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Academic literature on the topic 'Protective clothing – Juvenile literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Protective clothing – Juvenile literature"
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Adam, John. "Sun-Protective Clothing." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 3, no. 1 (July 1998): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549800300115.
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Background: Topical sunscreens have been used for many years on exposed areas (i.e., hands, face) to protect the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation. Most people do not use sunscreens on their bodies when they are wearing clothes. An average weight cotton T shirt gives only a sun protection factor (SPF) of 7. This is inadequate protection when out of doors. Therefore, clothing with adequate sunscreening properties should be worn. Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors in clothing fabrics that contribute to or detract from blocking ultraviolet radiation and to recommend criteria for establishing a standard for sunprotective clothing. Method: The study involves a review of the dermatologic and textile literature to identify various factors in fabrics that contribute to blocking ultraviolet radiation through textiles. Conclusion: For fabrics, the term ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) is used as the measure of ultraviolet radiation penetration through the fabric. The UPF of a fabric depends upon fiber content and weave, fabric colour, finishing processes, and the presence of additives. The performance of a fabric depends upon stretching, shrinkage, hydration, laundering, and wear of the fabric over time. Based upon these criteria the minimum CDA standard UPF for clothing should be 40 to 50+.
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Xu, Chang, Shifei Shen, Ming Fu, and Yayun Li. "A prediction method to evaluate thermal performance of protective clothing based on the correlation analysis of the bench scale and flame manikin tests." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 4 (March 17, 2020): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-02-2019-0017.
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PurposeBench scale and flame manikin tests are two typical methods to evaluate thermal protective performance (TPP) of fire protective clothing. However, flame manikin test is limited to be widely used for its complication and high cost. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to evaluate the thermal performance of protective clothing from the bench scale test results and garment parameters, which predicts the body burn injuries without conducting flame manikin tests.Design/methodology/approachBench scale and flame manikin tests’ data were collected from the previous research literature and then statistical analysis was performed to quantitatively investigate the correlations between the two test methods. Equations were established to predict the TPP values accounting for the effects of entrapped air gap and thermal shrinkage. Fitting analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between the predicted TPP values and total burn injury. Finally, a method to predict total burn injury from the TPP values was proposed and validated.FindingsThe results showed that when the TPP value was predicted with the effects of air gap and thermal shrinkage considered, there was an approximate linear relationship between the predicted TPP values and total burn injury from the manikin test. Therefore, the prediction model of burn injury was developed based on the correlation analysis and verified with a generally good accuracy.Originality/valueThis paper presented a new prediction method to evaluate the thermal performance of protective clothing, which saved significant time and cost compared to the conventional methods. It can provide useful information for burn injury prediction of protective clothing.
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Rezazadeh, Moein, and David A. Torvi. "Assessment of Factors Affecting the Continuing Performance of Firefighters’ Protective Clothing: A Literature Review." Fire Technology 47, no. 3 (October 14, 2010): 565–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-010-0188-3.
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McQuerry, Meredith, Cassandra Kwon, and Heather Johnson. "A critical review of female firefighter protective clothing and equipment workplace challenges." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 23, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-01-2019-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenging barriers faced by female firefighters, which limit workplace entrance and performance. Design/methodology/approach Occupational barriers from both psychological and physiological viewpoints were explored based on previous literature and the reported experiences of female firefighters. Findings A comprehensive review of literature synthesizes previous studies pertaining to gender anthropometric differences, female firefighters’ experiences in the work environment and protective clothing issues. The physical capabilities of men and women in specific relation to performing firefighting activities are also examined. Issues of greatest concern are identified for personal protective clothing (PPC) and equipment, which have traditionally been designed for the male human form. This leads to a lack of protection, an increased risk of onsite injury, reduction in mobility and poorer comfort for female firefighters. Originality/value This review provides an original overview of the critical workplace challenges faced by female firefighters. The need for female-specific PPC and equipment is specifically addressed to retain the growing number of women entering the male-dominated firefighting profession.
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Kośla, Katarzyna, Magdalena Olejnik, and Karolina Olszewska. "Preparation and properties of composite materials containing graphene structures and their applicability in personal protective equipment: A Review." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0025.
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AbstractGraphene is a new, advanced material with many possible applications in basic and clinical medicine, electronics and automation. Graphene compounds can be successfully used as an integral part of drug delivery systems, in the construction of transistors, polar processors, touch screens, solar cells and in the production of materials for the manufacture of personal protective equipment, i.e. products and equipment intended to protect the health and life of users. The literature review presented in this paper concerns physical and mechanical properties of composites containing graphene or its structure as well as methods of obtaining polymer, metallic and ceramic composites doped with graphene structures. Data analysis of the potential use of graphene and its composites in personal protective equipment such as monitoring sensors, clothing and security equipment such as ballistic armor, helmets and protective clothing were also reviewed and summarized.
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Richmond, Josef, Lesley Spencer, Tommy Tran, and Evan Williams. "A Meta Study of the Relationship Between Phase Change Material Parameters and Temperature Reduction in Fire Fighter Protective Clothing." PAM Review Energy Science & Technology 6 (May 24, 2019): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pamr.v6i0.1545.
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Firefighters are exposed to high risk scenarios in which the prevention of extreme heat injuries is largely dependent on the effectiveness of their protective clothing. The following meta-study examines contemporary literature to determine the usefulness of phase change materials (PCM’s) in improving the effectiveness of the current firefighter protective clothing (FFPC) model in order to better protect firefighters. The time- temperature for multiple PCM’s in environments with low, medium and high heat fluxes (taken as 2.5-5 kW/m2 for 700 seconds, 10-15 kW/m2 for 300 seconds and 20-40 kW/m2for 30 seconds respectively) were compared in terms of the rate of temperature increase and final temperature. The study found that PCM I produced the best temperature reduction in a low flux, PCM K did so in a medium flux, and PCM B did so in a high flux. The study also found that overall the PCMs were most effective in a low flux, therefore further study should be directed towards creating PCMs that are more effective in high-flux environments.
Keywords: Phase Change Material; Fire Fighter Protective Clothing; Heat Flux
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Krzemińska, Sylwia, and Małgorzata Szewczyńska. "Analysis and Assessment of Hazards Caused by Chemicals Contaminating Selected Items of Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment – a Literature Review." Safety & Fire Technology 56, no. 2 (2020): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.56.2.2020.6.
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Aim: The aim of the presented paper is to review the literature concerning the risks related to possible contamination with chemical substances of firefighter’s personal protective equipment (i.e. special clothing, special gloves, firefighter boots and balaclavas) during rescue operations. The authors focused on contamination resulting from the interaction of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds and phthalates. Introduction: During rescue operations, firefighters are exposed to chemicals which are inherent in fires in buildings and open spaces. The health hazards caused by chemicals accumulating on the surface of personal protective equipment, which can enter the firefighter’s body through the skin, posing a lethal threat, is becoming an increasingly recognized issue. Scientific research shows that chemicals generated during fires are harmful – a significant proportion of them has a confirmed carcinogenic and mutagenic effect. Methodology: The presented analysis of the issue of chemical contamination of personal protective equipment and the associated risks to the firefighter was prepared on the basis of a review of selected Polish and foreign literature. The main types of chemical pollutants with chemical substances and the determined levels of pollution were addressed in the paper, indicating the conditions under which they were obtained. Additionally, the properties of the most common groups of chemicals that contaminate personal protective equipment are described. The characteristics of firefighter’s personal protective equipment, with the particular focus on the materials used for special firefighter suit, are also presented. Conclusions: A review of relevant literature indicates that contamination of firefighter’s personal protective equipment were investigated mainly with respect to the presence of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds with a proven carcinogenic effect. Phthalates as substances posing a very high risk to fertility were less commonly studied. The high content of harmful chemicals in dirt present on the surface of the material of special clothing and on other personal protective equipment, as well as in the urine metabolites, indicates unequivocally the need for decontamination of personal protective equipment after every fire.
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Dabrowska, Anna Katarzyna. "Artificial neural networks for prediction of local thermal insulation of clothing protecting against cold." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-08-2016-0098.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop artificial neural networks (ANNs) allowing us to simulate the local thermal insulation of clothing protecting against cold on a basis of the characteristics of materials and design solutions used. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, laboratory tests of thermal insulation of clothing protecting against cold as well as thermal resistance of textile systems used in the clothing were performed. These tests were conducted with a use of thermal manikin and so-called skin model, respectively. On a basis of results gathered, 12 ANNs were developed that correspond to each thermal manikin’s segment besides hands and feet which are not covered by protective clothing. Findings In order to obtain high level of simulations, optimization measures for the developed ANNs were introduced. Finally, conducted validation indicated a very high correlation (above 0.95) between theoretical and experimental results, as well as a low error of the simulations (max 8 percent). Originality/value The literature reports addressing the problem of modeling thermal insulation of clothing focus mainly on the impact of the degree of fit and the velocity of air movement on thermal insulation properties, whereas reports dedicated to modeling the impact of the construction of clothing protecting against cold as well as of diverse material systems used within one design of clothing on its thermal insulation are scarce.
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Bossi, Linda L. M., Monica L. H. Jones, Alison Kelly, and David W. Tack. "A Preliminary Investigation of the Effect of Protective Clothing Weight, Bulk and Stiffness on Combat Mobility Course Performance." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601161.
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Soldier loads continue to rise in response to new technological capabilities and emerging threats. However, literature addressing the extent to which load mass properties affects operational task performance and mission outcome is sparse. The objective of this preliminary study was to quantify the effect of PPE mass properties (weight, bulk and stiffness) on combat mobility, as measured using the standardized Load Effects Assessment Program (LEAP) course. Twenty-four soldiers completed the LEAP course in three clothing and individual equipment (CIE) configurations (UE: unencumbered; FFO: full fighting order (FFO) without body armour; and FFO+: FFO with body armour). Significant differences between clothing conditions were revealed for LEAP performance metrics (overall course time). Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between overall mobility performance and condition mass properties of weight, bulk, and stiffness. Outcomes will influence the design of future CIE and future research in this area.
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Duncan Kariuki, Ndwiga, Xiong-Ying Wu, Chang-Chun Gao, and Xue-Mei Ding. "Clothing standards compliance assessment." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 26, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-08-2013-0092.
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Purpose – Clothing quality, performance, safety and health have become important considerations for consumer welfare. Properties of these aspects are encompassed on standards which regulates clothing products reaching consumers. The purpose of this paper is to categorize these aspects in a common platform by suggesting minimum requirements expected on readymade garments from which clothing standards compliance assessment is performed. Design/methodology/approach – With the aid of standard compliance assessment model, scored Standard Compliance Rate (SCR) values of the discussed properties of clothing standardization are synthesized from a standard compliance matrix, and the compliance of any clothing standards are assessed and assigned a “Standard Compliance Index/Level (SCI/SCL)” ranging from non compliance to full compliance at six levels. Findings – In reference to the standard compliance assessment model, 12 children and infant clothing standards, three from Kenya and nine from China, and eight protective clothing standards from Kenya, China, Britain and USA, two from each country, were assessed and the compliance level of each standard evaluated and results presented. The results of the study reveal the importance of every aspect of clothing standardization properties to fulfil the requirements of standard compliance assessment whereby, though they meet their role in developing Standard Compliance Index (SCI), they may have different impact depending with the context applied and the scope of every standard. Research limitations/implications – The selection of standardization parameters and characteristics, and the criteria for scoring some of the Standard Compliance Rating was subjective and may require mutual agreements between relevant bodies. Furthermore, this method can only be applied on clothing standards and not other textile testing standards. Practical implications – The proposed method can be applied when evaluating and comparing specific clothing standards between bodies or countries. Clothing SCI would be of primary importance as a guide on required clothing quality specifications to designers, manufacturers, standard regulators and consumer welfare bodies. Originality/value – This research reports the development of an original framework to assess compliance level of any clothing standard using standardization parameters and characteristics considered when determining the quality of a garment. It establishes a theoretical framework of clothing standards compliance assessment, which has not been reported in the literature to date.
Books on the topic "Protective clothing – Juvenile literature"
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Whitty, Helen. Protective clothing. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 2001.
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