships is also discussed, focused on sustainable tourism criteria.
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Cánovas-Molina, Almudena, and Eduardo García-Frapolli. "Untangling worldwide conflicts in marine protected areas: Five lessons from the five continents." Marine Policy 121 (November 2020): 104185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104185.
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Pettorelli, N., I. J. Gordon, T. Katzner, M. E. Gompper, K. Mock, S. Redpath, T. W. J. Garner, and R. Altwegg. "Protected areas: the challenge of maintaining a strong backbone for conservation strategies worldwide." Animal Conservation 13, no. 4 (June 25, 2010): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00380.x.
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Eugene, Hakizimana, Arturo Lara Rivero, and Ignacio Llamas Huitron. "Social-Ecological System constraints of Protected Areas. A case study of Mexican protected forests." Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2019v8i2.p227-244.
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Protected Areas are worldwide accepted as conservation policy instrument. However, effectiveness of this instrument for sustainability management of protected resources is still problematic. It is in this context this paper investigates Social-Ecological System constraints which lead to unsuccessful situations in protected forests in Mexico. To achieve this objective, a methodology of E. Ostrom SES framework to carry out meta-analysis of case studies of Mexican forests is used. The results show that constraints are imbedded into attributes of governance of these resources by local communities through a set of variables whose patterns of interactions lead to successful or unsuccessful situations. These variables are variables characterizing governance system and variables characterizing actors’ system. The interactions of these variables lead to successful situations in case studies in which local community members highly participate in governance system.
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Jeronymo, Carlos André Luz, Elmo Rodrigues da Silva, and Kenny Tanizaki Fonseca. "The Ideal of Environmental Protection as Protected Areas: a literature review." Ciência e Natura 43 (April 6, 2022): e84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x63107.
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This article analyzes the evolution process of the Protected Areas and the changes in views regarding environmental protection. It is a literature review. In Brazil and other countries, the Protected Areas were created according to international models with different conceptions, mainly the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) recommendations. In the IUCN International Protected Areas System, specific categories of strict sense protected areas allow natural resources and human occupation. In others not. The debate on this issue remains controversial worldwide. On the one hand, there are preservationists (strict protection believers) who argue that only sites with the objective of strict preservation should have the status of Protected Areas. Conservationists believe that such sites could maintain this status, even though they are not exclusively focused on strict preservation. The historical trend persists in considering land use and access to natural resources in occupying space, emphasizing issues of their domain and management, causing conflicts of views and interests. As a result, the establishment and maintenance of areas to be protected become more complex, mainly when they are historically occupied and used by man.
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Guetté, Adrien, Laurent Godet, Martin Juigner, and Marc Robin. "Worldwide increase in Artificial Light At Night around protected areas and within biodiversity hotspots." Biological Conservation 223 (July 2018): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.04.018.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Protected areas worldwide"
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Romero, Brito Tania Paola. "Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in Ecotourism." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368162.
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Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have become major stakeholders in global conservation efforts, particularly in establishing protected areas and proposing and testing new conservation models for their management. Since the 1990s, NGOs have used ecotourism as one rationale for advocating the maintenance of protected areas worldwide. Ecotourism aims to use revenues from visitors to support conservation. In particular, community-based ecotourism aims to support conservation commonly through economic and social development of local communities.
Despite the widespread involvement of NGOs in conservation through ecotourism, their precise roles and decision-making processes have not previously been studied using systematic or comparative approaches at global or national scale. There are numerous case studies of single ecotourism projects assisted by NGOs, and some of these highlight significant shortcomings with actual or potential negative effects on both biodiversity and local communities. These studies, however, have not analysed how NGOs select and define which initiatives to support, nor the factors which determine effective strategies for development of ecotourism enterprises in protected areas. Given the global scale of NGO involvement, this lack of information on NGO dynamics represents a significant gap in our current understanding of ecotourism practices. This thesis aims to address this gap.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Grifffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Books on the topic "Protected areas worldwide"
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Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation: A Worldwide Review. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.
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Sheppard, Charles. 9. Doing something about it. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199682775.003.0009.
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A quarter of the world’s reef system is already dead, and a further half is affected to varying degrees. ‘Doing something about it’ proposes two groups of measures to address this situation. First, the overall human impact on reefs, such as fishing intensity and pollution, needs to be managed. Second, some protected marine areas need to be demarcated, instead of all areas being used in sourcing food in haphazard and decreasingly effective ways. This would mirror systems already in place on land. The continued rise in the worldwide human population has put additional pressure on the reefs as a place to procure food. This means that reef degradation is no longer a just a scientific problem, but is now also a political and social one.
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Bowles, David, James Swaby, and Harold Harlan. Guide to Venomous and Medically Important Invertebrates. CSIRO Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308859.
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Though many are harmless and even beneficial, invertebrates are some of the world’s most feared and dangerous creatures.
Guide to Venomous and Medically Important Invertebrates describes the health threats posed by invertebrate groups worldwide, from physical pain and annoyance to disease transmission risk. Featuring clear photographs, distribution maps and descriptions of biological, physical and behavioural characteristics of key groups, this book aids identification of potentially harmful invertebrates. It also summarises personal protection measures to reduce the risk of attack and disease, and provides guidance on treatment.
This book will help to protect the health of travellers and serve as a reference for medical personnel working in high-risk areas, as well as those interested in entomology.
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Thun, Michael J., Martha S. Linet, James R. Cerhan, Christopher Haiman, and David Schottenfeld. Primary Prevention of Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0062.
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Primary prevention has enormous potential to reduce the human, social, and economic costs of cancer worldwide. The following sections discuss the development and application of preventive interventions in six broad areas of public health: tobacco control, the prevention of obesity and physical inactivity, prevention of infection-related cancers, protection against excessive exposure to ultraviolet light, preventive drug therapies (chemoprevention), and the regulation of carcinogenic exposures. All of these areas affect multiple types of cancer and massive numbers of people. Different interventions are at varying stages of development. For example, effective, evidence-based approaches have been developed over several decades to reduce tobacco use, prevent chronic infection with hepatitis B virus, protect children from excessive sun exposure, regulate exposures in high-income countries, and reduce breast cancer incidence and recurrence in high-risk women. More recent efforts are seeking to identify upstream measures to prevent excessive weight gain, reduce caloric intake, and increase physical activity.
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Thompson, John D. Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835141.001.0001.
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Plant Evolution in the Mediterranean: Insights for conservation brings together a diverse literature on the Mediterranean flora in a detailed but synthetic account of plant evolutionary ecology. The central themes of ecological dynamics and evolutionary differentiation are developed at two spatial scales: habitat variation across the landscape and biogeographic processes across the Mediterranean. The history of the Mediterranean region is at the heart of this account and is described within a triptych that links geological and climatic history to the advent and history of human activities. The Mediterranean region is a hotspot of plant biodiversity, a key ingredient of which is its richness in endemic species. A primary question motivating this book concerns the role of historical factors and spatial environmental variation in the evolution of endemism. The Mediterranean landscape is a mosaic of ecological conditions, often with variation over short distances. A second focus is on the ecological and historical factors that mediate dispersal, reproduction, and adaptive trait variation in this mosaic landscape. With an ever-growing human footprint on the Mediterranean region, this book addresses a third major theme concerning the vulnerability and conservation of the flora. Alongside a traditional approach to rare species and protected area management, the book argues for the integration of the loss of evolutionary potential as a priority in conservation policy and practice. This accessible text is aimed at students and researchers in plant evolution, ecology, biogeography, and conservation science. It will be of interest to scientists and natural history societies worldwide.
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Bellosta-López, Pablo, Priscila de Brito Silva, Palle S. Jensen, Morten S. Hoegh, Thorvaldur S. Palsson, Steffan Wittrup Mc Phee Christensen, Julia Blasco-Abadía, et al. Recommendations for implementation of the topic musculoskeletal disorders in the occupational health and safety postgraduate programmes at European Universities. Prevent4Work, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54391/123456789/672.
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Historically, the role of professionals specialized in occupational health and safety (OHS) has emerged from the need to protect employers working in major risk industries such as nuclear plants and large-scale chemical industries in Europe. More recently, a few studies highlighted that the range of activities linked to safety management responsibilities includes monitor and prepare reports, inspection and auditing, regulatory compliance, emergency response, incident investigation, hazard and risk assessment, and training. Additionally, there are some supplementary non-safety related duties, such as including environmental responsibility. Considering that work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMD) are a major burden worldwide, adding up to 1.3 billion cases, more than 100 million years loss of disability-adjusted life years and that such disorders are common causes of disability and sick leave, this topic is highly relevant to OHS professionals. In EU Member States for which data are available, a large majority of all workers report complaints related to musculoskeletal disorders as their most serious work-related health problems. The percentage of workers reporting such complaints as their most serious health problem ranges from 40 % in Luxembourg to 70 % in Czech Republic and Finland. Furthermore, more than half of workers with musculoskeletal disorders reported taking time off work in a 12-month period. In the EU, 26 % of workers with musculoskeletal long-lasting disorders, that is lasting over 3 months, combined with other health problems report more than 8 days of absence per year. Higher Education Institutions (HEI) have a key role in disseminating and increasing accessibility to the most up-to-date evidence available regarding the impact and management of musculoskeletal disorders, to facilitate translation of knowledge to implementation in practice. This way, the Knowledge Alliance Prevent4Work for Preventing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders has elaborated this document with the most recent and relevant knowledge within the topic. HEI that offer courses within OHS as well as graduation and post-graduation courses for health professionals that work within the area, may benefit from the recommendations presented here.
Book chapters on the topic "Protected areas worldwide"
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Krüger, Lucas. "Identifying and Establishing Marine Protected Areas Worldwide." In Seabird Biodiversity and Human Activities, 243–57. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003047520-19.
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Sarra, Annalina, Adelia Evangelista, and Tonio Di Battista. "Assessment of visitors’ perceptions in protected areas through a model-based clustering." In Proceedings e report, 245–50. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.46.
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Protected areas are well-defined geographical spaces that, in view of their recognized, natural, ecological or cultural values, receive protection. They have the twofold mandate of protection of natural resources and providing a space for nature-based tourism activities. In the last years, the nature-based tourism is experiencing positive and sustainable growth worldwide. Understanding the value attached by visitors to their destination and know their assessment on various activities in which they are engaged during their stay is a key element in shaping tourist’s satisfaction. Objective of this research was to identify the profiles of visitors to tourist destinations within Natural Park of Majella (Abruzzo region, Italy) and to assess the link with their satisfaction. The data for this study were collected by means of a structured questionnaire administrated to tourists who visited the sites of the protected area during the last three summer months. A total of 150 valid questionnaires were obtained and form the base of the data analysis. Through a Bayesian model-based clustering, better known as Bayesian Profile Regression, we partition visitors into clusters, characterized by similar profiles in terms of their demographic characteristics (age, gender, education attainment), as well as, in terms of the features of their travel behaviour (accommodation, length of stay, past visitation experience). A further benefit of the followed approach lies in the ability of that Bayesian technique of simultaneously estimating the contribute of all covariates to the outcome of interest. In our context, we explore the association of detected groups with the tourists’ satisfaction. In the survey, the global quality of tourism service is segmented into single features and respondents were asked to give their level of appreciation on a five-point Likert satisfaction scale. To estimate the latent trait measured by the items and related to the overall satisfaction we followed an IRT modelling.
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García-Álvarez, David, Javier Lara Hinojosa, Francisco José Jurado Pérez, and Jaime Quintero Villaraso. "General Land Use Cover Datasets for Europe." In Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools, 313–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_16.
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AbstractThe land uses and covers of Europe are the most systematically mapped in the world today, and their associated datasets offer the greatest spatial and thematic detail. Thanks to the work done within the Copernicus Land Monitoring programme run by the European Environmental Agency (EEA) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, there are many general LUC datasets covering most of the European continent. These general datasets map all land uses and covers on the ground, without focusing on any specific type. However, whereas some cover the whole of Europe, others only map specific local areas of interest, such as urban or coastal areas, riparian zones or spaces protected under the Nature 2000 network. CORINE Land Cover (CLC) is the flagship European LUC mapping programme and a reference worldwide. It has provided consistent LUC information at a detailed scale (1:100,000) every 6 years since 1990. This is the result of a high degree of coordination between many different organizations and institutions across Europe. The Copernicus programme also includes other European datasets such as Urban Atlas, N2K, Riparian Zones and Coastal Zones, which provide very detailed LUC information at higher levels of spatial detail (scale 1:10,000) for specific geographical area types: Functional Urban Areas, the Natura 2000 network, riparian zones from Strahler level 2–8 rivers and areas 10 km away from the coastline. However, these projects do not cover the same long timeframe as CLC. In addition, their long-term future is far from clear in that updates are only planned for Urban Atlas and Coastal Zones. PELCOM, GlobCorine and the Annual Land Cover Product are the European projects that most resemble the LUC maps available at global and supra-national scales for other parts of the world. They were obtained through classification of satellite imagery. PELCOM and GlobCorine are only available for a few dates and at quite coarse spatial resolutions: 1 km and 300 m respectively. The Annual Land Cover Product consists of a series of LUC maps for the period 2000–2019 at a highly detailed spatial resolution (30 m). It offers information for a large number of different points in time. However, it makes a separate classification of land uses each year, which means that change analysis with this dataset is more uncertain than with CLC or other Copernicus Land Monitoring products. HILDA and S2GLC 2017 are LUC datasets produced within the framework of different research projects, which can be considered reference products in their respective fields. HILDA provides one of the largest time series of LUC maps currently available, spanning the period from 1900 to 2010. S2GLC 2017 is one of the most spatially detailed LUC mapping experiences at a supra-national scale, with a spatial resolution of 10 m.
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Mongkhonvanit, Pornchai, Chanita Rukspollmuang, and Yhing Sawheny. "IAU: The Power to Foster Higher Education for Sustainable Development." In The Promise of Higher Education, 345–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_52.
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AbstractModernization theory, which believes that “development equates economic growth” and changes in social, political, and cultural structures are the pathways for societies to become modernized, has been the predominant paradigm for the development of nations for decades. However, the model was met with a lot of criticism, and there was a movement to rethink the real meaning of development and well-being. Alternatives for development were proposed, but the most widely accepted paradigm is “sustainability” or “sustainable development” which was defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in the 1987 Brundtland Report (also called “Our Common Future”) as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Under this development paradigm, programs, initiatives, and actions aim not only at the preservation of a particular resource but also at other distinct areas: economic, environmental, and social - known as the three pillars of sustainability. The Brundtland Report has had a worldwide impact. “Agenda 21”, a comprehensive plan of action to build a global partnership for sustainable development to improve human lives and protect the environment, was adopted in the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, followed by many other agendas, including the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) (2000–2015) and the present United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development or the 17 SDGs.
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Mouga, Teresa. "Conserving Endemic Plant Species in Oceanic Island’s Protected Areas." In Protected Area Management - Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100571.
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Oceanic islands are known for their high levels of plant diversity, due to disjunct geographical distribution that leads to speciation. The main factors contributing to genetic speciation includes the creation of a barrier within a previously widely distributed taxon and the limited dispersal of seeds, which favours genetic differentiation and, thus, fosters rapid speciation. Plant survival and population fitness vary according to environmental factors and to human interference. This chapter depicts the importance of oceanic islands as biodiversity hotspots, discusses the threats to which endemic plants on islands are exposed, namely climate change, invasive alien species, urbanisation, touristic activities, fire, changes in agriculture practices and collecting pressure. The best practices worldwide to protect endemic plant species in protected areas are also addressed, namely the implementation of prevention and mitigation actions, the programs executed to protect endemic species, and management plans to avoid future threats.
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Ferreiro da Costa, Javier, Pablo Ramil-Rego, Manuel A. Rodríguez Guitián, Hugo López Castro, Carlos Oreiro Rey, Luis Gómez-Orellana, and José Antonio Fernández Bouzas. "Galician Atlantic Islands National Park: Challenges for the Conservation and Management of a Maritime-Terrestrial Protected Area." In Protected Area Management - Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101844.
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At present, biodiversity conservation and management in Spanish National Parks in Spain must respond to a series of regulations at a European, national and regional level, also adapting to scientific-technical progress. The availability of increasingly precise data on the values to be conserved (ecosystems, habitats, species, geodiversity) in these protected areas enables more detailed management, but also requires more rigorous, powerful, and multidisciplinary tools. Maritime-terrestrial national parks are highly sensitive areas to public use, so their impact must be one of the most important factors to take into account when planning their management. This work evaluates the past and present challenges for conservation in Galician Atlantic Islands National Park (NW Spain), where biodiversity conservation and management has evolved over time in a significant way, providing a valid case study applicable to other national parks worldwide, as well as similar situations in other contexts and scenarios. Future challenges are arising in the National Park to improve the conservation status of natural habitats and wildlife, mainly through new European initiatives that may establish important synergies with other countries.
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Cronin, Drew T., Anthony Dancer, Barney Long, Antony J. Lynam, Jeff Muntifering, Jonathan Palmer, and Richard A. Bergl. "Application of SMART software for conservation area management." In Conservation Technology, 201–24. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850243.003.0010.
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Wildlife species worldwide are under threat from a range of anthropogenic threats, with declines primarily caused by overexploitation and habitat loss associated with an increasing human population and per capita resource use. Exploitation is driven by numerous factors, but is often the result of illegal activities, such as hunting, logging, and wildlife trade. Protected areas, designed to safeguard threatened species and their habitats, are the foundation of biodiversity conservation, and several analyses have demonstrated that effective protected areas are critical to the maintenance of biodiversity. However, other analyses show that most protected areas suffer from a lack of resources and poor management. Numerous technologies have been developed to address these challenges by facilitating adaptive management via ranger-based data collection, data analysis and visualization, and strategic planning. This chapter reviews the Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART) platform, with a particular emphasis on conservation law enforcement monitoring, and demonstrates both how SMART has been used to improve management of conservation areas, and how complementary systems and emerging technologies can be integrated into a single unified platform for conservation area management. In a relatively short period of time, SMART has grown to become the global standard for conservation area management. More than 800 national parks and other conservation areas are currently using SMART in more than 65 countries worldwide. SMART sites have seen improvements in patrol effectiveness, increases in populations of critically endangered species like tigers, and reductions in threats from poaching and habitat loss.
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N. Winter, Steven, Gillian Eastwood, and Manuel A. Barrios-Izás. "Drugs and Biodiversity Loss: Narcotraffic-Linked Landscape Change in Guatemala." In Sustainable Development. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107152.
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Characteristic of the Anthropocene, human impacts have resulted in worldwide losses in forested land cover, which can directly and indirectly drive biodiversity loss. The global illicit drug trade is one source of deforestation directly implicated with habitat loss in Central America, typically for drug trafficking and livestock production for money laundering. Given reports of deforestation in Central America linked to narcotraffic, we explored vegetation changes within Guatemala’s highly biodiverse Maya Biosphere Reserve by examining trends suggestive of deforestation in a protected area. As such, we collected satellite-derived data in the form of enhanced vegetation index (EVI), as well as history of burned areas, published human-“footprint” data, official population density, and artificial light activity in Laguna del Tigre National Park from 2002 to 2020 for descriptive analysis. We found consistent reductions in EVI and trends of anomalous losses of vegetation despite a baseline accounting for variation within the park. Analyses revealed weak correlations (R2 ≤ 0.26) between EVI losses and official sources of anthropogenic data, which may be attributable to the data’s limited spatial and temporal resolution. Alarmingly, simple analyses identified vegetation losses within a protected area, thus emphasizing the need for additional monitoring and science-based, but interdisciplinary policies to protect this biodiversity hotspot.
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Font Barnet, Alba, and Marta Gemma Nel-lo Andreu. "Well being experiences in nature An emerging form of tourism." In Tourism Dynamics. Goodfellow Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911635932-4955.
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Tourism is a dynamic, constantly evolving activity that requires detecting consumer trends so that companies and destinations can adapt by offering new and improved competitive products and experiences. For the post-COVID-19 era, dominant projected trends suggest that consumers will be more attracted to authentic, environmentally responsible experiences in less touristy destinations and wide-open spaces. Natural areas and protected spaces rank among the clearest beneficiaries of such trends because they combine relaxation with environments conducive to social distancing as well as offering direct, positive impacts on human health and well-being. For all of those reasons, such spaces not only have the potential to offer new experiences closely related to well-being and the search for overall health but also face challenges to that end. Against that background, this chapter examines experiential tourism in relation to improved holistic well-being and provides examples of experiences in protected natural areas worldwide that offer physical, mental, social, environmental, spiritual, and/or emotional well-being.
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MacKinnon, Kathy. "The Ecological Foundations of Biodiversity Protection." In Last Stand. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095548.003.0007.
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Two thirds of all known species occur in tropical regions, and probably half of all species are confined to tropical rain forests—yet these rain forests are among the most threatened of all natural habitats. Throughout the tropics, rain forests are being destroyed at an alarming rate. It has been estimated that, worldwide, approximately 170,000 square kilometers of rain forests—an area almost as great as Cambodia—are being lost every year (FAO, 1990). Few tropical countries retain more than half of their natural forest cover, and even those that do are witnessing rapid habitat conversion. Figure 3-1 illustrates the decline of primary forest cover on Sumatra during the past 60 years, a picture that is duplicated over much of tropical Asia. The Indonesian archipelago, as a whole, loses at least 9,000 square kilometers of forest each year to logging, land conversion, and shifting agriculture (MoF/FAO, 1991). In some years, the figure is even higher. In 1982 and 1983, for example, severe drought and fires (often deliberately started) damaged 36,000 square kilometers of forest—an area the size of Belgium—in East Kalimantan in Indonesian Borneo (Lennertz and Panzer, 1983) and another 10,000 square kilometers in Sabah (Malingreau et al., 1985). Destruction of tropical habitats leads to the irreversible loss of biological diversity and genetic resources. Conservation of biodiversity will require a concerted effort to provide adequate and effective protection of tropical forests and their native species. The best, easiest, and least expensive way to achieve this goal is to establish networks of protected rain forest areas for in situ conservation of gene pools, species, and ecosystems. Forest destruction is proceeding so fast that this decade is probably the last chance to protect extensive areas of tropical forests; indeed, for some countries it is already too late. While this chapter focuses primarily on tropical Asia, many of the lessons and recommendations apply equally well to the rain forests of Africa and Central and South America. The question of how much protected habitat is enough has long been debated by conservationists and other scientists.
Conference papers on the topic "Protected areas worldwide"
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Abanades, Javier, and Juan Pablo Torregrosa. "MAESTRALE: The Implementation of Blue Energy in the Mediterranean Sea." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77593.
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The project Maestrale is an European Project funded by the Interreg MED programme (2016–2019) that aims at establishing the basis for a Maritime Energy Deployment Strategy in the Mediterranean Sea. The project is formed by a consortium with partners around the South of Europe with the objective of determining a suite of pilot zones, which will become the pillars of future developments for the implementation of Blue Energy projects in the Mediterranean Sea. The present article presents the tasks to be conducted for the study of the area in the Spanish Mediterranean Arc: • Identification of recommendations and regulations • A benchmark of the technologies installed worldwide will be carried out in order to identify their degree of adaptability to the conditions of the Med Area • The analysis of the available resource: wind, wave and tidal • The study of the area and its features: bathymetry, land cover, protected areas, etc. • The identification of the stakeholders, as the project intends to strengthen cooperation between public authorities, research bodies, businesses and the civil society • The formation of clusters with the stakeholders, either at the national or trans-national level, to increase connections in order to promote knowledge and technological transfer and generate the critical mass and environmental conditions needed to improve innovation capacities and competitiveness The main outcomes of the project are the support of the future blue energy policies and concrete strategies for blue growth and a suite of pilot projects that will serve the purpose of raising awareness among local stakeholders, facilitating social acceptance, decreasing uncertainty and increasing feasibility of concrete interventions.
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Alatli, H. Ilke, and Demet Ulusoy Binan. "The Role of University in Local Cultural Development Through Vernacular Architectural Conservation Education: The Case of Havran, Turkey." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15615.
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Since the beginning of 20th century, vernacular settlements are under severe threats of losing authen-ticity and ruin due to changes in human lifestyles, forms of production and worldwide economic devel-opments. Especially in small rural towns, lack of care and abandonment related to loss of young popu-lation is causing rapid deterioration of the vernacular heritage. In such towns, safeguarding is possible through initiatives of local authorities. However, as visionary as the authorities may be, knowledge on sustainable conservation of vernacular architecture is a very specific topic of expertise. At this point, the academic knowledge and experience of universities take on a new significance. Furthermore, col-laboration between academia and local authorities carry great potential for each party. A similar cooperation between Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University and the Local Municipality of Havran, which was inscribed as an urban protected area in the national register in 1995, started with a protocol signed in November 2011. Between 2012 and 2019, extensive surveys were carried out in urban protect-ed area and restoration projects of over 30 traditional buildings were completed by the graduate stu-dents. Some of these buildings are approved by the local council for the conservation of cultural prop-erty and one of which was restored to be used as a town and memory museum. The aim of this study is to discuss the outcome of experiences acquired from the collaboration between universities and local authorities in the past 10 years. Moreover, mutual benefit of interaction between academia, local community, and the municipality will be emphasized. The cultural heritage preserva-tion activities in Havran have an impact on local cultural development in terms of safeguarding the architectural heritage and creating awareness in the community, as well as making a significant contri-bution to the vernacular heritage conservation education.
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Blejan, Emilian Ionuţ, Gabriela Ciupitu, and Andreea Arsene. "Connecting the Customer Experience Concept with Pharmaceutical Care for Improving the Healthcare Status of Patients." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/19.
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Healthcare costs are rising worldwide, due to a series of factors related to increased spending on medication, aging, medication errors, adverse drug events and hospital admissions. Aging phenomenon is closely followed by an increasing burden of chronic diseases. New therapies used to treat chronic diseases have intensified the economic pressure on healthcare organizations. Pharmacists play an important role in lowering costs by reviewing the pharmacotherapy of patients. Pharmacists are also the link between the physician and the patient, providing free medical advice without the need for an appointment. Lowering the number of inappropriately prescribed drugs reduces the risk of adverse drug events that frequently contribute to prolonged and expensive hospital admissions. In the near future, a new approach is needed for long term results. Pharmacists will have to reshape the old concept of patient care, moving out of the negative feelings area derived from sickness and start to protect health instead of managing disease. It will result a shift from sick care to proactive healthcare experiences. Pharmacists will anticipate and solve patient’s problems before they can produce a displeasure. For maintaining a well-being state of patients is now necessarily to adopt or implement a patient centred strategy based on customer experience pillars. In Romania integrity matters most in customer experience, closely followed by personalization. In the new Era of pharmaceutical care, pharmacists will have to focus on patient experience and patient journey.
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Bai, Bing, Bowen Yao, Mian Chen, Yan Jin, Di Liu, Yu Zhang, and Mingwei Sun. "A Multi-Physics Fields Coupling Model for Supercritical CO2 Seepage in Shale Formation." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2022-176.
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Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) can protect shale formation from hydration damage. When ScCO2 is utilized to develop shale oil and gas resources, it is necessary to establish the multi-physics fields coupling model to describe ScCO2 seepage in shale formation. The multi-physics model describing water-based fluid seepage is not capable explaining ScCO2 flow because of a great variation in physical properties of ScCO2 with pressure and temperature. In this study, a thermal–hydro–mechanical coupling model is constructed to describe ScCO2 seepage based on the transport and thermodynamic properties of CO2, combined with the effect of ScCO2 on mechanical properties of shale. The finite element method is used to solve the distribution of formation temperature, pore pressure and stress with time and position. The results show that compared with water seepage, the variation of formation temperature is greater, the pore pressure is lower, the stress difference near the wellbore in the direction of minimum in-situ stress is bigger, and the tangential stress in the direction of maximum in-situ stress is lower when adsorption-induced strain is neglected. The radial stress and tangential stress decrease with increasing time. This research can provide theoretical basis for wellbore stability analysis and fracturing evaluation when using ScCO2 as the drilling fluid and fracturing fluid, separately. Introduction As one of the unconventional resources, shale oil and gas resource is an important alternative to widely used conventional resources, which is attracting worldwide attention (Jin and Chen, 2019). Currently, the commercial exploitation technologies are massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling for developing shale gas resource. However, shale formation contains clay mineral, the hydration damage will be produced when clay mineral meets water. In the process of drilling or fracturing with water–based fluid, wellbore collapse or poor fracturing stimulation may be encountered due to hydration swelling. Meanwhile, hydraulic fracturing operation will consume a large amount of water resource, which limits the application of hydraulic fracturing in water–lacking area. In order to avoid formation damage and conserve water resource, the technology of drilling or fracturing with supercritical CO2 is proposed (Wang et al., 2018; Wen et al., 2020).
Reports on the topic "Protected areas worldwide"
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Börjesson, Patrik, Maria Eggertsen, Lachlan Fetterplace, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronny Fredriksson, Susanna Fredriksson, Patrik Kraufvelin, et al. Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters. Edited by Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström, and Mattias Sköld. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.10da2mgf51.
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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states. In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects. We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats. With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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Corriveau-Bourque, Alexandre, Fernanda Almeida, and Alain Frechette. Uncertainty and Opportunity: The Status of Forest Carbon Rights and Governance Frameworks in Over Half of the World’s Tropical Forests. Rights and Resources Initiative, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/fnpn5361.
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Most of the world’s remaining tropical forests lie in areas that are customarily managed and/or legally owned by Indigenous Peoples and local communities. In the context of climate change and global efforts to protect and enhance the capacity of forests to capture and store greenhouse gas emissions, the question of who owns the trees and the carbon stored therein is paramount. Clarifying this question is crucial, both for the future of the planet, and for up to 1.7 billion people worldwide who rely on forests for their livelihoods. This brief presents a review of the nominal progress made in the national-level laws and regulations that govern the carbon trade and define the rights of parties —across a sample of 24 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. These countries collectively hold more than 50 percent of global tropical and subtropical forests. This brief also examines the design and establishment of safeguard mechanisms concerning benefit sharing, providing redress and resolution to disputes related to carbon-based schemes, and the operationalization of carbon registries for each of these countries.