Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protection pénale de l'environnement'
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Blanc, Marjorie. "Les réponses pénales aux atteintes à l'environnement." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0079.
Full textTraditionally, the human being has acted on nature to develop its living environment. This behaviour can have bad effects on the environment, so that the idea of protecting it gradually came into the collective consciousness. The French legislature thus developed an important arsenal of laws among which we can find penal provisions made to sanction those who damage environment. But the penal system, while necessary, should not be the only answer to the environment attacks. It must be linked with other mechanisms, such as civil liability, and that in order to allow, among others, the repair of the ecological damage. Criminal law for the environment as it is implemented today is not satisfactory. It suffers from flaws that affect its efficiency. The present works try to find a remedy for this situation
Boudry, Pascale. "L'adéquation de la solution pénale aux problèmes soulevés par la protection de l'environnement : l'exemple du Languedoc." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10025.
Full textIt is interesting to speculate as to wether penal legislation, concerning the protection of the environment, constitutes nowadays a group of texts which, even if they are not structured, at least follow a common thread. To question the application of this legislation in the criminal courts is also to envisage the way in which it "could" be applied. The study of the elaboration and application of this legislation can also give rise to taking a standpoint with regard to the texts considered. Finally, placing oneself in the context of criminal policies, one can widen this former field of observation. Knowing that the penal solution is indeed only one of the many possible answers to the behaviour in question within a coherent criminal policy, it is necessary to envisage the altenatives which could be looked at. This is where the results of a survey made en a specific regional area, the languedoc, over a period of six years, appear. What is more, it was possible to make precise comparisons berween this region and rhone-alpes, where similar surveys were done within the framework of researches made by the c. N. R. S. (centre national de recherches scientifiques) at the request of the ministry of the environment
Bannelier, Christakis Karine. "La protection de l'environnement en temps de conflit armé." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010331.
Full textCourtaigne-Deslandes, Coralie. "L'adéquation du droit pénal à la protection de l'environnement." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020044.
Full textVeillard, Isabelle. "Prévenir les nouveaux risques : Essai d'une approche globale pour la protection des personnes et de l'environnement." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010292.
Full textLasmoles, Olivier. "La gestion des risques maritimes environnementaux : contribution au renforcement de la protection de l'environnement marin." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010261/document.
Full textThe impact of the maritime catastrophes of recent years such as Erika, Prestige, and Deepwater Horizon, has confirmed the concerns regarding marine pollution, both with the general public and political decision-makers. Has no lesson been learned from these events? Calls for greater awareness for environmental protection have had little impact on the practices of transporters and shipowners. Violations of the marine environment must be halted as soon as possible, using suitable and effective methods. Maritime law, which relates to navigation by sea, is no longer able to protect the environment because it is based on principles of civil responsibility. Changes in obligations suggest that this should be replaced by principles derived from common law on the environment, based on criminal responsibility. In the first part, the identification of maritime risks, both old and contemporary, demonstrates that in spite of some developments in technology and an increase in its complexity, it remains fundamentally identical, with the backdrop of the sailor, the navigator, acting within the framework of an organization. In the second part, the analysis of the treatment of technical risks demonstrates, firstly, the capacity of maritime law to reform, taking the lead from good practice derived from the offshore industry. Secondly, the analysis of legal risks confirms that maritime law, in spite of its imperfections, has the resources to reform and respond to contemporary expectations in environmental matters
Silva, Monica Paraguassu Correia da. "Terre, foyer de l'humanité : le mouvement de construction de la politique criminelle de protection de l'environnement et de la qualité de vie : une étude comparative (France et États-Unis)." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010333.
Full textVan, Bosterhaudt Patrice. "La norme pénale pour lutter contre les atteintes à la nature : vers la reconnaissance d'une valeur essentielle." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOD006.
Full textWith the gradual advent of the industrial era, human activity has weighed more negatively on the balance of natural environments. This was followed by the gradual construction of a very repressive law for environment, intended to combat prejudice against nature, but chronically prepared on the very bases of administrative police, a seated concept on the basis of a resolutely disciplinary law, structurally and morally insufficient to reveal an essential value. Tort, as well as environmental liability regime aim to invent new legal concepts in order to redress the damage to nature, but they reveal many limitations.In this context, the criminal standard, meant to be especially utilitarian, is both an auxiliary of administrative right and an auxiliary of remedial standards, and remains without influence in bringing out the real value of the protected interest.It is such an analysis that the protection of nature, as an essential value, may be used only by recourse to an effective criminal law established on the bases of ethical foundations understood and accepted by everybody. This thesis of law fits into a forward-looking approach that would contribute to such an outcome by trying to rethink and restructure the special criminal law of the environment so as to offer the repressive judge the opportunity to exercise a true value judgment on self-destructive and now recognized violations of mankind itself
Ollard, Romain. "La protection pénale du patrimoine." Bordeaux 4, 2008. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247091782.
Full textBreaking with tradition, french criminal law ensures the protection of property from a purely judicial point of view, and not from an economic one. As the basis for the protection of property, only infrigement of property rights justifies the intervention of criminal law, regerdless of the existence of a financial loss suffered by the victim. First of alla, as far as the area of criminal protection is concerned, it would appear that criminal law does not protect all the rights which constitute the property assets of the victim. Focussing on the sole property rights considered worthy of protection, independent of all consideration related to their economic value, criminal law prortects property law as a social value, as opposed to an element of the victim's property. If one then takes into account the regime of criminal protection, infringement of property rights is established as a result of offences against goods. Indifferent to the victim's financial loss, but always centred on a breach of property rights - the damage - the offence against property protects it from a purely judicial angle. Criminal law thus emphasises the particularity of its role, which is to protect public order. To accept a breach of the economic integrity of property as a trigger for criminal responsability would consequently set criminal law on the wrong track. If a financial conception of a property offence prevailed at a time when civil and criminal law were imperfectly distinguishable, criminal law should not, due to its own finality, remain tied to this type of subjective consideration
Combe, Marion. "La protection pénale de l'information." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0027.
Full textInformation is omnipresent in the modern world. Its supports, its modes of spreading, but also the means to harm it never stop diversifying. Criminal law cannot ignore these evolutions. A criminal law approach to the protection of some information has existed for a long time, especially through the use of secrecy. The aim is now to measure the reach and efficiency of this protection, to understand its mechanisms and to underline its incoherencies, especially in the light of the technological evolutions that continually renew its problematic. First of all, it seems that protection of information is incoherent. The criminal matter in this field is obsolete, focusing on a multifaceted protection, because it is imbued with insufficient concepts, of a huge variety and not much theorised; Criminal law is unable to understand the concept of information that is intrinsically immaterial and of a great mobility, which confers to it rather vague borders. Beyond concepts, such a negative statement can be observed in a concrete and practical way in a basic and fundamental field : the criminal protection of information related to the private sphere. Thus, these many inconsistencies are not satisfying. They therefore justified reflection of a rational improvement of the criminal protection of information, in order to increase its efficiency and to bring along some homogeneity into the process of criminal protection. Premises of homogeneity can be found in the protection of information related to the professional sphere. In the light of these interesting premises, modernization of criminal protection is suggested, the aim of which is to develop the efficiency of protection, by the wording of the bases of a modern protection and the suggestion of the conditions of its setting. At the end of the analysis, this approach finally reveals the virtues of property as regards criminal protection
Metenier, Julian. "La protection pénale de l'accusé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1065.
Full textThe theme of the criminal protection of the accused, well-known to criminal specialists, today deserves to be renewed under a probationary essentially angle, in the light of current developments in the criminal trial. Located at the confluence of innocence and guilt, the rights and guarantees granted to the accused understood in its conventional sense, must be analyzed in consideration of the founding principles of presumption of innocence and the rights of the defense. The continuing evolution of these two principles, in a sense diametrically opposite, inevitably reflects the intensity and the terms of the protection afforded any person suspected or prosecuted under criminal proceedings.This study deliberately limited to the pre-trial phase, proposes to understand, in a practical and technical problems, the various case law and legislative developments carried out in the field. Will thus addressed the key issues currently faced in criminal proceedings such as the question of the legal status of the suspect or the effectiveness of the adversarial principle in the preliminary criminal trial. While it may be tempting, at first, to conclude an indisputable strengthening the criminal protection afforded to the accused, then it will be necessary to reconsider this issue in terms of the study of procedural limitations attached to the criminal trial. Far from addressing this issue in a partisan way, it will be about moderation in the remarks. Indeed, perhaps more than any other issue of criminal procedure, it is imperative to keep a sense of proportion
Graziani, Fleur. "La protection pénale du consommateur." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020068.
Full textCriminal protection of the consumer leads to the consolidation of criminal and consumer laws. This burden on business is not obvious. Indeed, the criminal law is geared towards the protection of society whereas the purpose of the consumer law is to give redress to individuals, who, in this case, is the consumer. Regardless of whether introducing the concept of group action would give a more collective dimension, the criminal and consumer law retain distinct purposes. Despite arguments to the contrary, the findings are clear: common ground does exist but, more importantly, protection derived from the criminal law seems to be the sole solution used. We may ask why this near-systematic use of the criminal law should exist and if it is justified. Indeed, the aim of this type of protection and its nature are uncertain. Pragmatically, it would appear that the aim is mainly market protection yet the techniques borrowed from criminal law translate more into a willingness to regulate than to formally punish. The consumer does indeed benefit from enhanced protection but this comes with two costs: firstly, it is indirect thus it is a noticeable misrepresentation of the criminal law. Secondly, the creation of a plethora of administrative sanctions by the “Hamon law” of March, 17 2014 serves only to confirm this evolution.The ordinance of March 14, 2016 only reinforces this trend
Micheletti, Agnès. "La protection pénale de la femme." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0062.
Full textKoubi, Franck. "La protection pénale de la pudeur." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0020.
Full textKergoat, Michelle. "Libéralisme et protection de l'environnement." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT4005.
Full textIN FRONT OF THE EMERGENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND OF THE OBVIOUS DIFFICULTIES OF THE STATE TO CONSIDER AND RESOLVE THEM, DOES THE LIBERALISM BRING OTHER OPTIONS ? TO DISCOVER THEM, IT IS NECESSARY TO RECALL SOME ELEMENTS OR PRINCIPLES OF THE LIBERALISM : EVERY PEOPLE ARE HOLDERS OF RIGHTS WHICH ARE EQUALLY SHARED AND IN CONSEQUENCE SET BOUNDS TO INDIVIDUAL ACTS, A STATE WHOSE FIRST FUNCTION IS TO LOOK AFTER THE RESPECT OF THESE RIGHTS, WHILE ITS EXPANSION IS TIGHTLY KEPT IN CONTROL BY THE CITIZENS WHO CONSENTED TO HIS POWER, AND A SOCIETY WHICH IS REGULATED BY THE MARKET, BY THE CONTRACTS, AND BY EVERY KIND OF RELATIONS IN WHICH PEOPLE VOLUNTARLY ENGAGED THEMSELVES. AMONG THESE FEATURES, WHICH ONES WILL ARREST THE ATTENTION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AREAS ? THE PUT FORWARD SOLUTIONS RELIE MORE OFTEN ON THESE TWO INSTRUMENTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN A LIBERAL SOCIETY : MARKET AND PRIVATE PROPERTY. WHATEVER THEIR QUALITIES MAY BE, THEY APPEAR MAINLY AS MEANS TO RESIST TO THE DISTROYING OR CARELESS ACTS OF THE STATE OR OF OTHER PEOPLE. THEIR DEFAULTS ARISE FROM A LACK OF GENERAL DIRECTIVES WHICH CARE SPECIFICALLY ABOUT THE CAPABILITIES OF THE NATURE TO SATISFY THE NEEDS OF THE HUMAN ACTIVITIES. HOWEVER, CONTRARY TO AN OPINION WHICH ASSIMILATES LIBERALISM TO A FREE USE BY THE ECONOMY OF MEN AND NATURE IN NAME OF PROFIT, THE LIBERALISM SET A STRICT FRAME TO THE HUMAN ACTIONS, NOT ONLY BECAUSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS BUT BECAUSE OF A SEVERE ETHIC. WHICH ARGUMENTS COULD BRING TO THE ENVIRONEMENTAL CAUSE THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE TO DON'T HARM ANYBODY IN HIS LIFE AND HEALTH ? WHICH ALLIES THE ENVIRONMENT COULD FIND IN THE PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY-LIABILITY AND IN A REFLECTION ABOUT THE HUMAN NATURE ? AND IF THE SOCIAL CONTRAT APPEAR TOO CENTRED ON MEN TO PROTECT A NATURE WHOSE CAPABILITIES ARE LIMITED, HOW THIS LAST ONE COULD PARTICIPATE without INTERFERING DEEPLY WITH HUMAN LIBERTIES ?
Viala, Françoise Chantal. "Associations et protection de l'environnement." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40009.
Full textPaixâo, Silva Oliveira Liziane. "Mercosur et protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1058.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to verify what is the place granted to environment protection in the Mercosur. Does the development of environmental issues in the Mercosur allow us to speak of a regional system for environmental protection that is being strengthened? To answer these questions it is first necessary to identify the rules of environmental protection in the Mercosur's legal system in order to understand their relationship with its free trade rules (part I).It will be then necessary to analyse their implementation and effectiveness (Part Two)
Lolies, Isabelle. "La protection pénale de la vie privée." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32060.
Full textChomel, de Varagnes Jérôme. "Protection pénale des représentants des pouvoirs politiques." Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO33003.
Full textRabeyrin-Puech, Pascale. "Parents désunis et protection pénale de l'enfant." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33020.
Full textThe parent who does not take on his ou her family responsability is guilty of family desertion or non representation of child and as such can be sentenced to imprisonnement or a fine can be brought upon him her. Criminal law embraces the obligations stemming from family life. This is meant to protect divided parents'children, especially their health and education. The penal magistrate intervenes in a long-lasting conflictual family situation which has not been settled. The inadequacy of a civil and administrative protection justifies the interference of penal law in a divided family. Under these conditions, the penal protection of the child seems necessary, but in fact is relative: only an action brought against a parent who is guilty of family desertion is efficient. A suited penal sanction is likely to protect the child in his food need. On the other hand the implementation of a sanction on a parent sued to court for the non representation of a child does not allow to solve this family tragedy in its psychological magnitude. This acknowledgement leads to seck non contentions solutions to family disputes
Touzot, Charlotte. "Activités militaires et protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0006.
Full textMilitary activities obviously have an impact on the environment. From a legal point of view, there is an almost automatic exclusion of military activities from the field of ordinary Law for the protection of the environment. This exclusion arises through the multiplication of the exemptions that are in favor of military activities, and which are justified by the exceptional circumstances (war, emergency) and by the aim of military activities (general interest, best interests of the Nation). Exclusion is also expressed through the extension of the exceptions granted to military activities and which are mainly linked to the imperative nature of Defense activities. It should however be noted that a progressive “greening” of these activities is taking place, driven by the concept of sustainable development within the different public institutions. There has then to be better legal accountability for the transition towards “greener” military activities. This transition must be preceded by a process of adaptation of military activities to environmental issues, through the integration of the latter within military heritage management, both on infrastructural and state-owned military levels. Another consecration of this adaptation is the development of the environmental security of the national territory. Armies have not only adapted their activities to environmental issues, but they also made the protection of the environment as a new field, which is progressively expanding. The first example of this “Army recycling” is the military disaster assistance. The second one is the implementation of environmental military activities, linked to the mission of territory surveillance. Lastly, the outcome of this recycling should consist of a military action for the environment, of ecological intervention type, following the model of humanitarian intervention. These considerations represent an opportunity to review some classical Public Law notions – such as general interest, sovereignty and territorial integrity – with an attempt to bring a geographical dimension into the reflection
Labatut, Katia. "Financements communautaires et protection de l'environnement." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40030.
Full textPignarre, Pascal. "La répression pénale des atteintes à l'environnement causées par les entreprises." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0020.
Full textEyrignac, Loïc. "La protection pénale du patrimoine de la société." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010259.
Full textCousin-Leray, Delphine. "La protection pénale de l'intégrité sexuelle des mineurs." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT4020.
Full textThe study of the criminal protection of the sexual integrity of minors aims, on one hand to review the applicable law to the situation of the minor victim of sexual violence, on the other hand, in a forwardlooking reflection as for the emergence of a childhood criminal law, in fine, of a childhood law. Indeed, and if speaking about criminal protection of the sexual integrity of minors seems to evoke first of all the study of the repressive law of the sexual violence applied to minors, the problem exceeds widely this only perspective, in the sense that it sends back to the protective function of the criminal law, and in the notion of protected interest, from wich comes within sexual integrity and minority. Henceforth, the domain of reflection widens, to consider, besides the strict thorough criminal law, all the devices contributing to the realisation of the imperative of protection of the minor's sexual, interrogation about their interactions. At this prospect, the question of the criminal protection of the sexual integrity of minors arises as the privileged place of a reflection on the evolution of the criminal law, of the penal matter, but also on the penal justice of the minors, the novation of which it suggests by allowing to identify the criteria of structuralization of a childhood criminal law. By this way, the study postulates, on one hand, of the necessity of a legislative construction from clearly identified interests protected, on the other hand, of an unique criterion for a reconstruction of the matter, and related fields, liking the vulnerability of the concened subject : the minor
Sichel-Licari, Sandy. "La protection pénale de la dignité du salarié." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN20014.
Full textGueguen, Elisabeth. "Les normes et la protection de l'environnement." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT4011.
Full textThis thesis have for subject the study of new instruments for the environment's protection : the environment's standards applied to industrial products, workd out by organization of standardization, acknoledge by authorties and with optional application. The first section is based on the standards stemed from european laws "nouvelle approche" adopted in 1985. These european laws are limited to set essential requirements amongst environnement figure and that tor for the article 100. A require a high degree of protection. The organization of standardization are developping standards wich professionnels need to market products conformed to the essential requirements. The problem studied is to know if thisz standards could ensure an high degree of protection for the environment in consideration of their quality and their optional application. The second aprt analyse the requisite environment's standards for the commercialization of green products : the brand "nf-environnement" and the community "ecolabel". The multicriterion approch and the princip of "from cradle to grave" wich the standards are based on, tend to demonstrate that a streghtened degree of protection is ensured. This thesis tend to demonstrate that the environment protection by standards is more efficient with standards applied to green products, that with standards required for the respect of the statutory essential demands
Chikhaoui-Mahdoui, Leïla. "Le financement de la protection de l'environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010281.
Full textBy analysing the financing of environmental protection, we intend to demonstrate the signifiance of the multiple actors and various procedures implemented to draw off the resources required for safeguarding of the media and the species, for ecological management of natural resources, and for fighting against all kinds of contaminations and nuisances. This analysis namely insists on the similarity of the answers brought by positive law, in every country, from the institutional and procedural viewpoints, to the problem resulting from perpetual search for financial resources to be put at the service of a policy, because of its public interest features is the subject of universal consent since the rio summit in 1992. This global search for funding resources is finally examined from the viewpoint of two simultaneous environment financing policies concretely implemented in two countries with significantly different development levels, france and tunisia, the first country runs this policy within the framework of industrialized country strive for environmental control and a tight european perspective, whereas the second country is at the spur of environmental protection in the mediterranean, african and arabic regions
Baucomont, Michel. "L'industrie et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020083.
Full textEl, Gamli Tarek. "La protection pénale des minorités religieuses en droit comparé." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0092.
Full textReligious minorities are often a component of the population and are characterized by their religious difference that can make them vulnerable to various threats. Ensuring security and stability of societies with religious minorities requires the adoption of specific provisions. The criminal protection, here, represents the most effective legal means, through deterrence achieved by sanctions and measures adopted. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of that protection extended to minorities in terms of foundation and reach, by making a comparison between two different systems in front of religion: the religious system (Libya and Egypt) and the secular system (French). The Statute of the International Criminal Court as a complementary axis, here, is a neutral element in its position nor secular or religious. This comparison will focus on the impact of the legal system adopted regarding the rights of religious minorities
Aznar, Thibaut. "La protection pénale du consentement donné par le consommateur." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0038/document.
Full textThe consumer’s penal protection is an essential stake, even more so following the last legislative reforms that occurred in the matter. The consumer’s consent’s protection represents the very essence of criminal law’s intervention in the consumerist sphere. The fundamental question that must be asked is whether criminal law punishes the criminal behaviour that a professional might show as an additional legislation which is dependent on civil law or, more interestingly, if criminal law is in fact autonomous in the consumer’s consent’s protection without being nothing more than a repressive and dissuasive legislation
Pannatier, Serge. "L' Antarctique et la protection internationale de l'environnement /." Zürich : Schulthess, 1994. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/272212504.pdf.
Full textSoh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Mougeot, Jacques. "La protection juridique de l'environnement marin des Caraïbes." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D026.
Full textThe levels of urbanization and industrialization in the wider caribbean region are still relatively modest. Nevertheless, economic development has placed heavy demands on some areas along the coastlines of the region and there are many severely polluted locations. The increasing contamination of the marine environment in the caribbean seau has become more and more apparent. National authorities, research institutions, international organizations as well as many citizen groups has expressed their concern and foresteres the development of projects, strategies and legal instruments to safeguard de region's coastal and marine resources. The solution to the problems should be sought through action at the global level, as well as through national and regional pollution control measures. Hydrocarbon pollution coused by oil spills, tank ballast washings, dock operations and explorations sea still poses one of the major threats to the region. Large banana and coffee plantations are an important cause of pesticides contamination. Sewage in commonly being discharged without any treatment or after inappropriate treatment. Other growing concerns are the disposal of solid wastes and the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. The economy, the health of population and the ecosystems are in danger
Sudre, Bertrand. "Bioaérosols de l'environnement agricole et protection contre l'allergie." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA0017.
Full textThe increase in allergic diseases is a public health problem. The studies on farmer's children have shown that children early exposed to farm environment are protected against allergy and asthma and few environmental factors have being yet identified. We present the microbiological and palynologic results of the bio-aerosol contamination in farming setting, its variability and its kinetic, and the results of the PASTUREmicrobio study focusing on a sub-set of farms and dwellings (farmer and rural) within the european PASTURE cohort. The level of airborne contamination of the cattle sheds in winter is 10 exposant 4 UFC/m3 for the cultivable bacteria, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] grains/m3 for graminaceous pollens, [10 exposant 4 - 10 exposant 5] UFC/m3 for the actinomycetes and [10 exposant 5 - 10 exposant 6] UFC-spores/m3 for the fungal micro-organisms and spores. Factors significantly associated with the airborne contamination are the seasonal variation and the feeding distribution to livestock. The pollen concentration measured in winter in cattle shed exceeds the outdoor ones during the summer season. The contamination of farm child rooms is linked to the cattle shed's one which is diversified and significantly higher in winter compared to rural children contamination. A differential exposition of rural and farmer children to the bio-aerosols in the stables and dwellings also exist. This work highlights a high and per annual pollen exposure within cattle sheds in parallel with a high bacterial and fungal co-exposure. Those characteristics are potential factors that might explain the protective effect of farming environment against allergic diseases
Puel, Christophe. "Vie d'un site industriel et protection de l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10034.
Full textThe life of an industrial site is subject to basic environmental legislation (the Act of 19th july 1976). This law governs classified facilities but is not intented to cover all legal aspects. It is hardly surprising, therefore, to find that a certain nomber of legal and regulatory provisions comply to varying degrees with regulations applying to classified facilities (pollution, damage, refurbishment. . . )
Vila, Anne. "Le déchet entre marché et protection de l'environnement." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090012.
Full textVial, Claire. "Protection de l'environnement et libre circulation des marchandises." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10032.
Full textAlves, Carlos-Manuel. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit communautaire." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40006.
Full textIn the face of increasingly significant ecological imbalances, the question of the relationship between the environment and economic development has become international. The integration or the integrated protection of the environment seeks to es ablish equilibrium between these two essential needs. Its consist of placing environmental considerations in development policies. Taking account of its call, the European Community, regional organisation for. . . Economic integration, could not stay in the background of such a movement. Integration has taken the form of a legal duty in the treatry. .
Cruchaudet, Frédéric. "Les réseaux et la protection juridique de l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33001.
Full textKoné, Moussa. "La vente d'immeuble et la protection de l'environnement." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0208.
Full textAccording to the article 2 of the Charter of the environment : “Every person has duty to take part in preservation and in improvment of the environment”. The article L. 200-2 of Code Rural specifies : “laws and regulations organize the right to each to a healthy environment and contribute to assure a harmonious equilibrium between the urban zones and country zones. It is the duty of each to look after maintenance and to contribute of the protection of environment. The private and public persons must do in all activities, to conform to the same requirements”. As a result, the public persons and private persons have to participate to safeguard nature. In addition, the persons implicated in the act of cession of real estates would not know how to infringe. So how this defence of the environment is done? In the first approach, real estates are sold to the purchasers having protection of environment as mission. Nevertheless, these protectors of environment are not the only possible purchasers for sale real estates. To allow acquiring such things, these last have to benefit privilege constraining the sellers to give to them up such property. This privilege is known under the name of right of pre-emption. Once acquired, these properties must be preserved to assure the maintenance of nature. In the second approach, the real states are bought by persons no eager to protect environment even if they are guest to do it by the law. How to assure the maintenance of nature? It results simply from the defense of the purchasers of real estates. In spite of the insufficiency of the protection environment during the sale of real estates, this operation remains an essential link in the defense of nature. Every year, thousands of properties are sold. These thousands persons implicated in such settlements remains major actors in the protection of environment
Gadji, Yao Abraham. "Libéralisation du commerce international et protection de l'environnement." Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/106185d5-6bd3-4f1b-bf8f-6ad91f477265/blobholder:0/2007LIMO1008.pdf.
Full textInternational trade and protection environmental currently feed hot debates within States, international institutions and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The complex links between both imperatives highlight the significant interest at stake. Serious ecological crises due to human activities have led to the adoption of environmental protection measures which stand as constraints on international trade whereas the World Trade Organization (WTO) advocates free movement of goods and commodities. Controversies are related to general and sector-based regulations as well as the modus operandi of the two sectors. Should environmental protection serve as a standard for the organization of free, competitive and non discriminatory international trade ? Or, should the rules of international trade fall in line with environmental protection objectives ?What changes in international trade regulations are to be considered to reconcile these with ecological requirements ? These issues which have grown in importance in recent years, especially as regards the movement of genetically modified organisms, patents for living creatures, access to genetic resources and the reduction of greenhouse gases, must be adequately addressed should sustainable developement be achieved
Al-Ajeeli, Ayad. "La protection pénale des ressources pétrolières : étude comparative franco-irakienne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0075.
Full textThe criminal protection of oil resources is undoubtedly a multidisciplinary subject. This subjectconcerns the two major legal systems that are private law and public law. In the context of thismultidisciplinary approach, oil is integrated into a great many objects. As an activity of generalinterest, the oil responds to the mission of the public services, to its changes impelled by theState especially those relating to the special laws which regulate the oil resources in the criminalaspect that achieve an adequate protection for the investment of these resources. As such, theseconsiderations are closely linked to the criminal law, which plays a considerable role in theregulation of oil, and even more so in the strategy on oil security. The establishment ofstructures and infrastructure related to oil also involve criminal law. To this is added a numberof specific topics, such as the oil field, which is sufficiently endogenous to constitute a separatesubject
Mavridakis, Théophanis. "La Politique de protection de l'environnement en Union Soviétique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37616107q.
Full textCaudal, Sylvie. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit public français." Lyon 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO33016.
Full textBecause of the limits of the specific protections, it's a necessity to integrate the protection of environment to the main public politics of economical and social development, and planning. It's the reason why such an approach makes great strides, which has consequences in law. To study the concept of integrated protection of environment in French public law requires, after having proposed a definition, to make an inventory of the different fields concerned: it's easy to find it in public politics of planning and management of natural resources, but we can discover it also in town planning law, country law, energy law. . . The research consists then in finding some common characters for all these legal systems, so that it can be proved that there is an integrated protection of environment law. There are also some legal obstacles to the development of integration
CONAN, HELENE. "Le statut du fermage et la protection de l'environnement." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT4008.
Full textAgriculture generates many environmental nuisances : the pollution of water due to artificial fertilizers and pesticides manuring, the destruction of natural areas and the reduction of biodiversity. The statute of farm lease is often considered as a major factor in the development of those pollutions. It was set up in 1945 and it allowed tenants to adopt intensive farming pratices. Nowadays, this situation is no more adapted to the environmental context. The code rural already enjoins farm operators to respect many environmental restrictions. However, theses rules suffer from many shortcomings so that it has been impossible to implement an effective environmental conservation and to limit the drawbacks of the statute of farm lease. Therefore, in sight of the concept of sustainable development, an adaptation of the statute of farm lease is required and unavoidable. It is possible to reform the provisions of this legislation. It is also possible to arrange the legal context. This solution would indirectly regulate rights and obligations of tenants and lessors. The contracts and the laws could both introduce an environmental dimension in the statute of farm lease
Vidalens, Virginie. "Le droit des sociétés et la protection de l'environnement." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10032.
Full textAlthough it’s perfectly obvious that a company’s interest is subordinate to the interest of the associates who gave birth to it, and given that corporation law includes other legitimate interests - among which environment, it would nevertheless be untrue to confine the trading company to its profit making vocation. It comes down to a very simple question: how far is corporation law in the process of integrating environmental issues ? On one hand, the demand for environmental transparency imposes new regulations on companies in terms of communication. As far as our societal project is concerned, it seems that the openness of this information can be improved. When setting up a company, environmental information becomes a strategic issue if the set up involves either buying a polluted site, a listed installation or even a polluting business. Within this framework, the company is rather badly protected by information provision. The entry of environmental information has also attracted a lot of attention in corporate governance. Despite the fact that it is still insufficient, the information integrated in annual reports might lead to a change in management methods. Social performance pleads for replacing trading activities in a larger picture. This is the reason why we stand up for the opening of the social interest to the general interest that is environmental protection. On the other hand, the integration of environmental issues still clashes with corporate law specificities. The shield of legal personality, or corporate insolvency, makes it harder to deal with environmental backwardness. It prompts us to look for other ways to tackling these issues and integrating effectively environmental questions in the field of corporate law
Girard, Julien. "L' engagement des entreprises et la protection de l'environnement." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010289.
Full textMavridakis, Théophanis. "La politique de protection de l'environnement en union soviétique." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080249.
Full textOur research principaly studies the efficiency of the environment policy in the soviet union. Therefor, we examine when and how the protection issues were first presented. The "legitimation" of these issues becomes crucial with the vote of fundamental laws for the protection of the natural elements, reglementations and the introduction of preventive tasks in the planification since 1974. The analysis of the adopted mesures and their realization during the 10 th and 11 th quinquennial plans is central to our research. This analysis revealed to us a serie of endogene caracteristics of the soviet system, as sectoral planification, priority problems between sectors, or the authority of ministries. These caracteristics participate in an important way to the protection process, as the role of the ministries in organizing protection of environment reveal. Essential long-term choices are also defined, as the introduction of "clean" technological processes, recycling of materials; short-term devices as the introduction and construction of anti-pollution equipments in the soviet industrial sector
Kaygusuz, Mehtap. "L'Organisation des Nations Unies et la protection de l'environnement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3008.
Full textThe globalisation of environmental degradation has led in the late 1960s to the intervention of the United Nations in this area, despite the lack of any explicit reference to the environment in the United Nations Charter. This absence has not prevented the UN to become the main actor in the universalisation of the protection of the environment. This universalisation, marked by the universal character of the Organisation and environmental issues, is therefore at the heart of the relationship between UN and the protection of the environment. This study analyses on the one hand the framework of universalisation of the protection of the environment and, on the other, its legal scope which is shaped in a dynamic and complex relationship, influencing both the Organisation and the object of its protection