Academic literature on the topic 'Protection contre la foudre'
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Journal articles on the topic "Protection contre la foudre"
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-BOUQUEGNEAU, Prof-Dr-Ir Christian. "La protection contre la Foudre." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 08 (2001): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2001.081.
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-BUCHIN, Thierry. "Protection des structures contre la foudre, normalisation et réglementation." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 07 (2004): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2004.066.
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-BONAMY, André. "La protection des installations contre les effets de la foudre." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 06 (1999): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.1999.068.
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-Sultanem, F. "Protection contre les surtensions dues à la foudre : la normalisation française - NFC 15-100." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 06 (1998): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.1998.070.
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-Abdul WAHAB, Yusof. "Optimisation de système de protection des postes haute tension contre le coup de foudre direct." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 04 (2005): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.2005.040.
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Climent, J. P., and J. C. Tronel. "Conception des systèmes de protection des réseaux d’énergie à basse tension contre les impulsions électromagnétiques à haute altitude et la foudre." Annales des Télécommunications 41, no. 7-8 (July 1986): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02997890.
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Prémont, Marie-Claude, and Maurice Tancelin. "L'indemnisation des victimes d'accident du travail : une histoire de contre-courants." Régimes de no-fault 39, no. 2-3 (April 12, 2005): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043492ar.
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La thèse soutenue est celle d'une régression législative de la protection sociale des victimes d'accident du travail et de maladie professionnelle. La loi de 1985 édicte des présomptions légales qui ramènent le travailleur sur le terrain du contentieux. La logique de l'indemnisation automatique se trouve ainsi écartée, alors qu'elle constituait le point fort du compromis historique élaboré au Québec à partir de 1909, dans la foulée des pays industrialisés d'Europe occidentale. La Cour d'appel révèle en 1992 dans six arrêts rendus le même jour l'ampleur des limitations apportées par la loi de 1985 à la protection juridique des travailleurs. Le silence gardé par la doctrine sur ces arrêts de principe contraste avec la vigueur des critiques qui ont accueilli en 1996 une décision de la Cour suprême refusant, à juste titre, d'utiliser les chartes à l’encontre d'une protection sociale acquise au cours de l'histoire. Ces textes constitutionnels devraient être utilisés à meilleur escient, comme l'établissement de ponts entre le droit civil de la responsabilité individuelle et le droit social de l'indemnisation collective.
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MUHIMA, Moise ABDOU. "Les institutions spécialisées de riposte contre le covid-19 et la promotion de l’état de droit en RDC : état des lieux, défis et perspectives." KAS African Law Study Library - Librairie Africaine d’Etudes Juridiques 8, no. 1 (2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6262-2021-1-82.
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La riposte pour contenir la menace dû à la pandémie de Covid-19 a exigé de prendre certaines mesures et dispositions radicales allant jusqu’à la proclamation de l'état d'urgence sanitaire pour ralentir ou stopper la propagation de la pandémie en vue de protéger la santé des populations en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). Dans la foulée, le pouvoir public ne s’est pas contenté des institutions existantes pour faire face à cette pandémie. Ainsi plusieurs autres institutions spécialisées ont vu le jour pour intervenir dans divers secteurs de la riposte contre le coronavirus. Cette étude a relevé principalement la Cellule de riposte contre le Covid 19 en RDC; la Task force présidentielle; le Secrétariat technique; le Fonds national de solidarité contre le Coronavirus et le Comité multisectoriel de riposte (CMR-COVID-19). La quasi-totalité de toutes ces institutions sont rattachées directement à la Présidence de la République et rendent compte directement au Président de la République et leurs animateurs au plus haut niveau sont pour la plupart des personnels de santé qui du reste veillent moins aux questions de l’Etat de droit. Il est fustigé dans cet article le risque de dédoublement institutionnel causé par cette inflation institutionnelle qui ne garantie pas la promotion et la protection des valeurs et principes de l’Etat de droit en RDC et que la solution résiderait dans une limitation strict de la création des nouvelles institutions tout en s’appuyant sur les institutions existantes, quitte aux pouvoirs publics de veiller simplement à bien les équipées et leurs donner des missions claires et spécifiques.
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-BAUCHET, lieutenant-colonel Michel. "Protection foudre des installations au sol." Revue de l'Electricité et de l'Electronique -, no. 04 (1996): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3845/ree.1996.041.
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Boulet, Salix, and Nicole F. Bernard. "Protection contre le VIH." médecine/sciences 24, no. 12 (December 2008): 1030–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/200824121030.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Protection contre la foudre"
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Ait-Amar, Sonia. "Modélisation de la protection contre la foudre par paratonnerre." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112323.
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Combaret, Christophe Macovschi Mihail. "Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2001. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=combaret.
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Combaret, Christophe. "Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0055/these.pdf.
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Les diodes à avalanche de forte puissance, commercialisées en particulier sous la dénomination "transil", constituent une solution séduisante pour la protection de systèmes électroniques contre les effets indirects de la foudre. Ces effets apparaissent par couplage (résistif, inductif ou capacitif) lorsqu'un conducteur électrique se trouve au voisinage direct d'une masse métallique directement frappée par l'éclair. La mise en oeuvre rationnelle et fiable de la diode transil passe par un dimensionnement thermo-électrique aussi précis que possible. Le modèle proposé s'appuie sur des observations de la structure mécanique interne de la diode pour sa partie thermique et sur un schéma de type SPICE pour sa partie électrique. Le calcul des paramètres numériques du modèle ainsi que sa mise en oeuvre ont été validés par rapport à des données expérimentales. D'autre part, le comportement à long terme de la diode transil face aux effets indirects de la foudre est mal connu. La seconde partie de ce travail s'intéresse donc à la mise en évidence de signes avant-coureurs de fragilisation et de dégradation du composant dans ses conditions normales de fonctionnement. Un ensemble expérimental (générations d'impulsions de forte énergie et chaînes d'acquisition) a ainsi été développé. Les essais préliminaires ont montré un comportement différent de la diode soumise, d'une part, à une impulsion de fort courant et faible énergie et, d'autre part, à une impulsion à courant faible et forte énergie. Une étude systématique a ensuite montré les différences entre ces deux comportements. Dans le premier cas, la destruction apparaît de manière imprévisible sans signe précurseur mesurable. Dans le second cas, deux phénomènes conduisant à une augmentation caractéristique du courant de fuite inverse de la diode ont été observés et analysés. Ils apparaissent liés à des phénomènes d'avalanche locale et de mise en place de niveaux profonds au niveau de la jonctionHigh power avalanche diodes, often sold as "transil" diodes, represent an attractive solution for the protection of electronic systems against lightning induced effects. These effects are generated (resistive, capacitive or inductive coupling) when an electric conductor is very close to metallic mass directly hit by a lightning stroke). Reliable and rational implementation of a transil diode needs a thermo-electrical fitting as sharp as possible. The proposed model is based both on the diode mechanical structure for its thermal side and on a SPICE-like system for its electrical side. The model numerical parameters computation and use have been validated with experimental data. On the other hand, long-term behavior of a transil diode hit by lightning induced effects is not well known. So, the second part of this work concerns degradation and weakening effects appearing in normal work conditions of the component. Experimental equipments (high energy pulses generator and measurement setup) have been developped. Preliminary observations have showed differences in the diode behavior under, in one hand, high energy and low current pulses and, in the other hand, high current and low energy pulses. Then, a systematic study showed differences between these two behavior. In the first case, two phenomena leading to a typical increasing of reverse leakage current have been studied and analysed. They appear to be linked to localized breakdown and setting up of deep levels in the junction
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Xémard, Alain. "Modélisation électromagnétique des effets de la foudre sur les réseaux d'énergie électrique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2103_axemard.pdf.
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Ce mémoire de thèse traite de l’étude de l’effet de la foudre sur les réseaux de distribution et de transport d’électricité. Il a été motivé par le souci de disposer de méthodes d’études permettant d’éviter les effets néfastes des surtensions dues à la foudre qui sont susceptibles de se propager sur les réseaux électriques (destruction de matériels, courts circuits conduisant à des creux de tension, etc). Plusieurs points scientifiques spécifiques sont abordés. On s’intéresse tout d’abord aux différentes données expérimentales concernant le courant de foudre disponibles aujourd’hui pour identifier celles qui sont les plus appropriées pour réaliser ce type d’étude. Nous abordons ensuite la question des surtensions induites (ce sont les surtensions dues aux coups de foudre tombant à proximité des réseaux électriques). Nous présentons un modèle de couplage permettant de représenter le couplage entre le champ électromagnétique dû à un coup de foudre et une ligne multifilaire dont les paramètres varient en fonction de la fréquence. Ce modèle est employé pour déterminer le risque de défaillance dû à la foudre d’équipements d’un client domestique à basse tension. On s’appuie pour cela sur une méthode probabiliste de type quasi-Monte-Carlo. La dernière partie de la thèse est consacrée à l’étude du taux d’amorçage dû à la foudre des lignes de transport d’électricité. Il s’agit du nombre moyen d’amorçage des chaînes d’isolateurs par an et pour 100 km de ligne. Ce taux permet de quantifier le comportement à la foudre des ouvrages de transport. Nous présentons une méthode numérique permettant de le calculer automatiquement en s’appuyant sur le logiciel de calcul de transitoires électromagnétiques EMTP-RV. Nous appliquons ensuite cette méthode pour étudier différentes solutions permettant de réduire ce taux d’amorçage. Nous nous intéressons plus spécialement à l’emploi des parafoudres en ligne. Les parafoudres en ligne sont des parasurtenseurs installés en parallèle avec les chaînes d’isolateurs permettant d’éviter que les surtensions aux bornes des chaînes d’isolateurs ne soient supérieures à leur tension de tenue. Il s’agit là d’une solution relativement nouvelle qui nécessite des nombreux calculs d’optimisation afin d’installer les parafoudres d’une façon qui permette de concilier un coût raisonnable avec une bonne efficacité quant à la réduction du taux d’amorçageThis P. H. D work is devoted to the study of some aspects of the effect of lightning on distribution and transmission electrical networks. It was motivated by the will to dispose of methods allowing to avoid some of the negative effects of lightning over-voltages which may propagate along electrical systems (destruction of apparatuses, short-circuits leading to voltage dips, e. T. C. ). Different scientific issues are considered. At first we analyse the different experimental data regarding lightning current available today in order to determine which ones are the most appropriate to conduct this type of study. Then we examine the issue of induced over-voltages (they are the over-voltages due to lightning strokes having a point of impact located in the vicinity of the electric network). We present a coupling model allowing to representing the coupling between the electromagnetic field due to a lightning stroke and a multi-conductor line whose parameters are varying versus frequency. This model is used in order to determine the risk of failure due to lightning of the apparatuses of a domestic low-voltage client. One use for that a probabilistic method of type quasi-Monte-Carlo. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the flashover rate of transmission overhead lines. This rate corresponds to the average number of insulator string flashovers per year and for 100 km of line. It allows to estimate the lightning behaviour of transmission lines. We present a numerical method calculating this rate automatically which is based on the use of the electromagnetic transient calculation software EMTP-RV. Then we apply this method to study several solutions allowing to reduce the flashover rate in several configurations. We focus more specifically on the use of line arresters. Line arresters are voltage limiters installed in parallel with insulator strings allowing to limit the overvoltage between the terminals of the insulator strings at a value lower than their withstand voltage. This solution is relatively new and required numerous optimisation in order to install line arresters in a way which conciliates a reasonable cost and a good efficiency regarding the reduction of the flashover rate
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Durris, Laurent. "Etude d'un dispositif de contrôle des paratonnerres installes pour la protection électromagnétique des bâtiments." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0101.
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La foudre peut être un facteur aggravant des risques que présentent les installations industrielles. De ce fait, l'utilisation de moyens de protection adaptés est nécessaire, ainsi que leur maintenance et leur contrôle périodique. Pour effectuer ce contrôle, le SYstème de Mesure de Protection Antifoudre : SYMPA, a été créé par le Centre Lyonnais d'Ingénierie (EDF) avec le concours de Séchaud et Metz. Par rapport aux moyens conventionnels, SYMPA présente certains avantages. Il s'agit d'une méthode de mesure électrique globale, appliquée simultanément à toute l'installation. De plus, Il permet d'identifier sur site des chemins que risque d'emprunter le courant de foudre et d'évaluer l'équi-potentialité des descentes de paratonnerre et des réseaux de masse et de terre. L'objet de cette étude est, d'une part, de définir précisément les conditions d'application de SYMPA, et d'autre part, d'adjoindre au procédé SYMPA des logiciels de simulation afin de faciliter son application et d'étendre ses possibilités. Pour cela, les logiciels de modélisation SimSymp et Impact ont été créés. Le premier permet de simuler l'application de SYMPA à l'installation contrôlée avant la campagne de mesure, pour aider à sa préparation. Le deuxième est un modèle de calcul des perturbations conduites et rayonnées engendrées par un impact de foudre direct. Les développements théoriques nécessaires à l'établissement de ces deux logiciels sont donnés dans ce mémoire. Une attention particulière a été apportée à la vérification, par l'expérience, de la validité des modèles. Ces derniers se sont avérés fiables, robustes et relativement faciles à prendre en main, ce qui les rend très intéressant en ingénierieThe risks due to industrial facilities can be increased by lightning. Thereby, Lightning Protection Systems (LPS) are necessary and they must be periodically controlled. To carry out this control, the CLI (EDF- France) and Séchaud & Metz have developed the SYMPA measurement method. Compared to conventional means, SYMPA has several advantages. It is a global measurement method, applied to the whole LPS. Moreover, with SYMPA, the lightning current paths can be found out and the potential equalisation faults of the down conductors and the grounding network can be evaluated. The study presented in this thesis bas two major aims. The first one is to precisely define the way to use SYMPA. The second one consists in developing simulation softwares to facilitate the use of SYMPA and to increase its capabilities. For this latter aim, SimSymp and Impact softwares were created. SimSymp can be employed to model the use of SYMPA on any LPS, in order to prepare the measurement campaign. After the campaign, Impact can be used to compute the perturbations that would be produced by a real direct lightning stroke. The theoretical bases of both softwares are described in the thesis. Calculation results were also compared to experimental data. The softwares were found to be reliable robust and easy to use. Then, they are very interesting for engineering problems
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Perel, Thomas. "Protection des circuits électriques des avions plus composites et plus électriques : propriétés électriques des varistances élaborées par "Spark Plasma Sintering"." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2480/.
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Depuis plusieurs années, les avionneurs s'intéressent aux matériaux composites pour la fabrication de leurs avions ainsi qu'à l'électrification de fonctions en zones déportées, liée au concept de l'avion " plus électrique ". Les critères de performances de ces mutations technologiques sont nombreux (gains de masse, volume, coût d'exploitation, d'efficacité. . . ) mais sont source de problématiques nouvelles notamment en cas d'agression foudre. La protection des équipements suite à un choc de foudre sur la structure de l'avion doit donc s'effectuer par un composant ou système possédant une caractéristique courant-tension fortement non-linéaire et capable d'absorber de fortes densités énergétiques. Les varistances à base d'oxyde de zinc réunissent des propriétés qui en font de bonnes candidates. La technique de Frittage Flash ou " Spark Plasma Sintering " s'avère particulièrement intéressante pour la réalisation de celles-ci. En effet, cette technique de frittage est connue pour accroître les cinétiques de densification des matériaux. Ainsi un meilleur contrôle de leur microstructure laisse envisager des performances électriques maximisées pour une compacité maximale. Les objectifs de ce travail sont d'étudier l'influence de cette méthode de frittage sur les propriétés électriques du matériau ainsi que de montrer les avantages et inconvénients par rapport à une méthode de frittage conventionnel. Pour ce faire, une modélisation électrothermique basée sur la variation de la hauteur de barrière est proposée. D'autre part, les différentes voies d'encapsulation testées permettront d'effectuer quelques préconisations quant aux choix de celles-ci. Enfin, la diminution de la taille de grains du composant entraînant inévitablement une baisse de sa densité d'énergie maximale admissible, nous montrerons les limites des caractéristiques électriques obtenues sur des échantillons frittés par Spark Plasma SinteringSince several years, manufacturers are interested in composite materials for the fabrication of their aircrafts as well as the electrification on deported equipments related to the concept of "more electric" aircraft. The performance criteria of these technological changes are significant (weight gains, volume, operating cost, efficiency. . . ), but are sources of new problems especially in case of lightning strike. The protection of the equipments after a lightning strike on the aircraft structure must be performed by a system or a component having a highly non-linear current voltage characteristic and able to absorb high energy density. Thanks to their properties, Zinc oxide based varistors seems to be good candidates. Flash Sintering technique or "Spark Plasma Sintering" is a particularly interesting production technique. Indeed, this sintering technique is known to increase the kinetics of densification of materials. Thus, a better control of their microstructure suggests maximized electrical performances for a maximum compactness. The objectives of this work are to study the influence of the sintering method on the electrical properties of the material and to show the advantages and disadvantages compared to a conventional sintering method. For this, an electrothermal model based on the barrier height variation is proposed. On the other hand, different encapsulation ways are tested and some recommendations are proposed concerning theirs choice. Finally, as the decrease of the component grain inevitably leads to a decrease on the maximum permissible energy density, we show the limits of the electrical characteristics obtained on samples sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering
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Bourgeois, Yannick. "Modélisation des perturbations électromagnétiques générées sur un réseau de télécommunications par une agression de type foudre." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ecc54aba-2824-4378-9858-a6928f3bb547/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4004.pdf.
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La foudre par ses effets directs et indirects peut engendrer des dégâts importants sur un réseau de télécommunications. Cette thèse aborde la modélisation des mécanismes de couplage d'une décharge orageuse sur une structure constituée d’un réseau filaire et d’un bâtiment. A l’aide d'un code de calcul basé sur la théorie des lignes de transmission et associé à une approche topologique, l’étude de l'efficacité d'une protection contre la foudre, réalisée grâce à un conducteur nu placé au dessus d'un câble enterré, est effectuée de manière exhaustive en s'appuyant sur des résultats expérimentaux obtenus à l'aide d'éclairs déclenchés. De plus, la thèse aborde, à l’aide de la théorie des antennes dans le domaine temporel (FDTD), le calcul des courants induits simultanément sur un bâtiment et son réseau d'adduction lors d'un impact direct sur un pylône. L'application pratique visée par l'ensemble de ces travaux est l'amélioration de la protection contre la foudre des sites de radiodiffusionsLightning by its direct and indirect effects may engender important damages on a telecommunications network. This thesis approaches the modeling of the coupling of a lightning stroke with a structure composed of a building associated to a wired network. By means of a formalism based on the transmission line theory associated to a topological approach, a study of the efficiency of a lightning protection device, composed of a shielding wire installed in the ground above the underground cable, is made in a exhaustive way by using experimental data obtained by means of triggered lightning. Furthermore, thanks to the antenna theory in the time domain (FDTD), the thesis also approaches the calculation of the currents generated simultaneously on a building and its wired network when the lighting stroke occurs on the considered structure. The practical application aimed by all these works being the improvement of the lightning protection of the radio-sites
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Laroubine, Jacques. "Conception assistée par ordinateur d'un système de protection de lignes d'alimentation basse tension contre la foudre et l' IEM. N-HA." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112101.
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La foudre génère un champ électromagnétique qui produit des courants impulsionnels engendrant des surtensions transitoires sur les liaisons filaires du réseau E. D. F. Basse tension. Ces surtensions créent une impulsion parasite lente haute en énergie. D'autre part, une explosion nucléaire haute altitude, crée un champ électromagnétique impulsionnel, après une cascade de transformations d'énergie (Photons matière, rayons ɣ électrons). Ce champ électromagnétique est générateur sur le réseau E. D. F. D'impulsions parasites rapides et intenses. L'analyse de ces perturbations permet de déterminer les spécifications d'un système de protection vis-à-vis des parasites générés par la foudre et l'I. E. M-N/H. A. Nous décrirons des moyens de simulation mathématique par ordinateur (Astec III). Une maquette a été réalisée qui a permis de vérifier l'efficacité d'un tel système de protection vis-à-vis de la foudre et de l' Impulsion Électromagnétique Nucléaire Haute AltitudeThe lightning creates an electromagnetic field which produces a slow duration and high energy pulse of current on low voltage power distribution networks. On the other hand an high altitude nuclear burst generates an electromagnetic pulse which causes fast and intense interferences. We describe here the specifications of a passive filter that can reject these interferences. We used a computer aided method of simulation to create a prototype. Experimental results confirm the validity of the model used for simulation
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Konate, Lamine Boubacar. "Modélisation de la tenue diélectrique dans les grands intervalles d'air : application aux intervalles complexes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC040.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la décharge positive dans les grands intervalles d’air. L’objectif initial est de se doter d’un modèle capable de déterminer la tension U50 ainsi que le facteur d’intervalle k, deux facteurs importants entrant dans le dimensionnement des ouvrages hautes tensions, dans des géométries complexes. Pour ce faire un bilan des modèles de la décharge disponibles dans la littérature a été fait. Notre choix s’est porté sur le modèle de type circuit développé par le groupe du professeur Beroual et appliqué aussi bien à la décharge positive qu’à la décharge négative. Ce modèle est basé sur un schéma électrique équivalent, ses paramètres variant avec le temps en fonction des caractéristiques du canal et de la géométrie de la décharge. La propagation du leader est basée sur un critère lié au calcul du champ à sa tête et où le caractère aléatoire du trajet de la décharge est pris en compte. Comme la plupart des modèles présents dans la littérature, ce modèle ne s’intéresse qu’à l’intervalle de type pointe-plan. Une partie de ce travail a consisté à étendre le domaine d’applicabilité de ce modèle aux intervalles de géométrie complexes. Une étude détaillée de la géométrie pointe-pointe nous a permis de valider notre modèle dans sa capacité à simuler un exemple d’intervalle complexe. De plus, des essais expérimentaux nous ont permis de comparer la valeur de la U50 déterminée à l’aide de notre modèle et celle issue des expériences pour cette géométrie pointe-pointe. Les résultats obtenus sont en bon accord avec une marge d’erreur inférieure à 5%. Au vu du bon accord résultant de la confrontation modèle - expérience de laboratoire et de la grande similarité, grande étincelle - décharge atmosphérique, un modèle de foudre positif a été élaboré. Ce modèle nous a permis d’utiliser pour la première fois le modèle circuit pour modéliser le processus d’attachement de la foudre. Les résultats obtenues permettent de valider la faisabilité de trouver, aux méthodes standards de protection contre la foudre, une alternative numérique basé sur une simulation de la foudre. Une estimation du champ rayonné par le canal du leader a été effectuée. Ce qui ouvre une voie à l’étude de l’interaction de ces champs rayonnés avec les systèmes d’ingénierieThis thesis is devoted to the study of the positive discharge in large air gaps. The initial goal is to develop a model able to determine the voltage U50 and the k-factor, two important factors involved in the design of high voltage structures in complex geometries. To do this, a review of the discharge models available in the literature was done. We chose the circuit model developed by Professor Beroual’s group and applied to the positive discharge and also to the negative discharge. This model is based on an equivalent circuit diagram, his parameters varying with time according to the leader channel characteristics and the geometry of the discharge. The spread of the leader is based on a criterion related to the calculation of the field at its head and where the randomness of the discharge path is taken into account. As most of models found in the literature, this model applies only to the point-plane type interval. Part of this work was to extend the domain of applicability of this model to complex geometries. A detailed study of the rod-rod gap allowed us to validate our model in its ability to simulate an example of complex geometry. Moreover, experimental tests allowed us to compare the value of the U50 voltage determined using our model and the one from experiments for to this rod-rod geometry. The results are in good agreement with a margin of error of less than 5%. Given the good agreement resulting from the confrontation model - laboratory experience and the great similarity, large spark - atmospheric discharge, a positive lightning model was developed. This model allowed us to use for the first time the circuit model to model the lightning attachment process. The results obtained allow to validate the feasibility to find, to the standard methods of protection against lightning, digital alternative based on a simulation of lightning. An estimate of the field radiated by the leader channel was performed. This opens a way for the study of the interaction of these fields radiated with engineering systems
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Bedel, Vincent. "Mise en oeuvre et optimisation d'un revêtement conducteur poly(époxy) : fils submicroniques d'argent pour la protection foudre de structures aéronautiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30144/document.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans une problématique de mise en œuvre et d'étude d'un revêtement conducteur polymère extrinsèque pour la protection foudre des structures aéronautiques de type composite polymère renforcé fibres de carbone (CFRP). Le revêtement est composé d'une matrice poly(époxy) haute performance bi-composant fluide à température ambiante et de fils submicroniques d'argent à haut facteur de forme (AgNWs) obtenus par un procédé polyol. Une attention particulière a été portée à l'étude de l'influence des AgNWs sur la modification de la cinétique de réticulation du système, sa structure physique et sa mobilité moléculaire. La mesure des niveaux de conductivité volumique et surfacique du revêtement met en avant un seuil de percolation électrique pour un taux volumique en AgNWs inférieur à 1%. Une approche originale permettant la détermination des mécanismes de conduction a été effectuée au moyen des mesures de densités de courant imposées dans le revêtement en fonction du taux de charge en AgNWs et de la température. L'analyse du comportement électrique des échantillons aux valeurs critiques de densités de courant a permis d'appréhender les phénomènes responsables des mécanismes de dégradation. Enfin des essais foudres ont été effectués sur des substrats représentatifs d'une structure aéronautique avec différents types de protection foudre. L'analyse des échantillons par ultrasons après essais foudres a mis en avant l'efficacité du revêtement composite polymère conducteur poly(époxy)/AgNWs développé pour lutter contre le délaminage structurel du CFRPThis work deals with the processing and the study of an extrinsic conductive polymer coating for the lightning strike protection of the aircraft carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) structural parts. The coating consist in a low viscosity bi component high performance poly(epoxy) matrix and silver submicronic wires with a high aspect ratio (AgNWs) obtained by a polyol process. The kinetic parameters, the physical structure and the molecular mobility of the matrix had been investigated as a function of the filler content. The surface and bulk conductivities had been measured as a function of filler content. It exhibits a percolation threshold below 1% in volume. The conduction mechanisms had been studied following an uncommon method of current density measurement as a function of the AgNWs content and the temperature. The critical electrical behaviour of each sample had been investigated through the current density method. It has permitted to understand the phenomenon responsible for the composite's degradation. Finally, lightning strike tests on representative configurations had been carried out. The ultrasonic inspections have highlighted the efficiency of the poly(epoxy)/AgNWs coating to avoid the structural delamination of the CFRP
Books on the topic "Protection contre la foudre"
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P, Raĭzer I︠U︡, ed. Lightning physics and lightning protection. Bristol [England]: Institute of Physics Pub., 2000.
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Henshaw, Michael L. Protection against lightning: A UK guide to the practical application of BS EN 62305. London: British Standards Institution, 2007.
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Smith, L. J. The Protection of Farm Buildings from Lightning. [Winnipeg?]: J. Hooper, 1996.
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(Firm), Knovel, and Institution of Engineering and Technology, eds. Lightning protection. London: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2010.
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Génot, Jean-Claude. Ecologiquement correct, ou, Protection contre nature? Aix-en-Provence, France: Edisud, 1998.
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Compagnie d'assurance mutuelle de Montmagny, contre le feu et la foudre. Compagnie d'assurance mutuelle de Montmagny, contre le feu et la foudre, fondée en 1872. [St. Hyacinthe, Québec?: s.n.], 1987.
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Gagnon, Henri. Libre-échange: Les multinationales contre le peuple. Saint-Lambert (Québec): Editions Héritage, 1988.
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Vedel, Georges. Le système français de protection des administrés contre l'administration. Paris: Sirey, 1991.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Protection contre la foudre"
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Cairns, Ed. "4. Contre la protection des populations." In Pour des lendemains plus sûrs, 94–111. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Oxfam Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9780855988302.004.
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Antoni, Rodolphe, and Laurent Bourgois. "Principes généraux de protection contre l’exposition externe." In Ingénierie et Développement Durable, 313–86. Paris: Springer Paris, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0311-1_5.
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Yu, Hong, Liangkai Sun, Tonghua Wu, Xiaohong Wang, Pingyi Yang, and Yuan Jiang. "A Fault Ranging Method Applicable for the Four-Terminal Lines." In Proceedings of the 7th PURPLE MOUNTAIN FORUM on Smart Grid Protection and Control (PMF2022), 684–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0063-3_48.
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Paillere, A. M., D. Cochet, and J. J. Serrano. "Protection Contre la Corrosion des Armatures Apportee par les Mortiers de Reparation de Surface a Base de Polymeres." In Adhesion between polymers and concrete / Adhésion entre polymères et béton, 273–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3454-3_30.
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"9 Installation Extérieure de Protection contre la Foudre." In Doit-on craindre la foudre ?, 173–202. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1889-1-014.
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"10 Installation Intérieure de Protection contre la Foudre." In Doit-on craindre la foudre ?, 203–16. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1889-1-015.
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"9 Installation Extérieure de Protection contre la Foudre." In Doit-on craindre la foudre ?, 173–202. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1889-1.c014.
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"10 Installation Intérieure de Protection contre la Foudre." In Doit-on craindre la foudre ?, 203–16. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1889-1.c015.
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Goupil, Candice. "La protection contre la foudre des établissements recevant du public : quel cadre juridique ?" In Les orages dans l’espace francilien, 79–84. Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.31305.
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"8. Interception et protection externe." In Doit-on craindre la foudre ?, 123–38. EDP Sciences, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0214-2.c014.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Protection contre la foudre"
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ROCHE, Amélie, and Céline PERHERIN. "Méthodologie de recensement des ouvrages de protection contre les aléas côtiers." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2010.074-r.
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Farnole, Pierre, Jean Bougis, M. Ritondale, and M. Babbarroux. "Protection du littoral contre l'érosion marine : application au tombolo Ouest de Giens." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2002.049-f.
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MEZIANI, Faroudja, Amar KAHIL, Smail GABI, and Aldjia BOUTIBA. "Méthodes de protection contre la corrosion des ouvrages portuaires de génie civil." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2012.080-m.
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LEBUNETEL, Julie, Jean-Philippe THEAUDIN, and Axel TERLAUD. "Augmentation du niveau de protection d'un ouvrage de lutte contre la submersion." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2020.052.
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BENAISSA, Brahim, Nicolas VERJAT, Marc JEANNIN, and Alaric ZANIBELLATO. "Géocorail pour la protection contre l’érosion et l’affouillement aux pieds des ouvrages maritimes." In Conférence Méditerranéenne Côtière et Maritime - Coastal and Maritime Mediterranean Conference. Editions Paralia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/cmcm.2015.047.
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Carladous, S., J.-M. Tacnet, C. Curt, and M. Batton-Hubert. "Évaluation intégrée de l’efficience des ouvrages de protection contre les risques naturels en montagne." In Congrès Lambda Mu 19 de Maîtrise des Risques et Sûreté de Fonctionnement, Dijon, 21-23 Octobre 2014. IMdR, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/56108.
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IGIGABEL, Marc, Yves NEDELEC, Nicolas FLOUEST, Nathalie BERENGER, Patrick CHASSE, Alexis BERNARD, and Christian PITIE. "Systèmes de protection contre les submersions marines Retour d’expérience Xynthia. Conclusions des études de cas." In Conférence Méditerranéenne Côtière et Maritime - Coastal and Maritime Mediterranean Conference. Editions Paralia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/cmcm.2015.042.
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BRUHIER, Johann, and Martin HAWKSWOOD. "Protection contre l'affouillement des quais à l'aide de matelas coffrant en béton coulé in situ." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Editions Paralia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.2022.056.
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IGIGABEL, Marc. "Les interventions d’urgence sur les dispositifs de protection contre les submersions marines – Un nouveau guide aux Éditions du CEREMA." In Conférence Méditerranéenne Côtière et Maritime - Coastal and Maritime Mediterranean Conference. Editions Paralia, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/cmcm.2017.026.
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Bouni, C., P. Chatellet, Y. Laurans, and D. Sauzade. "Les enjeux socio-économiques des technologies de l'aménagement du littoral en France. Cas des ouvrages de protection contre l'érosion marine." In Journées Nationales Génie Côtier - Génie Civil. Presses Universitaires de Perpignan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5150/jngcgc.1994.041-b.
Full textReports on the topic "Protection contre la foudre"
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Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.
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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.
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Myrttinen, Henri. Connecting the Dots: Arms Control, Disarmament and the Women Peace and Security Agenda. UNIDIR, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/gen/20/01.
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Connecting the Dots examines the normative and practical overlaps and connections of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda with the field of arms control and disarmament. Using an original approach to gender-responsive arms control and disarmament measures that is structured around the four WPS pillars of participation, prevention, protection, and relief and recovery, this report identifies current best practices and areas for further action. The report shows that further integration can bring benefits for both fields. For the arms control and disarmament community, the WPS pillars give structure and guidance to the comprehensive integration of gender perspectives, which thus far has been a piecemeal effort. For WPS policy actors and practitioners, engaging with arms control and disarmament helps to operationalize the WPS agenda, giving concrete substance to each of its pillars.
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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, West Bishop, Christopher Grasso, Kaitlin Volk, and Kurt Getsinger. Chemical management strategies for starry stonewort : a mesocosm study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42040.
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US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved algaecides and herbicides are frequently utilized to manage nuisance algae and aquatic macrophytes. However, there is limited information available on the effectiveness of these products for the management of starry stonewort. Thus, the goal of this research was to discern effective chemical control products for later growth stages of starry stonewort using mesocosm studies. Eleven treatments were evaluated using various combinations of four copper-based products, endothall, diquat, and carfentrazone – all with USEPA registrations for use in aquatic sites. To assess treatment efficacy, water quality, photophysiology, biomass changes, and bulbil viability were evaluated. Nine of the eleven treatments yielded lower dissolved oxygen concentrations and higher specific conductance when compared to the control. Photophysiological response varied by condition, but seven of eleven treatments resulted in significantly lower fluorescent and maximum fluorescent yield. Five of these also exhibited significantly lower average photosynthetic yields, with combination treatments resulting in more drastic decreases. Ten of the eleven treatments had significantly less biomass compared to the control when measured via wet weight; however, only four treatments were significant when measured via dry weight. Lastly, all conditions utilizing copper-based products significantly reduced bulbil viability while non-copper products had no impact.
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Bercovier, Herve, Raul Barletta, and Shlomo Sela. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Secreted and Cellular Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573078.bard.
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Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular vaccine against paratuberculosis based on protein antigen(s). A prerequisite to achieve this goal is to analyze and characterize Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) secreted and cellular proteins eliciting a protective immune response. In the context of this general objective, we proposed to identify, clone, produce, and characterize: the Mpt 85B antigen and other Mpt immunoreactive secreted proteins, the Mpt L7/L12 ribosomal protein and other immunoreactive cellular proteins, Mpt protein determinants involved in invasion of epithelial cells, and Mpt protein antigens specifically expressed in macrophages. Paratuberculosis is still a very serious problem in Israel and in the USA. In the USA, a recent survey evaluated that 21.6% of the dairy herd were infected with Mpt resulting in 200-250 million dollars in annual losses. Very little is known on the virulence factors and on protective antigens of Mpt. At present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. The current vaccines do not allow a clear differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular paratuberculosis vaccine based on Mpt protein antigen(s) compatible with diagnostic tests. To achieve this goal it is necessary to analyze and characterize secreted and cellular proteins candidate for such a vaccine. Representative Mpt libraries (shuttle plasmid and phage) were constructed and used to study Mpt genes and gene products described below and will be made available to other research groups. In addition, two approaches were performed which did not yield the expected results. Mav or Mpt DNA genes that confer upon Msg or E. coli the ability to invade and/or survive within HEp-2 cells were not identified. Likewise, we were unable to characterize the 34-39 kDa induced secreted proteins induced by stress factors due to technical difficulties inherent to the complexity of the media needed to support substantial M. pt growth. We identified, isolated, sequenced five Mpt proteins and expressed four of them as recombinant proteins that allowed the study of their immunological properties in sensitized mice. The AphC protein, found to be up regulated by low iron environment, and the SOD protein are both involved in protecting mycobacteria against damage and killing by reactive oxygen (Sod) and nitrogen (AhpC) intermediates, the main bactericidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. SOD and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins are structural proteins constitutively expressed. 85B and CFP20 are both secreted proteins. SOD, L7/L12, 85B and CFP20 were shown to induce a Th1 response in immunized mice whereas AphC was shown by others to have a similar activity. These proteins did not interfere with the DTH reaction of naturally infected cows. Cellular immunity provides protection in mycobacterial infections, therefore molecules inducing cellular immunity and preferentially a Th1 pathway will be the best candidate for the development of an acellular vaccine. The proteins characterized in this grant that induce a cell-mediated immunity and seem compatible with diagnostic tests, are good candidates for the construction of a future acellular vaccine.
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Floyd, Jason, and Daniel Madrzykowski. Analysis of a Near Miss in a Garden Apartment Fire – Georgia 2022. UL's Fire Safety Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/rsfd6862.
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On February 9, 2022, Cobb County Fire and Emergency Services responded to a fire in a ground floor unit in a garden apartment building. At arrival, the fire was a post-flashover fire in a bedroom. Initial fire control was attempted by an interior fire attack team which was unable to quickly locate the fire. Exterior suppression through the bedroom window was started prior to discovery of the fire by the interior team. Shortly after fire discovery by the internal team, a mayday was called. Four firefighters from the interior fire attack team received first and second degree burns. This report analyzes photographic, video, and written documentation from the incident to evaluate the timeline of the incident and to assess the fire conditions present. Computer modeling using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was performed to provide further insight into the fire conditions and the impact of decisions and actions on the fire ground. Additionally, data from a full scale fire test of a similar fire in a similar structure was used to provide additional insight. Four FDS simulations were performed in support of the analysis. These included a simulation of the event as it unfolded and three simulations looking at the impact of alternate tactics which included: initial exterior attack prior to entry, the use of a smoke curtain to protect the building exit path, and interior only attack. FDS simulations provided insight on the heat present in the apartment during the fire and the impact of the interior and exterior suppression on conditions inside the apartment. Full scale test data of a similar fire showed similar behavior to the FDS predictions and gives credence to the FDS results. Results of the analysis suggest that injuries resulted from the length of time the interior attack team was present inside the apartment before actions were taken to reduce the severity of the fire. Six contributing factors were identified including size-up, communication and accountability, delayed exterior attack, lack of entry hall protection, the apartment layout and construction, thermal imager use, and mayday procedures and training. The last contributing factor was a positive contribution that helped avoid more serious injuries. Based on the contributing factors, five recommendations were made that include improved size-up, exterior fire control to prevent exterior spread, protection of exit pathways, basing fire ground tactics on known information, and recognizing when a change in tactics is needed.
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Ihsan, Yilmaz, and Raja Ali M. Saleem. The nexus of religious populism and digital authoritarianism in Pakistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0016.
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Pakistan has a turbulent political history. In the seven decades since its creation, the country has faced four military-led dictatorships and another two decades under indirect military rule. Given this political trend, authoritarianism is not a novel phenomenon in the country. Digital authoritarianism, however, is a relatively new domain of oppression. This paper looks at how a political party in power and the “establishment” (military elite and its civilian collaborators) have been increasing the control of digital mediums as well as weaponizing space. This dual control and usage allow for growing digital authoritarianism. Using the case study of Imran Khan’s government (2018-2022) and its collaboration with the military establishment in enforcing digital authoritarianism, this article uses four levels of an assessment of internet governance in Pakistan (whole network level, sub-network level, proxy level, and user level). In addition, the role of Khan’s political party’s Islamist populist outlook in contributing to authoritarianism is also discussed. A lot of censorship happens around ideas of protecting Islam and Pakistan’s Muslim identity. The review also finds that the establishment uses not only religion but also ultra-nationalism and fears of foreign attacks, primarily by “Hindu” India, as means to closely surveil and curb the rights of citizens which it deems not worthy of trust. Our results find that Pakistan’s digital space is highly oppressive where ideas of religion, ontological insecurity, and nationalism are weaponized to legitimize the state’s growing authoritarianism.
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Gershoni, Jonathan M., David E. Swayne, Tal Pupko, Shimon Perk, Alexander Panshin, Avishai Lublin, and Natalia Golander. Discovery and reconstitution of cross-reactive vaccine targets for H5 and H9 avian influenza. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699854.bard.
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Research objectives: Identification of highly conserved B-cell epitopes common to either H5 or H9 subtypes of AI Reconstruction of conserved epitopes from (1) as recombinantimmunogens, and testing their suitability to be used as universal vaccine components by measuring their binding to Influenza vaccinated sera of birds Vaccination of chickens with reconstituted epitopes and evaluation of successful vaccination, clinical protection and viral replication Development of a platform to investigate the dynamics of immune response towards infection or an epitope based vaccine Estimate our ability to focus the immune response towards an epitope-based vaccine using the tool we have developed in (D) Summary: This study is a multi-disciplinary study of four-way collaboration; The SERPL, USDA, Kimron-Israel, and two groups at TAU with the purpose of evaluating the production and implementation of epitope based vaccines against avian influenza (AI). Systematic analysis of the influenza viral spike led to the production of a highly conserved epitope situated at the hinge of the HA antigen designated “cluster 300” (c300). This epitope consists of a total of 31 residues and was initially expressed as a fusion protein of the Protein 8 major protein of the bacteriophagefd. Two versions of the c300 were produced to correspond to the H5 and H9 antigens respectively as well as scrambled versions that were identical with regard to amino acid composition yet with varied linear sequence (these served as negative controls). The recombinantimmunogens were produced first as phage fusions and then subsequently as fusions with maltose binding protein (MBP) or glutathioneS-transferase (GST). The latter were used to immunize and boost chickens at SERPL and Kimron. Furthermore, vaccinated and control chickens were challenged with concordant influenza strains at Kimron and SEPRL. Polyclonal sera were obtained for further analyses at TAU and computational bioinformatics analyses in collaboration with Prof. Pupko. Moreover, the degree of protection afforded by the vaccination was determined. Unfortunately, no protection could be demonstrated. In parallel to the main theme of the study, the TAU team (Gershoni and Pupko) designed and developed a novel methodology for the systematic analysis of the antibody composition of polyclonal sera (Deep Panning) which is essential for the analyses of the humoral response towards vaccination and challenge. Deep Panning is currently being used to monitor the polyclonal sera derived from the vaccination studies conducted at the SEPRL and Kimron.
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Jenkins, J. Lee, Edbert B. Hsu, Anna Russell, Allen Zhang, Lisa M. Wilson, and Eric B. Bass. Infection Prevention and Control for the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforce. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb42.
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Objectives. To summarize current evidence on exposures to infectious pathogens in the emergency medical services (EMS) and 911 workforce, and on practices for preventing, recognizing, and controlling occupationally acquired infectious diseases and related exposures in that workforce. Review methods. We obtained advice on how to answer four Guiding Questions by recruiting a panel of external experts on EMS clinicians, State-level EMS leadership, and programs relevant to EMS personnel, and by engaging representatives of professional societies in infectious diseases and emergency medicine. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and SCOPUS from January 2006 to March 2022 for relevant studies. We also searched for reports from State and Federal Government agencies or nongovernmental organizations interested in infection prevention and control in the EMS and 911 workforce. Results. Twenty-five observational studies reported on the epidemiology of infections in the EMS and 911 workforce. They did not report demographic differences except for a higher risk of hepatitis C in older workers and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in minorities. EMS clinicians certified/licensed in Advanced Life Support have a high risk for blood and fluid exposure, and EMS clinicians had a higher risk of hospitalization or death from SARS-CoV-2 than firefighters whose roles were not primarily related to medical care. Eleven observational studies reported on infection prevention and control practices (IPC), providing some evidence that hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and on-site vaccine clinics are effective. Research on IPC in EMS and 911 workers has increased significantly since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Conclusions. Moderate evidence exists on the epidemiology of infections and effectiveness of IPC practices in EMS and 911 workers, including hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and vaccine clinics. Most evidence is observational, with widely varying methods, outcomes, and reporting. More research is needed on personal protective equipment effectiveness and vaccine acceptance, and better guidance is needed for research methods in the EMS and 911 worker setting.
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Allan, Duncan, and Ian Bond. A new Russia policy for post-Brexit Britain. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784132842.
Full textAbstract:
The UK’s 2021 Integrated Review of security, defence, development and foreign policy describes Russia as ‘the most acute direct threat to [the UK’s] security’ in the 2020s. Relations did not get this bad overnight: the trend has been negative for nearly two decades. The bilateral political relationship is now broken. Russian policymakers regard the UK as hostile, but also as weaker than Russia: a junior partner of the US and less important than Germany within Europe. The consensus among Russian observers is that Brexit has reduced the UK’s international influence, to Russia’s benefit. The history of UK–Russia relations offers four lessons. First, because the two lack shared values and interests, their relationship is fragile and volatile. Second, adversarial relations are the historical norm. Third, each party exaggerates its importance on the world stage. Fourth, external trends beyond the UK’s control regularly buffet the relationship. These wider trends include the weakening of the Western-centric international order; the rise of populism and opposition to economic globalization; and the global spread of authoritarian forms of governance. A coherent Russia strategy should focus on the protection of UK territory, citizens and institutions; security in the Euro-Atlantic space; international issues such as non-proliferation; economic relations; and people-to-people contacts. The UK should pursue its objectives with the tools of state power, through soft power instruments and through its international partnerships. Despite Brexit, the EU remains an essential security partner for the UK. In advancing its Russia-related interests, the UK should have four operational priorities: rebuilding domestic resilience; concentrating resources on the Euro-Atlantic space; being a trusted ally and partner; and augmenting its soft power. UK decision-makers should be guided by four propositions. In the first place, policy must be based on clear, hard-headed thinking about Russia. Secondly, an adversarial relationship is not in itself contrary to UK interests. Next, Brexit makes it harder for the UK and the EU to deal with Russia. And finally, an effective Russia policy demands a realistic assessment of UK power and influence. The UK is not a ‘pocket superpower’. It is an important but middling power in relative decline. After Brexit, it needs to repair its external reputation and maximize its utility to allies and partners, starting with its European neighbours.
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Noga, Edward J., Angelo Colorni, Michael G. Levy, and Ramy Avtalion. Importance of Endobiotics in Defense against Protozoan Ectoparasites of Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586463.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Infectious disease is one of the most serious causes of economic loss in all sectors of aquaculture. There is a critical need to understand the molecular basis for protection against infectious disease so that safer, more reliable and more cost-effective strategies can be designed for their control. As part of this effort, the major goal of our BARD project was to determine the importance of endobiotics as a defense against protozoan ectoparasites in fish. Endobiotics, or antimicrobial polypeptides, are peptides and small proteins that are increasingly recognized as having a vital role in the innate defense of virtually all animals. One objective of our BARD project was to determine the antiparasitic potency of one specific group of endobiotics that were isolated from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M chrysops). We found that these endobiotics, which we had previously named histone-like proteins (HLPs), exhibited potent activity against Amyloodinium and that the putative levels of HLPs in the skin were well within the levels that we found to be lethal to the parasite in vitro. We also found evidence for the presence of similar antibiotics in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Mediterranean sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We also examined the effect of chronic stress on the expression of HLP in fish and found that HLP levels were dramatically decreased after only one week of a crowding/high ammonia sublethal stress. We also began to explore the feasibility of upregulating endobiotics via immunostimulation. However, we did not pursue this objective as fully as we originally intended because we spent a much larger effort than originally anticipated on the last objective, the attempted isolation of novel endobiotics from hybrid striped bass. In this regard, we purified and identified four new peptide endobiotics. These endobiotics, which we have named piscidins (from "Pisces" meaning fish), have potent, broad-spectrum activity against a number of both fish and human pathogens. This includes not only parasites but also bacteria. We also demonstrated that these peptides are present in the mast cell. This was the first time that the mast cell, the most common tissue granulocyte in vertebrates, was shown to possess any type of endobiotic. This finding has important implications in explaining the possible function of mast cells in the immune response of vertebrates. In summary, the research we have accomplished in this BARD project has demonstrated that endobiotics in fish have potent activity against many serious pathogens in aquaculture and that there is considerable potential to use these compounds as stress indicators in aquaculture. There is also considerable potential to use some of these compounds in other areas of medicine, including treatment of serious infectious diseases of humans and animals.