Journal articles: 'Protection. eng'

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Kang, Joon-Gu, Jong-Tae Kim, and Kyoung-Young Choi. "Experimental Study on Stability of Levee Protection Method." Engineering 08, no. 12 (2016): 852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2016.812077.

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Chen, Xiaoxu, and Yang Zhao. "Research on Corrosion Protection of Buried Steel Pipeline." Engineering 09, no. 05 (2017): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2017.95030.

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Alvarenga, Mardênnia T. S., Priscila L. Vianna, and Kleber M. Silva. "High-Impedance Bus Differential Protection Modeling in ATP/MODELS." Engineering 05, no. 09 (2013): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.59b007.

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Pohlak, M., J. Majak, and M. Eerme. "Engineering optimization of a car frontal protection system component." Estonian Journal of Engineering 15, no. 1 (2009): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/eng.2009.1.06.

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Alzwghaibi, Alaa, Ekbal Saeed, and Duha Klif. "Cathodic Protection of Oil Pipelines by Aluminum Alloys." مجلة جامعة الملك عبدالعزيز-العلوم الهندسية 22, no. 2 (2011): 17–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.22-2.2.

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Wang, Wen-Ching, Ming-Che Hsieh, and Chun-Hsiang Huang. "Applying Prim’s Algorithm to Identify Isolated Areas for Natural Disaster Prevention and Protection." Engineering 10, no. 07 (2018): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2018.107029.

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Kaptsov, V. A., and A. V. Chirkin. "Requirements to respiratory protection for workers (World practices reviewed)." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.21.eng.

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A great number of workplaces in Russia do not conform to sanitary-hygienic requirements and it results in wide use of personal respiratory protective equipment (PRPE). Choice on such equipment and its application are not regulated by the existing legislation in the RF in great detail as it is the case in developed countries. As a result, employers apply PRPE that is not efficient enough, or such equipment is not used properly, and it leads to diseases occurrence. Our research goal was to reveal requirements to PRPE application which, when met, would reduce risks for workers’ life and health as greatly as it is only possible. Our research object was personal respiratory protective equipment (PRPE). We compared requirements to selecting and applying PRPE in the USA, Australia, Great Britain, Canada, and West Germany and also took into account requirement and experts’ recommendations existing in several other countries. When comparing, we tried to focus on key elements that determined whether PRPE applied in due time was able to prevent exposure to air contamination. Such key elements included choice on PRPE suitable for work under extremely hazardous conditions; permissible application of PRPE with different structure (expected protective efficiency); individual selection and testing whether a mask is fit for a face; timely replacement of respirator filters; requirements to skills of workers and their supervisors. Our research revealed that results of PRPE application and requirements fixed for employers were most comprehensively estimated and well-grounded in the USA. The most favorable situation with quality and availability of materials on how to select and apply PRPE for workers, specialists, and supervisors is also in the USA. Results obtained via the performed comparison allow recommending US Standard 29 CFR 1910.134 as a basis for developing similar requirements in Russia.

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Kaptsov, V. A., and A. V. Chirkin. "Requirements to respiratory protection for workers (World practices reviewed)." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.21.eng.

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A great number of workplaces in Russia do not conform to sanitary-hygienic requirements and it results in wide use of personal respiratory protective equipment (PRPE). Choice on such equipment and its application are not regulated by the existing legislation in the RF in great detail as it is the case in developed countries. As a result, employers apply PRPE that is not efficient enough, or such equipment is not used properly, and it leads to diseases occurrence. Our research goal was to reveal requirements to PRPE application which, when met, would reduce risks for workers’ life and health as greatly as it is only possible. Our research object was personal respiratory protective equipment (PRPE). We compared requirements to selecting and applying PRPE in the USA, Australia, Great Britain, Canada, and West Germany and also took into account requirement and experts’ recommendations existing in several other countries. When comparing, we tried to focus on key elements that determined whether PRPE applied in due time was able to prevent exposure to air contamination. Such key elements included choice on PRPE suitable for work under extremely hazardous conditions; permissible application of PRPE with different structure (expected protective efficiency); individual selection and testing whether a mask is fit for a face; timely replacement of respirator filters; requirements to skills of workers and their supervisors. Our research revealed that results of PRPE application and requirements fixed for employers were most comprehensively estimated and well-grounded in the USA. The most favorable situation with quality and availability of materials on how to select and apply PRPE for workers, specialists, and supervisors is also in the USA. Results obtained via the performed comparison allow recommending US Standard 29 CFR 1910.134 as a basis for developing similar requirements in Russia.

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Kang, Joongu, Sanghwa Jung, DOongsub Rhee, and Hongkoo Yeo. "Experimental Study for the Determination of the Material Diameter of the Riprap Bed Protection." Engineering 03, no. 10 (2011): 992–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2011.310123.

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Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Ali. "Up-Gradation of Power System Protection Scheme through TCP/IP Using GUI in MATLAB/Simulink." journal of King Abdulaziz University Engineering Sciences 23, no. 1 (February 3, 2012): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.23-2.2.

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The paper is concerned with the Power System Protection schemes and the resulting design requirement that enhances stability as well as control with the implementation of TCP/IP. It discusses the architecture that upgrades the existing scheme by controlling all the control signals traffic between generating units, transmission system, connected loads and protection devices that are sensitive to control signals using TCP/IP and results are compared using Graphics User Interface (GUI) in MATLAB/Simulink. Protection system describes latest breakers circuit using indirect tripping command from generating units that protects load side through load breakers that receives action signal from local controllers that have a direct communication linkage with main server having strong data base, directly monitors everything through TCP/IP platform using GUI.

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Skeiker, Kamal. "The Security and Physical Protection Systems for Nuclear Facilities and Materials." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences 22, no. 1 (2011): 169–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.22-1.10.

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Xu, Yongjun. "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Effect of Surround Protection Technique on the Strain Measurement for Offshore Jacket Platform." Engineering 03, no. 05 (2011): 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2011.35056.

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Mekkanen, Mike, and Kimmo Kauhaniemi. "Wireless Light-Weight IEC 61850 Based Loss of Mains Protection for Smart Grid." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (July 14, 2018): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0022.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel Loss of Mains (LoM) protection method based on IEC 61850 Manufacturing Messages Specification (MMS) protocol over wireless Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based access point name (APN) mechanism. LoM or anti islanding protection is a key requirement in modern power distribution grids where there is significant amount of distributed energy resources (DER). The future Smart Grids are based on extensive communication capabilities and thus the communication based LoM approaches will also become dominant. The IEC 61850 standard based systems are gaining ground in the substation communication, and therefore, it is natural to expand this technology deeper into the distribution network. Using this standard for LoM protection, also enables some advanced approaches utilizing large variety of information available in the Smart Grid. There is a specific part of the standard, IEC 61850-7-420, which defines logical nodes (LNs) suitable for this purpose; but, there are no available devices applying this part of the standard yet. In this research, a light-weight implementation of IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices) is developed using a low-cost open microcontroller platform, Beagle Bone, and an open source software. Using this platform, a wireless LoM solution based on IEC 61850 MMS protocol has been developed and demonstrated. This paper introduces object modelling according to IEC 61850-7-420 defined LNs and an implementation applying direct client server MMS based communication between lightweight IEDs. The performance of the wireless application using the developed platform is demonstrated by measuring the message latencies. In this paper, a novel LoM protection concept is proposed based on the standardized communication solution brought by IEC 61850 and specific LNs for DERs defined in IEC 61850-7-420. A light-weight implementation of an IEC 61850 based IED is developed in order to reduce large overhead information and complexity of the standard. In addition to LoM function, the developed solution has the ability to monitor DERs status. The available monitoring information can be shared among various distribution management systems (DMS), enabling distributed decision approach for various purposes.

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Osaulenko, L. N. "Provision of food safety and consumer rights protection in the Eurasian Economic Union law." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.4.03.eng.

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Umnyagina, I. A., T. V. Blinova, L. A. Strakhova, V. V. Troshin, S. A. Kolesov, and О. V. Sherstobitova. "Oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in people of various age under contact with adverse occupational factors." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2019): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2019.3.12.eng.

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Shashina, E. A., T. S. Isiutina-Fedotkova, V. V. Makarova, O. A. Gruzdeva, and O. V. Mitrokhin. "Approaches to analyzing efficiency of respiratory protective equipment as a way to reduce health risks during COVID-19 pandemic." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2021): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.1.16.eng.

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Use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) has become the most significant way to prevent the coronavirus infection from its rapid spread. Our research goal was to analyze efficiency of various RPE used by people during COVID-19 pandemic. We made a review focusing on RPE manufactured and tested as per standards existing in different counties; we also analyzed the State Medical Equipment Register of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Public Healthcare as well as a market where respiratory protective equipment available to people was distributed. RPE is quite variable as per such parameters as bacterial filtration efficiency, number of layers and quality of a material it is made of, being fit to a person’s face (masks for children/adults), conditions for use (a time of use, whether a mask can be disinfected and used again, etc.). Data provided for customers when respiratory protective equipment is sold are rather scarce and controversial (people do not understand what a mask name means and how efficiently it protects their respiratory organs). Respiratory protective equipment which is registered within the State Medical Equipment Register of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Public Healthcare accounts for only 24% of the overall equipment sold to consumers. Taking into account variable and multiple properties of different masks, we developed a RPE classification basing on their efficiency when it comes down to protection from respiratory infections. FFP3/KN100/N99/N100 respirators are the most efficient ones. FFP2/KN95/N95/DS/DL2/KF94 respirators have average efficiency. FFP1 respirators and nonwoven medicals masks, II R, II, I type, and woven gauze masks have efficiency that is lower than average (RPE is mentioned in a descending order as per its efficiency). Low and extremely low efficiency was established accordingly for various non-medical masks (nonwoven, woven cotton, and synthetic ones) and face shields. When RPE is manufactured and sold, there are no precise criteria for assessing its protective efficiency. There is either no unified approach to such concepts as «medical» and «non-medical» masks. Most respiratory protective equipment sold on the consumer market in Russia is not registered within the Russian State Medical Equipment Register of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Public Healthcare. Our classification allows working out a unified approach to providing data on respiratory protective equipment for consumers.

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Stanclik, Michał. "Numerical analysis of temperature distribution in a brush seal with thermo-regulating bimetal elements." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (July 20, 2019): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0033.

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AbstractThe paper presents the continuation of work devoted to the analysis of a brush seal with thermo-regulating bimetal elements aimed at thermal protection of a brush seal. This paper presents a method of determining the operating temperature of such a seal using the finite element method. It has been shown that building the seal according to the idea allows a significant reduction of its working temperature.

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Titova, E. Ya, and S. A. Golub'. "Contemporary problems of health protection for workers employed at a large industrial enterprise and working under occupational hazards." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (April 2017): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2017.4.09.eng.

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Zaitseva, N. V., I. V. May, and D. A. Kiryanov. "Scientific-methodological approaches to designing risk-oriented model of control and surveillance activities in the sphere of consumer rights protection." Health Risk Analysis, no. 2 (February 2017): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2017.2.01.eng.

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Loginova, V. A., Yu N. Kas'kov, E. A. Zhidkova, K. G. Gurevich, Yu L. Smertina, and O. A. Pletnikova. "Regulation of work-related and occupational impacts on workers employed at railroads: experience gained in Russia and other countries." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2021): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.1.18.eng.

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The present research is vital as it will allow increasing safety of working conditions for workers employed at railway transport due to reducing impacts exerted by occupational risk factors. Our research goal was to perform comparative analysis of requirements to labor protection provided for railway workers. Our research was performed via non-systemic analysis of literature that involved searching through Elibrary, Pubmed and Cochrane databases as per certain key words. As a result, we showed that railway traffic involved exposure to numerous occupational risk factors; due to it, a significant number of workplaces, including those of enginemen and other railway workers, belonged to the 3rd (adverse) hazard category. Basic occupational risk factors included noise and vibration; psychoemotional loads borne by engine team workers and traffic controllers; exposure to industrial aerosols; electromagnetic irradiation; fluctuations in microclimatic parameters in engines’ cabs. All these occupational factors influence not only workers who are directly employed at railways but also people who live in close proximity to them. Therefore, in most countries there is legislative basis on health protection for people who may be exposed to occupational factors related to railway traffic. Our analysis revealed that in general the existing legislation in Russia corresponded to foreign one. Bases for harmonization of the domestic legislation with foreign one are fixed by the Federal Law issued on December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ «On technical regulation». Harmonization of domestic and foreign legislation on reducing total exposure to occupational risk factors allows preserving long-term working ability and preventing work-related diseases.

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Setko, N. P., S. V. Movergoz, and E. V. Bulycheva. "Analysis of individual occupational health risks for workers with basic occupations typical for oil processing enterprises." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.16.eng.

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At present a systemic approach based on occupational risk assessment methodology is a key to adequate detection of cause-and-effect relations between a disease and working conditions. Our research goal was to calculate and assess individual occupational health risks for operators and drivers employed at an oil processing enterprise. Our research object were parameters revealed via special assessment of working conditions and data obtained via periodical medical examinations performed on 198 operators and 160 drivers employed at an oil processing enterprise. A procedure for calculating individual occupational health risks took into account working conditions, individual health, working experience, and workers’ age. Influence exerted by working experience duration on health of workers from the examined occupational groups was estimated in three groups: working experience shorter or equal to 5 years; working experience equal to 6–10 years; working experience being longer than 10 years. Integral assessment of working conditions was obtained taking into account impacts exerted by occupational factors with different hazard categories, assessed risks of injuries and assessment of workers’ protection with individual protection means. We calculated integral parameters of working conditions assessment, hazard parameters at workplaces, and one-number integral values of individual occupational risks. We determined that 91 % drivers and 34.9 % operators ran high and extremely high occupational risks of diseases; those risks changed individually depending on hazard occupational factors at workplaces, age, working experience, and a worker’s health. It was shown that high individual occupational risks were much more frequent among drivers and operators with long working experience (6–10 years and longer) who had III–IV health groups and worked under hazardous conditions.

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Emad F. Khalaf, Emad F. Khalaf. "A Survey of Access Control and Data Encryption for Database Security." journal of King Abdulaziz University Engineering Sciences 28, no. 1 (January 4, 2017): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.28-1.2.

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With the vast amount of data generated nowadays, organizing and managing of these data are very important to allow the users to access, retrieve, and update their data by using database systems (DBS). Most of the current organizations use DBS to increase the efficiency and the productivity of their organizations, but the security threats are becoming more dangerous to the DB. So, protection of data by keeping it integrated and secured from any undesirable intrusion became the highest priority for these organizations. DB security provides various techniques to protect data from any threats. This paper discusses two techniques used in the DB field to achieve integrity and confidentiality of the data, by using access control policies and data encryption.

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Popova, A. Yu, N. V. Zaitseva, I. V. May, and D. A. Kiryanov. "On the development of the system of risk-based supervision in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population and consumer protection." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (April 2015): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2015.4.01.eng.

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Kapalova, N., and A. Haumen. "The model of encryption algorithm based on non-positional polynomial notations and constructed on an SP-network." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0013.

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Abstract This paper addresses to structures and properties of the cryptographic information protection algorithm model based on NPNs and constructed on an SP-network. The main task of the research is to increase the cryptostrength of the algorithm. In the paper, the transformation resulting in the improvement of the cryptographic strength of the algorithm is described in detail. The proposed model is based on an SP-network. The reasons for using the SP-network in this model are the conversion properties used in these networks. In the encryption process, transformations based on S-boxes and P-boxes are used. It is known that these transformations can withstand cryptanalysis. In addition, in the proposed model, transformations that satisfy the requirements of the “avalanche effect” are used. As a result of this work, a computer program that implements an encryption algorithm model based on the SP-network has been developed.

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Zaitseva, N. V., I. V. May, P. Z. Shur, and D. A. Kiryanov. "Methodological approaches for assessement performance and economical efficiency of the risk-oriented control and supervision of the Federal service on customers' rights protection and human well-being surveillance (Rospotrebnadzor)." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (January 2014): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2014.1.01.eng.

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Karpiesiuk, Jacek, and Tadeusz Chyzy. "The effects of various parameters on the strengths of adhesives layer in a lightweight floor system." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0057.

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AbstractThe article presents the results of shear and tensile strength of deformable cement adhesives, reinforced by fiberglass mesh with a different weight in a lightweight floor system without screeds. The substrate under adhesive was EPS and XPS thermal insulation. Tests were carried out in dry, wet conditions as well as during freezing and thawing. On their basis, it can be concluded that the larger contact surface of the EPS thermal insulation with the deformable adhesive C2S1 increases the adhesive’s tensile strength. This surface is not important using C2S2 adhesives or when the substrate is made from rough insulation XPS. It was generally found that the higher weight of the fibreglass mesh in deformable cement adhesives has a more favorable effect on their shear strength. Water absorption does not significantly affect the adhesion of terracotta, and in some configurations of components in this system increases it. The adhesive with the symbol C2S2 compared to C2S1 has a higher tensile and shear strength using the same materials. Frost conditions do not allow for long-term use of this type of floor construction in snow and ice protection systems. This experimental research shows that an economical solution with optimal strength consists of XPS insulation, 205 g/m2 mesh, C2S1 adhesive.

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Finkler, Alcedir Luis, Luana Obregon, Mauricio de Campos, Paulo Sérgio Sausen, João Manoel Lenz, and Airam Teresa Zago Romcy Sausen. "A SIMULINK implementation of a vector shift relay with distributed synchronous generator for engineering classes." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 677–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0066.

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Abstract In recent years, the concerns regarding global warming have encouraged an increase in research on renewable energy and distributed generation. Different renewable resources are currently being used, and bioenergy is one among them. Biogas can be produced via digesters, and its energy is converted into electricity and injected into the electrical power system for supplying to meet the local or distant demands. Nevertheless, the generation of electricity via biogas on the consumer side brings new problems and challenges to the power system controller. Protection devices, such as a vector shift relay, are one of the most important components needed to connect a bioenergy system using synchronous generators into the mains. Although distributed synchronous generators are widely used and simulated in software tools, especially in MATLAB/SIMULINK, there is still a gap in technical literature detailing how to design or model a Vector Shift Relay. In view of this subject’s importance, this article aims to assist students, researchers, and engineers by proposing a step-by-step method on how to model and implement a vector shift relay in MATLAB/SIMULINK, although the methodology may easily be used in other simulation tools. A review of the topic is presented along with a detailed description of all needed blocks and expected results.

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Wojnar, Andrzej, and Katarzyna Sieńkowska. "Comparison of strength and stiffness parameters of purlins with different cross-sections of profiles." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0061.

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AbstractThe article presents comparative analyzes aimed at determining the optimal cross-section used in cold-formed steel purlins. The geometrical characteristics, bending resistance and self-weight of channel, zeta and hat cross-sections were compared. The calculations were made using Dlubal SHAPE-THIN software for the bending by the main axis y-y and z-z. The characteristics for the gross and effective cross-section were determined. Based on the first stage analyzes, a significant decrease in cross-sectional bending resistant was observed as a result of a local buckling. The solution to this problem may be the use of intermediate stiffeners. In the second stage, analysis of the impact of the intermediate stiffeners’ locations on the characteristics of hat sections were conducted. Additional intermediate stiffeners on the webs, on the upper chord, and on the webs and upper chord (together) were considered. A significant effect on the bending resistant with a small increase in the element’s self-weight has been demonstrated. In the third stage, the characteristics of a channel, zeta and hat profile with intermediate longitudinal stiffener in the middle of the web were compared. The performed analyzes demonstrated that the hat cross-section shows a significant advantage in bending by the main axis z-z. This advantage can be used in case of lack of protection against lateral torsional buckling and a larger degree of roof slope.

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Prabowo, Aditya Rio, Hyun Jin Cho, Seung Geon Lee, Seung Jun Baek, Jung Hoon Byeon, Dong Myung Bae, Jung Min Sohn, and Bangun IR Harsritanto. "Evaluating structural crashworthiness and progressive failure of double hull tanker under accidental grounding: bottom raking case." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (July 27, 2018): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0024.

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Abstract Remarkable consequences of maritime accident can be various, including structural damage, loss of life and marine pollution. During an accidental phenomenon, such as ship grounding, the amount of oil spillage indicates casualties’ extent of surrounding sea water. Effort to provide protection for sea environment against such event has been conducted actively by developing navigational instruments, and passively using structural development and assessment. The accidental grounding is, however, a very complicated process with high sensitivity to given factors during its occurrence. Variety in ship type, location, obstruction etc. affected by advance improvement in naval technology, invites sustainable analysis for structural crashworthiness and failure to produce evaluation data. This work aims to perform an assessment on double hull tanker subjected accidental grounding with oceanic seabed as the obstruction. Fundamental concept of bottom raking is used to design grounding scenario using numerical experiment. Non-Linear Finite Element Method (NLFEM) is deployed to idealise tanker structure and obstruction geometry. The selected crashworthiness criteria in grounding are summarised to provide structural prediction in moment double hull members are experiencing crushing process. Influence of geometrical parameters’ variation to progressive failure is presented with contribution of double bottom members to structural behaviour in final part. Result data of the current work can be a reasonable reference to understanding double bottom performance in grounding, especially in raking case. Insight of such accidental phenomenon is very useful in further effort to minimise grounding consequences.

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Silva, Flora, António Albuquerque, Victor Cavaleiro, and Paulo Scalize. "Removal of Cr, Cu and Zn from liquid effluents using the fine component of granitic residual soils." Open Engineering 8, no. 1 (November 24, 2018): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0051.

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Abstract The practice of reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) is seen as a strategy for water conservation in regions where water scarcity is a natural reality and in those where population growth and/or climate change foresee this scarcity. In situations of lower water scarcity, reuse is practiced by imperatives of environmental protection of the receiving media, reducing the discharge of effiuents from wastewater treatment plants. The artificial recharge of aquifers (RAQ) with TWW is a very common practice at the international level, but little considered in Portugal. However, residual waste from TWW (e.g heavy metals), when deposited in soil or water, can cause significant environmental impacts on its uses, and cause serious health problems in several animal species due to their bioaccumulation in food chains. The present study intends to show that the granitic residual soils of the Quinta de Gonçalo Martins (Guarda), in the Beira Interior region of Portugal, present physical-chemical and mineralogical characteristics favorable to the infiltration of TWW into RAQ. The results of the batch sorption tests indicate that the soil has a reactive capacity to remove the Cu and Zn residual load at TWW at high efficiencies by adsorption and ion exchange mechanisms. The pseudo-first order model explained the reaction kinetics for the three heavy metals removal and when the sorption equilibrium state was reached, the removal of these metals was explained by the Freundlich isotherm.

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Szafranko, Elżbieta Hanna. "Assessment of direct and indirect effects of building developments on the environment." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0013.

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AbstractAny building construction undertaking is inseparable from the environment in which it will be executed. Among all buildings, the most difficult ones from the point of view of nature protection are those which have been classified as having a considerable impact on the environment. Roads and road infrastructure are a particular case. Construction of roads or railroads and their subsequent long-term use lead to many changes in the environment. When planning such building projects, it is recommended to develop variant solutions in order to choose the one that would be least harmful to the environment, and then to submit them to an objective assessment. To facilitate the selection of an optimal solution, assessment indicators are developed. However, it needs to be remembered that a factor perceived as a negative one in the immediate assessment might generate positive consequences on a broader scale and vice versa. Hence, an assessment of the impacts on the environment caused by building projects should be viewed in the context of indirect (global) and direct (local) effects. This article will present a model analysis of the impacts caused by a fragment of a road, including local and global effects measured by the indicator method. This method has been developed by the author of this article, who believes that it enables the user to make a complex analysis, while the graphic presentation it involves, discussed in the conclusions to this paper, helps to decide easily which factors are decisive in the final assessment of the analysed project.

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Rakitskii, V. N. "Contemporary challenges and ways to improve health risk assessment and management." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.03.eng.

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We analyzed basic trends in improving risk assessment and management in Russia taking into account international experience; these trends arise from needs occurring in contemporary hygienic science and necessity to provide stronger resistance against new threats to population health. We substantiated specific tasks in development of health risk analysis mythology basing on preconditions for finding solutions to them in Russia; we also determined practical issues in its implementation that are the most vital and need solutions in the nearest future in order to eliminate adverse impacts on the environment and population health. The primary results are creation of a long-term strategy for the development of health risk analysis principles that takes into account the latest scientific data and is aimed at solving the following methodological and practical tasks: implementation of a systemic approach in estimating carcinogenic / non-carcinogenic risks; development of a unified approach to accomplishing toxicological «dose – response» examinations and interpreting their results which will take into account background morbidity and background dose burdens and determine susceptible population groups and behavioral models; threshold levels obtained via determining «benchmark» concentrations taking spontaneous background into account in order to determine new RfD and RfC and revise existing ones; use of micronvironmental approach in exposure estimation; use of risk assessment methodology in BAT parameters implementation for providing control over health safety after new approaches aimed at reducing emissions have been implemented in environmental protection. The necessity to improve approaches to health risk assessment and management and tasks solved within the process have been taken into account when the Branch scientific research program for 2021–2025 was developed by Rospotrebnadzor.

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Geregei, A. M., E. S. Shitova, I. S. Malakhova, E. S. Shuporin, E. V. Bondaruk, A. R. Efimov, and V. Kh Takh. "Up-to-date techniques for examining safety and physiological efficiency of industrial exoskeletons." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.18.eng.

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Occupational morbidity caused by physical overloads and certain organs and systems being overstrained ranks second among occupational pathologies depending on an influencing adverse occupational factor. Given that, it seems vital and promising to develop industrial exoskeletons as they are able to protect a worker’s musculoskeletal system from excessive physical loads. And absence of a relative regulatory and technologic base is a challenge here as it imposes substantial limitations on industrial exoskeletons implementation in productions both in Russia and in other countries. A significant role in creating regulatory and technological base belongs to a possibility to accomplish an objective medical and biological examination of industrial exoskeletons safety and physiological efficiency. Developed and properly tested procedures for examining physiological and ergonomic properties of industrial exoskeletons will make a substantial contribution into a system of complex ergonomic tests accomplished at stages when exoskeletons are developed, created, and put into trial operation. The present paper dwells on up-to-date medical and biological procedures for examining safety and physiological efficiency of industrial exoskeletons. There are examples on using a «movement seizure» procedure performed with inertial sensors, ergospirometry, electromyography, and myotonometry for estimating physiological and ergonomic properties of industrial exoskeletons at a modeled working place. Results obtained via this research involving all the above mentioned procedures confirmed that it was safe and quite efficient to apply industrial exoskeletons for workers who had to deal with physical labor when performing work tasks similar to those used in developed models. Applied procedures can substantially enhance approaches to examining a worker’s functional state and obtained results will make a significant contribution into development of a regulatory and technological base for promising individual protection means used to protect the musculoskeletal system within the existing System of occupational safety standards.

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Roubos, Sandra, Annet L. Louwerse, Jan A. M. Langermans, and Jaco Bakker. "Retrospective Analysis of the Effectiveness and Reversibility of Long-Acting Contraception Etonogestrel (Implanon®) in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)." Animals 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040963.

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Contraception is an important population control method for the colony management of primates housed in captivity. Etonogestrel (ENG) implants (i.e., Implanon®) are a widely used progestin-based contraceptive in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with the theoretical advantages of being reversible and long-acting. However, no dose and efficacy data are available yet. Therefore, data from 52 adult female marmosets contracepted with ENG (one-fourth or one-third of an implant) housed at the Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC, Rijswijk, The Netherlands) over the past 18 years were analyzed. Using an electronic database, a retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted to calculate the reproductive data before, during and after ENG use. The data show an effectiveness in preventing pregnancy of 99%. The implant was effective within one week after insertion. Unintended pregnancies did occur, but in 60% of these cases, the animals were already pregnant at the time of implant insertion. In these cases, healthy offspring were born despite the use of the implant. No stillbirths, neonatal deaths or maternal deaths could be linked to ENG use. After implant removal, 83% of the animals delivered healthy offspring. No difference in contraception efficacy was observed between the use of one-fourth or one-third of an implant. ENG achieved a contraceptive protection exceeding 99% and was shown to be reversible concerning fertility. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed analysis on the use of ENG in marmosets.

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Valina, S. L., I. E. Shtina, O. A. Maklakova, D. A. Eisfel'd, and O. Yu Ustinova. "Markers showing allergic reactions in children caused by aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.09.eng.

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High prevalence of allergic diseases among children and their close relation with quality of the environment require new approaches to organizing diagnostic and prevention activities. Our research objects were 247 children attending pre-school children facilities (PSCF). It was detected that children who permanently lived and/or attended a pre-school facility for not less than three years under long-term chemical aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds in low doses (0.17–0.23 MPC average daily) had contents of these metals in their blood that were 1.9–2.0 times higher than the same parameter in children from the reference group and 1.7–2.1 times higher than background level in the region. Pre-school children with their biological media being contaminated with nickel and manganese compounds suffered from atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma 1.3–4.5 times more frequently (0.23R20.73; 59.2F388.1; р≤0.001). Allergic diseases associated with aerogenic exposure to chemicals with sensitizing power have certain pathogenetic peculiarities such as active overall inflammatory reaction; sensitization in 54–86% children (the parameter is 1.5–4.3 times higher than in the reference group); cellular metabolism disorder; depletion of antioxidant protection resources in 72% children; deficient activity of phagocytic and humoral section in immunity (1.2 times lower than in the reference group); cytokine regulation disorders (2.4–2.5 time difference); reduced expression of a receptor that induces activation apoptosis; stronger sympathetic influence on heart rate modulation in 26.0% children. Basing on statistical analysis and model making, we determined markers that showed occurring allergic reactions caused by aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds. These markers are targets for prevention activities; they include growth in allergic pathologies prevalence; these pathologies occurring together with chronic inflammatory-proliferative diseases and disorders in the vegetative nervous system; increased contents of leukocytes, eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E specific to nickel in blood; a decrease in phagocyte number and contents of IgM, IgА in blood serum (0.07≤R2≤0.74; 19.3≤F≤713.2; р≤0.0001).

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Valina, S. L., I. E. Shtina, O. A. Maklakova, D. A. Eisfel'd, and O. Yu Ustinova. "Markers showing allergic reactions in children caused by aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds." Health Risk Analysis, no. 4 (December 2020): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.4.09.eng.

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High prevalence of allergic diseases among children and their close relation with quality of the environment require new approaches to organizing diagnostic and prevention activities. Our research objects were 247 children attending pre-school children facilities (PSCF). It was detected that children who permanently lived and/or attended a pre-school facility for not less than three years under long-term chemical aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds in low doses (0.17–0.23 MPC average daily) had contents of these metals in their blood that were 1.9–2.0 times higher than the same parameter in children from the reference group and 1.7–2.1 times higher than background level in the region. Pre-school children with their biological media being contaminated with nickel and manganese compounds suffered from atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma 1.3–4.5 times more frequently (0.23R20.73; 59.2F388.1; р≤0.001). Allergic diseases associated with aerogenic exposure to chemicals with sensitizing power have certain pathogenetic peculiarities such as active overall inflammatory reaction; sensitization in 54–86% children (the parameter is 1.5–4.3 times higher than in the reference group); cellular metabolism disorder; depletion of antioxidant protection resources in 72% children; deficient activity of phagocytic and humoral section in immunity (1.2 times lower than in the reference group); cytokine regulation disorders (2.4–2.5 time difference); reduced expression of a receptor that induces activation apoptosis; stronger sympathetic influence on heart rate modulation in 26.0% children. Basing on statistical analysis and model making, we determined markers that showed occurring allergic reactions caused by aerogenic exposure to manganese and nickel compounds. These markers are targets for prevention activities; they include growth in allergic pathologies prevalence; these pathologies occurring together with chronic inflammatory-proliferative diseases and disorders in the vegetative nervous system; increased contents of leukocytes, eosinophils, and immunoglobulin E specific to nickel in blood; a decrease in phagocyte number and contents of IgM, IgА in blood serum (0.07≤R2≤0.74; 19.3≤F≤713.2; р≤0.0001).

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Abdulmalek Rajkhan, Abdulmalek Rajkhan. "GAMOS DICOM Simulation on Occupational EL Dose due to 99mTc and 131I Exposures in Nuclear Medicine Departments." journal of King Abdulaziz University Engineering Sciences 30, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/eng.30-1.5.

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Radiation induced cataracts is a disease that is common amongst radiation exposed staff. About 30 percent of retired occupational radiation workers developed eye lens (EL) cataracts. Epidemiological studies on radiation therapy patients, occupational workers, and atomic bomb survivors show that 0.5 Gy of acute or fractioned radiation dose to EL causes one or both lens to cloud. The annual EL dose limit drawn by the International Commission for Radiation Protection (ICRP) was 150 mSv and was changed in 2012 to 20 mSv averaged over 5 years, with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. The limited number of researche done in Nuclear Medicine (NM) clinics with the Hp(3) dosimeters suggest that the annual EL dose from three procedures is measured to be between 4.5 and 9 mSv (i.e. dispensing, preparing and administering). These procedures are performed when the radioactive materials are in closed shielded containers or behind a barrier. Common radioactive material handled by occupational workers in NM clinics are 99mTc and 131I. They pose less radiation hazard to workers EL in the three procedures when they are behind shielded containers. Moreover, once the radioactive material is administered into patients, they become open sources and pose more radiation hazard to workers. The Hp(3) dosimeter is a new uncommon dosimeter. Many radiation facilities use the Hp(0.07) and Hp(10) dosimeters coupled with many conditions and conversion factors to find approximate results. Therefore, simulations are performed to find the EL dose. However, some simulations are performed with little flexibility in simulation geometry, others utilize low-quality phantoms or present the simulation results in terms of fluxes or energy ranges. In the present study, the NM worker EL dose is simulated by utilizing a high-resolution Digital Imagning Communication in Medicine (DICOM) image in GEANT4 Archeticture for Medical Oriented Simulation (GAMOS). A water cylinder homogenously filled by radioactive material, representing the administered patient, was created in the simulation. The worker exposure scenario was simulated by placing the cylinder in three different directions and five different distances with respect to the DICOM image. The results of the simulation reveal that the highest occupational EL radiation dose is received from the anterior-posterior direction, followed by the lateral, and the posterior-anterior directions. The results of the conservative simulated scenario reveal that the worker EL dose is exposed to three tenths of the annual dose limit after 110 131I patients, or 300 99mTc patients.

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Popova, A. Yu, S. V. Kuzmin, N. V. Zaitseva, and I. V. May. "Priorities in scientific support provided for hygienic activities accomplished by a sanitary and epidemiologic service: how to face known threats and new chnallanges." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.1.01.eng.

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Scientific support provided for activities accomplished by the Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being is considered to be a most significant tool for raising productivity and efficiency of the system functioning. A concept on scientific support provided for Rospotrebnadzor’s organs and authorities in 2021–2025 focuses on creating an integral, coordinated, efficient, stable, and adaptive system of scientific support provided for activities aimed at securing sanitary-epidemiologic welfare of the population. A peculiar feature of this concept for 2021–2025 is an emphasis on science-intensive analysis technologies and predictions based on digital informational and analytical support provided for strategic and operative decisions on minimizing risks and damage to population health. Another emphasis is on significance of fundamental hygienic research. The concept sets the tasks to develop scientific grounds for cellular and sub-cellular technologies applied to diagnose health disorders under exposure to occupational and environmental factors as well as lifestyle-related ones. It is necessary to create a personified medical and preventive platform for preserving life and health; the platform should be based on risk assessing, monitoring and prediction, mathematical modeling of processes occurring in a body, and the latest data on physiology and toxicology. The Concept also covers issues related to developing innovative technologies for preventing and rehabilitating diseases associated with environmental and occupational factors basing on science-intensive cross-disciplinary studies and the most up-to-date hardware and software complexes. More enhanced hygienic and epidemiologic research is an extremely important and promising vector in scientific development. The Concept outlines the necessity to promptly make new technologies available to experts who are responsible for control, surveillance, inspections, licensing, and other activities within Rospotrebnadzor system. The Concept on scientific support is being implemented via «Scientific substantiation for the national system for providing sanitary-epidemiologic welfare, health risk management, and raising life quality of the RF population», a specialized scientific-research program for 2021–2025. More than 80% resources allocated within the specialized program will be assigned for solving the most vital tasks and preventing future threats. Finding solutions to major strategic tasks set by the Concept and the specialized scientific program will allow achieving greater contributions made by organs and authorities of the sanitary-epidemiologic service into scientific, technological, and socioeconomic development of the country including a contribution into developing and implementing competitive scientific-technical products.

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Sokolovsky, V. L., G. B. Furman, D. A. Polyanskaya, and E. G. Furman. "Spatio-temporal modeling of COVID-19 epidemic." Health Risk Analysis, no. 1 (March 2021): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2021.1.03.eng.

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In autumn and winter 2020–2021 there was a growth in morbidity with COVID-19. Since there are no efficient medications and mass vaccination has only just begun, quarantine, limitations on travels and contacts between people as well as use of personal protection equipment (masks) still remain priority measures aimed at preventing the disease from spreading. In this work we have analyzed how the epidemic developed and what impacts quarantine measures exerted on the disease spread; to do that we applied various mathematical models. It was shown that simple models belonging to SIR-type (S means susceptible; I, infected; and R, recovered or removed from the infected group) allowed estimating certain model parameters such as morbidity and recovery coefficients that could be used in more complicated models. We examined spatio-temporal epidemiologic models based on finding solutions to non-stationary two-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations. Such models allow taking into account uneven distribution of population, changes in population mobility, and changes in frequency of contacts between susceptible and infected people due to quarantine. We applied obtained analytical and numerical solutions to analyze different stages in the epidemic as well as its wave-like development influenced by imposing and canceling quarantine limitations. To take into account ultimate rate at which the disease spreads and its incubation period (when an infected person is not a source of contagion), we suggest using equations similar to the Cattaneo-Vernotte one. The suggested model allows predicting where the front of morbidity spread is going to occur, that is, a moving frontier between areas where there are infected people and areas where they are absent. Use of such models provides an opportunity to introduce differential quarantine measures basing on more objective grounds. At the end of 2020 mass vaccination started in some countries. We estimated a necessary number of people that had to be vaccinated so that new waves of COVID-19 epidemic would be prevented; in our estimates, not less than 80% of the country population should be vaccinated. Correct prediction of epidemic development is becoming more and more vital at the moment due to new and more contagious COVID-19 virus strains occurring in England, South Africa, and some other countries. Our research results can be used for predicting spread of COVID-19 and other communicable diseases; they can make for taking the most efficient measures for successful control over epidemics.

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Sharakhmetov, S. Е., T. R. Barakbayev, and T. O. Adayev. "Efficiency of Sonar Fish Protection Device at the Kokaral Dam of the Small Aral Sea." Central Asian Journal of Water Research 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 158–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cajwr/2021-r1.v7-1/158-176.eng.

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The study aimed to assess the efficiency of the pilot hydro-acoustic (sonar) fish protection device (SFPD) installed at the Kokaral Dam of the Small Aral Sea. For this purpose, between August 27 and September 5, 2020 experimental and control fish catching was carried out using fixed fishing nets (30×60 mm mesh). The SFPD’s effectiveness was assessed based on the amount and species diversity of the caught fish with and without the SFPD operating. Fish behavior and distribution were monitored using an echo sounder. In terms of quantity, 173 fish were caught with the SFPD off, and 94 with the SFPD on. In terms of biomass, the values were 37.5 kg and 27.6 kg, respectively. With the SFPD off, the ichthyofauna composition was represented by 12 fish species: carp, crucian carp, roach, ide, bream, common rudd, saber carp, snakehead, pike perch, perch, pike, and asp. With the SFPD on, roach and ide were absent in the catch, and the quantity of common rudd significantly decreased. In both catches, the quantity of carp and crucian carp was similar; bream and saber carp specimen were sporadic. The number of predatory fish (pike, perch, snakeheads, and pike perch) in the catches increased. Asp was absent in the net catches also; however, this fish species represents the main object of amateur hook and line fishing. Based on the catch-per-effort unit, it can be concluded that whereas the SFPD observed efficiency for small non-predatory fish like ide, roach, and common rudd was 95%, it was 0% for large non-predatory fish (carp and crucian carp); and negative for predatory fish.

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Xiang, Tengfei, Min Zhang, Hisham Rabia Sadig, Zecai Li, Manxin Zhang, Chundong Dong, Ling Yang, Wenming Chan, and Cheng Li. "Corrigendum to “Slippery liquid-infused porous surface for corrosion protection with self-healing property” [Chem. Eng. J. 345 (2018) 147–155]." Chemical Engineering Journal 348 (September 2018): 1064–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.117.

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Caron, David D., and Rhona K. M. Smith. "Goodwin v. United Kingdom. App. No. 28957/95 and I. v. United Kingdom. App. No. 25680/94." American Journal of International Law 97, no. 3 (July 2003): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3109851.

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Goodwin v. United Kingdom. App. No. 28957/95. At <http://www.echr.coe.int/Eng/Judgments.htm>.European Court of Human Rights, Grand Chamber, July 11, 2002.I. v. United Kingdom. App. No. 25680/94. At <http://www.echr.coe.int/Eng/Judgments.htm>. European Court of Human Rights, Grand Chamber, July 11, 2002.Under English law, people may change their names and use those new names for official purposes. At the same time, specified biological criteria determine the sex of individuals under the law for various purposes, including marriage and retirement pensions. In Goodwin v. United Kingdom and I. v. United Kingdom, the question presented was whether such biological criteria impermissibly operate to the prejudice of postoperative transsexuals. The grand chamber of the European Court of Human Rights unanimously concluded that the practice of restricting gender in national law to the one registered at birth infringed both the right to respect for private life and the right to marry, contrary to the guarantees of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

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Oyebode, Femi, Giles Berrisford, and Liz Parry. "Commission for Health Improvement and mental health Services." Psychiatric Bulletin 28, no. 7 (July 2004): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.7.238.

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The Commission for Health Improvement (CHI) ceased to function at the end of March 2004. This provides the opportunity to review its contribution and achievements as a new body, the Commission for Healthcare Audit and Inspection (CHAI), takes over its functions∗. CHI recently published its assessment of mental health services (http://www.chi.nhs.uk/eng/news/2003/dec/11.shtml). The report is based on the 35 clinical governance reviews, in England and Wales, published between July 2001 and October 2003; two investigations into serious service failures; and a report on safeguarding arrangements for children in England and a self-audit of child protection arrangements. CHI concluded that mental health services lag behind acute health services in developing clinical governance systems and processes that promote high-quality care and continuous improvement. It specifically highlighted the shortages of psychiatrists and in-patient nurses, and the reliance on agency nurses and locum staff; the unsuitability of buildings and facilities; the pressures on in-patient beds; the lack of management capacity and poor information systems; and the low priority given to services for children and older people.

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Kovács, József, István Gábor Hatvani, János Korponai, and Ilona Székely Kovács. "Corrigendum to “Morlet wavelet and autocorrelation analysis of long-term data series of the Kis-Balaton water protection system (KBWPS)” [Ecol. Eng. 36 (2010) 1469–1477]." Ecological Engineering 37, no. 9 (September 2011): 1438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.05.007.

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Monika, Monika, and Jarosław Frydrych. "Olej ochronny o niskiej lepkości do czasowej ochrony elementów metalowych przed korozją." Nafta-Gaz 76, no. 11 (November 2020): 864–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2020.11.12.

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Corrosion of metals is the gradual destruction of metal under the impact of environmental factors. Chemical or electrochemical processes on the surface of the metal cause irreversible changes in the structure of the metal. To prevent this, during storage or transport, the surfaces of metal elements must be protected against environmental factors, which include: high air humidity, acid rain and variable temperature. These factors accelerate the corrosion process, which cannot be eliminated, but can be reduced by protecting metal elements with e.g. protective oils. Some metals have the ability to passivate, which is a natural protective agent that prevents corrosion. It consists in the formation of an oxide of this metal on the metal surface. Where there is no natural protection against corrosion, protective measures must be used. This paper presents the technology for the production of protective oil for temporary protection against corrosion. The innovation of this project is that the oil will form a thin, well adhering protective layer on the metal surface, which can be easily removed. It is characterised by very low viscosity and low dripping time. It is possible to achieve by using proper base oil with carefully selected anti-corrosion additives. Based on the standard PN-75/C-04154 Petroleum products. Rust protection by metal preservatives the humidity cabinet test method, corrosion tests were carried out. The paper presents the results of a humidity cabinet test for an oil mixture based on deeply refined base oil and properly selected refining additives. The test results confirmed very good anti-corrosive properties of the developed oil due to the use of a corrosion inhibitor and an oxidation inhibitor. The thickness of the protective layer formed on the metal surface was calculated based on a mathematical formula. The resulting layer forms a thin oil film, easy to remove and protecting the metal surface from corrosion.

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Fortescue, Stephen. "Property, Predation, and Protection: Piranha Capitalism in Russia and Ukraine - Property, Predation, and Protection: Piranha Capitalism in Russia and Ukraine. By Stanislav Markus. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 2015. xi, 243 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Figures. Tables. $95.00, hard bound." Slavic Review 75, no. 3 (2016): 740–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.75.3.0740.

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Xie, Jin Fa, and Yan Qiang Cheng. "Analysis and Collision Simulation Research of the Latest Underrun Protective Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.534.

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For a truck rear guard device connections is weak, the height from the ground does not meet the national standard. Used CATIA to design the latest kind of swinging truck rear underrun protector. The size of the latest protective frame meet the requirements of Chinese standard GB1567.2-2001. Used the finite element simulation of analysis software LS-DYNA, make the simulation experiment of rear end collision between a car and the truck. Analysis of the curve about the transient dynamic response, displacement, velocity and acceleration of protective frame in the process of collision, Clearly show the deformation process in the rear-end collision process of the protection frame. it proved the effectiveness of the protective frame. Analysis and collision simulation research of the latest underrun protective device.

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Lee, Jack Tsen-Ta. "Equality and Singapore’s First Constitutional Challenges to the Criminalization of Male Homosexual Conduct." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 16, no. 1-2 (October 6, 2015): 150–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-01601007.

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In 2013, in Lim Meng Suang and Kenneth Chee Mun-Leon v Attorney-General1 and Tan Eng Hong v Attorney-General,2 the High Court of Singapore delivered the first judgments in the jurisdiction considering the constitutionality of section 377A of the Penal Code, which criminalizes acts of ‘gross indecency’ between two men, whether they occur in public or private. The Court ruled that the provision was not inconsistent with the guarantees of equality before the law and equal protection of the law stated in Article 12(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore. The result was upheld in 2014 by the Court of Appeal in Lim Meng Suang and another v Attorney-General3 with slight differences in the reasoning. This article examines the courts’ analysis of equality law, and submits in particular that the courts ought to re-evaluate whether they should apply a presumption of constitutionality, refuse to assess the legitimacy of the object of the impugned provision, and rely on a standard of mere reasonableness or lack of arbitrariness when determining if a rational relation exists between the provision’s object and the differentia underlying a classification used in the provision.

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Pavlov, K, A., and O. B. Klochkov. "Protection of State Border in Caucasus at End of 19th Century: Karsk Border Brigade." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-413-426.

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The process of formation and development of the protection of the state border in the Caucasus at the end of the 19th century (using the example of the Karsk border brigade) is analyzed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in historical research insufficient attention is paid to the protection of the state border in the Caucasus by border guard units at the end of the 19th century. It is shown that under the conditions of the introduction of protective customs duties, as a result of which smuggling activities began to develop actively, without specialized units, the Russian Empire was unable to protect its economic interests in the border space in the Caucasus. It is noted that the development of the state border guard system was carried out in a tense, unstable military-political situation, accompanied by constant armed clashes with bandit formations. It is indicated that in these conditions, the protection of the state border was carried out by the border guards together with military units, which in turn negatively affected the quality of the protection of the economic interests of the Russian Empire in the region. It is concluded that the development of the system for protecting the state border in the Caucasus was a consequence of the existing threats to national security in the region.

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Nazaryan, Levon, Emmanouil Panaousis, and Christos Politis. "End-to-End Security Protection." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 5, no. 1 (March 2010): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2009.935542.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Protection. eng'

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