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1
Korolko, Serhiy, and Bohdan Seredyuk. "Nanomodified rapid hardening concretes reinforced with dispersed basaltic fibers." Military Technical Collection, no. 24 (May 20, 2021): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.24.2021.57-63.
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The article considers modern perspectives and directions of using fast – hardening high – strength concretes for protection against striking factors of action of different types of weapons. It is shown that the use of concrete materials in weapons and military equipment is one of the important components of defense structures and protective fortifications during hostilities as platoons and bases, and structures for the protection of civilians. The possibility of obtaining such concretes for the creation of special purpose fortifications is shown. Developed concrete structures have increased strength and impact resistance to high-speed impact. Due to the reinforcement of the concrete structure with mineral and chemical additives and ultrafine fibers, high rates of early strength, viscosity, crack resistance and impact resistance are achieved. The paper presents the main indicators of water consumption, strength and impact resistance of high-strength concrete. The results of the experimental study of samples of the destroyed concrete elements are presented and the corresponding conclusions concerning the use of various types of fibers for reinforcement of such concretes and increase of their crack resistance by basalt fibers are made. It is shown that a high-strength concrete with high construction and technical performance can be successfully used to create protective fortifications and fortifications for special purposes.
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Kobayashi, Kazusuke. "Protective Coating for Concrete Structures." Concrete Journal 23, no. 8 (1985): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.23.8_20.
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Kostyuk, Tetiana, Andriy Plugin, Dmytro Plugin, Oleksandr Bondarenko, and Olena Dedenova. "MECHANISM FOR CREATING A CEMENT COMPOSITE WITH ENHANCED HYDROPHYSICAL AND RADIATION PROTECTION PROPERTIES." Collection of Scientific Works of the Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport, no. 206 (December 11, 2023): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/1994-7852.206.2023.296647.
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In modern conditions, the environmental component of building protective materials is guaranteed by the creation of composites capable of protecting underground and above-ground parts of buildings and structures in flooded areas from the filtration of radiation-contaminated water, industrial wastewater, radon, etc. Therefore, the problem of developing modern, including radiation-protective materials for the construction industry is urgent. Concrete is a good moderator and absorber of fast neutrons and intensively absorbs gamma radiation. Concrete consists of cement, sand and gravel. Cement consists mainly of oxides of various elements (Ca, Si, Al, Fe) and contains light elements. Portland cements, slag Portland cements and alumina cements are used as binders for the preparation of particularly heavy protective concrete. In special concretes, the most effective binder can be a substance that, as a result of hardening, adds a large amount of water (to increase the hydrogen content of the concrete). Such a substance is calcium hydrosulfoaluminate. Recent studies have shown that very effective radiation protection materials are materials in the form of polydisperse systems containing ultrafine particles (UFP) less than 1 micron in size. However, the difficulty is to distribute the ultrafine particles evenly throughout the material volume, which dramatically reduces its protective functions.The work resulted in the development of a cement composite with enhanced hydrophysical and radiation protection properties, which were achieved by, firstly, modifying the cement binder with chemical additives that facilitated the synthesis of crystalline hydrates with a high water content. Secondly, polydisperse systems in the form of ferruginous quartzite were added to the composition, where micron-sized iron particles were embedded in quartzite, which contributed to the uniform distribution of micron-sized iron particles in the volume of the composite. Physicochemical studies of cement stone hydration products were carried out by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and electron microscopic analyses. The developed composition of fine-grained concrete has high performance and hydrophysical properties, provides protective properties against radiation due to components containing heavy and light atoms, which may allow the use of this material to protect building structures, buildings and structures.
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Klingsch, Eike Wolfram, Andrea Frangi, and Mario Fontana. "Fire Protection of High-Performance Concrete Using Protective Lining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.758.
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The paper presents results of experimental and numerical analyses on the fire behavior of concrete elements protected by sprayed protective linings. Particular attention is given to high- (HPC) and ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC), as HPC and UHPC tend to exhibit explosive spalling in fire due to low porosity. The results provide basic input data for the development of simplified rules for the fire design of concrete structures protected by sprayed protective linings.
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Årskog, V., K. Borgund, and Odd E. Gjørv. "Effect of Concrete Hydrophobation against Chloride Penetration." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.183.
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For concrete structures in chloride containing environments, hydrophobic surface treatments are often used as an additional protective measure for protecting the embedded steel against corrosion. In recent years, silane-based hydrophobic agents that can be used as concrete admixtures for making the whole concrete hydrophobic have also been introduced. In the present paper, the protective effectiveness of such an admixture against chloride penetration has been investigated. For comparison, some field investigations on the effectiveness of a traditional surface hydrophobation of two concrete harbor structures based on similar products are also briefly reported.
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Bilyk, S. І., and А. S. Bilyk. "COMPARISON OF THE METHODS OF PENETRATION OF THE ENEMY'S AIR ATTACK MEANS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES PROTECTION." Modern structures of metal and wood, no. 28 (August 2024): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-3068-2024-28-75-84.
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On the basis of the literature review, trends in the development of studies of engineering protection of critical infrastructure objects were revealed. The review of scientific works revealed the direction of improving the physical and mechanical properties of building protective structures. It is noted that large-scale experimental and theoretical studies of reinforced concrete structures and reinforced concrete protective plates with the use of fiber were carried out.
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Kamaitis, Zenonas. "MODELLING OF CORROSION PROTECTION FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH SURFACE COATINGS/GELŽBETONINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ SU PAVIRŠINĖMIS DANGOMIS KOROZINĖS APSAUGOS MODELIAVIMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 14, no. 4 (2008): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-3730.2008.14.23.
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Corrosion is a serious problem for the durability of reinforced concrete structures. These structures need to be protected from corrosion in a variety of exposure conditions ranging from atmospheric to continuous immersion in water or chemicals. One of the ways to protect reinforced concrete structures from corrosion is to use protective coatings. The surface barriers of non‐degradable materials are able to slow down considerably the rate of deterioration of concrete structures and to overcome most durability problems associated with external attack. Design of durability of concrete structures with protective coatings needs to be established. In this paper a general framework for service life prediction and reliability evaluation of anticorrosion protective system (CPS), which is represented by protective surface barrier, concrete cover, and steel reinforcement itself of reinforced concrete structures, is presented. This approach is based on a reasonable understanding of the main degradation processes of all components ensuring protection ability and durability of concrete structures. The effect of repair of CPS components on extending the service life of a whole protective system is considered. Numerical example for reliability verification of CPS is also given. Santrauka Korozija yra svarbi gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų ilgaamžiškumo problema. Gelžbetonines konstrukcijas būtina apsaugoti nuo korozijos įvairiomis sąlygomis, pradedant nuo atmosferos iki nuolatinio mirkymo vandenyje ar chemikaluose. Vienas iš apsaugos būdų yra polimerinės apsauginės dangos. Atsparus paviršinis barjeras gali labai sulėtinti gelžbetonio irimą ir išspręsti daugelį problemų, susijusių su išorine aplinka. Reikia sukurti gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų su apsauginėmis dangomis projektavimo metodiką. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama antikorozinės apsauginės sistemos, susidedančios iš paviršiaus apsauginio barjero, apsauginio betoninio sluoksnio ir pačios plieninės armatūros, patikimumas ir spėjamas gyvavimo laikotarpis. Šis modelis remiasi apsauginio barjero, betonio sluoksnio ir armatūros irimo procesų samprata. Skaitinis pavyzdys rodo antikorozinės apsauginės sistemos patikimumo patikrą.
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HAIKO, H. I., A. L. HAN, V. V. VAPNICHNA, and I. O. MATVIICHUK. "ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSIVE DESIGN SOLUTIONS FOR UNDERGROUND CIVIL PROTECTION STRUCTURES." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 26 (November 26, 2024): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2024/315286.
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Purpose. Analysis of progressive types and structures of underground civil defense structures against air strikes, development and implementation of innovative solutions in the practice of construction and reconstruction of protective objects, especially for cases of direct impact of ammunition into the perimeter of an underground structure. Methodology. Comparative analysis and differentiation of protective structures, improved methods of renovation and application of existing underground facilities for a new (protective) purpose; methods of finding new technical solutions for the protection of shallow structures from air strikes. In the conditions of Russia's large-scale aggression against Ukraine, the problem of protecting the population from possible air strikes takes priority, and the use of underground space forms the main direction of engineering solutions. Findings. A promising direction for the development of the use of the subway as a civil defense storage facility is the renovation and arrangement of tunnels not involved in transport and auxiliary operations, which can significantly increase the capacity of such storage facilities and improve the living conditions of people. Methods of renovation and arrangement of subway tunnels, cost-effective constructive solutions and methods of construction of civil defense structures. Originality. The differentiation of underground protective objects was carried out according to the principle of protection against air strikes in cases of direct and indirect (remote from the perimeter of the underground structure) pot-raping ammunition. For the first time, frameworks made of soil concrete, formed by jet cementation of soils, are considered as retaining structures capable of perceiving, in particular, dynamic (explosive) loads. Practical value. Effective introduction into the practice of underground construction of advanced technical solutions and methods of renovation and adaptation to the storage functions of existing underground structures, construction of protective structures using innovative methods, in particular, using soil concrete. Wide development of construction techniques of jet cementation of soils gives reason to believe that mastering a new method of erecting underground structures from soil concrete will not cause complications and will not take much time.
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van Breugel, K. "Establishing performance criteria for concrete protective structures." Structural Concrete 2, no. 3 (2001): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/stco.2001.2.3.133.
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Zhu, Xingji, Can Zhao, Longjun Xu, Yujin Wang, Shibin Lin, and Guochen Zhao. "Numerical Integration Study of Penetration and Blasting Damage for Composite Underground Protective Structure with Reinforcement Layers." Buildings 14, no. 6 (2024): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061848.
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In response to the increasing threat of powerful earth-penetrating weapons, underground protective structures typically employ composite structural systems with reinforced steel layers. However, current numerical studies often simplify the entire structural system to plain concrete when assessing damage effects, and penetration and blasting processes are treated separately using a restart method. In this paper, we adopt an integrated simulation approach to analyze the resistance performance of composite protective structures with reinforcement layers. The results reveal significant differences in failure modes between plain concrete and reinforced concrete protective structures. The diameter of the steel bars and the spacing between mesh layers notably impact the penetration and blasting damage. Based on the results of a parameter analysis, we propose a method for optimizing the design of reinforcements in composite underground protective structures. The results of the study show the following: (1) The penetration and blast damage patterns of EPWs on plain concrete and composite protective structures with reinforcing mesh are significantly different. Compared to the plain concrete layer, the composite protection structure can effectively resist the damage of EPWs. (2) With the increase in reinforcement diameter, the decrease in reinforcement mesh spacing, and the increase in reinforcement dosage, the penetration depth gradually decreases; the amount and range of the blast damage also decrease accordingly. (3) Under the condition of the same reinforcement ratio, reducing the number of layers of reinforcement mesh, increasing the diameter of reinforcement, and configuring the reinforcement on the top of the protective structure as much as possible can improve the performance of the protective layer against penetration. At the same time, the reasonable arrangement of the reinforcement mesh can also enhance the ability of the protective structure to resist blasting damage.
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Krot, A., Viktoriya A. Ryazanova, Azat I. Gabitov, Askar M. Gaisin, and Anastasiya R. Chernova. "Operational Reliability of Exterior Walls of Buildings." Materials Science Forum 968 (August 2019): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.968.317.
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Problem of heat insulation and reliability of enclosing structures of buildings is the current issue nowadays due to strict requirements thereto. Protection of exterior walls of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks against negative impacts may be achieved by waterproof plastering combining decorative function either, i.e. decorative and protective system. Such system is possessing hydrophobic properties protecting against inflow of rainwater and condensate accumulating in the wall surface during seasonal periods. Application of decorative and protective “Baumit” system has been tested in heat efficient walls of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks in the Republic of Bashkortostan. It has been found that after several years of operating the protective system revealed no failures, and the wall has proved to be reliable as to heat protection, indoor conditions and interior surface of the walls.
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Potapov, Yuri B., Sergey A. Pinaev, Arutyun A. Arakelyan, and Andrei D. Barabash. "Polymer-Cement Material for Corrosion Protection of Reinforced Concrete Elements." Materials Science Forum 871 (September 2016): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.871.104.
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The paper presents composition of innovative material used for corrosion protection of reinforced concrete structures and experimental data on the increase in cracking of reinforced concrete elements coated with polymer-cement protective layer against corrosive media.
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Rozental, N. K., and G. V. Chekhnii. "Protection of reinforced concrete structures in biologically aggressive environments." Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction 42, no. 3 (2024): 47–55. https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2024-3(42)-47-55.
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Introduction. The corrosion of concrete and reinforced concrete structures of buildings and facilities in biologically aggressive environments is considered and protective measures are indicated. All the presented materials are resulted from long-term surveys of numerous reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures for various purposes along with full-scale corrosion tests of concrete samples in biologically aggressive corrosive environments.Aim. To summarize the results of the performed work on the corrosion and protection of reinforced concrete in biologically aggressive environments.Materials and methods. The reinforced concrete of structures and concrete samples prepared with means of protection against particular aggressive environments were studied, after they had been in biologically aggressive environments for a long period of time. The main research method is the study of concrete condition after prolonged exposure to aggressive environments.Results. From the results of the study are outlined the methods of concrete protection from the following exposures: plant roots on the floor slabs of reinforced concrete drinking water tanks; animal life products on the floors of livestock facilities; stone-borers on marine facilities; thionic bacteria on water disposal and treatment facilities; mold fungi on industrial and residential premises.Conclusion. Reinforced concrete structures in biologically aggressive environments should be protected through studying their peculiarities, corrosion mechanisms, as well as analyzing the condition of structures under prolonged exposure to biological environments.
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TATENO, Hideo. "Maintenance and Surface Protective Coating for Concrete Structures." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 94, no. 3 (2021): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.94.69.
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Tom, Joe G., Charles A. Weiss, Philip G. Malone, and Andrew Virostek. "Durable Roadside Protective Structures for Low-Volume Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1819, no. 1 (2003): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1819a-32.
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Data compilations on accidents nationwide show that 30% of all traffic fatalities and 16% of all injuries occur when a vehicle goes into a ditch or strikes a fixed obstacle on the roadside. Highway traffic barriers and crash cushions are not economical for use on low-volume roads, even though they could be helpful in reducing fatalities and injuries. Sand-filled barrels and metal barriers that undergo controlled deformation are relatively expensive and require significant investments in placement, inspection, maintenance, and repair. A crash cushion design based on scrap tires encased in foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete is being developed and can provide a versatile, low-maintenance safety barrier that is also resistant to vandalism. The composite scrap tire–and–concrete protective barrier uses a skeleton of scrap tires as an attachment point that can serve to lift, place, and anchor a mass of foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete in place on the roadside. The foamed, fiber-reinforced concrete crushes like wood under impact from tools or projectiles, so the modules are difficult to vandalize and can survive scrapes from graders or snow removal equipment. Module array can be developed on the basis of weight distribution in sand-filled barrel arrays. Potential uses for the barrier modules include protection of bridge piers, bridge railings, and obstacles on curves. The durability and economy of these units make them a practical option for use in improving safety on low-volume roads, especially in remote areas.
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Liu, Dunwen, Yinghua Jian, Yu Tang, et al. "Comprehensive Testing of Sulfate Erosion Damage of Concrete Structures and Analysis of Silane Coating Protection Effect." Sensors 22, no. 20 (2022): 7991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207991.
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In order to study the protection performance of silane coating on in-service concrete structures in a sulfate environment, we collect concrete samples in the field to simulate the concrete erosion process by accelerated erosion with wetting–drying cycles. We place the samples into protected, exposed and control groups corresponding to a corrosive environment with silane protection, corrosive environment without protection and general environment for three different service conditions. A combination of ultrasonic velocimetry, CT (Computed Tomography) scan imaging, NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) pore structure analysis, strength testing and other methods are used to analyze the strength, ultrasonic wave velocity, pore structure and other characteristics of the specimens during sulfate erosion. Based on the test results, the protective effect of silane coating on concrete structures under sulfate attack is quantitatively analyzed, and an index for judging the damage rate of specimens is proposed to quantitatively analyze the protective effect of silane coating. The research results show that the damage of the concrete structure under silane protection in a sulfate-attack environment can be reduced by more than 50%; its integrity damage index and strength damage index are easily affected by the location of local defects, which leads to a decrease in the protection efficiency of the surface silane coating.
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Dyachkov, V. V. "Prospects for the use of steel reinforcement with protective coatings in reinforced concrete structures." Concrete and Reinforced Concrete 616, no. 2 (2023): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/0005-9889-2023-2(616)-5-13.
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Introduction. Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the main factors of destruction of reinforced concrete structures exposed to aggressive environment. The use of steel reinforcement with protective coatings applied to its surface in factory conditions is one of the important directions in the creation of durable reinforced concrete structures.Aim. To show possible prospects for the use of various reinforcement protective coatings in Russia to increase the durability of reinforced concrete structures under the influence of aggressive environment. To develop proposals on the need to carry out research work to create a regulatory base and introduce into practice the construction of reinforcement with a protective coating.Materials and methods. The determination of the prospects for the use of protective coatings of reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures was carried out by analyzing scientific and technical literature, articles, regulatory and technical documents and information from open sources on the problem under study.Results. The experience of using steel reinforcement with protective coatings in Russia and abroad is given. The most widely used technologies for applying protective coatings to reinforcement in factory conditions are highlighted. The main advantages and disadvantages of reinforcement with a protective coating are shown on the example of studies, both in terms of the durability of the coating itself and in terms of working together with concrete. The state of the domestic and foreign regulatory base differs significantly from each other. In contrast to Russia, an extensive regulatory base has been created abroad that allows the design of reinforced concrete structures with reinforcement with protective coatings. Using the example of foreign experience, the most economically feasible types of protective coatings have been identified. With a certain increase in the cost of reinforcement with protective coatings compared to black reinforcement, economic efficiency is generally achieved by increasing the service life of the reinforced concrete structure.Conclusions. Modern design and construction practice shows that for a number of reinforced concrete structures operating under the influence of aggressive environment, it is necessary to use reinforcement with protective coatings. There are great prospects for the use of reinforcement with protective coatings in Russia, but it is necessary to develop а regulatory and technical base in this direction. Based on the results of the analysis of the issue, proposals are given on the need to carry out research and a list of necessary regulatory and technical documents for the introduction of reinforcement with a protective coating into the practice of construction.
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Melchers, Robert E. "Long-Term Durability of Marine Reinforced Concrete Structures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 4 (2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040290.
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The sustainability of reinforced concrete is critical, particularly for structures exposed to marine environments. Chlorides are implicated in causing or accelerating reinforcement corrosion and potentially earlier expensive repairs, yet there are many older reinforced concrete structures in good condition for many decades despite very high chloride levels at the reinforcement. The reasons for this are reviewed briefly, together with recent experimental work that better defines the role of chlorides. One is initiation of reinforcement corrosion but only through localized pitting at air-voids in concrete at the interface with the steel reinforcement. These tend to be small or negligible for high quality well-compacted concretes. The other role for chlorides has been shown, in experimental work, to accelerate the long-term loss of concrete alkali material. On the other hand, a review of practical experience shows that what has been termed chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion often is not that at all, but is the end-product of factors that impair the protective nature of the concrete. As reviewed herein, these include poor compaction, physical damage to concrete cover, concrete shrinkage, and alkali-aggregate reactions. The various observations presented are important for the proper understanding, analysis, and design of durable reinforced concrete structures exposed to chloride-rich environments.
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Hou, Xin Ning, and Yong Sheng Zhang. "Talking about the Importance of the Construction of the Reinforced Protective Layer Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.859.
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Reinforced protective layer to ensure the durability of reinforced concrete structures important tectonic structures plays a vital role. Reinforced concrete reinforced the lack of a protective layer will affect the durability of the components, in serious cases, the member failure early. Meticulous construction, requires not only the structure of acceptable quality, also require durability is better. This paper tries to force mechanism of reinforced concrete together, combined with years of construction practice, to talk about the importance of control in the construction of reinforced protective layer.
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Sobczyk, Kamil, Ryszard Chmielewski, and Krzysztof Duda. "The concept of a prefabricated structure for protection of critical infrastructure facilities." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 67, no. 2 (2018): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0979.
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The paper presents the concept of a protective structure in the form of a prefabricated reinforced concrete protective dome intended for protection of a single critical infrastructure facility [1]. Unlike non-movable cast-in-place reinforced concrete structures, the protective structure can be assembled and disassembled repeatedly with the use of dedicated joining sockets. To provide the concept with a high mobility, the dimensions of single modules of the prefabricated reinforced concrete protective dome meet the transport limits dictated by the horizontal and vertical clearance of roads. A numerical computational analysis facilitated a determination of the distribution of internal forces in the protective stricture and dimensioning of the required reinforcement system [3]. The computations included standardized cases of steady and dynamic loads, and combinations thereof, complete with parameters of dynamic loads from an explosion impulse. Keywords: building engineering, protective structure, prefabricated dome
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Korolko, Sergyy, Myroslav Sanytskyy, Tetiana Kropyvnytska, Artem Dziuba, and Yuriy Shabatura. "Prospects of the use of high-tension fiber concrete as the basis for the formation of protective shelters and fortification structures during the russian-ukrainian war." Military Technical Collection, no. 28 (May 25, 2023): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.28.2023.25-33.
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This article analyzes the current state of protective shelters and fortification structures, foresees the modern possibilities of using fastening and basalt-type structures to increase the stability of concrete fortifications both during the construction of buildings for the protection of the civilian population, and for the creation of dugouts, fortifications and fire structures for the protection of personnel in accordance.
 Studies of the physical and mechanical properties of fiber concrete modified with plasticizers and active mineral additives using basalt and polypropylene fibers have shown that their introduction has a positive effect on the strength characteristics of concrete. The compressive strength of fiber concrete at day 28 increases from 61.4 to 77.0 and 96.2 MPa, respectively, and the flexural strength from 7.4 to 12.7 and 13.8 MPa, respectively.
 For the production of reinforced concrete protective materials, it is more effective to create hybrid high-strength concrete using fibers of different nature, followed by the formation of a reinforced concrete slab of the appropriate size. At the same time, the standard provides for the manufacture of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of fortification structures and platoon support points of wall panels of the SP-1, SP-2 type and floor slabs PP-1 with a thickness of at least 300 mm from heavy concrete of strength class C32/40 with the use of plasticizers and active chemical additives.
 However, when using the obtained hybrid fiber concrete with strength class C50/60 and using a reinforcing mesh according to the calculated data, it is possible to reduce the effective thickness of the fiber concrete slab to 27.5 cm installation of fortification.
 The use of a reinforcing mesh in a complex with basalt fiber provides increased resistance of fiber concrete to the action of a high-speed impact due to an increase in the density of the cementing matrix as a result of a decrease in water consumption, as well as due to spatial three-dimensional reinforcement with dispersed basalt fiber. As a result of the mutual combination of the strength characteristics of the concrete matrix at the micro- and macro-levels in hybrid fiber concrete, it is possible to reduce the thickness of reinforced concrete elements and reduce the weight of the protective structure while meeting the requirements of the standards for such fortifications. An increase in the strength of cement stone occurs due to a decrease in the concentration of stresses in places of local stresses and a redistribution of energy throughout the volume of the material.
 The conducted studies of modern hybrid high-strength concrete with basalt fiber create new opportunities for the creation of protective concrete fortifications and fortification structures.
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Kamaitis, Zenonas. "STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF POLYMER PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES. PART II: EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 13, no. 1 (2007): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2007.9636415.
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The ingress of various gases, liquids and ions from the environment is responsible for the deterioration of concrete structures. A large number and variety of protective surface treatments and coatings on the base of polymers have been developed for application to concrete surfaces in those instances, where special protection against aggressive attack is necessary. At the same time, new protective systems are continually appearing, whose adaptability to specific environments must in every case be proved. Semi‐empirical predictive models for the deterioration over time are presented enabling design of coatings with required barrier properties. This paper describes the performance of a system based on inden‐coumarone resins over a wide variety of exposures and application conditions and presents recommendations for design of such protective coatings.
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Martinola, G. "Zementgebundene Beschichtungen zum Schutz und zur Instandsetzung von Stahlbetonbauwerken / Protective and repair layers for concrete structures." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 6, no. 3 (2000): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2000-5475.
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Abstract Cement based layers are frequently used during the repair of reinforced concrete structures nowadays. They restore the protection of the reinforcement against the penetration of aggressive substances. Protective coatings can also be applied to new structures in order to improve their durability. This paper discusses a concept for the improvement of durability of existing and new reinforced concrete structures using protective layers. To offer protection and to prevent the transport of harmful substances inside the reinforced concrete structure these layers have to be free from cracks during the planned service life. Under usual conditions such layers are submitted to different phenomena like thermal, hygral and autogenous shrinkage and swelling. These processes create a complex state of eigenstresses inside the system layer-subbase. The tensile stresses can lead to the formation of cracks and delamination of the protective layer after a few years. This paper suggests an approach for correct design of systems of protective as repair layers. For this purpose a numerical model is used in order to determine the time dependent stress distribution and the crack formation due to different loads and boundary conditions. On this basis the requirements for a layer can be formulated ad hoc as a function of the probabilistic properties of each damaged building and the risk of failure can be minimized.
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Stankiewicz, Natalia, and Michał Bołtryk. "Thin Protective Layers Made out of Special Concretes." Solid State Phenomena 259 (May 2017): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.259.101.
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All concrete and reinforced concrete engineering structures degrade over time when they are exposed to the surrounding environment. In particular, the concrete protective layer of reinforcing steel is rapidly degraded, which can lead to failure of the structure. Adequate durability of concrete coatings must be taken into consideration. This property can be ensured by modifying the composition of the concrete mix. This can be done through the implementation of appropriate admixtures and additives into cement composites. This modification, called material and structural protection, can be used in the form of thin protective layers (TPL). They are intended to protect an ordinary concrete from external aggressions. Thin protective layers made out of special concrete will be presented in the article. The impact of three different thicknesses of protective layers on properties of cement composites was investigated. Special concrete was modified with silica fume, crushed granite aggregate and superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate. Thin protective layers are characterized by very good water resistance and resistance to freezing and thawing. The layer of special concrete with increased durability due to the reduced water/cement ratio, high cement content and by using additives and admixtures, should fully protect ordinary concrete against the negative influence of the aggressive environment.
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Zhang, Shao Jun. "The Construction Quality Control Measures of Reinforced Concrete Cover Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 1094–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.1094.
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reinforced concrete structures reinforced protective layer deviation will directly affect the mechanical properties and durability of the reinforced concrete member, in relation to the structure of the use of safety and service life. The control to the protective layer of reinforced concrete structures include the following aspects: to do a good job of double sample, reinforced the blue prints.the design, production and installation of template engineering, reinforcing steel bar colligation molding process, placed, binding of fixed steel protective layer block and the requirements on the installation of the steel skeleton.
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KRIVTSOV, Yu V., Yu M. GROSHEV, S. A. KOMOV, and G. P. EREMINA. "USE OF MAGNETIC NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TO EVALUATE THICKNESS OF CONCRETE PROTECTIVE LAYER FOR ENCLOSING AND BEARING STRUCTURES AT NPP." Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction 35, no. 4 (2023): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2022-4(35)-149-155.
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Introduction. This article discusses methods and means of controlling the diameter and position of reinforcement and the thickness of the concrete protective layer, along with the contemporary techniques and devices for diagnostic and non-destructive testing of concrete. A comparative analysis of the applicability of contemporary devices was carried out.Aim. In this work, magnetic non-destructive testing was used to assess the thickness of the concrete protective layer, along with establishing the location of the upper row of rod reinforcement and embedded parts. Based on analyzing the interaction between the electromagnetic field of the sensor and the electromagnetic field of eddy currents induced by the source coil of the sensor in rebar, this method allows the diameter of the latter to be approximately estimated at an unknown protective layer.Materials and methods. As an example, the thickness of the concrete protective layer of enclosing structures (walls, floors) at power unit № 1 at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) was measured using the POISK-2.6 device.Results. The analysis of design and as-built drawings for buildings and structures of the main facility of power unit № 1 at the Kalinin NPP was carried out. The state of passive fire protection equipment at the power unit (fire doors, cable penetration seals, and ventilation fire dampers) was evaluated. The actual thickness of the concrete protective layer and the location of the reinforcement of concrete elements at the facilities of the Kalinin NPP power unit were measured as per GOST 22904-93 using electromagnetic NDT. The applicability of the magnetic NDT for determining the thickness of the concrete protective layer was shown during the inspection of building structures.Conclusions. During the inspection of the facilities, it was established that the average thicknesses of the concrete protective layer, including the thickness of the reinforcement, range from 38 to 85 mm, with the diameter of the reinforcement of 12–20 mm. During the measurements, the applicability of the method was shown; it was also confirmed that the examined structures exhibit fire endurance of at least 90 minutes, which meets the requirements of regulatory documents.
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Zou, Si Yu, Ran Huang, An Cheng, and Wei Ting Lin. "Evaluation of Protective Effectiveness and Microstructure of Silicate Concrete Sealer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.892.
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This study employed Taguchi method to identify key factors influencing the protection provided by the surface treatment of reinforced concrete structures. We evaluated the protective characteristics of silicate concrete sealer (SCS) as well as its underlying mechanisms. An L12 (27) orthogonal array was produced using seven control factors and two levels to obtain the necessary data from only twelve experiments. Tests were performed to evaluate compressive strength, water absorption, and permeability. The major factors influencing the effectiveness of SCS included the water-binder ratio of the substrate, cumulative curing time of the sealer, content of pozzolanic material, and type of sealer materials. XRD analysis and SEM observation revealed the composition and efficacy of SCS in protecting concrete. The SCS reacted chemically with the cement hydration product Ca (OH)2 and filled the pore structure with C-S-H gel, which succeeded in greatly improving the mechanical properties of the concrete.
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Jeon, Sangwoo, and Samuel Edward Rigby. "Design and numerical assessment of a rapid-construction corrugated steel-concrete-steel protective structure." International Journal of Protective Structures 10, no. 4 (2019): 470–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419619830703.
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A protective structure should be sufficiently resilient to protect its occupants from the harmful effects of an impact or explosion. In many instances, protective structures are also required to be assembled quickly, and be cost-effective. Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich structures combine the benefits of steel; ductility and anti-scabbing, and concrete; energy absorption and rigidity. Despite these favourable characteristics, the performance of profiled-plate steel-concrete-steel structures under blast and impact loads has yet to be studied in detail. This article presents the results from a numerical study investigating the efficacy of a newly proposed profiled-plate arched steel-concrete-steel structure under the loading from an extremely near-field high explosive detonation. It is observed that as arch thickness (concrete infill depth) increases, a greater proportion of energy is absorbed through concrete crushing and a larger concrete mass is mobilised. It is shown that a 240 mm arch thickness is adequate to resist the blast load from a 5.76 kg TNT charge, therefore proving the suitability of the proposed protective structure.
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Sakharov, Volodymyr, and Oleksandr Lytvyn. "The effect of an explosive shock wave on the plate of a protective structure of a critical infrastructure." Bases and Foundations, no. 47 (December 22, 2023): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.47.2023.107-114.
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The article presents the outcomes of an analysis on the stress-strain conditions of reinforced concrete structures subjected to an explosive shock wave resulting from the detonation of a combat unit from a kamikaze drone against a protective screen. When designing protective structures for critical infrastructure, employing computer simulation enables an assessment of the genuine impact of explosive loading on the structural elements' strength. The active phase of explosive loading is exceptionally brief, lasting only a fraction of a second. Under such circumstances, modeling is best performed using explicit methods of direct integration in time.
 The structure considered in this work is a reinforced concrete slab supported by a metal beam cage with I-beam cross-sections, topped with a sand backfill. The study was executed within the SIMULIA Abaqus software suite, incorporating models depicting nonlinear material behavior in a three-dimensional context. Discretely positioned reinforcement was considered for reinforced concrete structures, and the "Concrete Damage Plasticity" model was applied for concrete, accounting for damage accumulation. The devised computational scheme for the shelter represents a section of the protective structure's roof under conditions of cyclic symmetry.
 The article elucidates the core principles of incorporating explosive loading according to algorithm CONWEP.The results demonstrate that during the detonation of a kamikaze drone, an explosive wave created a crater in the sand backfill, exposing the slab. The study illustrates the development of damage in the reinforced concrete slab at various time intervals. Despite the identified damage to the slab, the protective structure overall withstood the explosive load. The intensity of the explosive shock wave diminishes significantly as it propagates away from the explosion site.
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Patapavičius, Andrius. "ASSESSMENT OF THE RELIABILITY OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE LAYER IN STRUCTURES." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 12 (July 7, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2020.11395.
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An urgency to use probability-based methods and probabilistic reliability indices in long-term quality assessments and predictions of reinforced concrete products and structures is under consideration. Carbonation nature and depth of protective concrete covers of reinforcement bars and stirrups are analysed. Effect of water-cement ratio on the carbonation rate of protective concrete covers is discussed. Analyzes of reliability of structures reinforcement with composite as spiral (transverse) usage and influence. Presented applied equations and the calculation example demonstrate a simplicity and necessities of probability-based methods.
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Kurshpel, A. V., and T. E. Lyskova. "On increasing the crack resistance of reinforced concrete structures by introducing fiberglass nets into the protective layer of concrete." Stroitel nye Materialy, no. 8 (September 7, 2024): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2024-827-8-17-24.
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Under operating conditions, the protective layer of concrete undergoes significant internal and external influences that lead to the formation of cracks. To increase the reliability and durability of reinforced concrete structures, it is proposed to install fiberglass nets in the protective layer of concrete, which is most susceptible to various aggressive influences during the operation of structures. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of fiberglass nets on increasing the crack resistance of the protective layer of concrete. The forces in the stretched concrete and in the rods of the fiberglass mesh located in the protective layer of concrete are calculated theoretically and using the software package «LIRA-CAD 2016» for a strip of concrete reinforced with a fiberglass mesh. The relative movements of the nodes in concrete and in the grid are determined and the obtained values are compared. As a result of the study, it was found that with a short-term effect of the load, fiberglass nets in the protective layer of concrete do not significantly affect the formation of cracks, with a long-term effect of the load, the presence of fiberglass nets reduces the formation of cracks by up to 2%. After the formation of microcracks in concrete, including from shrinkage deformations, fiberglass nets significantly hinder their further development.
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Lastivka, Oles. "Effectiveness of corrosion protection of reinforced concrete with thermoplastic powder coatings." Transfer of innovative technologies 7, no. 1 (2024): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.32347/tit.2024.71.01.02.
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Abstract. In modern construction, there is a persistent trend of increasing levels of corrosive aggressiveness, which negatively affects the reliability and durability of reinforced concrete buildings and structures. Achieving their effective protection from corrosion under the complex influence of various destructive environmental factors, while considering environmental protection regulations, as well as the economic and technological aspects of sustainable development, determines the focus of scientific research towards the use of innovative, durable protective coatings, among which thermoplastic coatings hold one of the leading positions. When creating such materials, the key feature is ensuring the long-term preservation of the operational characteristics of building products and structures, with the implementation of environmentally safe and economically viable production technologies. A traditional method of protecting construction products and structures from corrosion is the application of liquid paint materials based on organic compounds. The drawback of these materials is the presence of solvents in their composition, which inevitably leads to their emission during production and application, with a corresponding catastrophic impact on the environment. In connection with the tightening of health and environmental safety requirements in the industrial finishing industry, the ecological aspects of the production and use of paint materials, especially regarding the content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, and other harmful substances, are gaining paramount importance. This emphasizes the expansion of scientific research in the development of protective thermoplastic coatings that meet dual requirements: environmental friendliness and durability
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Hua, Quan, Changyun Wu, Yangshun Zhu, et al. "Design and Preparation of a Novel Double-Modified Cement-Based Protective Coating Material and Its Improved Protection Performance Against Chloride Corrosion." Coatings 15, no. 3 (2025): 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030277.
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The service of reinforced concrete structures (RCSs) in harsh coastal environments is often threatened by chloride corrosion. The penetration of chloride ions through concrete pores into the steel/concrete interface will cause the depassivation and corrosion of steel rebars, which will lead to the deterioration and failure of RCSs durability. It is important to repair and protect the corrosion damage of existing concrete structures and ensure their high durability, and the high performance of repairing and protecting materials is crucial. In this paper, a novel cement-based protective coating material with low porosity, high impermeability and chloride-corrosion resistance was designed and prepared by introducing polypropylene fiber and high-performance cement into commercial cement-based protective materials through the double modification strategy of fiber-toughening and substrate-enhancing, in order to provide a reliable corrosion protection solution for the high durability and long life of RCSs under chloride erosion environment. Based on this, the microstructure and pore structure of the double-modified coating material was systematically analyzed by SEM, XRD, X-CT and other characterization methods. The impermeability and chloride corrosion resistance of this material were scientifically evaluated, and the protection mechanism was systematically discussed. The results show that the impermeability of the double-modified coating material is about 2.8 times higher than that of the untreated mortar. At the same time, the corrosion current density was significantly reduced to 8.60 × 10−7 A·cm−2, which was about 86% lower than that of the untreated sample (6.11 × 10−6 A·cm−2). The new cement-based coating material optimized by double-modification effectively inhibits the formation and propagation of microcracks in the protective coating through the bridging effect of fibers. At the same time, the regulation of cement hydration products and the densification of pore structure are realized by adjusting the composition of cement matrix. Based on the above two aspects of microstructure improvement, the chloride-corrosion protection performance of the novel cement-based protective coating material has been greatly improved.
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Yatsenko, Anna A., Mikhail V. Chernyshov, and Karina E. Savelova. "Numerical simulation of damage to the deformed state of the coating slab of a special structure." E3S Web of Conferences 515 (2024): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451501025.
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In this paper, we strived to the goal to ensure various special structures against damage factors of high-explosive blast. Together with application of combined blast protection devices, we considered reinforcement of constructive elements and simulated the impact and interaction of detonating projectile with reinforced concrete wall. Various packages of computational mechanics which belong to ANSYS family were applied to numerical simulations, as well as the developed numerical model of reinforced media which can be effective in development of combined blast-protective structures for urban environment. Protection devices based of developed blast-protective structures combine influence of blast-absorbing multiphase media with durability of rigid reinforced base constructions, so the numerical simulation of blast wave reflection and projectile impact are also necessary for their research and development. Our computational results, achieved in this study, have shown that, owing to reinforcement, the considered coating slab retained its integrity, though some cracking and ejection of concrete really occurred.
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Zhang, Chenghan, and Jianchuan Zhuang. "Research on the Influence of Rainwater Erosion on Reinforced Concrete Structures and its Protection Methods." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 137 (April 10, 2025): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.54097/h9pc7162.
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Today, global temperature warming and industrialization have exacerbated the problem of acid rain, resulting in severe erosion risks of reinforced concrete structures. Reinforced concrete structures are widely used in daily life, especially in bridges, buildings, water conservancy and other infrastructure. Studying the erosion principle of reinforced concrete structures by rainwater and the protective precautions of the structure can reduce the maintenance cost of reinforced concrete structures, put forward suggestions for modern protective measures, more rational use of resources, maximize the realization of green buildings, and reduce energy consumption. This paper analyzes and summarizes the erosion principle of reinforced concrete structures by rain: The acidic substance in the acid rain will undergo an acid-base neutralization reaction with the cement, thus increasing the porosity. In addition, cement stone and carbon dioxide undergo a carbonization reaction, thus reducing the pH value of the internal environment of the structure, resulting in corrosion of the steel bars. Thus, affecting the bonding performance of the reinforced concrete interface, and further affecting the overall bending and compressive resistance.
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Štoller, Jiří, and Petr Dvořák. "Field Tests of Cementitious Composites Suitable for Protective Structures and Critical Infrastructure." Key Engineering Materials 722 (December 2016): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.3.
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The paper deals with field tests of cementitious composites suitable for protective structures and critical infrastructure. The tests of ballistic resistance against contact and distant explosions are performed according to the NATO standards. The results of tests of plain concrete, steel fibre reinforced concrete and high performance fibre reinforced concrete are analysed.
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Karkhut, Ihor. "Improving the crack resistance of inclined cross-sections of reinforced concrete containment shells in areas of emergency loads of pushing." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 7 (118) (2022): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.262337.
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The object of this research was the crack resistance of inclined sections of concrete and reinforced concrete fragments of protective structures under the action of emergency dynamic loads. The characteristics of dangerous emergency dynamic loads on protective structures (seismic, aircraft attack), the experience of increasing the crack resistance of inclined sections with various materials and design measures under static effects have been described. Areas of influence of dynamic loads on reinforced concrete structures reinforced with horizontal grids near the upper and lower faces need to increase crack resistance and eliminate the risk of splitting in the mesh plane. Comparison of the results of experimental studies of inclined sections of protective structures in the area of influence of local emergency load showed the feasibility of such structural measures. Additional horizontal reinforcement near the pushing face increases crack resistance by 55–65 %. When using the developed theoretical dependences, the error in determining the cracking forces and pushing strength does not exceed 20.7 %. Increased crack resistance is ensured by limiting the maximum diameters of the rods of horizontal grids and their pitch. Especially important is the arrangement of additional reinforcement in the middle zone, taking into account the actual tensile strength of concrete in the calculated dependences. Complete elimination of the danger of splitting in areas of probable action of emergency dynamic load in protective structures in the planes of the grids is recommended through the use of concrete of class not lower than C16/20, the use of reinforcement Ø12–14 mm. The optimal pitch of the rods is 50–125 mm. This makes it possible to increase the reliability of the design and operation of protective structures in case of emergency impacts, to reduce the cost of their repair after such impacts.
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Ihor, Karkhut. "Improving the crack resistance of inclined cross-sections of reinforced concrete containment shells in areas of emergency loads of pushing." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 7 (118) (2022): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.262337.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this research was the crack resistance of inclined sections of concrete and reinforced concrete fragments of protective structures under the action of emergency dynamic loads. The characteristics of dangerous emergency dynamic loads on protective structures (seismic, aircraft attack), the experience of increasing the crack resistance of inclined sections with various materials and design measures under static effects have been described. Areas of influence of dynamic loads on reinforced concrete structures reinforced with horizontal grids near the upper and lower faces need to increase crack resistance and eliminate the risk of splitting in the mesh plane. Comparison of the results of experimental studies of inclined sections of protective structures in the area of influence of local emergency load showed the feasibility of such structural measures. Additional horizontal reinforcement near the pushing face increases crack resistance by 55–65 %. When using the developed theoretical dependences, the error in determining the cracking forces and pushing strength does not exceed 20.7 %. Increased crack resistance is ensured by limiting the maximum diameters of the rods of horizontal grids and their pitch. Especially important is the arrangement of additional reinforcement in the middle zone, taking into account the actual tensile strength of concrete in the calculated dependences. Complete elimination of the danger of splitting in areas of probable action of emergency dynamic load in protective structures in the planes of the grids is recommended through the use of concrete of class not lower than C16/20, the use of reinforcement Ø12–14 mm. The optimal pitch of the rods is 50–125 mm. This makes it possible to increase the reliability of the design and operation of protective structures in case of emergency impacts, to reduce the cost of their repair after such impacts.
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Sharmila, S., and P. Keerthana. "Development of surface coating for underwater concrete structures." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.9 (2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9.9819.
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Surface coating is the most focused research problem in the construction sites to repair the deteriorated concrete. Surface coating is an most necessary process to be performed in concrete to avoid the issues such as aesthetics, sealing, chemical resistance or abrasion resistance. These coatings are termed as special resins with proper compositions of materials which can prevent the transmission of water and contaminants while at the same time keeping the structure safe. This research work focuses on preparation of surface and the protective surface coating to protect the concrete. High performance coal tar with polyurethane coating materials are used to protect concrete from chemical and mechanical attack in interior, exterior and marine environments. Coal tar with polyurethane coating systems consist of two or more components blended and applied as a film, reacted chemically to form a protective film of high integrity, excellent adhesion, toughness and impact resistance. The coating were applied on 4”x4”x4” concrete cubes and kept for one week curing the samples, thickness of the coating were ~70±5μm measured using hegman gauge. The tests such as Abrasion resistance, pull off test, water absorption test, chloride resistance test and Rapid chloride penetration testwere performed and the results exemplifies that coal tar mixed with polyurethane coating can be used for underwater concrete structures.
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Petrova, Olena, Tetiana Manushkina, Natalia Shevchuk, and Tetiana Kachanova. "Modern Materials for Fire Protection of Reinforced Concrete Agro-Industrial Structures." Key Engineering Materials 952 (August 18, 2023): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-bnrf9f.
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This article presents the results of fire properties of modern materials, namely geopolymer fire-insulating mixtures of domestic production to provide fire protection of reinforced concrete structures of the agroindustrial complex. According to the data of the fire test, it has been established that with the thickness of a fire-proof geopolymer coating of 10 mm no heating of the surface of a reinforced concrete specimen (300<380 °С) or of the armature at the depth of its embedding (124.5<500 °С) up to the limit states has been noted. It they shown that the protective coating reduces the critical temperature of brittle fracture of reinforced concrete by a factor of 1.3 during 180 minutes of the test. It has been note that due to the protective properties of the coating, the temperature of armature heating at the depth of its laying decreases 4 times in comparison with the unprotected reinforced concrete specimen during 180 minutes of the test. The mechanism of formation of an effective fine-pore structure in the coating with its developed and high heat-absorbing and dissipating capacity has been reveale due to the transition of the binder into the glass-like state, which prevents both physically and chemically bound water vapor from escaping into the hydrate new formations of the geopolymer binder.
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Wu, Jianqin, Jiannan Zhou, Ying Xu, et al. "Dynamic Responses of Blast-Loaded Shallow Buried Concrete Arches Strengthened with BFRP Bars." Materials 15, no. 2 (2022): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020535.
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This paper proposes a prefabricated basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars reinforcement of a concrete arch structure with superior performance in the field of protection engineering. To study the anti-blast performance of the shallow-buried BFRP bars concrete arch (BBCA), a multi-parameter comparative analysis was conducted employing the LS-DYNA numerical method, which was verified by the results of the field explosion experiments. By analyzing the pressure, displacement, acceleration of the arch, and the strain of the BFRP bars, the dynamic response of the arch was obtained. This study showed that BFRP bars could significantly optimize the dynamic responses of blast-loaded concrete arches. The damage of exploded BBCA was divided into five levels: no damage, slight damage, obvious damage, severe damage, and collapse. BFRP bars could effectively mitigate the degree of damage of shallow-buried underground protective arch structures under the explosive loads. According to the research results, it was feasible for BFRP bars to be used in the construction of shallow buried concrete protective arch structures, especially in the coastal environments.
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Novikov, Nikolay V., Svetlana V. Samchenko, and Galina E. Okolnikova. "Barite-containing radiation protective building materials." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 1 (2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-1-94-98.
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Due to the active development of industries using nuclear technology, the creation of highly effective and cost-effective building materials for protection against hazardous ionizing radiation is of increasing interest. Widespread in the field of radiation-protective building materials are barite-containing concrete. The purpose of this article is to establish the prospects of their use in nuclear facilities, as well as to find ways to improve their technical and operational characteristics. For this an analysis of relevant literature and scientific research in the field of radiation-protective materials and, in particular, barite-containing concrete was carried out. The advantages of barite-containing concrete are high radiation-protective properties, environmental friendliness, high density, as well as economic indicators. The disadvantages are high susceptibility to shrinkage deformation and poor resistance to cyclic temperature effects. The addition of barite to the concrete composition allows to increase the coefficient of linear absorption of -rays of the material; also, with the proper selection of the composition, such material may have strength characteristics equal to or superior to the characteristics of concrete with standard compositions. Barite-containing materials have a wide range of applications and can be used both for the production of heavy concrete in the construction of load-bearing structures and in the creation of radiation-protective coatings for walls and floors.
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Kazakov, Dmitry, Aleksandr Tkachenko, Arben Arzumanov, Leonid Bolotskikh, and Andrey Mishchenko. "Development of technology for the construction of heat-efficient monolithic vaults from basalt fiber concrete." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809041.
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The paper considers the issue of erection of structures of buildings and structures from monolithic dispersed-reinforced concrete, capable of performing not only a load-bearing, but also a protective function. The analysis of a number of dispersed-reinforced concretes with both structural and thermal insulation properties has been carried out. An increase in thermal efficiency is expected through the use of industrial porous aggregates. The technical indicators of samples of basalt-fiber-reinforced concrete with fillers: perlite and foam glass have been experimentally investigated. Experimental relationships are obtained that characterize the compressive and bending strength, as well as the thermal conductivity of the materials under study.
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Gerdes, A., and F. H. Wittmann. "Oberflächenschutzsysteme für das Erstellen von hochbeständigen Betonkonstruktionen / Protective Coatings of Concrete Structures for High Durability." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 3, no. 5 (1997): 515–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-1997-5211.
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Abstract In practice concrete structures are often exposed to various environmental impacts which determine strongly durability of concrete and concrete structures. Costs of restoration of damaged concrete structures may be extremely high, in some cases higher than demolition and rebuilding. Not only real costs and financial investment for repair measures may be exorbitant, but limited use and negative impacts on the environment have to be taken into consideration too. In this paper a concept to reach sufficient durability is being developed in which technical, ecological and economical requirements are implied. For the realisation of this concept cement-based coatings with particular high resistance against chloride penetration and carbonation play a central role. It will be shown in this contribution that this type of coatings can protect the load bearing structure in an efficient way for a predetermined period. In this way long-term durability of concrete structures and reinforced elements exposed to aggressive environment can be achieved in both an economic and ecologic way.
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Oleinik, Pavel, Tatyana Kuzmina, and Konstantin Kuzmin. "Effective technology for strengthening natural slopes and artificial structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819302040.
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The problems of strengthening mountain slopes, slopes of artificial structures and banks of water bodies are considered. The methods, materials and structures used for this purpose are given with a brief description of the work performance techniques. The experience of protecting mountain slopes due to the force inertial compaction of the concrete mix prepared in a special hermetic high-speed compulsory concrete mixer is indicated. The mixture under pressure is uniformly transported along the material line at a speed of 120-200 m/s to the nozzle. The schemes of the force inertial compaction of the concrete mix and the composition of a mechanized complex for its preparation, transportation and application are considered; recommendations are given on the composition of the team and its functions. The method of dry concreting under high pressure ensures environmental friendliness, which eliminates the need for using respirators and other protective equipment and expensive treatment plants.
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Coffetti, Denny, Elena Crotti, Gabriele Gazzaniga, Roberto Gottardo, Tommaso Pastore, and Luigi Coppola. "Protection of Concrete Structures: Performance Analysis of Different Commercial Products and Systems." Materials 14, no. 13 (2021): 3719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133719.
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The increasing demand for reconstructions of concrete structures and the wide availability on the market of surface protective products and systems could lead to misunderstandings in the decision of the most effective solution. Surface protectors have become increasingly widespread in recent years in concrete restoration interventions thanks to their properties: they are able to protect the substrate from aggressive agents and consequently extend the useful life of the structures. The aim of this article is first of all to present the surface protective treatments available on the market, outlining their strengths and weaknesses. Subsequently, a characterization of seven different commercial coatings for reinforced-concrete structures is provided, taking into account chemical nature, fields of use and effectiveness, both in terms of physic and elastic performance and resistance to aggressive agents that undermine the durability of the treated concrete elements.
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Topchiy, Dmitriy, and Egor Safenkov. "Foreign and domestic expertise in strengthening concrete structures with carbon fiber." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 14014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016414014.
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Over the last 10-15 years, Russia has faced a significant increase in the scope of reconstruction work (including restoration and overhaul) for buildings of various purposes aiming to extend the life cycle of existing facilities and to bring buildings in line with requirements of modern regulatory documents in terms of strength and increase in their energy efficiency. Strengthening the building structures with composite materials is by far the most ‘gentle’ method of restoring building structures and improving their operational performance. At the same time, there is only a small number of publications generalizing this type of strenghtening in the domestic scientific and technical literature. During the operation of buildings and structures (especially industrial ones) numerous factors cause accelerated degradation in building structures. This phenomenon is particulary strong in reinforced concrete structures due to their composite base. Practice shows that corrosive damage is one of the main factors of intensive constuction degradation of reinforced concrete structures. Therefore, these damages are caused by manufacturing defects (reduction of concrete protective layer), loss of concrete-against-reinforcement protective properties due to carbonization or damage. Corrosive damage greatly reduces the life capability and durability of reinforced concrete structures, which in turn leads to a decrease in the safety of construction site operations.
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Semko, O. V., N. M. Mahas, A. R. Mishchenko, and R. R. Mishchenko. "MOISTURE EFFECTS ON THE BUILDINGS ENCLOSING STRUCTURES." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 1, no. 50 (2018): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2018.50.1086.
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Analysis of the most common damages due to moisture effects on brick, reinforced-concrete and wooden buildings enclosing structures has been carried out. Causes of their occurrence and prevention ways have been analyzed. The most dangerous moisture types such as constructional, soil, atmospheric, operational, hygroscopic and condensed have been outlined. Measures to ensure protection against water-saturation of building elements such as eaves size, walls waterproofing, available airways, protective painting, hydrophobic impregnation, sufficient ventilation, heating, water supply systems and draining timely repairs have been recommended.
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Wang, Hong Song, Wei Wang, Rui Wang, Wen Bin Wang, Lei Li, and Qian Tian. "The Concrete Protective Effect of Silane Impregnated Materials with Different Molecular Chain Structure." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.439.
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The concrete building protection materials is widely used in the hydraulic and bridge engineering. It was found that integral silane treatment can improve the durability of concrete.Compared with other protective methods, Silicone protect materials is the most convenient and environmentally-friendly.The silicone materials can effectively block the invasion of harmful substances such as water and chloride ions, and prevent the occurrence of the freeze-thaw damage. Few studies reported the protective effects of silane material which have different molecular structures .We found that Silane with relatively long molecular chain structure have a slower evaporation rate .When the concrete surface treated with such a silane material,the concrete surface has a 22% longer time to dry, so that the depth of penetration increased 16% for a longer concrete infiltration reaction time. we also studied the impact of temperature and humidity on the drying time of silane material , found using a suitable surface moisture conditions can get better protection.
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Tsapko, Yuriy, Olga P. Bondarenko, Oleksii Tsapko, and Maryna Sukhanevych. "Justification of the Efficiency of Application of Plaster for Fire Protection of Concrete Structures." Defect and Diffusion Forum 437 (October 7, 2024): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-hdz0vg.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of using concrete for building structures is to ensure their stability and durability during operation within wide limits. Therefore, the object of research was the change in the properties of concrete during a fire and its protection when applying a heat-insulating layer of plaster, which is able to inhibit the temperature when the flame affects the coating. It has been proven that in the process of thermal action on fire-resistant plaster, the process of thermal insulation of concrete consists in the application of materials with low thermal conductivity as part of the plaster on the surface of the material. Similarly, under the influence of the burner flame, a temperature was created on the surface of the sample under the influence of the burner flame with a temperature of more than 800°С for 1800 s, the temperature on the surface of the concrete under the plaster coating did not exceed 120°С, which indicates the formation of a curtain for temperature. In this regard, experimental studies were conducted and it was established that the presence of aluminosilicate microspheres in the plaster leads to the formation of a thermally protective layer on the surface of concrete resistant to mechanical vibrations. According to experimental data, the coefficient of thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of the plaster was calculated, which is 6.22·10–7 m2/s and 0.142 W/(m∙K), respectively, due to the addition of aluminosilicate microspheres. Thus, there are reasons to assert the possibility of targeted regulation of concrete fire protection processes by using fire-resistant plaster capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which slows down the rate of heat transfer.