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Journal articles on the topic 'Protection levels'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Solecki, William, Lesley Patrick, Michael Brady, Kristen Grady, and Andrew Maroko. "CLIMATE PROTECTION LEVELS." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1196, no. 1 (2010): 293–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05325.x.

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2

Oliveira, João, and Christian Tiberius. "Quality Control in SBAS: Protection Levels and Reliability Levels." Journal of Navigation 62, no. 3 (2009): 509–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463309005311.

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This contribution extends the common documented approach of integrity through Protection Levels in Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) positioning for aeronautics, to reliability on the basis of statistical hypothesis testing, and as such provides a safeguard against model misspecifications as anomalies and outliers in the measurements. It is shown that when integrity is monitored through Protection Levels and reliability added through Reliability Levels, the availability of the SBAS position solution is more than 99% for APV-I precision approach. The availability for CAT-I is currently

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3

Narejo, D. B. "Three Levels of Geomembrane Puncture Protection." Geosynthetics International 2, no. 4 (1995): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.2.0035.

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4

Liu, Baoyu, Yang Gao, Guanwen Huang, and Yuting Gao. "Advanced RAIM with quadratic protection levels." Measurement 256 (December 2025): 118254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118254.

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5

Jinliang He, Zhiyong Yuan, Shunchao Wang, Jun Hu, Shuiming Chen, and Rong Zeng. "Effective Protection Distances of Low-Voltage SPD With Different Voltage Protection Levels." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 25, no. 1 (2010): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2009.2035297.

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6

Klovdahl, Alden S. "Levels of Protection: Confidentiality in Network Research." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 48, no. 1 (1995): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/075910639504800113.

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7

Isele, Dietmar, Andreas Baumgart, and Jochen Keller. "High levels of corrosion protection for actuators." JOT-International Surface Technology 4, no. 2 (2011): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35724-011-0039-x.

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8

Lutsenko, Stanislav. "LEVELS OF ENSURING INVESTMENT PROTECTION IN UKRAINE." Knowledge, Education, Law, Management 59, no. 7 (2023): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51647/kelm.2023.7.40.

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9

Civelek, Ismail, Itir Karaesmen, and Alan Scheller-Wolf. "Blood platelet inventory management with protection levels." European Journal of Operational Research 243, no. 3 (2015): 826–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.01.023.

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10

Igarashi, Takayuki. "Diagnosis Reference Levels and Medical Radiation Protection." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 71, no. 5 (2015): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2015_jsrt_71.5.456.

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11

Nodirbekovna, Rakhmonova Mohichehra. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PROTECTION AND MECHANISM FOR THE PROTECTION OF TRADEMARK RIGHTS." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 03, no. 02 (2023): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume03issue02-06.

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This article analyzes the procedure for resolving disputes in the field of intellectual property, in particular the mechanism for the protection of trademark rights at the national and international levels, identifies the main problems existing in the legislation and law enforcement practice on the issues of parallel import and introduction into civil circulation of counterfeit products in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The concept of terms such as counterfeit and parallel imports, which includes practices and international acts in the field of intellectual property, is also investigated

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12

Alqadi, Ziad A. "Three Levels of Protection to Secure Secret Message." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 11, no. 5 (2022): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2022.v11i05.005.

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Many data cryptography methods are based on DES; these methods have a lot of disadvantages such as fixed block size, fixed private key length, multiple rounds and sometimes low level of security. In this research paper a method of secret messages cryptography will be introduced. It will be shown that the proposed method can be easily used to apply data cryptography for short, medium and long messages keeping the values of the quality parameters (MSE, PSN and CC) acceptable. The method will use three image_key to generate the required private keys needed to calculate the number of rotation digi

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13

Catlett, Raymond, Donald Martin, and Robert A. Wilson. "Improving Relay Protection Levels in Medium-Voltage Switchgear." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 50, no. 3 (2014): 1630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2013.2279899.

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14

Arehart-Treichel, Joan. "High BDNF Levels May Offer Protection Against Alzheimer’s." Psychiatric News 49, no. 3 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2014.1a11.

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15

Malhotra, V. K., Jyoti Mavi, and Devendra Kumar. "Strengthening Patent Protection Levels and Indian Pharmaceutical Exports." Indian Economic Journal 60, no. 2 (2012): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220120210.

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16

Claudet, Joachim. "France must impose strict levels of marine protection." Nature 570, no. 7759 (2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01750-1.

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17

Bruckner, Dean, Frank van Graas, and Trent Skidmore. "Statistical characterization of composite protection levels for GPS." GPS Solutions 15, no. 3 (2010): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-010-0188-2.

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18

Al-Abdulrazzak, Dalal, and Stephen C. Trombulak. "Classifying levels of protection in Marine Protected Areas." Marine Policy 36, no. 3 (2012): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2011.08.011.

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19

Blanch, Juan, Todd Walter, and Per Enge. "Protection Levels after Fault Exclusion for Advanced RAIM." Navigation 64, no. 4 (2017): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/navi.210.

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20

McMenamin, Rebecca, and Michael Waibel. "Shareholder Protection in International Human Rights and Investment Law." Austrian Review of International and European Law Online 27, no. 1 (2024): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004705555_008.

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Abstract Foreign shareholders can avail themselves of legal protection under three different legal regimes: diplomatic protection, international investment law and international human rights law. Adopting a historic and comparative approach, this article tracks the faded role of diplomatic protection for protecting shareholders. It identifies the legal instruments that protect shareholders under international investment law and international human rights law, and examines how each regime protects shareholders to assess whether there is a genuine conflict in terms of protection. It uses the nat

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21

Elci, Ebru, and Cigdem Kuloglu. "The effect of parental education levels on children’s rights knowledge levels and attitude." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 9, no. 4 (2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v9i4.4419.

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The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the attitudes of parents toward children’s rights and educational levels of their parents. The researcher’s universe consists of parents who live in Istanbul and has children between the ages of 6 and 14, and sampling consists of a total of 3100 parents (1550 mothers and 1550 fathers). The data of the study were collected with a Likert type Parent-Child Rights Attitude Scale consisting of 63 items. The scale evaluates the attitudes of the parents toward their children’s rights as two main attitudes, ‘Care and Protection’ and ‘Self

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22

Fayez Ahmed AL-BZOUR, Omar. "JUVENILE RIGHTS IN PALESTINIAN LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 6 (2022): 153–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.20.10.

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This study compares the rights of Juveniles under Palestinian law to those under international treaties. In the Palestinian Children Act, No. 7 of 2004, and Act No. 4 of 2016 on the protection of the juvenile, both of which are compliant with international treaties on children, the Palestinian legislator addresses the rights of children and youth at various levels of criminal proceedings. Additionally, the study demonstrates how Islam, which has a profoundly thorough concern for every aspect of children’s life, upholds the rights of children. At both the international and national levels, the

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23

Peesapati, V., I. Cotton, T. Sorensen, T. Krogh, and N. Kokkinos. "Lightning protection of wind turbines – a comparison of measured data with required protection levels." IET Renewable Power Generation 5, no. 1 (2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2008.0107.

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24

Williams, Justin C., Charles S. ReVelle, and Wenjie Song. "Optimal Reserve Site Selection with Multiple Levels of Protection." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 34, no. 4 (2007): 725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b32081.

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Most prior decision models for nature reserve-site selection have considered just two options for candidate sites: protected or not protected. In many reserve planning contexts this is an artificial and unrealistic limitation, as multiple categories of protection may be possible and desirable, especially if certain conservation elements such as rare species require special protection or management. In this paper we consider the implications of different levels of protection for species conservation and for the selection of reserve sites. New integer programming models are formulated for this p

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25

N.I., Melenchuk, and Prokopenko K.O. "PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF AGGRESSIVENESS." Scientic Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Psychological Sciences, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2021-1-3.

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Purpose. The purpose of this article is to present the results of theoretical and empirical research aimed at studying the features of psychological protection in people with different levels of aggression.Methods. The method “Life Style Index” by R. Plutchyk, G. Kellermann, H. Comte, adapted by L. Wasserman was used to diagnose the mechanisms of psychological protection. The method “Determination of integral forms of communicative aggression” by V. Boyko was used to study of communicative aggression.Results. The results of the correlation analysis between the indicators of the mechanisms of p

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26

Lopert, Ruth, and Deborah Gleeson. "The High Price of “Free” Trade: U.S. Trade Agreements and Access to Medicines." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 1 (2013): 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12014.

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The United States’ pursuit of increasingly TRIPS-Plus levels of intellectual property protection for medicines in bilateral and regional trade agreements is well recognized. Less so, however, are U.S. efforts through these agreements, to directly influence and constrain the pharmaceutical coverage programs of its trading partners. The pursuit of increasing levels of intellectual property (IP) protection in successive bilateral and regional trade agreements has been driven, at least in part, by a U.S. desire to achieve standards of protection it anticipated from the TRIPS Agreement, but failed

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27

Li, Hong Hui, and Xue Liang Fu. "Optimization of -Cycle Placement for Differentiated Levels of Protection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/920564.

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This paper develops a new scalable and efficient model for the design ofp-cycles with the differentiated levels of node protection. The proposed model allows the indicated level of node survivability ranging from 0% to 100%, which could facilitate a carrier offer node-failure survivability (and hence availability) on a differentiated service basis. To designp-cycles, an integer linear program (ILP) is usually formulated with the prerequisite of a prior enumeration of all possiblep-cycle candidates. A huge number of candidates may exist in a large-scale network. Thus, the resulting ILP becomes

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28

Loiseau, Nicolas, Wilfried Thuiller, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, et al. "Maximizing regional biodiversity requires a mosaic of protection levels." PLOS Biology 19, no. 5 (2021): e3001195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001195.

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Protected areas are the flagship management tools to secure biodiversity from anthropogenic impacts. However, the extent to which adjacent areas with distinct protection levels host different species numbers and compositions remains uncertain. Here, using reef fishes, European alpine plants, and North American birds, we show that the composition of species in adjacent Strictly Protected, Restricted, and Non-Protected areas is highly dissimilar, whereas the number of species is similar, after controlling for environmental conditions, sample size, and rarity. We find that between 12% and 15% of

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29

Williams, Suzanne, and Jo Adams. "Patient self-reported adherence levels with joint protection advice." British Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 7, no. 1 (2000): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjtr.2000.7.1.13912.

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30

Ozaki, B. M., E. B. Fernandez, and E. Gudes. "Software fault tolerance in architectures with hierarchical protection levels." IEEE Micro 8, no. 4 (1988): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/40.7770.

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31

Elia, G., A. Cavalli, F. Cirone, et al. "Antibody Levels and Protection to Canine Parvovirus Type 2." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 52, no. 7-8 (2005): 320–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00870.x.

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32

Lugg, Sebastian T., Phillip A. Howells, and David R. Thickett. "Optimal Vitamin D Supplementation Levels for Cardiovascular Disease Protection." Disease Markers 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/864370.

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First described in relation to musculoskeletal disease, there is accumulating data to suggest that vitamin D may play an important role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review we aim to provide an overview of the role of vitamin D status as both a marker of and potentially causative agent of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. The role of vitamin D levels as a disease marker for all-cause mortality is also discussed. We review the current knowledge gathered from experimental studies, observational studies,

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33

Stanczyk, Frank Z., Richard J. Paulson, and Subir Roy. "Percutaneous administration of progesterone: blood levels and endometrial protection." Menopause 12, no. 2 (2005): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042192-200512020-00019.

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34

WAGNER, C. "Estimation of ecotoxicological protection levels from NOEC toxicity data." Water Research 25, no. 10 (1991): 1237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(91)90062-u.

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35

Palkoska, Jürgen, and Hans Christian Meedt. "M-Protection Levels for Safe Application of Shortpulse Lasers." Optik & Photonik 3, no. 4 (2008): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/opph.201190223.

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36

B, Muthmainna, and Ardilla Amra. "Uji pH dan Nilai SPF ( Sun Protecting Factor) Terhadap Krim Sunblock Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.)." Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research 4, no. 1 (2022): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v4i1.13512.

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pH is an important parameter in cosmetic products because it is very high or low pH can caused skin irritation. SPF (Sun Protecting Factor) is a universal indicator that describes the effectiveness of a product or substance that is UV protector. The Moringa plant which has a Latin name called Moringa oleifera or in English it is called a drumstick plant is a plant that is a vegetable that is full of nutrients and has various types of uses. This study aims to determine the pH levels and SPF (Sun Protecting Factor) values contained in the sunblock cream of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera

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37

Villarreal, U. Manuel. "Establishment of reference levels in dental diagnostics." Odontologia (Montevideo) 3 (January 1, 2025): 203. https://doi.org/10.62486/agodonto2025203.

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The initial process for establishing Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) should focus on several key aspects: promoting a culture of safety, training personnel, assigning clear responsibilities, implementing tools and methods for dose assessment, and ensuring adequate regulation and funding by the competent regulatory authority. Although the risk associated with dental radiological examinations is relatively low compared to natural risks, any additional risk, however minimal, is unacceptable if it does not benefit the patient. According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection

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38

Vincent, Kamlini, and Amrita Khatri. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3127.

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It is not as though degradation of environment is only a recent phenomenon. In the past also human activities have resulted in the degradation of environment, though they were not aware of it. Mans impact on the environment has resulted in pollution of environment. The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of people and economic development. Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on organizational levels, for the benefit of the natural environment and human- been. According to section 2 (a) of the enviro

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39

Kamlini, Vincent, and Amrita Khatri. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT." International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9 (Special Edtiion) (2017): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852205.

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It is not as though degradation of environment is only a recent phenomenon. In the past also human activities have resulted in the degradation of environment, though they were not aware of it. Mans impact on the environment has resulted in pollution of environment. The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of people and economic development. Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on organizational levels, for the benefit of the natural environment and human- been. According to section 2 (a) of the enviro

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40

Meurisch, Christian, and Max Mühlhäuser. "Data Protection in AI Services." ACM Computing Surveys 54, no. 2 (2021): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3440754.

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Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shaped today’s user services, enabling enhanced personalization and better support. As such AI-based services inevitably require user data, the resulting privacy implications are de facto the unacceptable face of this technology. In this article, we categorize and survey the cutting-edge research on privacy and data protection in the context of personalized AI services. We further review the different protection approaches at three different levels, namely, the management, system, and AI levels—showing that (i) not all of them meet our identified r

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41

Marciniak, Lubomir. "General earth fault protection for MV networks using wavelet decomposition and Bayesian criterion." E3S Web of Conferences 84 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198402007.

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For selective detection of earth faults in medium voltage networks, the general protection can be used, which unlike individual protections controls earth currents in all lines supplied from the substation. To detect high-resistance and arc faults, it is possible to use in such protections the details from wavelet decomposition of earth currents and the Bayesian conditional probability criterion. The paper presents a protection model using details of earth currents and the Bayesian criterion. Significant parameters of the model were determined: sampling frequency, wavelet types and decompositi

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42

Santana, Ana Paula, Lars Korn, Cornelia Betsch, and Robert Böhm. "Lessons learned about willingness to adopt various protective measures during the early COVID-19 pandemic in three countries." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (2022): e0265892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265892.

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Background Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, concerted efforts have been invested in research to investigate and communicate the importance of complying with protective behaviors, such as handwashing and mask wearing. Protective measures vary in how effective they are in protecting the individual against infection, how much experience people have with them, whether they provide individual or societal protection, and how they are perceived on these dimensions. Methods This study assessed the willingness to follow recommended measures, depending on these features, among participants from Germany

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43

Yurchenko, Yu Yu. "Implementation of the elements of the enterprise protection system." Mathematical machines and systems 2 (2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34121/1028-9763-2023-2-75-81.

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The article defines the main tasks and features of corporate information networks and analyzes the specifics of the corporate network implemented in a medical center. The proposed data protection system at the enterprise is developed on the basis of the Bella-La Padula model since the key provisions of this model are the assignment of special security levels to all participants in the protected data processing process and to the documents in which it is contained. The specified security levels are arranged using the established dominance relationship, and the access control is carried out depe

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44

Stanton, Warren R., Jenny Moffatt, and Alexandra Clavarino. "Community Perceptions of Adequate Levels and Reasons for Skin Protection." Behavioral Medicine 31, no. 1 (2005): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/bmed.31.1.5-17.

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45

Bezusyi, V. V. "LEVELS (TYPES) OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN UKRAINE." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 57, no. 1 (2019): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2307-3322.57-1.27.

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46

Hoesl, Mirka, Klaus Dietz, Martin Röcken, and Mark Berneburg. "Vitamin D levels of XP-patients under stringent sun-protection." European Journal of Dermatology 20, no. 4 (2010): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2010.0968.

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47

Hopkin, S. P. "Ecological Implications of '95% Protection Levels' for Metals in Soil." Oikos 66, no. 1 (1993): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3545206.

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48

Lowder, Sarah K., Raffaele Bertini, and André Croppenstedt. "Poverty, social protection and agriculture: Levels and trends in data." Global Food Security 15 (December 2017): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.06.001.

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49

Hernandez, Colton J., Minal B. Engavale, and Peter A. Keyel. "Dnase1L3 levels from macrophages in providing protection against SLE development." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (2020): 219.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.219.18.

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Abstract A hallmark symptom of SLE is elevated autoantibodies, especially anti-dsDNA antibodies in multiple organs and tissues. Deficiency of Dnase1L3, a serum endonuclease, allows the accumulation of self-DNA leading to autoantibody generation. The source of Dnase1L3 is primarily expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells. Complete Dnase1L3 deficiency is known to promote the SLE phenotype, however, the dosage required to prevent disease onset is unknown. We hypothesize that macrophages provide sufficient Dnase1L3 expression to regulate autoantibody levels in the host’s system. We generated

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50

Fink, Daniel. "Fiftieth anniversary of the Environmental Protection Agency's “noise levels” monograph." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 156, no. 4_Supplement (2024): A44—A45. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0035049.

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In 1974, as mandated by Congress in the Noise Control Act of 1972, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety. The Foreword stated, “not all of the scientific work that is required for basing such levels of environmental noise on precise objective factors has been completed…Nonetheless, there is information available from which extrapolations are possible and about which reasoned judgments can be made.” Based on then-available science, the EPA calculated that the noise level

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