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1

Maia, R. "Portuguese–Spanish river basins: bilateral agreements' evolution and context." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (2000): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0318.

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The main aim of the Portuguese–Spanish active bilateral international rivers Conventions (1964 and 1968) was to rule on the sharing of water and hydroelectric potential production of bordering river stretches. The new “Convention on Cooperation for Portuguese–Spanish River Basins Protection and Sustainable Use”, signed by the two governments but still to be ratified, envisages co-ordinating efforts on shared river basins management, aiming to attain improved risk prevention and ecosystem protection on those basins, respecting modern principles of international law. An analysis of the new Portu
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2

Yogesh, Renwal, and Uniyal Harish. "Evaluation of Feasibility of Interlinking of Rivers for Environmental Protection." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1, no. 6 (2017): 418–21. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd3545.

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Interlinking of Rivers aims to link Indias major river system by a network of reservoirs and canals so as to reduce persistent floods in some parts and water deficit in other parts of the country. The proposal is broadly categorized into three parts viz. the Northern Himalayan Rivers inter link , the Southern Peninsular and an Intra State Rivers linking componenst. The project is being studied by NWDA, under MWR. India receives about 4,000 through rainfall from June to mid September. Moreover it is not uniform in space and time, results floods in one part and droughts in other. This geographic
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3

Ayzhan, Zhatkanbaeva, Jangabulova Arаilym, Aydarkhanova Kulyash, Baimakhanova Dina, and Zhao Haifeng. "THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ENSURING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF WATER BODIES IN TRANSBOUNDARY BASINS." BULLETIN 5, no. 387 (2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.146.

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Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of priority areas of international cooperation in the field of ensuring environmental safety of transboundary water bodies. The authors of the article indicated such areas of environmental safety as: Water-energy problem of the Central Asian countries; impact of climate change on water; Aral ecological crisis and its consequences for the natural environment of the Central Asian region. The authors of the article made recommendations on eliminating the environmental problems of transboundary water bodies. It is proposed to sign fundamental docume
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4

Baca, Bart J., and Charles D. Getter. "FRESHWATER OIL SPILL CONSIDERATIONS: PROTECTION AND CLEANUP." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (1985): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-385.

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ABSTRACT Oil spills occurring in freshwater (and upper estuarine) environments produce different effects than similar spills in marine environments, and thus require different considerations in protection and cleanup. Freshwater spills are primarily land- or river-based, and retention time of the oil in the environment takes one of two extremes, either very brief or very long. As in the marine environment, spills in marshes (predominantly grasses and sedges) are generally most destructive, especially when marshes have little or no flushing. The return of the marsh to a natural state is depende
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Pandey, Smita, Sapna Bansal, Abhijeet Vasmatkar, and Yogesh Dharangutti. "Wetland protection and Ramsar Convention – an empirical study of wetlands in Bihar, India." E3S Web of Conferences 632 (2025): 01031. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202563201031.

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India with its varied topography and climatic conditions is a home to unique wetland habitats. Natural wetlands- high-altitude Himalayan lakes and flood plains of major rivers, Temporary wetlands- coral reefs, mangrove swamps, backwaters, estuaries, lagoons, and marine wetlands. Inland water, at global level accounts for 0.01% which sustains the biodiversity. The present research paper is about study conducted in wetlands of North Bihar- Kabar Tal. In North Bihar, Gangetic plain undergoes flooding, channel avulsions, and subsequent sedimentation and wetlands are created through meandering acti
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Cao, Y. J., and G. Qiao. "THE YARLUNG ZANGBO RIVER EXTRACTION AND CHANGE DETECTION BASED ON LANDSAT SERIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (September 14, 2017): 1503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-1503-2017.

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Yarlung Zangbo River is one of the most important rivers in the southwest river source area, it is the longest plateau river in China, the cradle of the birth and development of Tibet civilization, and also an international water system. It is of great significance to study its water resources utilization and water environment protection. This paper compared different river extraction methods, including the normalized difference water index, multi-band spectral correlation threshold method, maximum likelihood classification method and object-oriented classification method, based on Landsat ima
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7

Ibrahim Hachim NKHELA, Suheir. "PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES, ESPECIALLY WATER." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (2021): 388–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.4-3.37.

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Environmental hazards are not considered a national problem that stops at the state’s borders only, but has become a regional and global issue that poses a direct threat to human survival all over the world as a whole. It requires the global community to provide environmental human rights and all the ingredients for sustainable development, especially clean air, clean fresh water, healthy food, and preserving natural resources for future generations. The water problem topped the list of environmental threats, as most countries of the world suffer from a severe shortage of water levels, diminis
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8

Douglas, Michael M., Stuart E. Bunn, and Peter M. Davies. "River and wetland food webs in Australia's wet - dry tropics: general principles and implications for management." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04084.

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The tropical rivers of northern Australia have received international and national recognition for their high ecological and cultural values. Unlike many tropical systems elsewhere in the world and their temperate Australian counterparts, they have largely unmodified flow regimes and are comparatively free from the impacts associated with intensive land use. However, there is growing demand for agricultural development and existing pressures, such as invasive plants and feral animals, threaten their ecological integrity. Using the international literature to provide a conceptual framework and
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9

JANMAAT, JOHANNUS, and ARJAN RUIJS. "Sharing the load? Floods, droughts, and managing international rivers." Environment and Development Economics 12, no. 4 (2007): 573–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07003701.

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Rivers can be both givers of life and takers of life. Investments that provide protection against flooding are often beneficial during normal or low flows. Investments such as storage reservoirs are long lived, separating construction and management operations. With international rivers, the absence of enforcement mechanisms may preclude infrastructure collaboration. Where physical infrastructure is in an upstream nation, downstream impacts may be ignored after the structure has been completed. Using a game theoretic model, it is shown that downstream cooperation may only be rational when floo
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10

McIntyre, O. "Environmental Protection of International Rivers: Case Concerning the Cabcikovo--Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia)." Journal of Environmental Law 10, no. 1 (1998): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/10.1.79.

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11

Xie, Lei, Lu Xu, and Qi Yu. "Benefit sharing in international rivers: A Q-methodology study of regional understanding and perception in Asia." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (2023): e0280625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280625.

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This study aims to identify and examine the different perception of benefit sharing in the sharing of international rivers in China, South Asia and Southeast Asia. Using the Q-Method, this study undertakes an in-depth analysis of the views of 35 experts of the field on hydrodiplomacy, international water law, benefit sharing and ecological benefits compensation. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis help to innovatively identify three streams of views among the participants, respectively described as supporters, idealists and pragmatists, each displaying strong geographical
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12

Strat, Daniela, and Iuliana Florentina Gheorghe. "Conservation Status and Effectiveness of the National and International Policies for the Protection and Conservation of Sturgeons in the Danube River and Black Sea Basin." Diversity 15, no. 4 (2023): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15040568.

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Rivers and their watersheds have been subject to various changes, including biodiversity, caused by anthropogenic activities. The Danube River and Black Sea basin overlap the geographic range of six species of anadromous fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. Nowadays, they are endangered or at risk of extinction in the wild due to fragmentation and destruction of natural habitats, blocking their migration to spawning grounds, water pollution, and poaching. This paper presents a review of the historical and current distribution and evolution of the sturgeon populations of sturgeon species
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13

Razali, Farah Asyiqin, and Mohd Fairullazi Ayob. "APPRAISAL OF COST-EFFECTIVE APPROACHES FOR THE PUSU RIVER REHABILITATION." Journal of Architecture, Planning and Construction Management 12, no. 2 (2022): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/japcm.v12i2.669.

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The Pusu River and its tributaries that flow through the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Gombak campus have been suffering from river pollution for years. Hence, one of the efforts that can be made to address this issue is the rehabilitation of polluted rivers. Since the cost of treating the polluted rivers is high, proper measures to rehabilitate the Pusu River are important. Consequently, a study was conducted to identify and propose suitable approaches to rehabilitate the Pusu River, IIUM Gombak. The present study also focuses on the costs associated with rehabilitation wor
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14

Da-ming, He, and Liu Xiu-juan. "Equitable utilisation and effective protection of sharing transboundary water resources: international rivers of western China." Journal of Geographical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2001): 490–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02837978.

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15

Bugarski, Tatjana, Bojan Tubic, and Milana Pisaric. "International legal protection of the river Danube." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 51, no. 1 (2017): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns51-12847.

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16

Muradov, P. Z., L. A. Aliyeva, S. I. Aliyeva, V. K. Isayeva, G. M. Hasanova, and S. A. Abdulayeva. "Water resources of Azerbaijan and biosecurity." Advanced Studies in Biology 17, no. 1 (2025): 37–46. https://doi.org/10.12988/asb.2025.92015.

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In the presented work summarizes information about the water resources of Azerbaijan based on literature data, and it is justified that the efficient use of water resources, both in the world and in Azerbaijan, which is part of it, is a problem that needs to be solved, but is still waiting to be solved. Thus, the problems faced by the world's population today include water, primarily freshwater scarcity, and today this issue has a global character. As a part of the world, this problem has a more serious impact in the Republic of Azerbaijan, due to the fact that a certain territory of the count
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17

Dehodyuk, Eduard, Stanislav Dehodyuk, and Natalya Buslaeva. "Innovative approaches to risk management in nature and land use and their optimization." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 20 (November 2019): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.20.2019.12.

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Subject of research-theoretical and practical justification of risk managementfor climate change based on basin approach. The purpose of the article is to establish ecological equilibrium in the basins of small rivers of Ukraine through asystematic approach to the complex carrying out of nature-related works, agro-,chemo-, bio- and phyto-melioration in the small rivers basins. Methodology of work- system-structural and comparative analysis (for the definition of innovative approaches in environmental protection) as a landfill (in the determined cost of landfor optimizing land relations). Model
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18

DEVLIN, ROBERT. "Canje de deuda por naturaleza: la necesid de una nueva agenda." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 13, no. 3 (1993): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31571993-0660.

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ABSTRACT Debt for nature swaps generally involve significant fiscal costs. As for the benefits for the developing country and its government, they are potentially ambiguous. The projects financed by the swaps typically involve the protection of exotic flora and fauna in which a considerable part of the social returns is externalized to the rest of the world. This, coupled with high social rates of discount in crisis-ridden developing countries, could mean that the benefits accrued to the international community actually end up exceeding those perceived by the population at large in debtor coun
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19

Darejan Margalitashvili, Salome Omiadze, Sesili Beriashvili, et al. "The influence of ecochemical and ecotoxicological factors on the water of the Kisishkevi River." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.2.3309.

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This study examines the ecochemical and ecotoxicological conditions of the Kisishkevi River's water. The research was conducted in compliance with normative documents. For chemical analysis, both qualitative chemical experiments and mobile water quality analyzers, adhering to international standards, were employed. The results were evaluated in accordance with Georgia's environmental protection regulations. Parameters such as pH, mineralization, and dissolved oxygen were found to be within the permissible concentration limits for surface water, remaining within acceptable norms. However, in tw
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20

Darejan, Margalitashvil, Omiadze Salome, Beriashvili Sesili, et al. "The influence of ecochemical and ecotoxicological factors on the water of the Kisishkevi River." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 24, no. 2 (2024): 420–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15076205.

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This study examines the ecochemical and ecotoxicological conditions of the Kisishkevi River's water. The research was conducted in compliance with normative documents. For chemical analysis, both qualitative chemical experiments and mobile water quality analyzers, adhering to international standards, were employed. The results were evaluated in accordance with Georgia's environmental protection regulations. Parameters such as pH, mineralization, and dissolved oxygen were found to be within the permissible concentration limits for surface water, remaining within acceptable norms. However, in tw
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21

Tian, Chen, Zhixian Sun, Yutian Fang, et al. "Fish Diversity in a Little-Known Border River Between China, North Korea, and Russia, According to Traditional and eDNA Surveys." Diversity 16, no. 11 (2024): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16110704.

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The Tumen River, which delineates the border between China, North Korea, and Russia, is a vital river in Northeast Asia. Understanding its current fish diversity holds significant scientific value for aquatic ecological protection. Therefore, traditional and eDNA sampling were conducted from 2022 to 2023. Integrating the historical literature with our field collection results reveals that the Tumen River has a total of 64 native fish species, of which 51 species have been surveyed in the wild. The fish composition is mainly dominated by cold-water species, with a high proportion of these being
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22

Rodrigues, José Noronha, Sumanta Bhattacharya, Dora Cristina Ribeiro Cabete, and Ardyllis Alves Soares. "Water diplomacy: an important tool for climate change mitigation and sustainable development." Revista de Direito Econômico e Socioambiental 16, no. 1 (2025): e297. https://doi.org/10.7213/rev.dir.econ.soc.v16i1.32125.

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A key instrument for combating climate change, preserving the environment and promoting sustainable development is water diplomacy. For this reason, in this article, the authors look at the various aspects of water diplomacy, including international collaboration, cross-border water protection, data exchange, ecological protection, flood management and global food security. Given that water transcends borders, the authors address various agreements concluded between countries to manage rivers, lakes and basins of groundwater common to several nations, requiring international cooperation and di
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23

Pirker, Benedikt. "Tobacco Regulation, International Investment Arbitration and the Fragmentation of International Law – The Grand River Enterprises Case." European Journal of Risk Regulation 2, no. 2 (2011): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00001252.

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In the recent Grand River Enterprises case, United States public health regulations on protection from tobacco products successfully withstood a challenge by Canadian Native American investors under NAFTA chapter 11 arbitration. The arbitrators carefully weighed the investors’ rights and the regulatory freedom of the host state under the NAFTA rules. The treatment of other norms of international law on the protection of indigenous peoples, however, merits some criticism.
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Xu, Ting, Baisha Weng, Denghua Yan, et al. "Wetlands of International Importance: Status, Threats, and Future Protection." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (2019): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101818.

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The 2303 Wetlands of International Importance distribute unevenly in different continents. Europe owns the largest number of sites, while Africa has the largest area of sites. More than half of the sites are affected by three or four impact factors (55%). The most significant impact factors are pollution (54%), biological resources use (53%), natural system modification (53%), and agriculture and aquaculture (42%). The main affected objects are land area and environment of the wetlands, occurred in 75% and 69% of the sites, respectively. The types most affected by land area occupation are rive
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ابراهيم محمد احمد, Ibrahim Ahmed Mahmoud. "International Legal Protection Of International Rivers And Their Use For Non-Navigational Purposes, The "Nile River" الحماية القانونية الدولية للأنهار الدولية واستخدامها في الأغراض غير الملاحية " نهر النيل "". International Journal of Advanced Research on Law and Governance 2, № 2 (2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijarlg.2020.199458.

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26

Mielnik, Barbara. "Developments in the International Protection of the River Rhine." Wroclaw Review of Law, Administration & Economics 8, no. 2 (2018): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wrlae-2018-0055.

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27

Balatonyi, Laszlo, and Tomasz Zwęgliński. "Flood Forecasting and Disaster Risk Management – a Case Study of Danube River." Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 2, no. 80 (2021): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6472.

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The Danube and its tributaries have been crossing mountains and plains in their almost unchanged riverbeds for thousands of years, regardless of national and administrative boundaries. Nevertheless, even decades ago, several countries provided access to only limited data and information concerning the water level and flood protection status of their rivers. In recent years, information was exchanged mainly on the basis of bilateral agreements and on successful activities of basin-wide organizations, but for others, information could only be obtained by browsing the Internet, which is sometimes
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McIntyre, Owen. "International Water Law’s Role in Addressing the Problem of Marine Plastic Pollution: A Vital Piece in a Complex Puzzle!" Chinese Journal of Environmental Law 6, no. 2 (2022): 218–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340086.

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Abstract The management and protection of water resources, and thus the practice of water law, is absolutely central to every aspect of human well-being. This is as true at the international level as at the domestic level. Water pervades every area of human activity and connects almost every form of pollution and environmental harm. This truism is clearly illustrated by the highly topical problem of marine plastic pollution (MPP) which, though it concerns the ubiquitous use and eventual accumulation in the marine environment of a broad category of environmentally persistent synthetic materials
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Gupta, Nishikant, Prakash Nautiyal, Atul Borgohain, K. Sivakumar, Vinod B. Mathur, and Michael A. Chadwick. "Catch-and-release angling as a management tool for freshwater fish conservation in India." Oryx 50, no. 2 (2014): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000787.

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AbstractMahseer are popularly regarded by anglers as the king of freshwater fishes, and are valued across the Himalayan and South-east Asian regions. In India, mahseer are important game fish. Mahseer populations and their habitats face a range of anthropogenic threats, however, including unregulated fishing and habitat fragmentation as a result of hydro-development projects. Catch-and-release angling for mahseer attracts both national and international anglers and could provide information about rivers while generating revenue for regional economies. In this context, we evaluated catch-and-re
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Vukasovic, Vid. "International legal regulation of protection and sustainable use of water courses." Medjunarodni problemi 58, no. 1-2 (2006): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0602157v.

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The article deals with international legal regulation of protection and sustainable use of watercourses with special reference to the Sava River Basin. This regulation is considerably developed on universal, regional and sub regional international levels by a substantial number of declaratory treaty and other acts dealing with the subject. In case of the river Sava the basic frame for regulation is on the European level: the documents concerning the Danube River as a whole, and particularly the Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin. The author stresses that adoption and ratification of t
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Houart, Carlota. "Reimagining international relations in times of ecological crisis: A dialogue on multispecies justice." Relações Internacionais, Special Issue 2023 (December 2023): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23906/ri2023.sia02.

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This article departs from a political ecology perspective to build a critique against the predominant anthropocentrism in international relations. It argues that the acknowledgement of the agency of non-human beings, and their inclusion and representation in political decision-making processes, is not only essential to create socioecological sustainability in the multispecies communities that we are all part of, but that it is also, fundamentally, a matter of justice. The article introduces the concept of multispecies justice as a possible ally in a dialogue for the reimagining of internationa
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Ungvári, Gábor. "Combining Flood Risk Mitigation and Carbon Sequestration to Optimize Sustainable Land Management Schemes: Experiences from the Middle-Section of Hungary’s Tisza River." Land 11, no. 7 (2022): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11070985.

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The record floods experienced along the Tisza River between 1998 and 2001 brought a paradigm shift in infrastructural solutions for flood protection. A flood peak polder system was built for transient water storage without any substantial change in land use in the polders, despite the potential to do so under the new scheme. The recent improvement of quantified flood risk assessment methodologies and stronger foundations for the valuation of carbon sequestration benefits now provide more information on the magnitude of missed opportunities and the potential for comprehensive land use and flood
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Ruchay, Dietrich. "Living with water: Rhine River basin management." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (1995): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0255.

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Protecting the River Rhine always means dealing with a complex international system of environment, economic and transport policy problems. About 50 million people live and work in the Rhine catchment area. Since 1950 the governments of Switzerland, France, Germany, Luxembourg and The Netherlands have co-operated in the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine against Pollution (ICPR). So far, three phases characterize this co-operation. During the first phase up to the mid-seventies joint work was developed and organised, learning processes about national efforts took place an
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Tian, Chen, Lei Fang, Xuejian Li, et al. "Non-native fish of the Upper Irtysh and the Ulungur Rivers in China." Biodiversity Data Journal 11 (January 17, 2023): e97884. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e97884.

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The Chinese section of the Irtysh River Basin and the Ulungur River Basin, two major river basins of the Altay region, are located at the northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. As an international river, the Chinese section has seven state-level protected fish and seven local-level protected species as well. Many more commercial species have been introduced from eastern China and other countries, accompanied by some low-value and small-sized fish in recent decades. The non-native fish species have already threatened these protected fish. This study investigated the distributio
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Bravničar, Jernej, Anja Palandačić, Simona Sušnik Bajec, and Aleš Snoj. "Neotype designation for Thymallus aeliani Valenciennes, 1848 from a museum topotype specimen and its affiliation with Adriatic grayling on the basis of mitochondrial DNA." ZooKeys 999 (November 30, 2020): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.56636.

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In 1848, the grayling Thymallus aeliani (Valenciennes) was described from Lake Maggiore, Italy, in the north Adriatic basin. Genetic analyses of the mitochondrial control region showed a unique evolutionary history of grayling inhabiting the rivers of northern Adriatic basin, from the upper reaches of the Po River and its left tributaries in the west to the Soča River in the east, which resulted in the designation of this phylogenetic lineage as Adriatic grayling. Consequently, the name T. aeliani was connected to the Adriatic lineage, re-establishing the validity of this taxon. However, the m
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Bravničar, Jernej, Anja Palandačić, Simona Sušnik Bajec, and Aleš Snoj. "Neotype designation for Thymallus aeliani Valenciennes, 1848 from a museum topotype specimen and its affiliation with Adriatic grayling on the basis of mitochondrial DNA." ZooKeys 999 (November 30, 2020): 165–78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.999.56636.

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In 1848, the grayling Thymallus aeliani (Valenciennes) was described from Lake Maggiore, Italy, in the north Adriatic basin. Genetic analyses of the mitochondrial control region showed a unique evolutionary history of grayling inhabiting the rivers of northern Adriatic basin, from the upper reaches of the Po River and its left tributaries in the west to the Soča River in the east, which resulted in the designation of this phylogenetic lineage as Adriatic grayling. Consequently, the name T. aeliani was connected to the Adriatic lineage, re-establishing the validity of this taxon. However, the m
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37

Hupfeld, Ryan N., and Quinton E. Phelps. "Timely Events in Their Interrelation to Paddlefish and Sturgeon Harvest from 1945-2010." Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science 46, no. 2018 (2018): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30956/mas-07.

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Abstract Due to the high amounts of harvest of natural fish populations, overexploitation can occur and subsequently lead to depleted fisheries. This is especially true for commercially exploited roe-bearing species that exhibit late age at maturation and intermittent spawning. Overexploitation can create an imbalance in natural ecosystem function and in turn jeopardize the livelihood of commercial fishers. Despite the problems created by overexploitation, trends of commercial harvest on large inland river roe-bearing populations have received minimal attention. As such, we evaluated trends in
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38

Ward, Frank A. "Forging sustainable transboundary water-sharing agreements: barriers and opportunities." Water Policy 15, no. 3 (2012): 386–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.003.

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Few international water-sharing agreements have shown the flexibility to adjust to extended drought; fewer still provide safeguards for adaptation to modern climate variability. Yet, current conflicts over the development and use of transboundary rivers continue to motivate the search for negotiated water-sharing arrangements that can provide flexibility in the face of change. To avoid future conflicts, an agreement must include measures that allow for adaptation to changes in water supplies, population, climate, technology, infrastructure, and economic activity while also guiding water use pa
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Shilnikova, Irina Veniaminovna. "“URBAN REHABILITATION IN RUSSIA BROOKS NO DELAY”: STATE AND SOCIETY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST RIVERS POLLUTION AT THE END OF THE 19th — EARLY 20th CENTURIES." LOMONOSOV HISTORY JOURNAL 64, no. 2023, №6 (2024): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0083-8-2023-64-6-68-90.

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At the turn of the 19th and20th centuries, the growth of urban population and development of urban infrastructure were accompanied by the emergence of environmental problems, including the increase of river pollution, which might cause water supply diffi culties. The central and local authorities, as well as representatives of various public, scientific, professional organizations and business circles, were involved in solving these problems. The order of their interaction could be diff erent, but these joint projects made it possible to achieve the best results in combating river pollution ca
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Preradovic, Gordana. "Cooperation between reparian states on issues of utilization and protection of international watercourses with reference to activities of the Sava Commission." Medjunarodni problemi 66, no. 1-2 (2014): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1402183p.

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The paper analyses all forms of cooperation between states, which is essential when it comes to the matters of management, utilisation and protection of international watercourses. The most common way of cooperation is the establishment and action of international river commissions. Other forms of cooperation are manifested by holding of mutual consultations and providing notifications on relevant facts and circumstances for specific watercourse as well as by joint monitoring and evaluation of the conditions and data which are relevant for the prevention of causing damages to another state. In
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Sommerwerk, Nike, Jürg Bloesch, Momir Paunović, et al. "Managing the world's most international river: the Danube River Basin." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 7 (2010): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf09229.

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Transboundary river-basin management is a challenging task emerging from lack of on-site expert knowledge, high administrative and socioeconomic complexity, various stakeholder interests, and difficulties enforcing international and national law. Therefore, an efficient ‘science–policy interface’ is a crucial ingredient for the successful development and implementation of adequate management strategies. The Danube River Basin (DRB) drains areas of 19 countries with different cultural, political, and environmental legacies. The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) has provided the guiding l
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Grabic, Jasna. "Wetlands in Serbia: Past, present and future." Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 11, no. 1 (2024): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2024.11.1.19.

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Within the territory of the Republic of Serbia, most wetland areas are situated in the north of the state. This is predominantly because of relief features which comprise lowland terrain intersected by the alluvial plains of large rivers such as the Danube, Tisza and Sava. The area also represents the southern part of the Pannonian plain. Extensive works on land reclamation – drainage of wetlands and canalizing rivers, contributed to the formation of large plots of fertile arable land – cultural steppe. Whereas in the 18th century, wetlands were covering 50% of the territory, nowadays remainin
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Schmid-Breton, Adrian, Gesa Kutschera, Ton Botterhuis, and The ICPR Expert Group ‘Flood Risk Analysis’ (EG HIRI). "A Novel Method for Evaluation of Flood Risk Reduction Strategies: Explanation of ICPR FloRiAn GIS-Tool and Its First Application to the Rhine River Basin." Geosciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8100371.

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To determine the effects of measures on flood risk, the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR), supported by the engineering consultant HKV has developed a method and a GIS-tool named “ICPR FloRiAn (Flood Risk Analysis)”, which enables the broad-scale assessment of the effectiveness of flood risk management measures on the Rhine, but could be also applied to other rivers. The tool uses flood hazard maps and associated recurrence periods for an overall damage and risk assessment for four receptors: human health, environment, culture heritage, and economic activity. For
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Petrovic, Milos. "Heading forward to the "Mura-Drava-Danube transboundary biosphere reserve"." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 147 (2014): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1447267p.

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At ministry assembly in Budapest in March 2011, republics such as Austria, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia and Serbia, were signatories of common Declaration on the preparation of the establishment of the ?Mura - Drava - Danube Transboundary Biosphere Reserve?(MDD-TBR). Even though this document does not have obligatory character for states that signed it, this declaration represents the obvious course these states will follow in order to improve their cooperation. Beside political, economic, cultural and other well developed forms of cooperation, a multilateral cooperation emerges within the areas
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Nekos, Alla, Mariia Boiaryn, Zoya Karpyuk, Larisa Kotsun, Valentina Andreyeva, and Maria Lugowska. "Evaluation of the efficiency of functioning of the nature reserve fund in the Pripet river basin in the Volyn region." Visnyk of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series Geology. Geography. Ecology, no. 60 (June 1, 2024): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2024-60-29.

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Introduction. Considerable attention of scientists at the current stage of development of society is given to the theory of formation and assessment of the state of the nature reserve network and its ability to ensure biodiversity. The upper part of the Pripet River basin in the Volyn region is marked by various nature-reserved objects that belong to the pan-European, national and regional eco-networks. The objective of the work is the assessment and territorial distribution of NRF within the Pripet River basin in Volyn. Methods. The research used a complex and systematic approach, as well as
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Yujin, Yang. "The Study on China-ASEAN Cooperation under “the Belt and Road” Initiative." Advances in Politics and Economics 6, no. 4 (2023): p51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v6n4p51.

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Since “the Belt and Road” initiative was proposed ten years ago, ASEAN has always been a priority region. China and Southeast Asian countries, adhering to the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, have made significant achievements in political consultation, economic cooperation, cultural exchanges, environmental protection, and other aspects. In the new international political and economic situation, both sides are facing challenges from factors such as intervention from foreign powers, political uncertainty within ASEAN countries, competition for econo
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T.V., Sathe, and Patil R.N. "Conservation, Protection and Utilization Strategies for Amphibians from Satara District of Maharashtra including Ghats." Biolife 4, no. 1 (2022): 189–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7313368.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Amphibians are specialized for living in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems but, they are facing more difficulties in both systems due to pollutions, climatic change and interference of man to natural habitats of amphibians. Therefore, conservation, protection and utilization strategies of amphibians have been studied from Satara district especially, from the river sides of Koyna and Krishna. In-situ and ex-situ strategies have been given in the paper.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Key words :</strong> Amphibians, conservation, protection, utility, Koyna &amp; Krishna riv
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Andreas, Kunzmann, and Samsuardi. "A Century of Change in an Indonesian Coral Reef: Sluiter's Brandewijnsbaai (1890) Revisited." Annual Research & Review in Biology 13, no. 3 (2017): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2017/33487.

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Corals of Terlena Island were first mentioned more than 125 years ago, when Sluiter in 1890 came up with a new theory of initial reef development. Our aim was to re-visit the reef, investigate the coral community and environmental conditions, identify dominating species and compare the present and past situation. Today the island is part of the international port Teluk Bayur and hosts only few, but unique assemblages of corals, including the first record of <em>Oulastrea crispata</em> from West Sumatra. This localized coral community is due to special environmental and anthropological conditio
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ELLIS, JAYE. "Extraterritorial Exercise of Jurisdiction for Environmental Protection: Addressing Fairness Concerns." Leiden Journal of International Law 25, no. 2 (2012): 397–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156512000106.

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AbstractTeck v. Pakootas revisits the infamous Trail smelter, which made history in public international law. This more recent case should be set to make history as well, due to the manner in which the issue of extraterritorial exercise of jurisdiction was handled. The substantive result reached in the courts seems fair, reasonable, and appropriate: a notorious polluter, Teck Cominco Metals Inc., is called to account by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and required to study the feasibility of cleaning up a site it contaminated by dumping effluents in a transboundary river over
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HARAHAP, Anwar Sadat, Hardi MULYONO, Ahmad laut HASIBUAN, and Taufik SIREGAR. "South Batak Tradition for the Settlement of Environmental Disputes: A Tumbaga Holing Letter Model." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 7 (2021): 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v12.7(55).07.

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In recent years, there has been a lot of environmental destruction caused by human activities, such as: dumping garbage into rivers, lakes, seas, public roads and others. A series of environmental crimes arise because less firm of existing legal regulation on environmental protection. To seek the new model of environmental protection, an empirical research method with a normative juridical approach and a socio-legal approach were applied. The results of the study show that the South Batak community, based on intangible heritage, has a convention to protect nature and people from disaster and S
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