Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protection de l'environnement'
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Kergoat, Michelle. "Libéralisme et protection de l'environnement." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT4005.
Full textIN FRONT OF THE EMERGENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND OF THE OBVIOUS DIFFICULTIES OF THE STATE TO CONSIDER AND RESOLVE THEM, DOES THE LIBERALISM BRING OTHER OPTIONS ? TO DISCOVER THEM, IT IS NECESSARY TO RECALL SOME ELEMENTS OR PRINCIPLES OF THE LIBERALISM : EVERY PEOPLE ARE HOLDERS OF RIGHTS WHICH ARE EQUALLY SHARED AND IN CONSEQUENCE SET BOUNDS TO INDIVIDUAL ACTS, A STATE WHOSE FIRST FUNCTION IS TO LOOK AFTER THE RESPECT OF THESE RIGHTS, WHILE ITS EXPANSION IS TIGHTLY KEPT IN CONTROL BY THE CITIZENS WHO CONSENTED TO HIS POWER, AND A SOCIETY WHICH IS REGULATED BY THE MARKET, BY THE CONTRACTS, AND BY EVERY KIND OF RELATIONS IN WHICH PEOPLE VOLUNTARLY ENGAGED THEMSELVES. AMONG THESE FEATURES, WHICH ONES WILL ARREST THE ATTENTION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AREAS ? THE PUT FORWARD SOLUTIONS RELIE MORE OFTEN ON THESE TWO INSTRUMENTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN A LIBERAL SOCIETY : MARKET AND PRIVATE PROPERTY. WHATEVER THEIR QUALITIES MAY BE, THEY APPEAR MAINLY AS MEANS TO RESIST TO THE DISTROYING OR CARELESS ACTS OF THE STATE OR OF OTHER PEOPLE. THEIR DEFAULTS ARISE FROM A LACK OF GENERAL DIRECTIVES WHICH CARE SPECIFICALLY ABOUT THE CAPABILITIES OF THE NATURE TO SATISFY THE NEEDS OF THE HUMAN ACTIVITIES. HOWEVER, CONTRARY TO AN OPINION WHICH ASSIMILATES LIBERALISM TO A FREE USE BY THE ECONOMY OF MEN AND NATURE IN NAME OF PROFIT, THE LIBERALISM SET A STRICT FRAME TO THE HUMAN ACTIONS, NOT ONLY BECAUSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS BUT BECAUSE OF A SEVERE ETHIC. WHICH ARGUMENTS COULD BRING TO THE ENVIRONEMENTAL CAUSE THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE TO DON'T HARM ANYBODY IN HIS LIFE AND HEALTH ? WHICH ALLIES THE ENVIRONMENT COULD FIND IN THE PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY-LIABILITY AND IN A REFLECTION ABOUT THE HUMAN NATURE ? AND IF THE SOCIAL CONTRAT APPEAR TOO CENTRED ON MEN TO PROTECT A NATURE WHOSE CAPABILITIES ARE LIMITED, HOW THIS LAST ONE COULD PARTICIPATE without INTERFERING DEEPLY WITH HUMAN LIBERTIES ?
Viala, Françoise Chantal. "Associations et protection de l'environnement." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40009.
Full textPaixâo, Silva Oliveira Liziane. "Mercosur et protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1058.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to verify what is the place granted to environment protection in the Mercosur. Does the development of environmental issues in the Mercosur allow us to speak of a regional system for environmental protection that is being strengthened? To answer these questions it is first necessary to identify the rules of environmental protection in the Mercosur's legal system in order to understand their relationship with its free trade rules (part I).It will be then necessary to analyse their implementation and effectiveness (Part Two)
Paixâo, Silva Oliveira Liziane. "Mercosur et protection de l'environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1058.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to verify what is the place granted to environment protection in the Mercosur. Does the development of environmental issues in the Mercosur allow us to speak of a regional system for environmental protection that is being strengthened? To answer these questions it is first necessary to identify the rules of environmental protection in the Mercosur's legal system in order to understand their relationship with its free trade rules (part I).It will be then necessary to analyse their implementation and effectiveness (Part Two)
Touzot, Charlotte. "Activités militaires et protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0006.
Full textMilitary activities obviously have an impact on the environment. From a legal point of view, there is an almost automatic exclusion of military activities from the field of ordinary Law for the protection of the environment. This exclusion arises through the multiplication of the exemptions that are in favor of military activities, and which are justified by the exceptional circumstances (war, emergency) and by the aim of military activities (general interest, best interests of the Nation). Exclusion is also expressed through the extension of the exceptions granted to military activities and which are mainly linked to the imperative nature of Defense activities. It should however be noted that a progressive “greening” of these activities is taking place, driven by the concept of sustainable development within the different public institutions. There has then to be better legal accountability for the transition towards “greener” military activities. This transition must be preceded by a process of adaptation of military activities to environmental issues, through the integration of the latter within military heritage management, both on infrastructural and state-owned military levels. Another consecration of this adaptation is the development of the environmental security of the national territory. Armies have not only adapted their activities to environmental issues, but they also made the protection of the environment as a new field, which is progressively expanding. The first example of this “Army recycling” is the military disaster assistance. The second one is the implementation of environmental military activities, linked to the mission of territory surveillance. Lastly, the outcome of this recycling should consist of a military action for the environment, of ecological intervention type, following the model of humanitarian intervention. These considerations represent an opportunity to review some classical Public Law notions – such as general interest, sovereignty and territorial integrity – with an attempt to bring a geographical dimension into the reflection
Labatut, Katia. "Financements communautaires et protection de l'environnement." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40030.
Full textGueguen, Elisabeth. "Les normes et la protection de l'environnement." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT4011.
Full textThis thesis have for subject the study of new instruments for the environment's protection : the environment's standards applied to industrial products, workd out by organization of standardization, acknoledge by authorties and with optional application. The first section is based on the standards stemed from european laws "nouvelle approche" adopted in 1985. These european laws are limited to set essential requirements amongst environnement figure and that tor for the article 100. A require a high degree of protection. The organization of standardization are developping standards wich professionnels need to market products conformed to the essential requirements. The problem studied is to know if thisz standards could ensure an high degree of protection for the environment in consideration of their quality and their optional application. The second aprt analyse the requisite environment's standards for the commercialization of green products : the brand "nf-environnement" and the community "ecolabel". The multicriterion approch and the princip of "from cradle to grave" wich the standards are based on, tend to demonstrate that a streghtened degree of protection is ensured. This thesis tend to demonstrate that the environment protection by standards is more efficient with standards applied to green products, that with standards required for the respect of the statutory essential demands
Chikhaoui-Mahdoui, Leïla. "Le financement de la protection de l'environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010281.
Full textBy analysing the financing of environmental protection, we intend to demonstrate the signifiance of the multiple actors and various procedures implemented to draw off the resources required for safeguarding of the media and the species, for ecological management of natural resources, and for fighting against all kinds of contaminations and nuisances. This analysis namely insists on the similarity of the answers brought by positive law, in every country, from the institutional and procedural viewpoints, to the problem resulting from perpetual search for financial resources to be put at the service of a policy, because of its public interest features is the subject of universal consent since the rio summit in 1992. This global search for funding resources is finally examined from the viewpoint of two simultaneous environment financing policies concretely implemented in two countries with significantly different development levels, france and tunisia, the first country runs this policy within the framework of industrialized country strive for environmental control and a tight european perspective, whereas the second country is at the spur of environmental protection in the mediterranean, african and arabic regions
Baucomont, Michel. "L'industrie et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020083.
Full textPannatier, Serge. "L' Antarctique et la protection internationale de l'environnement /." Zürich : Schulthess, 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/272212504.pdf.
Full textSoh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Mougeot, Jacques. "La protection juridique de l'environnement marin des Caraïbes." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D026.
Full textThe levels of urbanization and industrialization in the wider caribbean region are still relatively modest. Nevertheless, economic development has placed heavy demands on some areas along the coastlines of the region and there are many severely polluted locations. The increasing contamination of the marine environment in the caribbean seau has become more and more apparent. National authorities, research institutions, international organizations as well as many citizen groups has expressed their concern and foresteres the development of projects, strategies and legal instruments to safeguard de region's coastal and marine resources. The solution to the problems should be sought through action at the global level, as well as through national and regional pollution control measures. Hydrocarbon pollution coused by oil spills, tank ballast washings, dock operations and explorations sea still poses one of the major threats to the region. Large banana and coffee plantations are an important cause of pesticides contamination. Sewage in commonly being discharged without any treatment or after inappropriate treatment. Other growing concerns are the disposal of solid wastes and the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. The economy, the health of population and the ecosystems are in danger
Sudre, Bertrand. "Bioaérosols de l'environnement agricole et protection contre l'allergie." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0017.
Full textThe increase in allergic diseases is a public health problem. The studies on farmer's children have shown that children early exposed to farm environment are protected against allergy and asthma and few environmental factors have being yet identified. We present the microbiological and palynologic results of the bio-aerosol contamination in farming setting, its variability and its kinetic, and the results of the PASTUREmicrobio study focusing on a sub-set of farms and dwellings (farmer and rural) within the european PASTURE cohort. The level of airborne contamination of the cattle sheds in winter is 10 exposant 4 UFC/m3 for the cultivable bacteria, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] grains/m3 for graminaceous pollens, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] UFC/m3 for the actinomycetes and [10 exposant 5 - 10 exposant 6] UFC-spores/m3 for the fungal micro-organisms and spores. Factors significantly associated with the airborne contamination are the seasonal variation and the feeding distribution to livestock. The pollen concentration measured in winter in cattle shed exceeds the outdoor ones during the summer season. The contamination of farm child rooms is linked to the cattle shed's one which is diversified and significantly higher in winter compared to rural children contamination. A differential exposition of rural and farmer children to the bio-aerosols in the stables and dwellings also exist. This work highlights a high and per annual pollen exposure within cattle sheds in parallel with a high bacterial and fungal co-exposure. Those characteristics are potential factors that might explain the protective effect of farming environment against allergic diseases
Puel, Christophe. "Vie d'un site industriel et protection de l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10034.
Full textThe life of an industrial site is subject to basic environmental legislation (the Act of 19th july 1976). This law governs classified facilities but is not intented to cover all legal aspects. It is hardly surprising, therefore, to find that a certain nomber of legal and regulatory provisions comply to varying degrees with regulations applying to classified facilities (pollution, damage, refurbishment. . . )
Vila, Anne. "Le déchet entre marché et protection de l'environnement." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090012.
Full textVial, Claire. "Protection de l'environnement et libre circulation des marchandises." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10032.
Full textAlves, Carlos-Manuel. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit communautaire." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40006.
Full textIn the face of increasingly significant ecological imbalances, the question of the relationship between the environment and economic development has become international. The integration or the integrated protection of the environment seeks to es ablish equilibrium between these two essential needs. Its consist of placing environmental considerations in development policies. Taking account of its call, the European Community, regional organisation for. . . Economic integration, could not stay in the background of such a movement. Integration has taken the form of a legal duty in the treatry. .
Cruchaudet, Frédéric. "Les réseaux et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33001.
Full textKoné, Moussa. "La vente d'immeuble et la protection de l'environnement." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0208.
Full textAccording to the article 2 of the Charter of the environment : “Every person has duty to take part in preservation and in improvment of the environment”. The article L. 200-2 of Code Rural specifies : “laws and regulations organize the right to each to a healthy environment and contribute to assure a harmonious equilibrium between the urban zones and country zones. It is the duty of each to look after maintenance and to contribute of the protection of environment. The private and public persons must do in all activities, to conform to the same requirements”. As a result, the public persons and private persons have to participate to safeguard nature. In addition, the persons implicated in the act of cession of real estates would not know how to infringe. So how this defence of the environment is done? In the first approach, real estates are sold to the purchasers having protection of environment as mission. Nevertheless, these protectors of environment are not the only possible purchasers for sale real estates. To allow acquiring such things, these last have to benefit privilege constraining the sellers to give to them up such property. This privilege is known under the name of right of pre-emption. Once acquired, these properties must be preserved to assure the maintenance of nature. In the second approach, the real states are bought by persons no eager to protect environment even if they are guest to do it by the law. How to assure the maintenance of nature? It results simply from the defense of the purchasers of real estates. In spite of the insufficiency of the protection environment during the sale of real estates, this operation remains an essential link in the defense of nature. Every year, thousands of properties are sold. These thousands persons implicated in such settlements remains major actors in the protection of environment
Gadji, Yao Abraham. "Libéralisation du commerce international et protection de l'environnement." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/106185d5-6bd3-4f1b-bf8f-6ad91f477265/blobholder:0/2007LIMO1008.pdf.
Full textInternational trade and protection environmental currently feed hot debates within States, international institutions and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The complex links between both imperatives highlight the significant interest at stake. Serious ecological crises due to human activities have led to the adoption of environmental protection measures which stand as constraints on international trade whereas the World Trade Organization (WTO) advocates free movement of goods and commodities. Controversies are related to general and sector-based regulations as well as the modus operandi of the two sectors. Should environmental protection serve as a standard for the organization of free, competitive and non discriminatory international trade ? Or, should the rules of international trade fall in line with environmental protection objectives ?What changes in international trade regulations are to be considered to reconcile these with ecological requirements ? These issues which have grown in importance in recent years, especially as regards the movement of genetically modified organisms, patents for living creatures, access to genetic resources and the reduction of greenhouse gases, must be adequately addressed should sustainable developement be achieved
Bannelier, Christakis Karine. "La protection de l'environnement en temps de conflit armé." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010331.
Full textCaudal, Sylvie. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit public français." Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33016.
Full textBecause of the limits of the specific protections, it's a necessity to integrate the protection of environment to the main public politics of economical and social development, and planning. It's the reason why such an approach makes great strides, which has consequences in law. To study the concept of integrated protection of environment in French public law requires, after having proposed a definition, to make an inventory of the different fields concerned: it's easy to find it in public politics of planning and management of natural resources, but we can discover it also in town planning law, country law, energy law. . . The research consists then in finding some common characters for all these legal systems, so that it can be proved that there is an integrated protection of environment law. There are also some legal obstacles to the development of integration
CONAN, HELENE. "Le statut du fermage et la protection de l'environnement." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT4008.
Full textAgriculture generates many environmental nuisances : the pollution of water due to artificial fertilizers and pesticides manuring, the destruction of natural areas and the reduction of biodiversity. The statute of farm lease is often considered as a major factor in the development of those pollutions. It was set up in 1945 and it allowed tenants to adopt intensive farming pratices. Nowadays, this situation is no more adapted to the environmental context. The code rural already enjoins farm operators to respect many environmental restrictions. However, theses rules suffer from many shortcomings so that it has been impossible to implement an effective environmental conservation and to limit the drawbacks of the statute of farm lease. Therefore, in sight of the concept of sustainable development, an adaptation of the statute of farm lease is required and unavoidable. It is possible to reform the provisions of this legislation. It is also possible to arrange the legal context. This solution would indirectly regulate rights and obligations of tenants and lessors. The contracts and the laws could both introduce an environmental dimension in the statute of farm lease
Vidalens, Virginie. "Le droit des sociétés et la protection de l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10032.
Full textAlthough it’s perfectly obvious that a company’s interest is subordinate to the interest of the associates who gave birth to it, and given that corporation law includes other legitimate interests - among which environment, it would nevertheless be untrue to confine the trading company to its profit making vocation. It comes down to a very simple question: how far is corporation law in the process of integrating environmental issues ? On one hand, the demand for environmental transparency imposes new regulations on companies in terms of communication. As far as our societal project is concerned, it seems that the openness of this information can be improved. When setting up a company, environmental information becomes a strategic issue if the set up involves either buying a polluted site, a listed installation or even a polluting business. Within this framework, the company is rather badly protected by information provision. The entry of environmental information has also attracted a lot of attention in corporate governance. Despite the fact that it is still insufficient, the information integrated in annual reports might lead to a change in management methods. Social performance pleads for replacing trading activities in a larger picture. This is the reason why we stand up for the opening of the social interest to the general interest that is environmental protection. On the other hand, the integration of environmental issues still clashes with corporate law specificities. The shield of legal personality, or corporate insolvency, makes it harder to deal with environmental backwardness. It prompts us to look for other ways to tackling these issues and integrating effectively environmental questions in the field of corporate law
Courtaigne-Deslandes, Coralie. "L'adéquation du droit pénal à la protection de l'environnement." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020044.
Full textGirard, Julien. "L' engagement des entreprises et la protection de l'environnement." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010289.
Full textMavridakis, Théophanis. "La politique de protection de l'environnement en union soviétique." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080249.
Full textOur research principaly studies the efficiency of the environment policy in the soviet union. Therefor, we examine when and how the protection issues were first presented. The "legitimation" of these issues becomes crucial with the vote of fundamental laws for the protection of the natural elements, reglementations and the introduction of preventive tasks in the planification since 1974. The analysis of the adopted mesures and their realization during the 10 th and 11 th quinquennial plans is central to our research. This analysis revealed to us a serie of endogene caracteristics of the soviet system, as sectoral planification, priority problems between sectors, or the authority of ministries. These caracteristics participate in an important way to the protection process, as the role of the ministries in organizing protection of environment reveal. Essential long-term choices are also defined, as the introduction of "clean" technological processes, recycling of materials; short-term devices as the introduction and construction of anti-pollution equipments in the soviet industrial sector
Kaygusuz, Mehtap. "L'Organisation des Nations Unies et la protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3008.
Full textThe globalisation of environmental degradation has led in the late 1960s to the intervention of the United Nations in this area, despite the lack of any explicit reference to the environment in the United Nations Charter. This absence has not prevented the UN to become the main actor in the universalisation of the protection of the environment. This universalisation, marked by the universal character of the Organisation and environmental issues, is therefore at the heart of the relationship between UN and the protection of the environment. This study analyses on the one hand the framework of universalisation of the protection of the environment and, on the other, its legal scope which is shaped in a dynamic and complex relationship, influencing both the Organisation and the object of its protection
Mavridakis, Théophanis. "La Politique de protection de l'environnement en Union Soviétique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616107q.
Full textAssogba, Kossi Schamir. "La protection de l'environnement par le Conseil de l'Europe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0086.
Full textThe pan-European intergovernmental organisation, the Council of Europe, known for its identity triptych "democracy, human rights, rule of law", has been interested in environmental protection since the early 1960s. Since then, the Council of Europe's environmental action has focused on two areas. On the one hand, the institution has developed an abundant body of environmental law composed of conventional standards and soft law protecting mainly biological and landscape diversity. On the other hand, the European Court of Human Rights and the European Committee of Social Rights have gradually established environmental jurisprudence recognizing the human right to a healthy environment. However, even if the influence of this abundant legislative and jurisprudential activity on environmental law in Europe and in the world is not negligible, its effectiveness remains limited both by internal and external causes to the organization. In addition, the Council of Europe's environmental legal arsenal seems helpless in the face of the collective and global challenges facing Europe in order to protect both man and the overall balance of ecosystems. In response to this inadequacy, our study proposes a change in the paradigm of environmental judicialization that would lead to the recognition of a new right: the right to a healthy and ecologically viable environment, a right of humanity
Nef, Emmanuelle. "Expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique et protection de l'environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASH008.
Full textExpropriation in the public interest is a legal tool for the forced appropriation of property, usually real estate, by a public authority for its own benefit or for the benefit of a third party, in order to achieve a "public purpose". The concept of "public interest", which is by nature indefinite (particularly since the 1958 ordinance on expropriation), has been used to organise the State's territory by creating the infrastructure needed to transport goods and people, produce energy and, more generally, provide public services.Although this prerogative of public authority is one of those with a long history, changes in society have altered the dynamics at work. In addition to the classic opposition between the protection of private property and the satisfaction of a general interest objective, the recognition of the value of environmental protection has called into question the existing structure. In this respect, the "balance sheet" theory of case law, according to which the damage to private property, the financial cost and any social inconvenience must not be excessive in relation to the interest served by the expropriation (CE, 28 May 1971, Ville nouvelle Est), reinforced the integration of environmental protection into expropriation in the public interest. This integration was confirmed and strengthened by the Association Alsace Nature decision (CE, 17 March 2010), which included "the protection and enhancement of the environment" in the aforementioned theory of the balance sheet. In addition to this case law theory, the principles of prevention and precaution contribute to the effective integration of environmental protection into the expropriation procedure.Nevertheless, contrary to the imponderable formulation of this jurisprudential construction, the components of the theory of the balance sheet, just like those of sustainable development, do not enjoy the same value. We shall endeavour to show, not only by empirical observation of case law, but also by studying the legal tools introduced to pursue this integration, that the arithmetical presentation does not reveal that priority is given to satisfying a predetermined policy and that the latter benefits development taken in its economic sense; whereas the environment, although integrated, is given a subsidiary value. Consequently, far from reconciling divergent interests, expropriation in the public interest legitimises the hierarchy between them
Moulim, El Bachir. "L'énergie et la protection de l'environnement dans la Communauté européenne." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR1020.
Full textThe thesis tries to give an essential glimpse of the unfold efforts in the harmonized wrest le with the reaches from the energy to the environment. It applies to show the efforts of the european community to inform, to harmonize, to regulate as far as possible in fields as varied as the quality of air, products, the "clean car", the pollution of sea by the hydrocarbons, the radioactivity, the radioactive waste. . . The recall of different texts carried or simply proposed by the communal authorities, goes with development of the coal, the gas, the oil, the nuclear energy. These technical explanations are often indispensable to understand the stakes of the communal intervention
Reynaud, Emmanuelle. "Les déterminants du comportement de protection de l'environnement des entreprises." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32041.
Full textOur research consists in identifying all of the reasons for environmental protection behavior and in proposing a classification of these behaviors. To clear up the vague theorical corpus, we conducted an exploratory study. First, we presented all of the reasons for environmental protection behavior available in the litterature. We completed this state of the art with an empirical study. This empirical study has three steps : - the identification of empirical reasons of protection thanks to the presentation of scenarios to top managers of "green" firms. - we hierarchized the empirical reasons thanks to analytic hierarchy process of saati. - finally, a typology of behaviors was proposed. This typology allowed to compare the hierarchy of the reasons with the behaviors
Mothere, Lucrezia. "Le transport d'électricité et la protection de l'environnement. Aspects juridiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR0022.
Full textElectricity transport consists in high or very high voltage transmission, from production areass to distribution zones. It is done by air, underground or underwater power lines. Electricity transport is an necessary activity to make public electricity service work properly. It plays an important role in the country’s energy security and consequently can’t be interrupted. However, its immense network (with lines adding up to more than 100 000 kilometers), cannot avoid confrontation with others interests. From the beginning, it is admitted that electricity transport infringes on private property. From the start, its legal status has been determined in agreement with that interaction. Nevertheless, it is now admitted that electricity transport also damages the environment. However, this status had already been determined by taking into account its potential damage to private property. It is not at all adapted to the apprehension of the environmental problems. As a consequence, the damages caused to Mankind and Environnement by transporting electricity are difficult to repair (part I). Therefore, they must be avoided. Thanks to the environmental law, electricity transport tried, first constraint, then voluntarily, to modify its ways of operating and adapt them to environmental interests. Nevertheless, these measures are still far from being sufficient. Although Environment appears in all phases of the activity (from the design to the removal,including the way the structure works and the various modifications), the measures devoted to its protection remain superficial. Their effecticiency is relative. Their integration into the whole system is not effective (part II). However, in the context of the predicted development of the electricity transmission network, it is necessary to question the need to change the paradigm and, for a better conciliation place, Environment in the center of the activity
Mba, Nze Jean de dieu. "Les ports de plaisance : entre protection de l'environnement et rentabilité." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0006.
Full textThe profitability of the development and exploitation of marinas is seldom studied in Administrative Law. Yet, public authorities and private investors are looking for profits when developping marinas. Anyhow, the specificity of the littoral, a rare and coveted place, demands a high protection of this area, which is detrimental to a development mainly based on the profitability of touristic infrastructures. Besides, the constant will to maximaze the profit of public property is a common goal public authorities and private investors want to reach. That's why, Admistrative Law tends to be similar to private law under the influence of the rules of competition and European Community Law. This thesis shows that public authorities and private investors should respect the rules of the protection of the environment as well as the rules of competition when developing marinas
Ait-Aissi, Noura. "Transferts de déchets dangereux en Méditerranée et protection de l'environnement." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100209.
Full textAs environmental laws and regulations in the industrialised countries are stricter and as the cost of waste disposal soars, the transfers of hazardous wastes in the mediterranean area become increasingly important. Try to make those transfers compatible with the protection of the environment is difficult because of the political, economical and cultural disparities. The law of sea, through the provisions of the montego bay convention, provides duties regarding marine pollution, including pollution caused by wastes. The european union, with the objective of setting a mediterranean free trade area before the 21st century, defines financial programs, in particular, in the field of disposal technologies. A global program of actions created in 1976 by the united nations environmental program, the mediterranean action plan promotes a legal, economical and scientific cooperation between the 21 members states. A protocol signed in october 1996, within the framework of the pam, completes the basel convention and adds to other regional agreements signed by many mediterranean countries : the bamako convention of 1991 and the european regulation on 1993, modified in 1997
Konate, Aenza. "L'Organisation de l'Unité Africaine et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0461.
Full textOn June 16/1972 the united nations conference on environment adopted the Stockholm declaration on environment which sets forth as a first principle that: "man bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations". The principle of responsibility for the safeguard of the environment-an essential but technically awesome mission-was thus clearly recognized and did not escape the attention of international organizations. Wither of global or regional scope, these organizations confronted with the obvious limitations of states acting individually, have tried to set up a suitable institutional frame with a view to protecting the environment efficiently. Therefore, since the + African convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources; adopted by the organization of African unity at Algiers in 1968 is justifiably presented as a model in the field of the conservation of natural resources (see. Alexandre Charles kiss, droit international de environment, Paris, Pedone 1989, p. 31), it seemed important to try to reflect upon the role played by the OAU (established on May 25/1963 at Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)] with the goal of promoting the welfare of African populations through a satisfactory level of development and the juridical protection of the environment. This background led to the examination of the central issues which inform the present doctoral thesis. The author's thought brings to the fore, methodically and for the first time, the action of the OAU- a manifestation of African regionalism which generates great interest-either of a negative kind, denouncing its weaknesses, its uselessness even-or, less frequently, of a positive nature, celebrating its successes, undisputable in some fields-the OAU participates actively in the juridical protection of the environment on two fronts- juridically separated but ecologically related : at the African level and at the global level. Within the African framework, an analysis of OAU action underscores the essential role it played in establishing environmental law at the continental level (part. I). Besides, considering, and rightly so, that the fate of Africa cannot be dissociated from that of the rest of the world, it extended its action to reach global scope
Sani, Abdoulkarim. "Les enjeux contemporains de la protection de l'environnement au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0449/document.
Full textThe environmental degradation in Niger, takes a scale of increasing concern. Thechallenge for public policy is to change the relationship between man and his environment inorder to reverse the trend. To this end, in an internal context characterized by theestablishment of democracy and the rule of law and an international context characterized bythe globalization of environmental law following the Rio Conference (1992) in particular, therule of law has naturally emerged as the key tool for these transformations. The objective ofthis thesis is to identify and analyze the actions of transformation in the relationship betweenman and his environment with the goal of sustainability of natural resources and sustainableliving environment as issues the environmental situation in a state fragility. Niger hasembarked on a normative production process, with the aim of producing a law combininginternational standards and local norms and practices that it is in the processes of decisionmaking and environmental protection methods. With an interdisciplinary approach, analysisof contemporary issues of environmental protection in Niger, allow us to reveal the nature ofman's relationship with his environment as established by law in a democratic context andglobalization of environmental law, but also reveal how the situation in general fragility of thestate and society control the implementation of this rule of law
Saidane, Aness. "L'évolution du cadre juridique de protection de l'environnement en algérie." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0105.
Full textThe environmental law aims to study and to develop legal rules to protect, use, manage, understand or restore the environment. Algeria begins to be interested in degradation of environment since the 80's years. The law No. 83-03 of 5 February 1983 on the protection of the environment based on key principles of protection of environment including protection against various damages and pollution and on integration of environment protection into national planning. After two decades from the enactment of the law of 1983, the result is negative and no significant improvement was recorded in the field of environmental protection. The preparation work for the Law on environment protection enacted in 2003, revealed that Algeria does not have a strategy at both national and global conceming environment protection, such as ensure effective management of natural resources and their protection against all forms of pollution due to economic, natural and human factors. The Law of 2003 was an important legislative development in the field of protection of environment. In this context, was adopted the Law No. 03-10 of 19 July 2003 on protection of environment as part of sustainable development, in an international context characterized by the importance given to global problems of environment. Among the purposes of the law, there is also definition of the role of different stakeholders in the field of environment protection, including public administration and economic operators. The purpose is to define an environmental policy and propose elements and legal and institutional measures to strengthen the capacity of their taking care, then develop a framework of environmental basis, or a notion of shared responsibility, and participation of all economic actors to its application
Saidane, Aness. "L'évolution du cadre juridique de protection de l'environnement en algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0105.
Full textThe environmental law aims to study and to develop legal rules to protect, use, manage, understand or restore the environment. Algeria begins to be interested in degradation of environment since the 80's years. The law No. 83-03 of 5 February 1983 on the protection of the environment based on key principles of protection of environment including protection against various damages and pollution and on integration of environment protection into national planning. After two decades from the enactment of the law of 1983, the result is negative and no significant improvement was recorded in the field of environmental protection. The preparation work for the Law on environment protection enacted in 2003, revealed that Algeria does not have a strategy at both national and global conceming environment protection, such as ensure effective management of natural resources and their protection against all forms of pollution due to economic, natural and human factors. The Law of 2003 was an important legislative development in the field of protection of environment. In this context, was adopted the Law No. 03-10 of 19 July 2003 on protection of environment as part of sustainable development, in an international context characterized by the importance given to global problems of environment. Among the purposes of the law, there is also definition of the role of different stakeholders in the field of environment protection, including public administration and economic operators. The purpose is to define an environmental policy and propose elements and legal and institutional measures to strengthen the capacity of their taking care, then develop a framework of environmental basis, or a notion of shared responsibility, and participation of all economic actors to its application
Charron, Alice. "L'émergence du contentieux de l'environnement." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10018.
Full textUnderstanding the litigation aspect of a legal discipline implies to determine beforehand its material and spatial field. Environmental litigation is transversal, cross-border and therefore implies to go beyond both the national and the environmental frame. This litigation will influence the international, national and European level. The judge's office is central and its legal precedents are “oriented” in order to meet the objective of environment protection. Environmental litigation results from the integration of the environment laws in other legal branches. It involves, on the one hand, to apply some mechanisms borrowed from existing procedures and on the other hand, to adapt some legal tools in order to respond optimally to its purpose. The peculiarity of environmental litigation resides in the originality of its legal frame. It encourages and pushes the judge to control some environmental specific “creations” turning his case into a true source of law. The environmental litigation slowly frees itself from classical procedures to highlight environment focused concerns. This emergence tends to unify the environmental law and its contentious action leading to a real legal specificity
Bazin, Damien. "La responsabilité à l'égard de la nature : en quoi la prise en considération de la responsabilité peut-elle influencer la protection de la nature selon la théorie économique ?" Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS012S.
Full textThis thesis analyses whether the concept of responsibility, as perceived by the philosopher H. Jonas (1903-1993), can be used as a base of reflection in the recent works of economists. In this view, we shall adopt an ethical questionning through the principle of responsibility, which in turn would enable us to determine whether economics could prefer a more responsible step in the very long-term and whose finality is to take the protection of nature into consideration. We shall then confront this principle to economic analyses and affirm that this principle could adapt itself under certain hypotheses to economic conduct aimed at a durable preservation of nature. We shall argue that the adoption of such a moral obliges economics to entirely redefine the principle of compensation. This implies reconceptualising of the relation to externalities, ecological fiscality and optimality which is implied by the efficient setting up of compensation. We shall highligt that the principle of responsibility contradicts the principle of compensation. We shall conclude on an entrepreneurial vision of responsibility by highlighting that it is no longer limited to the initial domain as a metaphysical response deveopped by philosophy but rather, we shall stress on the applicable and concrete aspect of responsibility by proposing an opening to the entrepreneurial world and its stakeholders
Bouin, Frédéric. "Tourisme et droit de l'environnement." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0471.
Full textBraud, Xavier. "De l'influence des associations de protection de l'environnement sur l'évolution du droit administratif de l'environnement : potentialités et réalités." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANTA002.
Full textTerrazzoni, Jean-Laurent. "Union européenne et protection de l'environnement : analyse d'un système de coopération." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0031.
Full textToday the result and balance sheet of two centuries of industrialisation in Europe is very bitter. Whilst the mode of economic growth has shown to insufficient in halting the increase in unemployment, the damage inflicted on the environment has been severe, be it on the quality of the water, the air or the soil. However natural elements, that are polluted today, not only constitute the raw material for our industrial development, but are also the foundation elements for the survival of our species. Controlling the effects of economic activity on the environment and on the health of man is nonetheless fiercely complex. Today, the crucial question is how to elaborate a preventive strategy to manage risk factors, not only to protect and preserve the environment and the health of man today, but also for future generations. Faced with the complexity of the questions posed, what role can and must the European Union play ?
Ogandaga, Ndiaye Gilles. "La Banque mondiale et la protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0025.
Full textCentral Africa is an area confronted with an interference of most alarming evils as regards development. Lower economic activity, crisis of the structures of development, poverty of the population, to which are added an overexploitation of the natural resources. This crisis to reorientate the action of many organisations of development towards a taking into account of environmental problems in their strategies of development. Thus it of the World bank is. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the interventions of the World bank in the field of environmental protection in Central Africa. It comes out from this study that, although the prime objective of this institution is not environmental protection, environmental problems are now located at the heart of the strategy of development of the World bank. That results in the increase in the wallet of projects allocated with the environmental protection, then by the development of tools intended for the management of the environment and the promotion of sustainable development
Lavray, Hélène. "La contribution des accords commerciaux régionaux à la protection de l'environnement." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20022.
Full textIn teh early 1990s, two phenomenons emerged on the international scene. On the one hand, the renewal of economic regionalism, revived both by the difficulties of the Uruguay Round and the conclusion of the NAFTA and the Treaty on European Union, which signalled Tuna/Dolphin case, brought attention to the topic of the relationship between trade and the environnement. This study looks into the importance given to the protection of the environment within the numerous regional trade agreements. If developments have been mainly taking place within the European Union and the NAFTA, some elements may have been transmitted to other regional trade agreements. Moreover, we will examine the importance of the protection of the environnement within the WTO and the impact of developments within regional trade agreementsche sou
Thomas, Isabelle. "Droits fonciers et protection de l'environnement : perspectives de résolution du conflit." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOD007.
Full textFrench landed property, instrument of appropriation and control of nature, legitimates the attacks carried to the environment. Consequently, the advent of environmental concerns seems to give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest and value not easily surmountable. An analytical the of the theory of the abuse of rights, measurements of public law and the environmental contractualisation have underlined the limits of the legal devices of private and public law. The study of the conventional constraints, usufruct and rural leases reveals that environmental use is limited by inadequate legal regulation. Ultimately, the global protection of the environment cannot be reasonably considered without land ownership. The thesis thus proposes to redefine or reconsider the property rights starting from the concepts of durable development, common inheritance of the humanity or the idea of patrimonial management of the environment
Provost, Anne. "La protection internationale de l'environnement : ordre juridique et ordre écologique international." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR1002.
Full textNaturalism is influencing the protection of the nature. The modalities and the effects of its meeting with the law have to be research, only the law guaranteeing its efficacy and its effectivity. Their meeting is little probable, the proceedings of international law being used in order to formulate the source of the law, the norms and for their efficacy. So, what law allows is not always what morale reprobates. The institutional and jurisdictional architecture have to be modified. A new subject of law, the Nature, a moral person, is consecrated, but not the human beings, real actors of the protection of the nature; State is reconsidered for he has to act as trustee of the Nature. The protection of the nature does not create neither a material extension of international law, nor an autonomous law consecrating a new juridical order. It distinguishes the state-matters and those implicating the human beings, justifying their presence out of the national frame
Revelli, Anne-Laure. "Etude thermodynamique des liquides ioniques : applications à la protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL039N/document.
Full textNowadays, replacement of conventional organic solvents by a new generation of solvents less toxic, less flammable and less polluting is a major challenge for the chemical industry. Ionic liquids have been widely promoted as interesting substitutes for traditional solvents. The aim of this work is to study the behavior of ionic liquids with organic compounds or gases in order to determine their range of applications in process engineering.First, interactions between organic compounds and ionic liquids are studied using inverse gas chromatography. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution are used to calculate capacity and selectivity of different ionic liquids for different separation problems. A solvation model <> is proposed in order to estimate the gas-to-ionic liquid partition coefficients in alkyl or functionalized ionic liquids. Then, liquid-liquid equilibria measurements of ternary systems were carried out in order to evaluate the efficiency of three ionic liquids for three separation problems frequently encountered in chemical industry (extraction of aromatic compounds, thiophene or linear alcohols). The high values of distribution coefficients and selectivities indicate that the investigated ionic liquids could replace the traditional solvents. Finally, the performance of ionic liquids for greenhouse gases capture was examinated through solubility measurements of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in ionic liquids at high pressure. The experimental data is used in order to extend the model PPR78 (Predictive 1978, Peng-Robinson equation of state) to systems containing {CO2+ ionic liquid}