Relevant bibliographies by topics / Protection levels

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Protection levels'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Protection levels"

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Solecki, William, Lesley Patrick, Michael Brady, Kristen Grady, and Andrew Maroko. "CLIMATE PROTECTION LEVELS." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1196, no. 1 (2010): 293–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05325.x.

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Oliveira, João, and Christian Tiberius. "Quality Control in SBAS: Protection Levels and Reliability Levels." Journal of Navigation 62, no. 3 (2009): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463309005311.

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This contribution extends the common documented approach of integrity through Protection Levels in Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) positioning for aeronautics, to reliability on the basis of statistical hypothesis testing, and as such provides a safeguard against model misspecifications as anomalies and outliers in the measurements. It is shown that when integrity is monitored through Protection Levels and reliability added through Reliability Levels, the availability of the SBAS position solution is more than 99% for APV-I precision approach. The availability for CAT-I is currently
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Narejo, D. B. "Three Levels of Geomembrane Puncture Protection." Geosynthetics International 2, no. 4 (1995): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.2.0035.

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Liu, Baoyu, Yang Gao, Guanwen Huang, and Yuting Gao. "Advanced RAIM with quadratic protection levels." Measurement 256 (December 2025): 118254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118254.

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Jinliang He, Zhiyong Yuan, Shunchao Wang, Jun Hu, Shuiming Chen, and Rong Zeng. "Effective Protection Distances of Low-Voltage SPD With Different Voltage Protection Levels." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 25, no. 1 (2010): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2009.2035297.

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Klovdahl, Alden S. "Levels of Protection: Confidentiality in Network Research." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 48, no. 1 (1995): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/075910639504800113.

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Isele, Dietmar, Andreas Baumgart, and Jochen Keller. "High levels of corrosion protection for actuators." JOT-International Surface Technology 4, no. 2 (2011): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35724-011-0039-x.

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Lutsenko, Stanislav. "LEVELS OF ENSURING INVESTMENT PROTECTION IN UKRAINE." Knowledge, Education, Law, Management 59, no. 7 (2023): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51647/kelm.2023.7.40.

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Civelek, Ismail, Itir Karaesmen, and Alan Scheller-Wolf. "Blood platelet inventory management with protection levels." European Journal of Operational Research 243, no. 3 (2015): 826–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.01.023.

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Igarashi, Takayuki. "Diagnosis Reference Levels and Medical Radiation Protection." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 71, no. 5 (2015): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2015_jsrt_71.5.456.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protection levels"

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Mauney, Daniel W. "Psychophysical investigation of the real-ear attenuation of hearing protection devices under different sound-field diffusivity conditions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41690.

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Certain U. S. and international consensus standards governing hearing protection device (HPD) attenuation testing specify the use of a diffuse sound field to ensure the sound field remains uniform and random-incidence in an envelope about the subject’s head (ANSI, 1974; ANSI, 1984; British BSI 5108:1983; Canadian CSA Z94.2-M1984; ISO 4869- 1:1990; Swedish SS 882151). However, there are very few experimental data to support these restrictive requirements. The research presented herein investigated this issue by applying three different environments in tests of the attenuation of four different
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Yu, Qingnian. "Cultivated land protection (CLP) in China : national policy implementation at local levels." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425465.

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Richards, Michael Llewellyn. "Comparison of laboratory protocols for yielding improved estimates of hearing protection in field performance for use in standards development." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020615/.

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Williams, Erica. "Aquatecture : architectural adaptation to rising sea levels." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003290.

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Robinson, Gary S. "Effects of anechoic vs. reverberant sound-field, subject gender, and outlier dismissal on the real-ear attenuation of hearing protection devices." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020624/.

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Dumela, Khombo Eunice. "Optimizing Patient Protection During Diagnostic Procedures -Developing Diagnostic Reference Levels at the Dr George Mukhari Hospital." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/288.

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Thesis (MSc.(Med)(Physics))--University of Limpopo, 2010.<br>Key words: Diagnostic reference levels (DRL), entrance surface dose (ESD), thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) Introduction: Diagnostic reference levels (DRL‟s) are defined as a dose level set for standard sized patients or standard phantoms and are not for individual exposures and individual patients and are an efficient standard for optimizing the radiation protection of patients and are practically useful for more common examinations. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommends entrance surface dose (ESD) as DRL‟s in d
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Wright, William H. "The effect of passive and electronic amplitude-sensitive hearing protectors on the detection of a warning signal." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102009-040300/.

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Cummins, Robert. "Analysis of Soil Lead Levels in an Historic District of a South Central Kentucky City." TopSCHOLAR®, 2003. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/588.

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Lead in soil has been shown to be a significant pathway of lead exposure in children. Several factors including age of housing units, exterior composition, and paint loading may affect the amount of lead present in the soil. The purpose of this study was to analyze soil lead levels on properties located in an historic district and relate those levels to the variables previously mentioned. A total of 30 soil samples were collected from housing units in a nationally recognized historic district. Concentrations of lead in the soil were analyzed using a NITON X-ray Fluorescence Spectrum Analyzer,
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Дроздова, Олена Юріївна, Елена Юрьевна Дроздова, Olena Yuriivna Drozdova, and E. V. Storchaka. "The approaches to resolving the problems of financing nature protection efforts on regional and local levels." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8412.

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Sotana, Lizo. "Levels of job satisfaction experienced by employees at crime intelligence, protection and security services in King William's Town." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021031.

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This study evaluated the levels of job satisfaction experienced by warrant officers and constables at crime intelligence, protection and security services in King William’s Town. Job satisfaction is a personal appraisal of the job and the psychological experience at work. It is a measure of the general attitudes to work of a specific individual rather than of a collection of attitudes of an employee to a number of aspects related to his / her job. These include the work itself, workplace interactions and relationships, rewards and incentive schemes, and personal characteristics. The main purpo
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Books on the topic "Protection levels"

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OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. Expert Group on Intervention Levels for Nuclear Emergencies., ed. Nuclear accidents: Intervention levels for protection of the public : a report. Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1989.

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Martell, David Leigh. Levels of fire protection for sustainable forestry in Ontario: A discussion paper. Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1997.

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United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute. Environmental protection at national and international levels: Potentials and limits of criminal justice. UNICRI, 1997.

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S, Penfold J. S., and Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Environment, Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection., eds. Radiation protection 107: Establishment of reference levels for regulatory control of workplaces where materials are processed which contain enhanced levels of naturally-occurring radionuclides. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1999.

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Namibia. Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare. Pilot guidelines and tools for child care and protection forums at national, regional, and constituency levels. Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare, Govt. of the Republic of Namibia, 2011.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, ed. Effects of ionizing radiation on plants and animals at levels implied by current radiation protection standards. International Atomic Energy Agency, 1992.

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Bevilacqua, Piero. Venezia e le acque: Una metafora planetaria. Donzelli, 1998.

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Fletcher, Caroline. La scienza per Venezia: Recupero e salvaguardia della citta e della laguna. Umberto Allemandi, 2004.

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Concannon, Colman. Dioxins in the Irish environment: An assessment based on levels in cow's milk. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996.

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ORD Managers' Leadership Summit (2004 Philadelphia, Pa.). 2004 ORD managers' leadership summit: Catalytic management : igniting leadership at all levels. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Protection levels"

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Şahin-Mencütek, Zeynep, N. Ela Gökalp-Aras, Ayhan Kaya, and Susan Beth Rottmann. "Protection." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27366-7_4.

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AbstractTurkey has a highly complex structure with stratified legal statuses and multiple actors in migration and refugee governance. The chapter shows how temporality is the key encompassing characteristic of Turkey’s refugee governance, which is the basis for its response to Syrian mass migration and multilevel refugee governance. In this regard, the chapter asks how strategic temporality is used as a tool for international protection in Turkey and what the consequences are in terms of the legal, political and institutional frameworks at the macro level, as well as perceptions, experiences,
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Meister, Alton. "Modulation of Glutathione Levels and Metabolism." In Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6462-1_55.

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Gey, K. Fred, Georg B. Brubacher, and Hannes B. Stähelin. "Cancer Mortality Inversely Related to Plasma Levels of Antioxidant Vitamins." In Anticarcinogenesis and Radiation Protection. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6462-1_40.

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Thornton, Ann, William H. Morgan, Eleanor Bladon, Rebecca K. Smith, and William J. Sutherland. "11. Habitat protection." In Coral Conservation. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0453.11.

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This chapter summarizes evidence for the effectiveness of actions to protect corals. Actions include designating Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) with different levels of restrictions on fishing, collection and access; designating a MPA and restricting/limiting recreational activities; and establishing community-based coral reef management.
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Qu, Yongxia, and Mohamed Boutjdir. "RNase Protection Assay for Quantifying Gene Expression Levels." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-030-0_8.

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Modesti, Pietro Amedeo, and Danilo Malandrino. "Role of Circadian Rhythms and Seasonal Variation in BP Levels." In Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59918-2_3.

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Bachmann, G., K. Freier, and R. Konietzka. "Soil Levels Based on the German Soil Protection Bill." In Soil & Environment. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0415-9_191.

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Hadi, Sheimaa A., Suhad A. Ali, and Majid Jabbar Jawad. "Two Levels of Security for Protection of Images Copyright." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5529-6_44.

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Ingelfinger, Julie R. "The Contributions of Perinatal Programming to Blood Pressure Levels in Childhood and Beyond." In Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18167-3_2.

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Chick, Steve, John Shortle, Pieter van Gelder, and Max Mendel. "A Physics-Based Approach to Predicting the Frequency of Extreme River Levels." In Engineering Probabilistic Design and Maintenance for Flood Protection. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3397-5_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Protection levels"

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Haas, Peter. "Instant-Off Potentials Underestimate Cathodic Protection Levels on Pipelines." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19083.

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Abstract The criteria and methods given by AMPP/NACE SP0169 and TM0497 rely heavily on the use of Instant-Off potential measurements to assess cathodic protection levels on pipelines. Despite wide acceptance of these standards, there is little or no data to demonstrate that an Instant-Off potential accurately represents the polarized potential that exists across the metal/electrolyte interface of a pipeline under normal operating conditions. This paper summarizes laboratory testing that was conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of Instant-Off potentials. Test results show that Instant-Off pote
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Blanch, Juan, Sherman Lo, Yu-Hsuan Chen, Anargyros Kriezis, and Todd Walter. "Determining Protection Levels Using Multiple Antennas under Spoofing Conditions." In 2025 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/plans61210.2025.11028291.

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Price, Andrew, Sebastian Ghinet, Yong Chen, Viresh Wickramasinghe, and Anant Grewal. "Evaluation of Aircrew Noise Exposure Levels on a Canadian CH-147F Chinook Helicopter." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11421.

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The cabin and cockpit noise levels of a Royal Canadian Air Force CH-147F Chinook medium to heavy lift utility helicopter were evaluated in this study. The sound pressure levels were measured at nine aircrew locations through 43 unique and representative flight and ground conditions in accordance with the ISO 5129:2001 standard. Additionally, the performance of a combination of currently in service helmets and headsets were evaluated in accordance with the ANSI Standard S12.42. The hearing protection performance results were used in combination with the measured sound pressure levels to evaluat
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Davis, Kenneth E. "Evaluation of Cathodic Protection Levels on Natural Gas Distribution Systems." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98665.

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Abstract Evaluating the cathodic protection levels of large geographically dispersed natural gas distribution systems presents significant challenges to the consistent and proper application of cathodic protection criteria. The measurements must be taken properly, the appropriate criteria applied, and each measurement appropriately evaluated. These activities are performed to maintain public safety, reduce operating costs from corrosion, and meet regulatory requirements. All of this must be accomplished while maintaining or reducing costs. Proper training, well-documented measurement procedure
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Rizzo, Frank E. "Flexible Cathodic Protection Criteria." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88234.

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Abstract The application of cathodic protection using the criteria contained in NACE's RP01-69 (re- vised) has significantly reduced corrosion failures on buried and submerged structures. In many cases, however, corrosion can be mitigated at lower cathodic protection levels than indicated by RP01-69. Significant economies can be realized without significantly increasing the risk of corrosion. Procedures used to qualify less conservative criteria are presented.
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Dabkowski, John. "Cathodic Protection of Storage Field Well Casings." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85152.

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Abstract Downhole logging of gas storage field wells to determine cathodic protection (c.p.) levels is expensive and requires removal of the well from service. A technique allowing the prediction of downhole c.p. levels by modeling combined with limited field measurements would provide the industry with a cost effective means of implementing and monitoring casing protection. The results of a research program sponsored by the Pipeline Research Committee of the American Gas Association (A.G.A.) to develop a predictive computer model are discussed in this paper.
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Paakkonen, Scott T., Samuel F. Lockwood, Daniel H. Pope, Valerie G. Horner, Edgar A. Morris, and Daniel P. Werner. "The Role of Coatings and Cathodic Protection in Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93293.

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Abstract A field study was performed to assess the influence of local soil conditions (biological and chemical) on the ability to achieve "adequate" cathodic protection and reduce corrosion, including microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). The performance of four coatings was also assessed. Two sites were chosen based on inherent differences in soil corrosiveness. Site A was adjacent to a pipeline site at which MIC was implicated in the corrosion process leading to a failure. Site B was a site adjacent to the same pipeline (one-quarter mile from Site A) that had shown significantly less
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Amaya, Herman E., Behrang Fahimi, and Ramgopal Thodla. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of ASTM A320 L7 & L43 Grade Carbon Alloy Steel Bolts in Subsea Environments." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12785.

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Abstract This paper reports an approach towards studying the susceptibility of materials to hydrogen embrittlement of several yield strength levels of ASTM(1) A320L7 &amp; L43 grade carbon alloy material used for bolting1. The test method used is based on ASTM E1820 using pre-cracked compact tension (CT) specimens in a seawater environment and under cathodic protection2. The procedure has been to monitor the crack growth and the crack growth rate (CGR) at various constant stress intensity and at varying cathodic protection potentials. In this way these two parameters can be seen as representat
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Lunden, K. C., and T. M. Stastny. "Rapid Polarization Cathodic Protection in the Rijn Field." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91238.

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Abstract The three platforms of the initial Rijn field development were furnished with a dual sacrificial anode system when they were installed in 1985. The system consisted of an equal number of small magnesium anodes to rapidly polarize the structures and aluminum anodes to maintain the structures at protective levels after the magnesium was consumed. The technique has been successful in providing cathodic protection with significantly reduced anode material requirements. The paper outlines the system and its first five years of operating history.
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Crosara, Laura, Francesco Ardizzon, Nicola Laurenti, and Gianluca Caparra. "Security Protection Levels for GNSS PVT Assurance with a 5G NTN LEO Satellite." In 2024 11th Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technology (NAVITEC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/navitec63575.2024.10843420.

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Reports on the topic "Protection levels"

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Beazley, Rodolfo, Julieta Soledad Taboada, Alexandre Bagolle, Cecilia Chavez Mendoza, and Luis Tejerina. Maturity Model: Adaptative Social Protection System. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013124.

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Adaptive social protection refers to the utilization of social protection systems and programs to enhance the ability of impoverished and vulnerable households to withstand and recover from various shocks, such as those associated with climate change.The maturity model is an assessment tool that seeks to measure the capacity of social protection systems to fulfill these new functions. This model is organized into 7 dimensions and consists of 50 indicators. It assesses the level of maturity of the system across 5 different levels. The interconnectedness and reciprocal influence across these dim
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Tebaldi, Raquel. Social Protection and Climate Disasters: Brazil’s Responses to the 2024 Rio Grande do Sul Floods. UNU-MERIT, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53330/ezrm5332.

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The 2024 floods in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, prompted the largest and fastest response to an extreme weather event in the country’s history. Brazil is a compelling case for analysing shock-responsive and climate-adaptive social protection because of its high level of decentralisation and significant maturity of its social protection system. Brazil is also highly susceptible to climate risks, and as climate change intensifies, bringing more frequent and severe weather events, strengthening the resilience of social protection systems becomes increasingly vital. This case study exam
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Oosterom, Marjoke, and Ludovico Alcorta. Social Protection and Conflict-Sensitivity Directions for Mozambique. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.030.

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This report contains an overview of the main conflict-sensitive concerns for social protection programmes and implementation modalities in Mozambique at the regional, local, and programme levels. Key concerns include issues around: (1) targeting, registration, and payment issues due to errors and delays and/or lack of understanding of eligibility criteria, and dynamics between host and displaced communities; (2) inadequate complaint and grievance mechanisms; (3) limited coordination between implementing actors; (4) insecurity caused by the NSAG; (5) fear and trauma reported by staff and benefi
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Meerendonk, Arthur van de, Guido Heins, and Zina Nimeh. Costing Social Protection Reform for Asia and the Pacific: Strategies for Financing Social Protection to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals in the Developing Member Countries. Asian Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps240013-2.

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This working paper presents the findings, in terms of projected costs and estimated coverage (2024–2030), of social protection reform for Asia and the Pacific, with variations in benefit levels, benefit durations, and other parameters of social protection programs as relevant for countries in the region. In addition, to aggregate expenditure, the paper discusses social protection expenditure and coverage with a regional and categorical lens.
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Baur, Daniela. Social Protection in Nigeria: Analysing Capacities. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2024.005.

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This report describes findings of an analysis of capacities to deliver social protection in Nigeria. It focuses specifically on generating findings that will be useful to situations of protracted crisis, such as displacement due to conflict or climate shocks. The report draws on a three-dimensional Capacity Cube that differentiates between levels of capacity (individual, organisational, institutional), phases of capacity strengthening (building, applying, maintaining) and types of capacity (competency, capability, performance). Analysis of government and international actors’ statements about
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Döring, Thomas, and Michael Thöne. Klimaschutz als kommunale Aufgabe - Ökonomische Rechtfertigung, föderale Zuständigkeitsverteilung und Festlegung des Objektbereichs. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783947850112.

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Contrary to superficial considerations that climate protection should be regarded solely as a national, if not primarily supranational, govern-mental task, measures to combat climate change and its negative con-sequences require political action at all federal levels from an economic perspective. This explicitly includes the level of local authorities. In view of this, this article draws on the economic theory of federalism to identify the most important justification arguments for a significant municipal contribution to climate protection and adaptation. This is followed by a closer look at t
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Roelen, Keetie, Md Shakil Ahmed, Kabita Chowdhury, et al. Social Protection Experiences of and Attitudes Towards New Urban Poor After Covid-19 in Bangladesh. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.006.

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The Covid-19 pandemic led to a large increase in poverty in Bangladesh, especially in urban areas. Rising food prices and high inflation rates further compounded already high levels of socioeconomic uncertainty. Social protection is vital to help mitigate the effects of crisis and make households more resilient to uncertainty. This paper provides insights into urban residents’ experiences of poverty and the support they received since the Covid-19 pandemic, and derives implications for social protection programming in urban Bangladesh. Using secondary longitudinal data collected since the star
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Kirchhoff, Helmut, and Ziv Reich. Protection of the photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation in resurrection plants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699861.bard.

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In this project, we studied the photosynthetic apparatus during dehydration and rehydration of the homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plant Craterostigmapumilum (retains most of the photosynthetic components during desiccation). Resurrection plants have the remarkable capability to withstand desiccation, being able to revive after prolonged severe water deficit in a few days upon rehydration. Homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants are very efficient in protecting the photosynthetic machinery against damage by reactive oxygen production under drought. The main purpose of this BARD project was
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Chong, Alberto E., and Florencio López-de-Silanes. Corporate Governance in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010872.

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This paper analyzes recent trends in Latin Americas institutional development regarding to investor protection. In spite of the underdevelopment of the regions financial markets, there is slow movement towards legal reforms intended to protect investors and make regional markets more attractive to investors; current inadequacies in the regions legal institutions generate high levels of ownership concentration, poor access to external equity financing, and narrow equity markets. The evidence in this paper, based on firm-level data for six countries, shows that, like legal protection of investor
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10

Gummow. L51800 Cathodic Protection Considerations for Pipelines with AC Mitigation Facilities. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010125.

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Abstract:
Induced AC on pipelines, despite the installation of AC mitigation facilities, can still produce deleterious effects involving the safe operation of the pipeline, the effective operation of the cathodic protection system, and the safety of personnel. One of the most serious consequences of steady state induced AC is that AC corrosion can occur, even though the induced AC voltage has been reduced to less than 15V as required by the standards and notwithstanding cathodic protection levels that also satisfy the standards. Implementation of the findings of this report will result in improved effec
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