Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protection contre la foudre'
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Ait-Amar, Sonia. "Modélisation de la protection contre la foudre par paratonnerre." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112323.
Full textCombaret, Christophe Macovschi Mihail. "Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2001. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=combaret.
Full textCombaret, Christophe. "Comportement thermique des composants de protection contre les effets indirects de la foudre." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0055/these.pdf.
Full textHigh power avalanche diodes, often sold as "transil" diodes, represent an attractive solution for the protection of electronic systems against lightning induced effects. These effects are generated (resistive, capacitive or inductive coupling) when an electric conductor is very close to metallic mass directly hit by a lightning stroke). Reliable and rational implementation of a transil diode needs a thermo-electrical fitting as sharp as possible. The proposed model is based both on the diode mechanical structure for its thermal side and on a SPICE-like system for its electrical side. The model numerical parameters computation and use have been validated with experimental data. On the other hand, long-term behavior of a transil diode hit by lightning induced effects is not well known. So, the second part of this work concerns degradation and weakening effects appearing in normal work conditions of the component. Experimental equipments (high energy pulses generator and measurement setup) have been developped. Preliminary observations have showed differences in the diode behavior under, in one hand, high energy and low current pulses and, in the other hand, high current and low energy pulses. Then, a systematic study showed differences between these two behavior. In the first case, two phenomena leading to a typical increasing of reverse leakage current have been studied and analysed. They appear to be linked to localized breakdown and setting up of deep levels in the junction
Xémard, Alain. "Modélisation électromagnétique des effets de la foudre sur les réseaux d'énergie électrique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2103_axemard.pdf.
Full textThis P. H. D work is devoted to the study of some aspects of the effect of lightning on distribution and transmission electrical networks. It was motivated by the will to dispose of methods allowing to avoid some of the negative effects of lightning over-voltages which may propagate along electrical systems (destruction of apparatuses, short-circuits leading to voltage dips, e. T. C. ). Different scientific issues are considered. At first we analyse the different experimental data regarding lightning current available today in order to determine which ones are the most appropriate to conduct this type of study. Then we examine the issue of induced over-voltages (they are the over-voltages due to lightning strokes having a point of impact located in the vicinity of the electric network). We present a coupling model allowing to representing the coupling between the electromagnetic field due to a lightning stroke and a multi-conductor line whose parameters are varying versus frequency. This model is used in order to determine the risk of failure due to lightning of the apparatuses of a domestic low-voltage client. One use for that a probabilistic method of type quasi-Monte-Carlo. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the study of the flashover rate of transmission overhead lines. This rate corresponds to the average number of insulator string flashovers per year and for 100 km of line. It allows to estimate the lightning behaviour of transmission lines. We present a numerical method calculating this rate automatically which is based on the use of the electromagnetic transient calculation software EMTP-RV. Then we apply this method to study several solutions allowing to reduce the flashover rate in several configurations. We focus more specifically on the use of line arresters. Line arresters are voltage limiters installed in parallel with insulator strings allowing to limit the overvoltage between the terminals of the insulator strings at a value lower than their withstand voltage. This solution is relatively new and required numerous optimisation in order to install line arresters in a way which conciliates a reasonable cost and a good efficiency regarding the reduction of the flashover rate
Durris, Laurent. "Etude d'un dispositif de contrôle des paratonnerres installes pour la protection électromagnétique des bâtiments." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0101.
Full textThe risks due to industrial facilities can be increased by lightning. Thereby, Lightning Protection Systems (LPS) are necessary and they must be periodically controlled. To carry out this control, the CLI (EDF- France) and Séchaud & Metz have developed the SYMPA measurement method. Compared to conventional means, SYMPA has several advantages. It is a global measurement method, applied to the whole LPS. Moreover, with SYMPA, the lightning current paths can be found out and the potential equalisation faults of the down conductors and the grounding network can be evaluated. The study presented in this thesis bas two major aims. The first one is to precisely define the way to use SYMPA. The second one consists in developing simulation softwares to facilitate the use of SYMPA and to increase its capabilities. For this latter aim, SimSymp and Impact softwares were created. SimSymp can be employed to model the use of SYMPA on any LPS, in order to prepare the measurement campaign. After the campaign, Impact can be used to compute the perturbations that would be produced by a real direct lightning stroke. The theoretical bases of both softwares are described in the thesis. Calculation results were also compared to experimental data. The softwares were found to be reliable robust and easy to use. Then, they are very interesting for engineering problems
Perel, Thomas. "Protection des circuits électriques des avions plus composites et plus électriques : propriétés électriques des varistances élaborées par "Spark Plasma Sintering"." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2480/.
Full textSince several years, manufacturers are interested in composite materials for the fabrication of their aircrafts as well as the electrification on deported equipments related to the concept of "more electric" aircraft. The performance criteria of these technological changes are significant (weight gains, volume, operating cost, efficiency. . . ), but are sources of new problems especially in case of lightning strike. The protection of the equipments after a lightning strike on the aircraft structure must be performed by a system or a component having a highly non-linear current voltage characteristic and able to absorb high energy density. Thanks to their properties, Zinc oxide based varistors seems to be good candidates. Flash Sintering technique or "Spark Plasma Sintering" is a particularly interesting production technique. Indeed, this sintering technique is known to increase the kinetics of densification of materials. Thus, a better control of their microstructure suggests maximized electrical performances for a maximum compactness. The objectives of this work are to study the influence of the sintering method on the electrical properties of the material and to show the advantages and disadvantages compared to a conventional sintering method. For this, an electrothermal model based on the barrier height variation is proposed. On the other hand, different encapsulation ways are tested and some recommendations are proposed concerning theirs choice. Finally, as the decrease of the component grain inevitably leads to a decrease on the maximum permissible energy density, we show the limits of the electrical characteristics obtained on samples sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering
Bourgeois, Yannick. "Modélisation des perturbations électromagnétiques générées sur un réseau de télécommunications par une agression de type foudre." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ecc54aba-2824-4378-9858-a6928f3bb547/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4004.pdf.
Full textLightning by its direct and indirect effects may engender important damages on a telecommunications network. This thesis approaches the modeling of the coupling of a lightning stroke with a structure composed of a building associated to a wired network. By means of a formalism based on the transmission line theory associated to a topological approach, a study of the efficiency of a lightning protection device, composed of a shielding wire installed in the ground above the underground cable, is made in a exhaustive way by using experimental data obtained by means of triggered lightning. Furthermore, thanks to the antenna theory in the time domain (FDTD), the thesis also approaches the calculation of the currents generated simultaneously on a building and its wired network when the lighting stroke occurs on the considered structure. The practical application aimed by all these works being the improvement of the lightning protection of the radio-sites
Laroubine, Jacques. "Conception assistée par ordinateur d'un système de protection de lignes d'alimentation basse tension contre la foudre et l' IEM. N-HA." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112101.
Full textThe lightning creates an electromagnetic field which produces a slow duration and high energy pulse of current on low voltage power distribution networks. On the other hand an high altitude nuclear burst generates an electromagnetic pulse which causes fast and intense interferences. We describe here the specifications of a passive filter that can reject these interferences. We used a computer aided method of simulation to create a prototype. Experimental results confirm the validity of the model used for simulation
Konate, Lamine Boubacar. "Modélisation de la tenue diélectrique dans les grands intervalles d'air : application aux intervalles complexes." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC040.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the positive discharge in large air gaps. The initial goal is to develop a model able to determine the voltage U50 and the k-factor, two important factors involved in the design of high voltage structures in complex geometries. To do this, a review of the discharge models available in the literature was done. We chose the circuit model developed by Professor Beroual’s group and applied to the positive discharge and also to the negative discharge. This model is based on an equivalent circuit diagram, his parameters varying with time according to the leader channel characteristics and the geometry of the discharge. The spread of the leader is based on a criterion related to the calculation of the field at its head and where the randomness of the discharge path is taken into account. As most of models found in the literature, this model applies only to the point-plane type interval. Part of this work was to extend the domain of applicability of this model to complex geometries. A detailed study of the rod-rod gap allowed us to validate our model in its ability to simulate an example of complex geometry. Moreover, experimental tests allowed us to compare the value of the U50 voltage determined using our model and the one from experiments for to this rod-rod geometry. The results are in good agreement with a margin of error of less than 5%. Given the good agreement resulting from the confrontation model - laboratory experience and the great similarity, large spark - atmospheric discharge, a positive lightning model was developed. This model allowed us to use for the first time the circuit model to model the lightning attachment process. The results obtained allow to validate the feasibility to find, to the standard methods of protection against lightning, digital alternative based on a simulation of lightning. An estimate of the field radiated by the leader channel was performed. This opens a way for the study of the interaction of these fields radiated with engineering systems
Bedel, Vincent. "Mise en oeuvre et optimisation d'un revêtement conducteur poly(époxy) : fils submicroniques d'argent pour la protection foudre de structures aéronautiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30144/document.
Full textThis work deals with the processing and the study of an extrinsic conductive polymer coating for the lightning strike protection of the aircraft carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) structural parts. The coating consist in a low viscosity bi component high performance poly(epoxy) matrix and silver submicronic wires with a high aspect ratio (AgNWs) obtained by a polyol process. The kinetic parameters, the physical structure and the molecular mobility of the matrix had been investigated as a function of the filler content. The surface and bulk conductivities had been measured as a function of filler content. It exhibits a percolation threshold below 1% in volume. The conduction mechanisms had been studied following an uncommon method of current density measurement as a function of the AgNWs content and the temperature. The critical electrical behaviour of each sample had been investigated through the current density method. It has permitted to understand the phenomenon responsible for the composite's degradation. Finally, lightning strike tests on representative configurations had been carried out. The ultrasonic inspections have highlighted the efficiency of the poly(epoxy)/AgNWs coating to avoid the structural delamination of the CFRP
Bastard, Camille. "Modélisation électromagnétique unifiée pour les contraintes foudre et champ fort sur aéronefs." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0015.
Full textDuring their missions, helicopters may fly near to high power radar and radio transmitters. These emissions can disturb electronic systems necessary to safety, especially during take-off and landing. Some regulatory requirements need to be considered during the development of new aircraft in order to be able to certify them. Part of the design studies are based on 2D and 3D numerical simulations to define the level of electromagnetic protection needed. Tests on real aircraft are also performed in order to validate these calculations and achieve the certification protocol. The objectives of this thesis are on the first hand to improve the numerical model used to be more predictive for HIRF problems and on the other hand to establish an extrapolation protocol in order to manage the LIE and HIRF problems with the same calculation. This extrapolation protocol reduces three-day calculation times to 7 hours. In the purpose of solving this double problematic, finite difference time domain methodology is used mainly with the ASERIS-FD software. For the extrapolation protocol, the Matrix Pencil method is applied
GUILLIER, J. FRANCOIS. "Protection des postes contre les surtensions atmospheriques." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066169.
Full textBedja, Abderrahim. "Modélisation de l'attachement de la décharge de foudre sur un paratonnerre, prenant en compte les charges d'espace." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECDL0013.
Full textThe aim of our thesis is to study the lightning attachment process in the case of the lightning rod installed upon the ground. All phases of propagation of the upward discharge initiated from the lightning rod are taken into account in our work (corona effect, transition corona-ascendant streamer, propagation of the couple streamer-leader). This study contributes to a best comprehension of the influence of the geometry of the lightning rod (height, radius of curvature) on the effectiveness of the rod to intercept the downward discharge
Giaume, Charles. "La protection du consommateur contre les clauses abusives." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE0006.
Full textSudre, Bertrand. "Bioaérosols de l'environnement agricole et protection contre l'allergie." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0017.
Full textThe increase in allergic diseases is a public health problem. The studies on farmer's children have shown that children early exposed to farm environment are protected against allergy and asthma and few environmental factors have being yet identified. We present the microbiological and palynologic results of the bio-aerosol contamination in farming setting, its variability and its kinetic, and the results of the PASTUREmicrobio study focusing on a sub-set of farms and dwellings (farmer and rural) within the european PASTURE cohort. The level of airborne contamination of the cattle sheds in winter is 10 exposant 4 UFC/m3 for the cultivable bacteria, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] grains/m3 for graminaceous pollens, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] UFC/m3 for the actinomycetes and [10 exposant 5 - 10 exposant 6] UFC-spores/m3 for the fungal micro-organisms and spores. Factors significantly associated with the airborne contamination are the seasonal variation and the feeding distribution to livestock. The pollen concentration measured in winter in cattle shed exceeds the outdoor ones during the summer season. The contamination of farm child rooms is linked to the cattle shed's one which is diversified and significantly higher in winter compared to rural children contamination. A differential exposition of rural and farmer children to the bio-aerosols in the stables and dwellings also exist. This work highlights a high and per annual pollen exposure within cattle sheds in parallel with a high bacterial and fungal co-exposure. Those characteristics are potential factors that might explain the protective effect of farming environment against allergic diseases
Duday, David. "Protection de l'alliage de titane TA6V contre l'oxydation." La Rochelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LAROS016.
Full textBricha, Naji. "Protection optimale des réseaux logistiques contre des attaques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25427.
Full textThe evolution of logistic networks is accompanied by the worrisome risk of intentional attacks and these networks increasingly become potential targets. It is essential to protect them against these attacks. This thesis develops a method for the optimal allocation of defensive resources among the entities’ logistic networks to protect against intentional attacks in the context of facility location optimization. This method is developed to calculate the expected damage, evaluate the value of a critical target and optimally distribute the limited defensive resources, taking the attacker’s strategy into account. Three cases of logistics networks are studied in this thesis. We first of all consider the context of the uncapacitated fixed-charge location where a strategy of optimal protection is selected. Then, extra-capacity is used as a means for indirect protection, allowing the reduction of the expected damage. Lastly, as the efficiency and effectiveness in any logistics network is largely determined by the correct operation of the warehouses, the latter are also protected in the same way as the plants. Whereas the defender’s objective is to minimize the damage, the attacker seeks to maximize this damage. In the three cases considered the problem formulation as a two-period game where the defender invests in the first period. This means that the defender selects a strategy in the first period that minimizes the maximum loss the attacker may cause in the second period. A method is developed to evaluate the utilities of the players. This method evaluates many expected costs, including the cost needed to restore disabled facilities, the backorder cost, and the cost incurred because of the change in transportation costs after attacks. An algorithm is developed to find the equilibrium solution and the optimal defence strategy. Our method is compared to other suggested strategies. Obtained results clearly indicate the effectiveness of our model and the indirect protection by extra-capacity deployment, as well as the importance of protecting the warehouses.
Galmiche, Sophie. "Protection du graphite contre l'oxydation à haute température." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10431.
Full textLabruquère, Sandrine. "Protection interne contre l'oxydation des composites carbone/carbone." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10676.
Full textHammoud, Asif. "Etude des convertisseurs haute tension pour la protection et la coordination des réseaux de distribution." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0072/these.pdf.
Full textElectrical networks are increasingly interconnected, and in particular, with new local production systems (renewable energy). The transport to the distribution network will use DC links. These links can improve the behaviour of AC systems by using rapid control systems based on power electronics. On the other hand, the rapid development in the field of power electrics has increased the power transmission projects based on DC. Among the developing power switches, the JFET in SiC is the most advanced and allows to imagine converters directly connected to networks. In this case it will be exposed to the network constraints, especially the lightning pulse. The initial objective of this thesis is to show the possibility to use SiC components in a converter directly connected to the distribution network and to initiate a study on the robustness of the JFET subjected to overvoltages induced by lightning. A comparative study, using models and data from measurements, suggests that in some applications, the use of JFET is advantageous compared to the IGBT in Si. An experimental set-up has been developed for exposing a JFET to a lightning stroke and to measure its behaviour inside a grip connected inverter. The device allows to study the 6 cases of possible operation of JFET, and take into account the polarity of the shock. Initial findings show that the JFET in its environmental inverter, is resistant to shocks defined in the standards and that it remains for further work on modelling electro-thermal JFET
Cioranesco, Jean-Michel. "Nouvelles Contre-Mesures pour la Protection de Circuits Intégrés." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010022/document.
Full textEmbedded security applications are diverse and at the center of all personal embedded applications. They introduced an obvious need for data confidentiality and security in general. Invasive attacks on hardware have always been part of the industrial scene. The aim of this thesis is to propose new solutions in order to protect embedded circuits against some physical attacks described above. ln a first part of the manuscript, we detail the techniques used to achieve side-channel, invasive attacks and reverse engineering. I could implement several of these attacks during my thesis research, they will be detailed extensively. ln the second part we propose different hardware countermeasures against side-channel attacks. The third part is dedicated to protection strategies against invasive attacks using active shielding and we conclude this work by proposing an innovative cryptographic shield which is faulty and dpa resistant
Queant, Caroline. "Systèmes de protection de nouvelle génération contre les UV." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30270.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is divided in three research axis. The first axis regards the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres synthesis containing UV absorbers (UVA) and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS). UVA and HALS work synergistically to prevent UV degradation in coatings. The second axis studies the synthesis of stimuli-sensitive encapsulation system for the tailored release of the UV stabilizers. The last axis compares the system efficiency in the case of UV protection for clear coat for exterior wood. In the first axis, PMMA microspheres with UVA and HALS were synthesized by the internal phase separation method. Microspheres are added to an exterior clear coat binder then applied onto white spruce panels. Some formulations are realized. Some contains free UVA and HALS similar to commercial paint and others have different concentrations in encapsulated compounds. Paint performance is evaluated after accelerated weathering. The comparison of formulations allow the evaluation of the efficiency of encapsulation of UV stabilizers inside the wood clear coat. The performance of coating consists on a good aesthetic resistance, a small color change and low chemical degradation. Obtained results are based on analysis with FTIR, TEM and colorimetry. In the second axis, the release of UVA is improved by the UV sensitive polymer. This polymer is able to change its own molecular conformation under UV rays. The poly(1-(4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-azo)benzenesulfonamido)-1,2 -ethanediyl) or (PAZO) is deposited onto CaCO3 templates containing UVA encapsulated. The encapsulation is done by coprecipitation of Na2CO3 and CaCl2.The layer by layer allow the deposition of charged polymers. PAZO is adsorbed after a layer of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). The obtained particles are added to a complete clear coat formulation. Samples are placed in an accelerated weathering chamber. The encapsulation is proved by analysis techniques of XPS, TEM and TGA. Polymer PAZO transition is observed by colorimetry. In the last axis of this work, the two encapsulation systems are compared using encapsulated UV stabilizers inside a formulation of wood clear coat. Dried films are placed in accelerated weathering chamber in order to test their efficiency. After 1000 h of artificial weathering, films are analyzed and compared to the initial state. The mapping Raman technique allows to visualize the free UV stabilizers distribution inside the dried film. DMA calculate mechanical modulus and Tg of studied films. This last axis allows to connect distribution of UV protectors and efficiency of coating protection.
Alkhalfan, Ismail. "La protection contre les clauses abusives du contrat d'assurance." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10024/document.
Full textInsurance contract is often given as an example of adhesion contract. In fact, Insurance contract was before, developed, written, and printed by the insurer. As for the insured, he eventually got involved in a pre-arranged contract that he did not discuss its conditions. It is therefore necessary to protect the insured against any unfair terms in the insurance contract. The protection against these unfair terms could originate from several sources. The main source could be the Consumer Law and more specifically Article L. 132-1 of the Consumer Code. This article protects only the insured consumer. The other sources are mentioned in the common law of contracts and special laws applicable to the insurance contract. If in the current texts, these sources do not mention any protection against the unfair terms stricto sensu, a formulated as a reform to the Contract Law could demonstrate the protection. In this study, we analyzed the different sources of protection, and then we tried to propose a text that will guarantee, from our point of view, the best protection for the insured against unfair terms
Amouri, Badreddine. "L'action directe contre les clubs de protection et d'indemnité." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1054.
Full textDirect action against the P & I clubs is one of the main issues of maritime international disputes. Indeed, protection and indemnity clubs, which provides to shipowners "Indemnity" policies, requires a club member to discharge his liabilities to the injured third party before he can be indemnified by the P&I club. It results from a clause contained in the rules called "pay to be paid". Therefore, if the member cannot compensate the third party as result of insolvency, the english law does not allow the victim to bring proceedings against these institutions. Indeed, the third parties act against insurers 2010 transfers to the victim the rights of the insolvent insured against the insurer. At the same time, and regarding the legislation of England, the club is entitled to rely on the “pay to be paid” rule against the third party, which will defeat finally the claim. However, it is well known that some international conventions regarding the liability of the shipowner are conferring direct right of action against the P&I clubs. The International maritime organization does not allow these institutions, for some damages, to rely on the "pay to be paid" clause. From "indemnity insurers", the P&I club become "liability insures". Besides these conventions, this thesis will analyze the function of the direct action against P&I clubs in maritime disputes, and the legal solution which will allow any third party to sue directly the P&I clubs for the other damages
Guillemot-Treffainguy, Vanessa. "La protection de l'enfant contre ses parents : (1804-1958)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0763/document.
Full textFrom the Civil Code in 1804 to the Ordonnance of Decembre 23rd, 1958, the legal protection of the child « in danger » has been revolutionized. As the Civil Code consideres the « paternal authority » (puissance paternelle) as an inviolable and sacred power of the father on his child, there is a complete absence of legal protection of the child, whether the child is a natural one or a legitimate one. The right of custody may not been taken away from the father who neglects his own child. Nonetheless, since the early 19th century, the judges had drawn the concept of « interest of the child » in order to protect him against his father's abuse of auhtority. However, because the « paternal authority » is strong, they cannot limit durably the effects of the father’s power. Then, at the end of the century, the State involves itself in the legal protection by entering at the father’s home. Indeed, the law of July 24th, 1889 instaures for the first time forfeiture parental rights when parents has commited a fault. According to this new principle, an harmful judicial policy of « all or nothing » paralyzes the child protection. Thus the infrequent legislative interventions in the 19th and 20th centuries, harming the paternal authority, are taken in the aim of protecting the interest of the State in stead of developping a real Right to the child. Consequently, the judges still work for the protection of the child by formulating pretorian theoricies. As a result of the judges’work, the interest of the child tends to be the criterion of judicial protection since the interwar years. It is not until the Ordonnance of December 1958 that intervention of the State is not based anymore on a parental fault but on the only interest of the child
Nassar, Maxime. "Contre-mesures à bas coût contre les attaques physiques sur algorithmes cryptographiques implémentés sur FPGA Altera." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00790669.
Full textBennani, Lokman. "Modélisation bidimensionnelle de systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0037/document.
Full textLe givrage a depuis longtemps été identifié comme une problématique sérieuse dans le monde aéronautique.L’accrétion de givre, due à la présence de gouttelettes d’eau surfondue dans les nuages, dégrade les performances aérodynamiques et le rendement des entrées d’air parmi d’autres conséquences néfastes. Ainsi, les avionneurs sont sujets à des règles de certifications concernant la capacité à voler en conditions givrantes. Pour se faire, des systèmes de protection contre le givre sont utilisés. En raison de la complexité des phénomènes physiques mis en jeux, la simulation numérique constitue un atout lors de la phase de conception. Ce travail de thèse porte sur la modélisation et la simulation numérique des systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre. Il s’articule autour de trois approches de modélisation, qui ont donné lieu au développement de trois modules. Deux d’entre eux sont dédiés à la simulation du transfert de chaleur dans le système et dans la glace (changement de phase). Le troisième est lié à la modélisation du comportement mécanique du givre atmosphérique avec fissuration. Ainsi, les propriétés mécaniques du givre atmosphérique sont revues de façon à pouvoir identifier les paramètres intervenant dans le modèle de fissuration. Ce modèle est ensuite utilisé pour étudier les mécanismes possibles de détachement du givre, qui ne sont à l’heure actuelle pas encore bien compris. Le but final de ce travail est de proposer une méthodologie de simulation couplée pour les systèmes électrothermiques de protection contre le givre. Ainsi, la faisabilité d’un calcul couplé thermique-fissuration avec prédiction de détachement de givre est présentée
Lone, Sang Fernand. "Protection des systèmes informatiques contre les attaques par entrées-sorties." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863020.
Full textChenot, Fanny. "La protection contre les troubles de voisinage en droit privé." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT3017.
Full textMahane, Mouna. "Qualité de protection des circuits intégrés contre les décharges électrostatiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30323.
Full textThis work has been done in a highly competitive context, where electronic-system designers require electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices providing high performance levels. The purpose of protection device is to make circuits robust against ESD event, while being totally invisible to the system during normal operation. In this work, several aspects of ESD protection device are discussed, and new testing methods are proposed. An overview of design issues related to the several aspects of ESD protection is outlined. A new design approach is proposed which aims to address a large range of applications and is based on a "flexible" technology of protection. We achieve this challenge using machine learning tools and physical simulations to explore and yield profit from the existing compromises between designs and process parameters. The final goal is to allow maximum design flexibility while providing guidance to easily adapt ESD protection to the targeted application-requirements
Talhi, Chabane. "Contribution à l'étude du dimensionnement d'un parafoudre à base d'oxyde de zinc : application aux lignes à courant continu." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30063.
Full textN'Simba, François. "Approche économique de lutte contre les pertes des sols." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40030.
Full textThe phenomenon of erosion, because of its economic and environmental implications, has become one of the major problems confronted by those who manage our natural environment. Erosion is a natural phenomenon which can, however, be accentuated by modern agricultural methods. Soil erosion causes damage not only on an agricultural level, but also in areas unconnected with farming. The most immediate consequences are a reduction in the earth fertility (with all the attendant consequences regarding production and yields), which in return calls for a massive use of fertilisers. The erosion of earth enriched by fertilisers contributes to the deposit of soil particles in lakes and rivers. These products of erosion coming from agricultural land have a negative effet on water supply, on leisure activities, the cost of water treatment and wild life. These are external effects, as they are not taken into account in the farmer's decision-making process when it comes to choosing farming methods. These external costs must therefore be taken into account in the drawing up of soil conservation programmes. These soil conservation programmes also have an impact on farmer's income, prices, agricultural production and water quality
Battino, Stéphanie. "Protection des ressources souterraines en eau potable : notions de périmétre de protection." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P112.
Full textZhang, Yi. "Analyse et dimensionnement d'ouvrages de protection contre les chutes de blocs." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002076.
Full textIvanes, Fabrice. "Nouveaux mécanismes de protection des cardiomyocytes contre les lésions d'ischémie / reperfusion." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01060259.
Full textRivière, Antoine. "Protection des Circuits Intégrés CMOS Profondément Submicroniques contre les Décharges Electrostatiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341887.
Full textHocini, Hakim. "Recherche d'une base immunologique de la protection contre la carie dentaire." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114839.
Full textGerentes, Lionel. "Place des anticorps anti-neuraminidase dans la protection contre l'infection grippale." Paris, EPHE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPHE3043.
Full textST, AMANT MARTIN. "Le regime canadien de protection contre le dumping et les subventions." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010309.
Full textIn common with some other countries, canada considers it necessary to provide special protection for national manufacturers, besides that given to them by customs duties. One of the most important forms of protection is undoubtedly the implementation of anti-dumping law or countervailing duties so as to effset the harmful effects caused to canadian manufacturers from the export to canada of products at price lower than those applicable in the exporting country or supported by subsidies paid by governments. Our study show that canada has not always respected its international obligations in imposing anti-dumping law or countervailing duties; consequently, legislative amendments are essential if canada wishes to respect the obligation it has contracted with the others contracting parties of the gatt
DIGUET, LAURENT. "Protection contre la corrosion par des revetements fluores - etude par voie." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066124.
Full textRivière, Antoine. "Protection des circuits intégrés CMOS profondément submicroniques contre les décharges électrostatiques." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20242.
Full textThe first part of this thesis recalls the involvement of electrostatic discharge within submicron CMOS circuits, ways of assessing the protection of a circuit and the different protection strategies commonly used to protect a circuit against ESD events and also presents the results obtained silicon structures test using the parasitic bipolar as a protective element (ggNMOS, LVTpnp). Since then, our work has focused on design and development of protections central conduction using MOS devices to evacuate ESD current. We bring a significant improvement in particular with untimely triggers caused by the phenomena of noise encountered on power supplies. A robust design of the circuit and a trigger approach to overcome the adverse effects encountered with very slow supply ramp-up. Thereafter we propose a method for the design of a central dynamic protection associated with the submission of a comprehensive flood automated characterization in the context of the use of a comprehensive strategy for the protection of a circuit. The last part of this work proposes two new approaches regarding detection function which could make ramps power up very fast without causing the outbreak of protection that can lead to a static critical current consumption
Garnaud, Françoise. "La protection de l'environnement contre la résidence secondaire : mythe ou réalité ?" Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D302.
Full textThe development of the french tourism and the increase of the spare time have favoured the multiplication of the second home, since the 60's. This is still going on nowadays, through different forms (individual or collective, isolated or integrated into operations of tourist planning), corroding and impoverishing insidiousely the free, rare and fragil spaces, and the natural environment said to be protected while an intense policy of tourist development is expanding. The implantation and building of the second home are not regulated at all. However the second home contributes to the increase of the financial charges of local authorities which demand more and more important government sunsidies, and they h deliberate incentives and a revival od passion for old accomodation only can stop the waste of ground and of a public finances, and can begin the repopulation of the french country
Khoshnoodi, Reza. "La protection du consommateur contre les produits défectueux : regard franco-iranien." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT4016.
Full textTraditionally, consumer law is defined as a set of rules aimed at balancing the relationship between consumers and professionals. But Consumer Law does not boil down to the "Consumer Code" and shall not be restricted to simply protecting the economic interests of consumers. Indeed, the safety of individuals is also a preferred value and it covers a field that is wider than the protection of economic interests in the professional-consumer relationship. A major question is therefore whether Consumer Law, as traditionally defined, is sufficiently equipped to protect consumers against defective products and their consequences. In order to answer this question, this study endeavours to go into the depth of things, especially on the issue of the independence of consumer law. It concludes that consumer law cannot achieve consumer protection on its own and needs to rely on other branches of the Law, especially public law, criminal law and civil law. What can undermine the effectiveness of Consumer Law as a protector of consumer safety is the non-use of other law fields. This is in this perspective that this study tends to demonstrate why the use of Public Law, Criminal Law, Civil Law is essential
Ho, Chia-Chun. "Protection des berges contre l'érosion avec des dispositifs incorporant des géotextiles." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10231.
Full textLn this project, the soil erosion behavior under three flow conditions was studied by tests using the equipment developed respectively. The test result reveals that ground water seepage in the uni-dÎrectional flow zone may cause the internai erosion, and part of the soil particles may be lost through the openings of the geotextile, and the rest may be clogged inside the fibers of the geotextile or accumulated behind the geotextile, forming a natural filter layer and thereby causing the decrease of seepage velocity. Bi-directional cyclic flow zone can be categorized into short term and long-term cyclic flow conditions. The result of large-scale tank test for short term cyclic flow conditions reveals that the soil În the upper layer is subject to the cyclic wave loadings which may trigger higher excess pore pressure and result in collapse, while the soil in the middle layer may be eroded by the tangential flow along the riverbank and accumulated downstream. The test results using bi-directional cyclic flow instrument show that under the long-term bi-directional cyclic flow action, if the cyclic flow period is considerably long, no erosion is expected. However, as long as the seepage velocity increases, it will cause boiling and triggering considerable loss of soil and settlement. Erosion behavior in the tangential flow zone was studied with the parallel erosion test instrument. A suitable geotextile covered on the surface of the revetment cannot only avoid the erosion but also form a natural filter layer underneath the geotextile which prevent the soil from continuous erosion. Once the natural filter layer is completely formed, the revetment will be stabilized
Riaud, Stéphanie. "Obfuscation de données pour la protection de programmes contre l'analyse dynamique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S167.
Full textReverse engineering is a technique that consists in analyzing a product in order to extract a secret. When a computer program is targeted, the reverse engineer may seek to extract an algorithm code or any component of this program. Obfuscation is a protection technique aimed to make it more difficult to reverse engineer. We are interested in the study and development of obfuscation techniques to protect computer programs. We have developed a new technique of code obfuscation, then we have demonstrated its effectiveness, and finally we implemented another protection technique with the aim of enhance the resilience of anti-reverse engineering protection techniques. So we, initially, designed and implemented a new obfuscation technique to protect certain specific elements contained in the programs implemented in C language. By relying on dynamic analysis techniques, we have established the effectiveness of this protection technique. Secondly, we have backed up previously established elements, by demonstrating empirically that this protection can be applied to concrete programs. We demonstrate that this protection can be placed on high-level codes and remain effective on executable files obtained from these codes. We demonstrate that when the process of obfuscation is realized in a scrupulous way, the execution time of programs remains in the same order as that of the protected programs. Thirdly, we work on developing targeted protection mechanisms to counter automatic analysis tools used by reverse engineers. Their aim is to enhance the robustness of the techniques applied to high level by increasing their stealth and providing fake results for the reverse engineers. Our contributions cover various topics related to protection against reverse engineering. We have developed and implemented new code protection techniques. When these protection techniques are apply to high level, we have developed a process to demonstrate that they do not lose efficiency and their cost in terms of execution time remains acceptable. For the lowest level protection techniques that we have developed, we have demonstrated their effectiveness face of dynamic code analysis tools used in reverse engineering
Sabrinni, Pereira Fernanda. "La protection des professionnels contre les clauses abusives : comparaison franco-brésilienne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020016.
Full textThe present thesis is about the protection of professionals against unfair contract terms. While at first glance, one would expect that such protection seemed to be in favor of consumers, it is no longer the case nowadays in many legal systems. In fact, if one considers the ratio legis of such protection, it seems discriminatory to reserve its benefits only to consumers. The impossibility to negotiate the contract, caused by the economic inequality between both parties, as well as the risk of unfair imbalance that results, conducts the legislator to give to the judge the power to declare unwritten the so-called abusive clauses.These two factors arise to professionals which are economically dependent upon the contracting party : this dependence will suppress any force over the negotiation of contract terms that the consumer may have. Consequently, some countries like France and unlike Brazil, have implemented a protection of professionals against significant imbalances. None of these protection systems may claim to be perfect. Thenceforth, the present comparative analysis will reveal the strengths and weaknesses of both French and Brazilian laws, and thus to better propose a recast of the protection granted by these two countries to professionals against unfair contract terms
Ta, Thanh Dinh. "Modèle de protection contre les codes malveillants dans un environnement distribué." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0040/document.
Full textThe thesis consists in two principal parts: the first one discusses the message for- mat extraction and the second one discusses the behavioral obfuscation of malwares and the detection. In the first part, we study the problem of “binary code coverage” and “input message format extraction”. For the first problem, we propose a new technique based on “smart” dynamic tainting analysis and reverse execution. For the second one, we propose a new method using an idea of classifying input message values by the corresponding execution traces received by executing the program with these input values. In the second part, we propose an abstract model for system calls interactions between malwares and the operating system at a host. We show that, in many cases, the behaviors of a malicious program can imitate ones of a benign program, and in these cases a behavioral detector cannot distinguish between the two programs
Vila, Anne. "Le déchet entre marché et protection de l'environnement." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090012.
Full textLe, Roux Mylène. "Contravention de grande voirie, domaine public naturel et protection penale de l'environnement." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT4013.
Full textNadal, Brice. "Synthèse et Evaluation de nouveau agents de protection contre les rayonnements ionisants." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447089.
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