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1
Abayeva, К., F. Toktassynova, E. Amanbayeva, M. Shynybekov, and Ai. Oraykhanova. "FEATURES OF FORESTRY INSTITUTIONS IN A MARKET ECONOMY." International independent scientific journal, no. 45 (December 6, 2022): 3–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7418261.
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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong> <em>The following categories of forest protection are defined in the Shaldai forestry institution, general condition; protective forest belt along the highways of republican and regional significance steppe forests, pine forests (occupies 94% of the total area of the forestry). The protective categories of forests for the Beskaragai forestry institution are as follows, republican and protective forest belt along the highways of regional significance slopes of a pine forest.</em>
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Polushkovsky, Boris, and Anna Belova. "Assessment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the state of forest lands of the Novoaleksandrovsk city district of Stavropol region with the use of geoinformation technologies." InterCarto. InterGIS 27, no. 3 (2021): 346–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-3-27-346-358.
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The article analyzes the possibility of evaluating the current state of forest protection plant in the Stavropol Territory based on remote sensing data. With the help of photogrammetric and kartometric methods, space snapshots are analyzed for the model territory of the Stavropol Territory (Novoaleksandrovsky City District). The use of geo-information technologies allowed us using a cartographic method to estimate the current state of forest belt and determine their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. In the process of digitizing and decrypting, forest belts were divided into categories by destruction. In total, 2524 forest belts with a total area of 10.95 thousand hectares were allocated during the work. As a result, it was possible to assess the qualitative state of the forest belt of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district and reveal that entire and slightly destroyed protective forest belts are greater than in quantitative terms and in the area they occupy. Further, in the process of the study, the quantitative characteristics of the forest belt were established—the area was determined, and the length and width of all protective forest plantations of the Novoaleksandrovsky urban district was determined and entered into an attribute table. It has been established that the width of most of the protective forest belt (1281 pcs) in the area of the study is from 20 to 30 meters, and 1001 forest belts have a width of more than 30 m. The most common length of forest belt is less than 500 m. (1034 pcs.) and 500–1000 meters (680 pcs.). Square characteristics of protective forest plantations are much more inhomogeneous—so, completely scaffolding was revealed 247 pcs., With a total area of 1058 hectares. Slightly destroyed forest belt 1623 pcs. and their area are 7395 hectares. Significantly destroyed forest belt 41 pcs., with an area of 1734 hectares and fully destroyed—44 pcs., with an area of 213.8 hectares. The proposed research methodology and evaluation of protective forest plantations can be used for other territories of the Stavropol Territory for a more complete study of the state of the region of the region.
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Boklag, Valentyna. "THE STATE MEASURES HOW TO IMPROVE THE USE AND PROTECTION OF LAND PLANTED BY PROTECTIVE FOREST BELT." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-1-14.
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A problem of protective forest belt control expends because with the General deterioration of the existing forest belt is considered this article; a number of measures for the transfering of land plandet by protective forest belt to municipal authority, are suggested village councils. Methodjlogy. The study is based on the analysis of modern legislation, which regulates the use of the territories occupied by forest belts. We used statistical data, as well as the work of scientists who have examined the current state, the rational use and the question of the protection land for shelterbelts. The research results showed that at the moment there is no clear (correct) information, which is true for the use of forest plantations, their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. There is a need for reconstruction of the existing and creation of new belts to improve their protective function for the productive land. The practical importance. The results are scientifically substantiating the improvement of the legislative framework to regulate the use of forest windbreaks, as well as the need to transfer the shelterbelts from the state to the municipal property. Value/originality. These results provide justification for the adoption of the "Transferring Program of forest belts from the state to municipal ownership of rural and urban councils".
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Vais, A. A., G. S. Varaksin, N. V. Kozlov, K. K. Repyakh, D. D. Ponomarev, and A. S. Podluzhnaya. "Ecological role of introduced species and autochthon plants in protective tree belts of South Siberia." BIO Web of Conferences 93 (2024): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249301022.
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Assessment of the condition and morphological structure of tree species that constitute protective forest belts in southern Siberia has shown that plants perform ecological and economic functions under the most extreme conditions. The regions of Southern Siberia are characterized by a complex of negative environmental factors that have an adverse effect on the condition and growth of tree species of protective forest belts (soil conditions, lack of moisture, strong wind, salinization and deflation processes). Poplar and elm are used as introduced species in protective forest belts in South Siberia. Plants are characterized by intensive growth and average salt tolerance. Protective forest belts of autochthonous plant species (birch, pine, larch) have a more satisfactory condition compared to introduced species. However, poplar and elm grow in more difficult conditions (steppe areas of Khakassia), which determines their condition. In terms of growth intensity, as well as horizontal protection, introduced species largely exceed autochthonous plant species. Key words: protective forest belt, species, autochthonous plants, condition, morphological characterization
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Грибачева, Олеся, and Olesya Gribacheva. "Space structure of forest shelterbelt in Lugansk region agrocenosis." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3d073725a638.33764192.
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It is known that field-protective afforestation is carried out on agricultural lands for protection from abiotic and biotic factors such as dry winds, droughts, soil erosion, and also anthropogenic ones. To study spatial structure of the field-protective belts, test areas were laid in accordance with OST 56-69-83, where the following species were studied: species composition of woody-shrubby and grassy vegetation, continuous enumeration of forest stands. Based on the results of the enumeration taxation, composition of shelter belt, diameter and average height, and state of the stand according to Kraft were determined. There were no archival data on the landing time and the age of investigated forest belts. Field protection zone in the vicinity of Zolotarevka village is represented by the stand of the second generation of both seed and vegetative origin. It is located in Stanichno-Lugansky district of Lugansk region (Ukraine), in the vicinity of Zolotarevka village. Geographical coordinates of the location of the village are 48.90417º N, 39.79361º E. The main tree species (edificator) is represented by European white birch (Betula pendula Roth), planted in rows – 5 rows. The belt is not homogeneous in tree species, although initially it was created only from birch plants. In the first third of the forest belt in one vertical tier the birch is alternating with Norway maple, and then in the middle part there is European white birch. The main tree species in the second forest belt is the acicular plaque (Acer platanoides L.). At the point of contact of plants of indicated cenoses, despite the presence of a break in the work of engineering, there is mixing of these species in the first shelter belt, that is,Norway maple cut out other species of the indicated cenosis, including birch. Having studied the spatial structure and species diversity of plants of all life forms of field shelter belts (Zolotarevka village (Stanichno-Luhansky district of Lugansk region) one can conclude that it is necessary to consider these ecosystems in a sozological aspect.
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Lobanov, A. I., V. V. Mulyava, and N. A. Konovalova. "The current state of the pine shelter belt in the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory." Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 20, no. 1 (2021): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2021052.
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xModern forest shelter belts do not fully protect arable land and most often have a different life state. In theseconditions, the preservation of forest belts, their performance of protective functions in the system of agroforestry andother complex measures remains an urgent task. The studies were carried out in a field-protective forest belt located in thevicinity of the Oktyabrsky village of the Krasnoturansky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where a temporary test plotwas laid using generally accepted methods. The aim of the research was to study the current state of this forest belt by identifying the sanitary state and preservation of the stand and growth rates of Scots pine. Analysis of the current state of thestand showed that the average category of the state of trees is 1.3 points. The stand safety is 44.9%. Pine trees at the age of 28after planting have reached an average height of 11.6 m with an average diameter of 19.1 cm. The forest belt has an optimalopenwork-blown design and is capable of self-renewal naturally. To prevent further degradation of arable leached chernozems in treeless areas of the steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it is advisable to create pine forest shelter belts.
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Рулёва, О. В., та З. М. Казиева. "Средообразующие функции лесных полос варидных условиях". Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology Series Forest. Ecology. Nature Management, № 3(59) (29 грудня 2023): 98–109. https://doi.org/10.25686/2306-2827.2023.3.98.
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Введение. Природные условия аридного пояса России характеризуются почвенными и воздушными засухами, усилением интенсивности пыльных бурь и движением песков, что в совокупности оказывает значительную стрессовую нагрузку на всё живое, а также влияет на функционирование ряда отраслей народного хозяйства, в первую очередь, сельскохозяйственную, что и определяет данное исследование как актуальное. Наиболее существенное влияние на преобразование состояния среды аридных земель оказывают защитные лесные полосы. Цель исследований – изучение влияния защитных лесных насаждений на средообразующие условия аридной территории. Объект и методы. Объектом исследования стали защитные лесные полосы, расположенные в Харабалинском районе Астраханской области. Определялась зависимость скорости ветра, температурного режимов воздуха и почвы от расстояния лесной полосы. Исследования проводили на площадках, расположенных на удалении от лесных насаждений, равном высоте самого насаждения (Н) – 2,5Н, 5Н, 10Н, 15Н, 20Н, 30Н (контроль). При таксационно-мелиоративном обследовании состояния лесной полосы учитывали видовой состав, возраст, количество рядов, высоту и ширину полос, расстояние между рядами и деревьями, пространственную ориентацию на местности. Результаты. В аридных условиях Астраханской области полезащитные лесные насаждения имеют средообразующее влияние на регулирование климатических факторов. Полученные данные скорости ветра на объектах исследования показали снижение интенсивности ветрового потока в приземном слое и предотвращение образования губительных суховеев и пыльных бурь. Выявлена высокая степень взаимосвязи между показателями микроклимата и расстоянием от лесной полосы, коэффициент детерминации варьирует от 0,93 – 0,96. Выводы. Полученные многолетние данные подтверждают, что защитные лесные полосы Астраханской области представляют собой стабилизирующий фактор природной среды, оказывающий положительное многокритериальное влияние. В границах мелиоративного влияния лесных полос происходит сглаживание амплитудных колебаний температуры воздуха, особенно в вегетационный период, снижение скорости ветра, увеличение относительной влажности и как следствие формируется благоприятный микроклимат. Лесные насаждения обеспечивают устойчивость агролесоландшафтов к губительным дефляционным процессам. Introduction. The environmental conditions of the arid belt of Russia are characterized by soil and atmospheric droughts, increased intensity of dust storms and sand movement, which collectively place severe stress on every living thing and affect the functioning of a number of sectors of the national economy, primarily the agricultural one. This determines the relevance of the present study. Protective forest belts have the most significant impact on the transformation of the environment of the arid lands. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of protective forest belts on the environment-forming conditions of еру arid lands. Object and methods. The protective forest belts located in the Kharabalinsky district of the Astrakhan region were the object of the study. The dependence of wind speed, air and soil temperature regimes on the distance from the forest belt was determined. The observations were carried out at the sites located at distances expressed in multiples of the forest belt height (H) – 2.5H, 5H, 10H, 15H, 20H, 30H (control). The forest taxation and reclamation survey of the state of the forest belt took into account its species composition, age, number of rows, height and width of the belt, spacing between rows and trees, and spatial orientation on the terrain. Results. In the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, field shelterbelt forests have an environment-forming impact on the regulation of climatic factors. The wind speed data collected from the research objects indicated a decrease in the intensity of the wind flow in the surface layer, as well as prevention of the formation of devastating hot dry winds and dust storms. A high correlation between the microclimate indicators and the distance from the forest belt was revealed, with the coefficient of determination varying from 0.93 to 0.96.Conclusion. The multi-year data obtained confirm that the protective forest belts of the Astrakhan region represent a stabilizing factor of the natural environment, which exerts a positive multicriteria effect. Within the boundaries of the land reclamation influence of the forest belts, there is smoothing of the amplitude of air temperature fluctuations, especially during the growing season, along with a wind speed reduction and an increase in relative humidity. As a result, a favorable microclimate is created. Forest plantations ensure resistance of agroforestry landscapes to the destructive deflation processes.
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Kotlyarova, E., О. Kuzmina, Е. Kolesnichenko, A. Melentiev, and A. Chursin. "Dynamics of Soil Fertility Indicators in Protective Forest Plantations." E3S Web of Conferences 493 (2024): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449301013.
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The purpose of the work is to analyze the dynamics of soil fertility indicators under forest belts in comparison with the inter-belt space in the agricultural landscape due to soil transformation under the influence of adaptive landscape farming systems. A comparative analysis of the variability of soil fertility indicators in forest belts and agrocenoses revealed similar trends in its direction and intensity, which indicates the uniform nature of the soil-forming process. However, some features have been identified. The humus content in the soils of forest belts is on average slightly higher than in the space between the belts. This is caused by higher (2 times) rates of humus accumulation in them in the first period after the development of landscape farming systems. It is during this period that the weedy and rhizomatous stages of restorative succession of the herbaceous flora of forest belts are confined, characterized by a powerful vegetative mass of vegetation and, consequently, an equally significant supply of fresh organic matter, rich in nutrients, into the soil.
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Potashkina, Yustina, and Elena Ivantsova. "Influence of Field-Protective Forest Belts of Openwork Construction on the Character of Snow Distribution." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 4 (December 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2021.4.3.
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Snow in agricultural landscapes is a reserve of moisture, as well as protection of soils from deep freezing and protection of wintering plants from destructive effects of low temperatures. In the zone of insufficient moisture to which the study area belongs, the snow cover is one of the main sources of water resources, as the moisture reserves in the soil, necessary for growth and development of agricultural crops, are formed to a greater extent by meltwater infiltration. Forest belts have a direct impact on snow accumulation and character of snow deposition. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of openwork forest shelter belts on snow accumulation and snow distribution in agricultural landscapes in Ilovlinsky District of Volgograd Oblast. The snow cover was studied in the top-down direction along the slope (perpendicular to the forest belt (FB)) by laying snow measuring profiles, along which the height of the snow cover was measured with a snow measuring rod M-46 in triplicate (in the field part every 4 m, in the forest belt and plume zones every meter). According to the results of the studies, the main zones of snow accumulation were identified: the first zone (I) – the forest belt, the second (II) – the zone of snow plume formation, the third (III) – the zone of FB influence (up to 30H, where H is the plantation height), the fourth (IV) – the entire field part of the agricultural landscape. It was found that the maximum values of snow cover were recorded in the forest belt, as well as in the plume zone (1-2H). The average snow height in the field part at the level is 7 cm, which is 14 cm lower than the snow height in the FB influence zone (1-30H). In some parts of the field, the snow cover height is reduced to 5 cm. The results obtained can be used to solve various agronomic as well as anti-erosion problems.
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Zabelin, I. A., and E. I. Golubeva. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST PARK PROTECTIVE BELT OF MOSCOW." Vestnik of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Series Natural and Medical Sciences, no. 3 (2023): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/gikbfu-2023-3-1.
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The article considers the forest-park protective belt (FPPB) of Moscow and briefly outlines the stages of the development of the concept of the forest-park belt and the FPPB of Moscow in accordance with the city's master development plans. To assess its current state, a system of indicators is proposed, based on which an integrated index is calculated. A detailed analysis of the indicators and the integrated index has been conducted, allowing for the identification of three most probable scenarios for the further development of different parts of the forest-park protective belt of Moscow.
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Mayboroda, Viktor, Elvira Mayboroda, and Pavel Spirin. "Legal dynamics of leasing agricultural land and land plots covered with protective plantings." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 8 (2024): 4174. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i8.4174.
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Objective: This research aims to investigate the legal dynamics of leasing agricultural land plots integrated with protective plantings, motivated by recent legislative changes that significantly influence both agricultural productivity and environmental conservation. Methods: The authors of the article used the methods of axiological, positivist, dogmatic, historical, and comparative-legal analysis. Results: The study considers the recent legislative amendments that grant agricultural producers the right to lease land with forest belts without the need for bidding. It traces the historical development of forest plantations, highlighting their major role in intensifying agricultural production. Our results reveal that the new legislative framework allows agricultural producers to lease lands with protective forest belts without bidding, a change that highlights the complexities of balancing economic efficiency with ecological sustainability. Conclusions: The research emphasizes the unique legal challenges and opportunities presented by forest belt leasing in the agricultural context. It stipulates the need for a balanced legal framework that preserves environmental integrity, protects property rights, and supports sustainable agricultural practices. This study dwells on the evolving legal landscape of forest belt leasing and its implications for agricultural land management in Russia and similar regions. The significance of this research in its comprehensive analysis of the legal, economic, and ecological dimensions of land leasing, offering a nuanced understanding of how legislative changes shape land use strategies.
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Рахматуллин, З. З., А. Ш. Тимерьянов, И. Р. Рахматуллина, Г. Е. Одинцов, and А. К. Габделхаков. "Change of Breeds in the Field-Protective Forest Belts of the Republic of Bashkortostan." Лесохозяйственная информация, no. 1 (March 19, 2023): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24419/lhi.2304-3083.2023.1.10.
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Проанализирована динамика смены пород в тополевой полезащитной лесной полосе, произрастающей рядом с лесными культурами сосны обыкновенной, в условиях Республики Башкортостан. В лесной полосе появился благонадежный подрост сосны, подрост тополя ни на одной учетной площадке не обнаружен. Характеристика подроста сосны (густота, средние возраст, высота, диаметр) и состояние деревьев тополя изучены в 2008 и 2020 г. Выявлено, что произошла смена конструкции лесной полосы с ажурной на плотную, наблюдается частичное усыхание тополя, на некоторых участках отмечается выход подроста сосны в первый ярус. В процессе учетов 2008 и 2020 г. наибольшая густота подроста сосны (свыше 1,5 тыс. шт./га) установлена на расстоянии до 200 м от лесных культур сосны, наименьшая густота (не более 0,4 тыс. шт./га) – в центре лесной полосы. В 2020 г. мелкий подрост не обнаружен, преобладал крупный подрост, часть из которого вступила в репродуктивную фазу. Аналогичная картина наблюдается и в соседних лесных полосах, что позволяет сделать выводы о возможности смены пород в полезащитных лесных полосах, которая должна сопровождаться проведением рубок ухода. The dynamics of the change of rocks in the poplar protective forest belt growing next to the forest crops of the Scotch pine is analyzed. A forest belt 450 m long and 10 m wide grows near the village of Shigaikulbash in the Buzdyaksky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Accounting sites are laid every 50 m. Reliable pine undergrowth grows in the forest belt, poplar undergrowth was not found on any of the accounting areas. Characteristics of pine undergrowth (density, average age, height, diameter) and the condition of poplar trees were compared for 2008 and 2020. It was revealed that there was a change in the design of the forest belt from openwork to dense, there is a partial shrinkage of poplar, in some areas there is an exit of pine undergrowth to the first tier. For both periods, the highest density of pine (over 1.5 thousand units/ha) was detected at a distance of up to 200 meters from pine forest crops, the lowest density (no more than 0.4 thousand units/ha) – in the center of the forest belt. In 2020, the category of small undergrowth was not found, most of it is large undergrowth, some of which have entered the reproductive phase. A similar pattern is observed in neighboring forest belts, which allows us to draw conclusions about the possibility of changing the species of protective forest strips, which should be accompanied by logging.
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Golyadkina, Inna, Nadezhda Gorbunova, Sergey Sheshnitsan, Andrey Bahtin, and A. Tsaregorodtsev. "Features of plant litter in the conditions of old-age shelterbelt in the Kamennaya steppe." Forestry Engineering Journal 15, no. 1 (2025): 6–22. https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2025.1/1.
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The integral indicator of long-term effects of forest-forming species on soil is the stock of forest litter. In protective forest shelterbelts, the reserves of litter are estimated at 30 658.54 thousand tons, including in the forest-steppe natural zone – 11 306.76 thousand tons. The aim of this work - to characterize the features of forming forest litter in old-age forest shelterbelt. The object of study is the main forest protection belt № 43. Author of the planting of Morozov G.F., year of planting -1899. The forest belt is a mixed plantation, with the first storey of which takes up the Quercus robur L., and Acer platanoides L. of the leftmost generation and the Ulmus pumila L. form predominantly the second storey. The forest litter of the studied biozone of the forest belt is a full-profile one and consists of three subhorizons. In the forest edge zones, the construction of the plant litter is simplified and includes a humid subsounder only in a fragmentary way. The average capacity of forest litter in the protective forest belt was 6±0.5 cm, in the central part this value can reach 11 cm, with a significant variability (V = 15-41%). The litter of the forest belt is a significant amount of ash. The ash content was 21.35%. The distribution of total carbon and nitrogen is characterized by a clear peak in the forest litter, with further decline in the top mineral deposits and decrease in depth. The C/N ratio is 21, indicating a slow-decomposing forest litter. Total carbon reserves under the forest logging industry are 165 t/ha in 0-30 cm and 272 t/ha in 0-60 cm. The litter contains about 6% of total carbon stocks in a 0-60 cm layer. The data obtained by the authors can be used in biogeochemical monitoring of carbon cycle in anthropogenic ecosystems of Voronezh region.
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Dubenok, N. N., A. I. Petelko, A. V. Vypova, and R. V. Kalinichenko. "Indicators of snow reserves, runoff of melt water and water absorption in the central forest-steppe region." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 12 (November 1, 2023): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2312-04.
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The article examines the indicators of snow reserves, meltwater runoff and water absorption in the central forest-steppe region. In the stationary experiment at the experimental farm of the Novosilsk Zonal Experimental Station - a branch of the Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences – the observations were made of the main natural factors: snow deposition, freezing and soil moisture. On the drainage sites with a runoffregulating forest belts of a combined design with low-growing spirea shrubs up to 50 cm, the patterns of snow deposition were studied in order to prevent deep freezing of the soil during winters. The research has shown that low-growing shrubs contributed to the accumulation of snow cover. Before snowmelt, the slightly frozen soil, regardless of moisture, had high water absorption. In the protective forest belt, snow reserves were redistributed, which protected the soil from deep freezing. As a result of three years of observations, the surface runoff of melt water in 2018 on the control areas was weak - 11.8 mm, and on other agricultural areas with a combined runoff-regulating forest belt - very weak (6.2-7.5 mm), i.e., almost 2 times less [9] In 2019 and 2020, there was no spring runoff in all variants. Thus, the weakly frozen soil contributed to the seepage of all melt water into the underlying horizons. Water absorption in 2019 is 110.0-127.0 mm, and in 2020 – 34.0-67.0 mm. No soil washout or erosion was observed during the snowmelt period. A runoff-regulating forest belt of a combined design with lowgrowing bushes contributed to snow accumulation and its redistribution, protecting the soil from deep freezing. The effectiveness of protective forest belts, as well as the redistribution of snow reserves, is closely related to the placement of forest plantations relative to the prevailing directions of snowstorm winds. It is also necessary to take into account other factors (precipitation, the presence of thaws, agricultural background, design, qualitative composition of forest plantations, etc.) The prevailing weather conditions of past winters contributed to the accumulation of snow and the absorption of moisture into the soil. This was also facilitated by the correct location of protective forest belts. Knowing the patterns of the main natural factors, it is possible to control the erosion-hydrological process. The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, № FNFE-2022-0012 “Theoretical foundations of the erosion-hydrological process in watersheds, and conceptual directions, ways and principles of creating highly effective environmentally friendly systems for managing this process in order to completely prevent soil erosion.”
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Пухачева and Lyudmila Pukhacheva. "Ways to improve the soil protective efficiency of forest stands." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 3 (2014): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6548.
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This article discusses ways to improve soil protective efficiency, reclamation use and preservation of protective forest plantations. In addition to the hydrological and soil protection functions, these spaces contribute to a more even distribution of snow on the protected spaces and prevent them blowing away in his beams, improve the microclimate of surrounding fields and, ultimately, increase the productivity of crops. Afforestation system is the basis of territorial and environmental framework, that ensures the stability of agro-ecosystems. The major role in improving forest conditions and, as a consequence, an increase in the growth of trees, played an impoundment ability of trenches. They created additional moisture due to the detention of surface runoff from melted snow and rain water. The sharp decline in water-erosion processes, transfer a surface flow to intersoil, improves the water regime of the territory and has a beneficial effect on the growth of pendent white birch. Thus, the use of reclamation of forest belts in the variant with trenches is the highest (100%), this can be explained by regular flow of meltwater in the forest area, as subsurface flow. The trench with filler intercepts virtually the entire flow, that is absorbed in its melted bottom and filler, and during the active snowmelt in the way of overflow of trenches, flowing is held earth mound on the border of the forest belt. As a consequence, the gullies and ravines are not formed on young woodland belt, that was benefit on the growth and survival of seedlings of pendent white birch. 
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Tunyakin, Vladimir, Nataliya Rybalkina, and Leonid Shenshin. "FOREST FORMATION PROCESS IN EXTREMELY NARROW FOREST SHELTER BELT." Forestry Engineering Journal 12, no. 2 (2022): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/5.
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In the last 30 years, hundreds of thousands of hectares of young shelterbelts in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Russia were left without proper forest management, and their condition is deteriorating every year. Forest belts are losing their protective and ameliorative functions, while the degradation of agricultural landscapes under the pressure of intensive production continues. For the successful functioning of agricultural landscapes, the presence of forest components is necessary, as stated by the founder of Russian soil science, prof. V.V. Dokuchaev. The article reveals the process of evolution of the forest belt, consisting of a narrow chain of English oak biogroups into a full-fledged forest biocenosis. Forest elements are formed in the forest belt: forest edge, forest litter, self-sowing of oak, Norway maple, red leaved ash, pear, hawthorn and blackthorn. The unsatisfactory condition of 58-year-old oak trees grown per 1 m2 from two to twelve pieces without thinning has been analyzed. The authors came to the conclusion that Yu. Odum's theory of "mutual assistance" among individuals of a biogroup is valid only at the initial period of development of a single plant of a biogroup, after which competition begins. To obtain a viable biogroup, it is necessary to regulate the number of plants, in this case, oak trees. The process of regulation should be started from the moment of closing the crowns in the biogroup
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Potashkina, Yustina, and Alexander Koshelev. "Impact of Field-Protective Forest Belts on the Microclimate of Agroforest Landscape in the Zone of Chestnut Soils of the Volgograd Region." Forests 13, no. 11 (2022): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111892.
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Protective afforestation at the regional level is aimed at ensuring optimal agroecological conditions on agricultural land, including the regulation of microclimate on agricultural land. However, the issue of seasonal variability of microclimatic indicators in the zone of the forest shelterbelt and in different soil and climatic conditions is insufficiently studied. The research purpose is to determine the seasonal influence of aerodynamic parameters of the forest belt on the complex of microclimatic factors in the zone of chestnut soils of southern Russia. The research object is represented with agroforest landscapes of the Kachalinskoe experimental farm of the Ilovlinsky district of the Volgograd region. The study area is typical for this region in terms of soil cover and structure of protective forest plantations. The paper presents the results of a 30-year study of the microclimate in the openwork-structure forest belt. The ameliorative influence of the forest belt is determined by its height and construction. We have studied the microclimate indicators, such as wind speed, soil temperature and moisture, air temperature and humidity. We have carried out their instrumental measurements in the forest belt and in the adjacent territory at distances of 3H, 5H, 8H, 10H, 15H, 20H, 25H, 30H (H is the height of the stand in the forest belt) from the forest belt. The measurements were made once a season (summer, autumn, winter) in three-time intervals during the day. The research has shown that positive influence of forest belt on soil temperature in spring and autumn periods is traced up to 10–15H, in winter period there is no influence. The most distinct influence was noted in summer observations, so the average difference of temperatures in summer at 15H in the in the forest belt was 28%; in autumn, the same difference was 15%. The positive influence on soil moisture in the autumn period is most clearly traced, so the average difference in soil moisture indicators near the forest belt and agrolandscape is 18% and 2% in the summer period. The average temperature difference near the forest belt and 20H is only 4%, and 1% in the summer period. Effective reduction of wind speed occurs at 25–30H in the summer season, 15H in the autumn, and 15H in the winter periods. The difference in wind speed near the forest belt and average temperature in the agrolandscape is 52% in summer, 40% in fall, and 30% in winter. The results obtained are an attempt to assess the ameliorative impact of the forest belt on microclimatic indicators under conditions of regional climate change, and to make adjustments in the applied agricultural technologies for cultivation of crops in the inter-belt space.
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Kramareva, Tat'yana, Nadezhda Gorbunova, and Elena Kulikova. "MIGRATION FEATURES OF HEAVY METALS IN FOREST LANDSCAPES." Forestry Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (2022): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2021.4/6.
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The use of field-protective forest plantations in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Central Black Earth region is an effective reclamation technique. Forest belts reduce wind speed, reduce the harmful effects of dry winds. An important feature of forest belts is the accumulation and uniform distribution of snow in the fields. This leads to an improvement in the water balance, and at the same time to the transformation of soils. According to the data obtained, a significant reliable change in chernozems under the influence of forest belts in the conditions of the Kamennaya Steppe was revealed. There was a change in morphological characteristics, humus content, pH of the soil solution in chernozems under forest vegetation. This transformation entailed a change in the total content of HMs and their exchange compounds. There are changes in the profile redistribution of the studied HMs under tree crops. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship in the distribution of pH, humus, total content, and exchangeable HM compounds. Variational analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of the data obtained showed significant differences in the studied indicators between arable land and forest belt. There is a natural decrease in the coefficient of variation from the forest belt to arable land. This phenomenon occurs due to the fact that (in the process of plowing) mixing of the soil mass and leveling of spatial differences in the content of humus, pH, as well as the gross content and exchange compounds of HMs takes place. In the forest belt, soil conditions are determined by the vegetation, which makes the difference
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Chekanyshkin, Aleksey S. "Growth and Condition of the English Oak in the Mixed Stands of Forest Shelterbelts." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3 (June 10, 2024): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2024-3-65-72.
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An analysis of the creation and operation of protective forest plantations at agricultural enterprises of the Central Chernozem Region allows us to assert that positive ameliorative functions are performed by those forest plantations that have good growth, high stability and longevity. Russian forestry scientists have recognized that the main species in the steppe conditions for all types of protective forest plantations is the English oak. The aim of the research has been to assess the current state of the stands in forest shelterbelts planted via different methods with the English oak as the main species. Taxation works and forest pathology research were carried out in 1997–2021 in the forest shelterbelt no. 9, established in the spring of 1989 by 2-year-old seedlings in the land-use territory of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Experimental Production Farm “Znamya Oktyabrya” of the Talovskiy District of the Voronezh Region. It has been established that the influence of combinations of tree species in forest belts on the growth of the English oak at the age of 32 years is quite significant. As a result of competitive relations for environmental resources by fast-growing and associate species, the number of live oak trees in a continuous row planting option is 35.6...52.1 % less than in intermittent forest belt options, of their number during planting. The remaining sharply oppressed oak trees in the plantation sown in the continuous row planting way are far behind in height and stem diameter (by 0.8...7.6 m and 4.1...12.7 cm, respectively) compared to the oaks growing in the intermittent forest belts sown in a block planting way. The absence of improvement felling in the experimental plantations during their growth and formation has led to a significant number of dead oak wood and non-viable trees of this species. Moreover, the proportion of dead oak wood and non-viable trees in the forest belt sown via continuous row planting exceeds the indicator in the intermittent forest belts by 36.6...40.6 %. The number of viable oak trees in the intermittent belt options is 17.7...27.3 % higher than in the continuous row planting option, and the number of limitedly viable trees is 11.5...18.9 % higher.
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РАХМАТУЛЛИН, З. З., А. Ш. ТИМЕРЬЯНОВ, И. Р. РАХМАТУЛЛИНА, Г. Е. ОДИНЦОВ та А. К. ГАБДЕЛХАКОВ. "ДИНАМИКА СМЕНЫ ПОРОД В ПОЛЕЗАЩИТНЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЛОСАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БАШКОРТОСТАН". Сибирский лесной журнал, № 3 (30 червня 2023): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.15372/sjfs20230303.
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Проблема смены лесных пород в полезащитном лесоразведении остается слабо изученной. Проанализирована динамика смены пород в тополевой полезащитной лесной полосе длиной 450 м и шириной 10 м, произрастающей рядом с лесными культурами сосны обыкновенной ( Рinus sylvestris L.) в степной зоне, вблизи д. Шигайкулбаш Буздякского райна Республики Башкортостан. Учетные площадки заложены через каждые 50 м. В лесополосе произрастает благонадежный подрост сосны, подроста тополя ( Populus L.) ни на одной из учетных площадей не обнаружено. Дана сравнительная характеристика подроста сосны (густота, средние возраст, высота, диаметр) и состояние деревьев тополя за 2008 и 2020 гг. Выявлена смена конструкции лесополосы с ажурной на плотную, отмечены частичное усыхание тополя, а на некоторых участках - выход подроста сосны в первый ярус. Наибольшая густота сосны (свыше 1.5 тыс. шт./га) выявлена на расстоянии до 200 м от лесных культур сосны, наименьшая (не более 0.4 тыс. шт./га) - в центре лесополосы. В 2020 г. категории мелкого подроста не обнаружено, в основном - это крупный подрост, часть из которого вступила в репродуктивную фазу. Наблюдалось усыхание деревьев тополя. Этому способствовал комплекс причин: полное отсутствие в лесополосах агротехнического ухода, засуха, повторяющаяся в течение нескольких лет и предельный в условиях степи возраст деревьев. Подрост тополя по всей протяженности лесной полосы отсутствовал. Аналогичная картина отмечалась и в соседних лесополосах, что позволяет сделать выводы о фактической смене тополя бальзамического ( Populus balsamifera L.) на сосну обыкновенную в полезащитных лесных полосах, которая должна сопровождаться проведением рубок ухода и агротехнической обработкой почвы на закрайках лесополос с последующим формированием молодого поколения соснового древостоя ажурной конструкции. The problem of changing tree species in protective afforestation remains poorly covered. The dynamics of species’ change in poplar ( Populus L.) protective forest belt growing next to the forest crops of the Scotch pine ( Рinus sylvestris L.) is discussed in the article. A forest belt 450 m long and 10 m wide grows in the steppe zone near the village of Shigaikulbash, Buzdyaksky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Accounting plots are laid every 50 m. Reliable pine undergrowth in the forest belt, poplar undergrowth was not found on any of the accounting plots. Comparative characteristics of pine undergrowth (density, average age, stem height, and diameter) and the condition of poplar trees were compared for 2008 and 2020. It was revealed that there was a change in the design of the forest belt from openwork to dense, there is a partial shrinkage of poplar, in some areas there is an exit of pine undergrowth to the first tier. For both periods, the highest density of pine (over 1.5 thousand trees/ha) was detected at a distance of up to 200 meters from pine forest crops, the lowest density (no more than 0.4 thousand trees/ha) - in the center of the forest belt. In 2020, the category of small undergrowth was not found, most of it is large undergrowth, some of which have entered the reproductive phase. The drying of poplar trees is observed. This was facilitated by a complex of reasons: the complete absence of agrotechnical care in the forest belts, a drought that has been recurring for several years and the maximum age of trees in the conditions of the steppe. There is no poplar undergrowth along the entire length of the forest strip. A similar pattern is observed in neighboring forest belts, which allows to make a conclusions about the actual change of balsam poplar ( Populus balsamifera L.) to Scotch pine in protective forest belts, which should be accompanied by logging and agrotechnical tillage on the edges of forest belts, followed by the formation of a young pine tree stand of openwork design.
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Vedeneeva, Varvara. "Influence of classical agrotechnics of crop cultivation on soil fertility in a forest ameliorated agro-landscape." BIO Web of Conferences 149 (2024): 01056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414901056.
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The article presents the analysis of soil-climatic characteristics of forest ameliorated agrolandscape. It was found that in the conditions of light chestnut soils, the use of the classical farming system, namely, the combination of sideral fallow and cultivation of row crops and leguminous crops contributes to the accumulation of moisture in the soil. In the meter layer soil moisture in the agrolandscape was 14.35%, in the forest belt 10.65%. The ameliorative effect of the forest belt on reducing the proportion of physical clay in the granulometric fractions of soils under the forest belt was noted. At the same time, the organic carbon stock in the ameliorative protective forest belt averaged 21.3 tC/ha in the root-inhabited 30 cm soil layer, while in the agrolandscape - 23.0 tC/ha.
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Tyburski, Łukasz, and Ryszard Szczygieł. "Rules for the construction of firebreaks along public roads in selected European countries." Folia Forestalia Polonica 65, no. 4 (2023): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2023-0020.
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Abstract Firebreaks are one of the protective measures used to safeguard forests in case of fire. Their purpose is to limit the possibility of fire spreading. This article describes how these protective measures are implemented along public roads in selected European countries. Based on the information gathered, it was found that there is a wide variety of approaches to firebreaks’ construction, mostly due to different climatic and geomorphological conditions that influence the overall risk of forest fires. The forms of firebreaks used in Europe along public roads are either a mineralised belt (without vegetation) or a cleared belt of materials that are particularly susceptible to ignition and fire spread. Methods combining both are also used. In Poland, there is a Type A belt, that is, a 30-m-wide belt at the border of a roadway or a facility that is free of dead trees, lying branches and felled or broken trees. In the absence of pan-European rules on preventive measures to protect forests from road fires, it might be helpful to establish a set of best practices that could assist in the revision of guidelines in individual countries.
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Koshelev, A. V., N. A. Tkachenko, and M. O. Shatrovskaya. "Decoding of forest belts using satellite images." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 875, no. 1 (2021): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/875/1/012065.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of decoding the current condition of protective forest plantations of the Volgograd region and their digital inventory mapping on the basis of remote sensing methods and GIS technologies. We have applied a three-level analysis of the system of forest belts located within an administrative district, a farmstead, and a single forest belt. The laboratory visual interpretation of space images has allowed us to analyze the horizontal projection of the forest belts canopy and crowns, their placement in the canopy, as well as pattern and structure. We have also deciphered the signs of the prevailing patterns of tree species mixing. As a result of the research, we have created digital cartographic models of forest belts, compiled digital standards of elm stands in a given age period, assesse taxation and reclamation features of the current state of plantations. The results obtained can be used to monitor the state of plantings and create a local agroforestry GIS.
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Kulik, Anastasia, Oleg Gordienko, and Maxim Shaifullin. "Impact of old - growth protective forest belts on slope agroforest landscape condition." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 16, no. 3 (2024): 1118–29. https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2024-16-3-1118-1129.
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Introduction. Slope lands are less resistant to external influences and more prone to degradation. Their agricultural use is possible only with the creation of complex agro forest ameliorative protection, the basis of which are forest belts. In hard climatic conditions, old - growth forest belts (even with changes in their composition and preservation) contribute to the improvement of microclimatic conditions on the entire slope. The aim of the research was to study the condition of old - growth protective forest belts placed on soils of limited forest suitability and their impact on the sustainability of the slope agro forest landscape. Research methods and materials. The research was conducted within the slope agro forest landscape on the territory of Kletsky district of Volgograd region (Russia) on the right side of the Don River with slopes of 1.8-3.1°. The study of ameliorative influence of forest belts was carried out along the profile in the direction from top to bottom of the slope perpendicular to the forest belts at control points. Mixed soil samples (0-30 cm) were taken for further determination: hydrogen index of water extract, organic carbon content, salinity. Soil color was determined in the field. Soil transects were laid out to characterize soils on the inter - band space and in forest belts. During the taxation of forest belts, we determined the average stand height, average trunk diameter, stand forest site and fullness, stock, and degree of preservation. The study of their microclimatic influence was carried out at a distance multiple of the distance of their influence. At the same time we determined: relative humidity and air temperature; soil surface temperature; wind speed at the height of 0-5 cm, 50 cm and 150 cm, soil moisture every 10 cm to the depth of 1 m (or to the depth of opoka). Statistical processing of the results was carried out in XLstat. Research results. Soil cover of the fields of inters trip spaces is homogeneous and is represented by agro - temporal agro - dark - chestnut soils of skeletal clay - carbonate, clayey - alluvial skeletal deep - salty underlain by polka. In general, soils belong to the category of limited forest suitability. Limiting factors are depth of polka bedding, high content of salts and carbonates. Forest belts made of squat elm were less durable than those made of petiole oak. Long - term use of the area in two - field crop rotation influenced the accumulation of organic matter. Forest belts contributed to the reduction of soil surface heating. The influence of forest belts on wind regime regulation is stronger when the wind flow speed increases (more than 2 m/s). Discussion of the research results. Soils in forest belts are transformed to the greatest extent. In soils of forest belts in soil - forming and transitional to it rock depressing content of chlorides (0,01-0,03%), and sulphates toxic (more than 0,3%). The inters trip soils from the BMK horizon also showed a depressing chloride content increasing down the profile. In the soil - forming and transitional to it rock the content of sulphates increases up to toxic. Increase of organic carbon content with approach to forest belts was found, and its correlation with the development index of humus - containing layers (ADI) (R2 = 0.94) was noted. The difference between the soil surface temperature on the inters trip space and in the forest belt reached more than 9.5°C in May and 6.2°C in August. The difference in air humidity values inside the forest belts compared to the field was more than 3% in spring, and in summer it did not exceed 1%.
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Gribacheva, Olesya, Aleksey Chernodubov, and Dmitriy Sotnikov. "ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF A PROTECTIVE FOREST BELT ON SNOW DEPOSITION IN UNPAK LNAU " KOLOS»." Forestry Engineering Journal 10, no. 3 (2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.3/5.
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The authors in this article reviewed and analyzed works that consider the features of the distribution of snow cover under the influence of field protection belts. The aim of the work is to study the influence of forest shelter belts on snow accumulation depending on the climatic conditions of the city of Lugansk. The research was carried out in the city of Lugansk, on the basis of the educational and production agricultural complex "Kolos" of the Lugansk national agrarian university (UNPAK LNAU "Kolos"). The object of research is forest shelter belts of openwork-blown structure. A VS-43 snow meter was used to measure the mass of the snow cover. The depth of the snow cover was measured with a portable snow gauge M-104. The density of the snow mass and the water reserve in the sample were calculated mathematically. The authors found that the average height of snow cover on the windward side of the shelter belt is from 6.00 to 10.25 cm and the sample weight is from 33.50 to 68.75 grams. The data obtained indicate that more snow accumulates on the leeward side of the field protection strip than on the windward side. The minimum height of the snow cover on the windward side is 3 cm, and the maximum is 9 cm. Whereas the minimum height of the snow cover on the leeward side is 10 cm, and the maximum is 17 cm. The authors emphasize that as a result falling out of common ash from the strip, there is a tendency of transformation of the strip from openwork-blown to blown, when the height of the snow cover rarely exceeds 1 m and snow is blown out from under the canopy of the forest belt.
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Holoborodko, K. K., M. V. Shulman, I. M. Loza, and O. Ye Pakhomov. "Characteristics of artificial forest belts invasion by Parectopa robiniella (Clemens, 1863) (Gracillariidae stainton, 1854) in Dnipropetrovsk oblast." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 50 (September 17, 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/442107.
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We studied characteristics of invasion by Parectopa robiniella Clemens, 1863 the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia Linnaeus, 1753) plantations used for field protection and anti-erosion purposes on the example of an artificial forest belt in Mayorka village in Dnipropetrovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Mykilsky Forestry of the Dnipro Forest Enterprise). Monitoring surveys were conducted during the growing seasons of 2014–2021. The invasion of field-protective forest belts does not appear evenly; we found that the tree age is the main factor in this process. Because black locust plantings occupy the most significant area among artificial field-protective plantings in Ukraine, we studied the characteristics of their invasion by the insect species. It was found that R. pseudoacacia manifests itself relatively actively in almost all natural zones in Ukraine, mainly due to its spread by root growth. The forest belt surveys allowed us to distinguish three age-related variants of R. pseudoacacia trees (initial trees planted in composition of a forest belt (50–70 years), sprouting trees (15–25 years), and young trees (up to 15 years)). Monitoring surveys have shown varying degrees of P. robiniella invasion of three age groups of trees. It was discovered that the invader mainly develops mines on the leaves of young trees (up to 15 years old). According to the results of calculating the average number of mines on a simple leaf, it turned out that P. robiniella most often formed the mine on the lower (near the petiole) leaf segment in all three age tree groups. Determination of the characteristics of the relative invasion of simple leaflets from the total number of damaged leaflets showed that the invasion of the leaf blade was highest within the location of the middle leaflets on Robinia complex leaf. Such characteristics of invasion can be explained by the different growth rates of R. pseudoacacia leaf blade and the quality characterization of leaf tissues. Thus, our survey confirmed the assumption of O. V. Sinchuk (2016) that the topical specificity of invasion derived from the peculiarities of divergent leaf development and acropetal leaf development of the feeding plant.
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Pesotskaya, V. V. "To ornitofauna of the maniforated forestry of the Kharkov region." Ecology and Noospherology 30, no. 1 (2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031910.
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Modern forest belts are a large, complex and important part of the biosphere. The unique biocenoses in which specific ornithocomplexes are formed which include birds of different ecological groups are and feed on synanthropic species, birds of the forest, birds of the fields. The aim of the research is to study the features of the formation of ornithocomplexes of different (maple-ash purge forest belts, mixed dense forest belts, acacia purge forest belts, maple-lime openwork forest belts) protective forest belts within the Kharkiv region. In the course of the research we have registered 44 species of birds belonging to 8 rows Falconiformes, Galliformes, Columbiformes, Cuculiformes, Upupiformes, Piciformes, Passeriformes, Ciconiiformes. The formation of ornithocomplexes of protective forest belts depends on various factors. Outstanding is the phytocoenotic composition of forest belts and age structure of plantations. Settling of birds in shelterbelts afforestation occurs gradually, with the growth of trees and change conditions of the biocenosis. The avifauna of maple-ash-tree scavenging forest belts is represented by 39 species of birds. Dominant and subdominant are: ficedula albicollis Temm., Fringilla coelebs L. In mixed shelterbelts purge nest 38 species of birds, is during foraging 2 types. Mixed dense forest belts inhabit 44 species of birds, biodiversity is associated with the floristic composition of the forest belt with significant density and well-formed undergrowth compared to other forest belts. Avifauna gorobinci purge belts are 26 species of birds. Ornithocomplex maple-lime fishnet shelterbelts are 41 species of birds. Analyzing the features of the formation of avifauna of forest belts, it can be argued that these biotopes are inhabited by birds of different ecological groups, biotopes, synanthropic species, birds of the forest, birds of the fields, are able to form unique biotopes. Therefore, field-protective forest plantations combined complex ecosystems. Analyzing the index of similarity of biodiversity of different types of forest belts, it can be argued that the most similar in species composition of birds are mixed dense forest belts and maple-lime openwork forest belts (jacquard Index – 93.1 and Serensen index 96.4) and maple-ash scavenging forest belts with mixed scavenging forest belts (jacquard Index-92.6 and Serensen index 96.2). Determined the relative numbers of registered types for zaplanovano classification V. P. Balka (2009): the most numerous Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs L.), Zelenyak (Chloris chloris L.), goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis L.), Linnet (Acanthis cannabina L.), song thrush (Turdus philomelos Brehm.), sorokopud of thorns (Lanius collurio L.), Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia L), magpie (Pica pica L.), grey crow (Corvus cornix L.). Rare species are common berestyanka(Hippolais icterina L.), common Buzzard (Buteo buteo L.), common urticaria (Sylvia nisoria L.). The nature protection status of certain bird species is analyzed. 1 species listed in the Red book of Ukraine, 2 species In the red list of Kharkiv region. 2 types to the Washington Convention. Berne Convention Annex II (BC2) – 23 species, Berne Convention Annex III (BC3) – 13 species of birds, Bonn Convention Annex II (Bu2) – 10 species, Bonn Convention Annex I (BO1) – 2 species and 6 species of birds have no conservation status.
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Kurka, S., and G. Ishchuk. "Current state of protective forest plantations with Sophora japonica (Sophora japonica L.) in the southern regions of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(183) (November 23, 2023): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2023-183-2-121-129.
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The results of studies of the state, growth dynamics and agroforestry efficiency of shelterbelt forest plantations of different species composition in the southern regions of Ukraine are presented. The positive impact of shelterbelt forest plantations on the state of agricultural land is noted, which is manifested in the termination of water and wind erosion, accumulation of moisture in the soil, creation of a favourable microclimate in crops, increase in overall biodiversity, which leads to yield enhancement of field crops by 15 %. Their optimal species composition, parameters and optimal structure in the respective types of habitat conditions are determined. The current state and silvicultural and taxation indicators of shelterbelts were analyzed. A survey of plantations with Sophora japonica growing on the territory of Odesa and Mykolaiv regions was conducted. In these plantations, the heights and diameters of trees were measured, their condition was established, planting schemes were established for the creation of 2-4-6-row forest strips, and their current density at the age of 30 to 96 years was determined. Field-protective belts with Sophora japonica compared to Quercus robur, which are created on ordinary black soils, are well adapted to the arid climate. They have significantly higher productivity in all types of plantings and are endowed with a whole complex of high adaptive and economically valuable features, thanks to which they can be widely used in planting field-protective forest belts. It has been established that the current state of protective forest plantations is significantly negatively affected by anthropogenic factors: trees are damaged by unauthorized fellings, every year, a significant part of them is damaged by fire during the stubble burning, the plantations located near the settlement are used as a place for storing household and other waste, and uncontrolled grazing is carried out. To increase the effectiveness of protective forest plantations, we recommend bringing the plantations into proper sanitary condition through selective sanitary felling; to carry out reconstruction in the field protection plantations, as well as to organize monitoring of pest foci and control unauthorized fellings. Key words: forest shelter belt, reconstruction, main species, sanitary condition of a plantation, steppe zone, productivity.
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Prushchik, Anastasia, Vladimir Vytovtov, Yulija Rubanik, and Sergey Boev. "The erosion control role of linear boundaries on a slope." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454801013.
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The paper presents an assessment of soil protection from erosion by forest strips on the experimental fields of the scientific unit of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kursk FARC" (Medvensky district, Kursk region). The soil is leached chernozem (Chernozems leached), mediumthick, heavy loam on loess-like loams, slightly eroded. Poplar forest strips located in the lower part of the slopes of northern exposure, at the transition of slopes 3–40, were chosen as anti-erosion linear boundaries. To determine the soil absorption capacity, the method of sprinkling drainage areas was used. When carrying out sprinkling, forest litter was removed from the soil surface. The steady-state rate of soil absorption under field conditions was obtained to be the same within the error and amounted to, on average, 0.34±0.02 mm/min. The steady-state rate of absorption in a forest belt of twenty years of age is higher by 75.0% than in the field and by 15.1% than in a poplar forest belt with a tree stand of 40 years of age. The anti-erosion complex fulfills the task of strengthening the soil-protective role of the farming system.
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Azizov, Zakiulla Mtyullovich. "Yield of winter wheat of millet, of spring wheat in the crop rotation from distance of forest shelterbelt by basic tillage method soil and of nitrogen fertilizer." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 4 (April 29, 2019): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i4pp4-9.
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They are analyzed changes in yields of winter wheat were seeded on black fallow, of millet sown on winter wheat, of spring wheat were seeded on millets with the distance from shelterbelt forest belt (field-protective forest belt) by basic tillage method soil on the background of nitrogen fertilizers and on the natural background of fertility were analyzed. Regardless of the distance to the crops from the shelterbelt forest belt, it is agronomically expedient and energetically beneficial to use winter wheat, millet and spring wheat for shallow plowing to a depth of 14-16 cm. In all the years of research, the yield of a winter crop increased by a significant amount of fertilizer when the plots finding from the shelterbelt forest belt were located at a distance of 130 m on the options of plowing and subsurface plowing. Nitrogen fertilizers in action for almost all the years of research, regardless of the distance between the plots and the shelterbelt forest belt, increased the crop yield by a significant amount for all soil treatment options. Regardless of the distance of the plots finding from the shelterbelt forest belt, a decrease in the yield of millet on both backgrounds was observed in the options of disking and subsurface plowing compared to the option of plowing. On average, over the years of observations, as well as in 2015 and 2017, both on a natural fertility background and in the aftermath of using nitrogen fertilizers when finding plots from the shelterbelt forest belt at a distance of 130 and 70 m after disking, the yield of spring wheat was by a significant amount lower than after plowing. In 2017, in a favorable background, regardless of the distance of the plots finding from the shelterbelt forest belt on the natural fertility background, the yield of spring wheat on the options for shallow plowing, subsurface plowing and disking was significantly lower than after plowing. Nitrogen fertilizers in the aftermath allowed to increase the yield of spring wheat on options for shallow plowing and subsurface plowing, which varied within the error of experience in relation to the option of plowing (control) when finding plots from the shelterbelt forest belt at a distance of 10 and 70 m.
 
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Гладинов, Алексей Николаевич, Елена Викторовна Коновалова, and Сэсэг Чойжинимаевна Содбоева. "CURRENT STATE OF PROTECTIVE FOREST LANDS IN THE BICHURSKY DISTRICT OF BURYATIA." Вестник Бурятской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии имени В. Р. Филиппова, no. 4(61) (December 25, 2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34655/bgsha.2020.61.4.018.
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В статье рассматривается современное состояние лесомелиоративных полос в растениеводческих районах Республики Бурятия, достигших в настоящее время в своем развитии дигрессивного уровня. В соответствии с методикой исследования определялся состав древостоя обследованных лесозащитных полос. В ходе исследования обращалось внимание на конструктивные особенности устройства лесополос, определялись основные таксационные показатели, форма кроны, общее состояние и степень усыхания кроны деревьев, дана оценка состояния лесополос. В статье приведен показатель общего процента здоровых деревьев на участках, который составил 42%. Деревья, требующие замены, составляют, соответственно, 58%. Это деревья, имеющие различные повреждения и разную степень усыхания кроны. Нужно отметить, что обследованная лесополоса утратила свои полезащитные функции по причине низкоплотности и редкостойности с наличием большого числа выключений. К дигрессивному состоянию лесополос привело полное отсутствие ухода за ними на протяжении более 25 лет, ранее они были в ведении несуществующего сейчас колхоза «Победа», поскольку расположены на его полях. Сейчас у лесополос собственник отсутствует. В связи с этим за их состояние никто не несет ответственности, не проводится их реконструкция. На основании проведенных исследований был сделан вывод, что для восстановления защитных функций обследованных лесополос необходимо проведение их реконструкции (на 58%) путем замены (обновления) перестойных и в разной степени высохших деревьев при сохранении видового состава, опашка лесополос и организация их своевременной очистки. The article considers the current state of forest reclamation belts in the plant growing regions of the Republic of Buryatia, which have reached a digressive level in their development now. According to the research methodology, was determined the compound of the surveyed forest protection belts trees. During the research, attention was paid to the constructive specialties of forest belts structure, were determined the main taxation indicators, the shape of the crown, the general condition and drying degree of the tree crown, was given an assessment of the condition of the forest belts. The article gives an indicator of the total percentage of healthy trees in the plots, which was 42%. Respectively, trees which demand to replace account for 58%; these trees are with different damages and degrees of crown drying. It should be noted that the surveyed forest belt has lost its field-protective functions due to its low density and scarcity, with the presence of a large number of outages. Over 25 years without any care about forest belts led to their digressive condition; earlier they were under the jurisdiction of the now defunct collective farm «Pobeda», since they are located in its fields. Now the forest belts have no owner. In this regard, nobody is responsible for their condition, they are not being reconstructed. Based on the research it was concluded that for restore the protective functions of the surveyed forest belts, it is necessary to reconstruct them (by 58%) by replacing (renewing) old-growth and, to varying degrees, dried trees while maintaining the species composition, plowing of forest belts and organizing their timely cleaning is necessary.
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Рулев, А. С., О. В. Рулева, and Д. К. Сучков. "Soil and Taxation Assessment of Modular Protective Forest Strips." Лесохозяйственная информация, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24419/lhi.2304-3083.2021.1.07.
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Охарактеризована модульная полезащитная лесная полоса землепользования «Качалинское» Волгоградской обл. Описана методика проводимых исследований, рассматривается пространственная ориентация полезащитных лесных полос, породный состав, высота, подрост, схема смешения, количество рядов, расстояние между рядами и посадочными местами в ряду, густота и сохранность насаждений, ширина лесных полос, их конструкция и ажурность. В ходе проведенных исследований проанализированы основные характеристики полезащитных лесных полос. Наблюдения показали, что по высоте деревьев и среднему диаметру в рассматриваемых вариантах посадки в первые годы жизни в модульной лесной полосе древесные растения развивались лучше, чем в сплошной (контрольной), затем произошло выравнивание значений этих показателей. Приведены данные по сорной растительности в модулях, межмодульном пространстве и в сплошной полезащитной лесной полосе. Выявлено, что количество сорняков в модуле в 2 раза меньше, чем в сплошной лесной полосе, а в межмодульном пространстве в 1,5 раза больше за счет лучшей освещенности из-за разреженности и низкой высоты кустарников. Условия роста и развития деревьев и кустарников в модульной лесной полосе лучше, чем в сплошной, за счет благоприятного влажностного режима почвы, что обусловлено мелкопрерывистым профилем насаждения (чередованием по длине полосы участков деревьев и кустарников и только кустарников). The article deals with the issues related to the characterization of the Kachalinskoye modular protective forest land-use zones in the Volgograd region. The research methodology is described, the spatial orientation of protective forest strips, breed composition, height, undergrowth, mixing scheme, number of rows, distance between rows and seats in a row, density and safety of plantings, width of forest strips, design, openwork of forest strips are considered. The characteristics of soils are considered in detail.In the course of the conducted research, the main characteristics of the protective forest strips were analyzed. Observations showed that in terms of the height of trees and the average diameter in the considered planting variants, in the first years of life in the modular forest strip, woody plants developed better than in the solid forest strip (control), then there was an alignment. Also, data on weed vegetation in modules, intermodule space and in a continuous protective forest strip are given. It was revealed that the number of weeds in the module is 2 times less than in a continuous forest belt, and in the intermodule space is 1.5 times more due to better illumination due to sparseness and low height of shrubs. The conditions for the growth and development of trees and shrubs in a modular forest belt are better than in a continuous one, due to the better soil moisture regime, which is due to the shallow-discontinuous profile of the planting (alternating along the length of the strip of sections of trees and shrubs and only shrubs).
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Strel'chyuk, L. "Raising productivity of crop yields due to field protecting shelterbelts in Kherson region." Agroecological journal, no. 2 (May 21, 2015): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2015.271491.
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Certain negative signs such as erosion, deflation, and decline of crop capacity are typical for farmlands in Kherson region nowadays. All types of shelterbelts, which have been preserved in the Kherson region, were investigated. It was revealed that the forest belt blown, semi-wind-blown and solid construction can be found in approximately equal proportions. Taking to account that agro-climatic conditions of southern Ukraine are tight enough we have conducted analysis of statistical and own materials within the quality of performance by the forest belts of their function. To prevent dry winds and dust storms the non-blower belts were found to be the best, and for the best moisturising and increasing the yield of agricultural land the best ones are semi-wind-blown shelterbelts. We have researched that they condition even distribution of snow on the fields, lower rates of erosion and soil blowing, improve crop yields. Unfortunately, only 12–15% of shelterbelts in Kherson region is preserved in functional condition and can serve these purposes. The main factors of disappearance of protective afforestation are cutting of them, low moisturising and abandonment of forest belts.
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Ivanisova, N. V., L. V. Kurinskaya, S. I. Kolesnikov, and N. M. Davydenko. "PHYTOMELIORATIVE ROLE OF SHRUB BELT IN ROADSIDE PLANTATIONS." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Biology. Chemistry 7 (73), no. 2 (2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1725-2021-7-2-80-86.
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Along the federal roads of the Rostov region, Krasnodar Territory and the Stavropol Territory, it is increasingly possible to find clean plantations consisting of one or two tree species, with a completely destroyed bush belt. In 62 % of the plots studied, the shrub belt is represented by species of scumpia (Cotinus coggygria, 17 %), terna (Prunus spinosa, 9 %), elm (Ulmus parvifolia, 5 %), maple (Acer tataricum, 3 %), that is, resistant to anthropogenic and climatic factors steppe The bush belt in protective roadside strips plays a significant role in the accumulation of soil moisture (by 6.3 %), humus (by 2.4 %), in reducing the noise load (by 25 dB). Ancestral and overband shrubs make it possible to create a dense structure of forest strips, which fully performs protective functions both from drifts of the highway bed with snow, and to reduce the negative impact of vehicles on adjacent landscapes. The study of the phytomeliorative role of the shrub belt in existing roadside plantations is a relevant area of research for the further development of recommendations for the creation and maintenance of protective roadside plantings in the steppe zone of southern Russia.
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Вавин, Владимир, Vladimir Vavin, Владимир Тунякин, Vladimir Tunyakin, Наталия Рыбалкина, and Nataliya Rybalkina. "About longevity and viability of artificial created water-protective forest forest conservation." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3ce881730750.55989198.
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Khrenovskoy section of the "Special Expedition of the Forest Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property for testing and accounting of various ways and methods of forestry and water management in the steppes of Russia" is located in the south-east of the Voronezh region. In the scientific literature this territory is called the "Stone Steppe". The expedition worked here from 1892 to 1898. The first planting was carried out by O.I. Kovalev and K.E. Sobenevsky foresters. In one plantation, many trees and shrubs were tested for their suitability for afforestation in the region. Successors of foresters of "Special expedition ..." G.F. Morozov and A.N. Mikhailov finally decided on the main species, having secured this status behind English oak tree, but taking into account the new requirements for creation of forest belts, the search for the best oak companions is still continuing. Currently, in the south-east of the Central Black Earth (Voronezh region) there are more than 126 thousand hectares of protective plantations on agricultural lands located near ravine and narrows. Most of them grow without forest management; many were exposed to fire and need reforestation measures. In the Stone Steppe, experimental restoration felling has been carried out since 1933, when the forest strips were 38 years old. The last experimental regenerative felling was carried out in the 63 years old summer plantation (forest belt No. 72). The possibility of coppice resumption and creation of oak plantations on felling was tested. Cultures are not preserved because of ill-timed clarification. In the coppice stands the breed composition has changed due to the reduction of oak, which is also explained by the untimely cleaning of oak coppice. There is a perspective in the coppice stands of maple-linden plantations and in old-growth mother stands of oak-maple ones, since in all variants maple young growth is viable and is available in sufficient quantity. The article shows that despite the minimum amount of oak in the composition of the parent stand, by 122 it will begin to take the leading place. The dynamics of the species composition of the 122-year-old water-protection forest stand is considered and the analysis of the results of reforestation cuttings is carried out in different age periods of this plantation. It has been established that the parent tree stand, despite its thinness, has a considerable stock of stem wood, English oak has leading position in vitality, and European ash and black ash ; in the most part, are limited in viability, elm that prevailed during planting was the last one in the old-growth plantation.
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Serazetdinova, Y. R., L. S. Dyshlyuk, N. V. Fotina, M. A. Osintseva, and Yu V. Golubtsova. "AGROCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BARZASSKY PROCESSING FACTORY ROCK DUMP SOILS." Bulletin оf Kamchatka State Technical University, no. 61 (2022): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17217/2079-0333-2022-61-93-104.
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The Barzassky district of the Kemerovo region is poorly developed by industry, but large areas of land are already subject to alienation. For the competent implementation of the process of disturbed territories recultivation, it is important to understand the degree of degradation of soil covers. Therefore, the purpose of the work was to study the agrochemical and microbiological properties of Barzassky processing factory rock dump soils. In the course of the work, soil samples from the surface layer of the dump as well as from the borders of the railway protective forest belt were studied. The studied soils of the dump are classified as slightly alkaline (average pH 7.899). The soils selected from the railway protective forest belt were subjected to acidification. The samples showed a low content of nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate – <5.0 and <2.8 mg/kg, respectively). Significant content of salinization was found. It has been established that acidification of soils in technogenically disturbed territories leads to a soil microbiota disorder and an increase of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in them.
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Кулик, Константин, K. Kulik, Александр Кошелев, and Александр Кошелев. "The Methodical Basis of the Agroforest Reclamation Assesment of Protective Forest Plantations by the Data of Remote Monitoring." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 3 (2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59c22527885b57.91268039.
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The south of Russia is the largest agro-industrial region of the country. One of the factors contributing to the successful development of agriculture in this area are the stable agroforestlandscapes, formed several decades ago, the main structural element of agroforestlandscapes are forest shelterbelts, which exert meliorative influence on the agroecological situation in the agrolandscapes. However, as a result of the impact of natural-climatic and anthropogenic factors, most of the protective forest plantations are in an unsatisfactory state. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out an inventory of the forest reclamation fund to obtain reliable information on their quantity and current state of protective forest plantations, with a view to developing urgent forest measures aimed at preserving them, improving the forest and reclamation condition and increasing they longevity. At present, information technologies are widely used in scientific research and practical activities, including agriculture and forestry. However, the use of remote methods and geoinformation technologies in the study of protective forest stands from the point of view of a systematic approach (assessment of forest strip systems in agrolandscapes), both in domestic and in foreign scientific research, is not sufficiently developed and requires further study. The developed author's method of agroforest reclamation assessment of protective forest plantations on the basis of remote information and GIS technologies allows simultaneous carry out three-level analysis of forest belt systems within the administrative area, the farm and the individual forest strip. The proposed approach opens up new opportunities for conducting research in the assessment of the state of protective forest plantations of the territory of the Russian Federation for the development of scientifically based principles and methods for the rational management of the agroforest reclamation fund. The presented method was successfully implemented during monitoring of protective forest plantations on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory within the framework of the implementation of the regional target program "Fertility" for 2006-2010, on an area of more than 11,000 hectares.
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Boklag, Valentyna. "THE STATE MEASURES HOW TO IMPROVE THE USE AND PROTECTION OF LAND PLANTED BY PROTECTIVE FOREST BELT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 2, no. 2 (2016): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2016-2-2-14-18.
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Serhii, Maksimtsev, Dudarets Serhii, and Yukhnovskyi Vasyl. "Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and litter of roadside plantations in Western Polissia of Ukraine." FOLIA FORESTALIA POLONICA, SERIES A – FORESTRY 63, no. 3 (2021): 232–42. https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2021-0024.
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The article presents the results of a study on the influence of roadside forest belts of different species composition on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and litter along roads of international and national importance in the conditions of Western Polissia of Ukraine. Mobile forms of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil and forest litter samples were determined in ammonium acetate extract buffer by atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis of the content of heavy metals, their comparison with the maximum allowable concentrations depending on the composition of plantations and the category of the highway have been done. It is confirmed that roadside forest belts perform important functions in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and forest litter. It is confirmed that roadside forest belts perform important functions in the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and forest litter. Among all the pollutants studied, the concentration of cadmium was the lowest and that of zinc the highest (especially in forest litter). Lead and copper in this indicator occupied an intermediate position. Despite the different species composition of plantations, the coefficient of concentration of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations and was on average in the range of 0.10–0.20 of these indicators. The greatest effect of delaying the migration of heavy metals was observed in forest litter. Therefore, in order to effectively use the biological barrier along the roads, it is necessary to create linear protective belts of deciduous species with <em>Acer platanoides</em>, <em>Betula pendula</em>, <em>Carpinus betulus</em> and <em>Tilia cordata</em>, which give a rich annual litterfall.
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Sushkov, Artyom. "Influence of a protective forest belt on an ecological condition of the roadside territory." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 3 (2014): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4361.
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Grabovska, T., M. Jelínek та V. Shevchenko. "Effect of organic farming on the ladybird beetle diversity (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)". Agrobìologìâ, № 1(163) (25 травня 2021): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-188-197.
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Coccinellidae perform the function of biological control of pests in nature, they eat aphids and other insects, which is important in organic agriculture. The aim of the work was to establish the distribution and species composition of the family Coccinellidae in the organic agro-landscape. The research was conducted at the Skvyra research station of organic production (Kyiv region, Ukraine). Insects were collected by entomological mowing with a net in four stages of plant development. The organic agro-landscape included crops of buckwheat, oats, soybeans and winter wheat. Data from neighbor conventional soybean and winter wheat ecosystems were used for comparison. The agroecosystems of these crops, which included felds, ecotones ”feld – feld protective forest shelter belt”, feld protective forest shelter belts, were studied. The study identifed 10 species of the family Coccinellidae, the number of species ranged from 1 to 89/100 waves, the largest in the ecosystem of organic winter wheat. H. axiridis belonged to the recedents and was found in fve agroecosystems in the amount of 1-7 individuals / 100 waves. The most common species were C. septempunctata, T. sedecimpunctata and larvae of Coccinellidae, which were eudominant in the organic agro-landscape. Species Vibidia sp. was found only in organic agroecosystems of buckwheat and oats. The variety of ladybugs in organic winter wheat was higher than in conventional. Organic soybeans, in contrast, had less variety of Coccinellidae than conventional soybeans, as confrmed by cluster analysis. Species richness in crop ecosystems ranged from 3 to 8 in different study periods. High correlations of insect numbers were found between felds, ecotones and forest shelter belts, as well as between neighbor ecotones and neighbor forest belts, which indicates the migration of insects between these areas. Thus, the diversity and prevalence of Coccinellidae in the organic agro-landscape, compared to the traditional one, has been established. Key words: ladybugs, organic farming, agrolandscape, agroecosystem, crops, species.
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Danilov, F. A., and V. A. Prelovskiy. "Regularities of Vertical Propagation Mammals of the Mountain Massive Munku-Sardyk." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 37 (2021): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2021.37.28.
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The Munku-Sardyk mountain range is an important link in the Eastern Sayan mountain system, performing a barrier and refugial role for various mammalian species, in the transition zone between the Central Asian steppe and the Siberian taiga. Thus, the southern steppe slopes are the northern limit in the distribution of the Tuvan and Mongolian voles, Tarbagan marmot, tolai hare, mountain weasel and manul. For the Altai mole, brown bear, sable, Siberian musk deer, reindeer and elk, the southern border of their distribution lies in the forest zone of the Khubsugul region. The paper presents the basic information about the features of the vertical distribution of mammals on the southern and northern slopes of the massif. The complex structure of the vertical zonation of the mountain range and the harsh habitat conditions are of paramount importance in the distribution and number of mammals inhabiting it. The species composition of communities in five high-altitude belts is presented: forest-steppe, mountain- taiga, subalpine, alpine and nival. A comparative analysis of the degree of similarity of mammalian communities, depending on the altitudinal zonality and exposure of the slope, using the Jaccard coefficient, based on the analysis of qualitative data, has been carried out. A high degree of similarity of the lower belt with the higher one was revealed on both slopes of the mountain range. The highest degree of similarity between the mountain-taiga and subalpine belts was noted, and the lowest degree was observed in the forest-steppe and nival belts that were separated from each other. The low species diversity in the nival belt is associated with the harsh habitat conditions associated with the absence of protective feeding stations and mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia in most mammals living in the lower part. When comparing the community of mammalian faunas between the belts of the southern and northern slopes, a high similarity of mountain-taiga belts and a decrease in the proportion of common species with height were noted. The obtained information eliminates the existing gaps in the territory poorly studied in the zoogeographic plan and makes it possible to form a unified environmental policy in the transboundary region.
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Грибачева, Олеся Владимировна, and Дмитрий Владимирович Сотников. "THE CONDITION OF FOREST BELTS OF OAK IN STANICHNO-LUGANSK DISTRICT, LUHANSK REGION." Вестник Бурятской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии имени В. Р. Филиппова, no. 1(62) (March 25, 2021): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34655/bgsha.2021.62.1.013.
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На территории многих районов Луганской области (Украина) защитные лесополосы сильно заросли подростом, кустарниками, деревья нависают над краем поля, что ослабляет защитное действие лесополос, а также затрудняет использование части земель сельскохозяйственного назначения. В связи с этим возникла необходимость провести инвентаризацию полезащитных полос. Поэтому целью работы было изучить пространственную структуру лесополосы с участием дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur L.). Для осуществления цели были поставлены следующие задачи: установить видовой состав древесно-кустарниковой растительности, густоту стояния древостоя; установить формулу насаждения на теперешний момент. Исследуемая полезащитная полоса расположена в Станично-Луганском районе Луганской области (Украина), в окрестностях с. Чугинка (в 67 километрах от города Луганска по автомобильной трассе). Описание постоянной пробной площади производили по общепринятым лесоводственным и геоботаническим методикам. Диаметр деревьев измеряли стандартной мерной вилкой, а высоту оптическим высотомером Suunto Clinometer PM5/360. Площадь поперечного сечения дерева каждой ступени высчитывали по диаметру на высоте груди 1,3 м через сортиментные таблицы. Состав полезащитной полосы представлен такими древесными породами, как дуб черешчатый, ясень обыкновенный, клён татарский, груша обыкновенная, робиния псевдоакация. Древостой полезащитной полосы на первой повторности постоянной пробной площади густой, а на второй повторности - очень густой. Формула насаждения на первой повторности имеет вид 5Дч3ЯсобКлтГроб, а на второй повторности - 4Ясоб3Клт2ДчГроб+Акб. On the territory of many districts of Lugansk region (Ukraine) forest-shelter belts are overgrown with undergrowth, shrubs, trees are overhung above the field’s edge, these conditions loosen the protective value of forest-shelter belts, hamper the using of section of farmlands. In this regard, it implies the need of making inventory of forest-shelter belts. Therefore the research purpose was to study the space structure of forest-shelter belts involving English oak (Quercus robur L.). The tasks were set to achieve the following purpose: to determine the species composition of tree and shrubbery vegetation, planting density of forest stand; to accomplish the distribution of forest stand according to the Kraft tree dominance class; to settle the stand formula for currently. The examined forest-shelter belt is situated in the Stanichno-Luganskiy district in the vicinity of Chuginka village (it is 67 km from Lugansk along the road) in Stanichno-Luganskiy district Of Ukraine. The description of the permanent sample plot was made according to the common foresters and geobotanical technics. The tree diameter was measured with standard measuring stick; the hight was measured with optical altimeter Suunto Clinometer PM5/360. The area of cross section of each ones was calculated on the diameter at breast height 1,3 m by means of single-tree assortment tables. The forest-shelter belt composes such timber species as English oak (Quercus Robur L.), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), Tartarian maple (Acer tataricum), choke pear (Pyrus communis), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). In the first replication of the permanent sample plot, the forest stand is dense; in the second replication, the forest stand is very dense. The stand formula in the first replication is 5Qr3FreActPc, and in the second replication is 4Fre3Act2QrPc+Rps
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Kravtsov, Yu V., and E. N. Smolentseva. "Features of modern genesis of the Ishim steppe watershed plain soils." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 111 (September 25, 2022): 116–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2022-111-116-156.
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The genesis main directions of the Ishim steppe watershed plain soils depending on their economic use (arable land, forest belt, abandoned land) during the 1950s – 2020s were revealed. Within the studied region, soils were diagnosed on lands of different use. It is shown that the regional morphogenetic feature of all watershed plain soils is the tonguing of the humus horizon, which is reflected in their classification status by the allocation of a dark-tonguic subtype of the soils. Differentiation of the agrodarkhumus horizon into two subhorizons under the influence of plane-cutting processing was revealed in the agrozem, prevailing by area. The manifestation of postagrogenic transformation of soils occurring under forest belts and under deposits with herbaceous vegetation is determined. Postagrogenic soils are characterized by a granular structure, higher reserves of humus and total nitrogen in a layer of 0–20 cm compared to agrozems. In the soil of the forest belt, a coarse-humus neo-horizon was formed, which is not typical of steppe soils. The soil under abandoned for a long time grassland has signs of dark humus horizon progradation to a state close to a virgin one. The additional surface moistening of micro-subsidence soils causes them to have a higher humus content and its reserves in the 0–100 cm layer, deeper leaching of carbonates, the formation of a clay-illuvial horizon in the carbonate-free zone and prevents the formation of a gypsum horizon. The groundwater level raising in the modern period, which is a consequence of the mass plowing and functioning of impenetrable protective forest belts in the study area, caused the appearance of neo-hydromorphism in watershed plain soils and the formation of quasi-clay subtypes. The results indicate the regional specificity of the genetic properties of the Ishim steppe watershed plain soils that distinguish them from their European counterparts, as well as the influence of agrogenic transformation as an anthropogenic factor on them. This influence is reflected in the morphology of soils, their humus state, the nature of the carbonate and gypsum profiles, the processes of halogenesis in them and the variety of salt profiles.
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Milosevic, Rajko. "Typological classification and the existing condition of artificially established sycamore maple and Norway maple stands in the protective forest belt." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 104 (2011): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1104143m.
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The study results on the typological classification of the artificially established sycamore maple and Norway maple stands included in the shelterbelt along the ?Belgrade-Zagreb? highway are presented. The environmental conditions of the sycamore and Norway maple plantation have been typologically defined in specific typological entitities at the ecological level (ecological units). In this context, the specific site conditions were characterised and defined as: a) Forest of common oak (Tilio-Quercetum crassiusculae typicum) on leached chernozem, b) Forest of common oak (Tilio-Quercetum crassiusculae typicum) on moderately deep to deep calcareous chernozem, c) Forest of common oak (Tilio-Quercetum crassiusculae typicum) on shallow to moderately deep calcareous chernozem. The inter-relationship between sycamore maple and Norway maple regarding the ecological and coenological optimum differs within the above ecological units. The diversity reflects the sycamore and Norway maple bioecology and the site typology of the particular ecological units.
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Posmetev, Valeriy I., and Vadim O. Nikonov. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL VEHICLE DESIGNATED FOR FIELD-PROTECTIVE FOREST BELT SERVICING." VESTNIK OF VORONEZH STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 4, no. 55 (2017): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2071-2243.2017.4.140.
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Kessel, D. S., M. G. Gadzhiataev, Z. I. Abdurakhmanova, K. V. Shchukina, and N. S. Liksakova. "BIRCH FORESTS WITH RHODODENDRON CAUCASICUM (ERICACEAE) IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN PART OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS." BOTANICAL HERALD OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS 6, no. 2 (2020): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33580/2409-2444-2020-6-2-46-56.
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Birch forests from Betula litwinowii and Betula raddeana of the Northern macroslope of the Greater Caucasus with participation of Rhododendron caucasicum in the undergrowth are discussed in the article. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 at the territory of Karachay-Cherkessia (Teberda State Natural Biosphere Reserve), Kabardino-Balkaria (Kabardino-Balkarian State High Mountain Reserve) and the Republic of Dagestan (Lak and Gunib districts, near the villages Burshi and Batsada). The characteristics of the growing conditions, analysis of the species and coenotic composition of communities are given. Birch forests with Rh. caucasicum are usually confined to the steep slopes of the northern exposure at the upper border of the forest belt, at an altitude of 1500–2800 m above sea level. The described communities can be divided into two groups depending on abundance and, consequently, influence Rh. caucasicum as an edificator. In the described communities there is a clear inverse correlation between the abundance of Rh. caucasicum with the projective cover of the grass-dwarf shrub layer. At the same time, the number of species in the grass-dwarf shrub layer doesn’t change significantly. The species composition of birch forests with the participation of Rh. caucasicum identified by us comprises 246 species of vascular plants. The herb-dwarf shrub layer is characterized by a relatively low species richness (on average, 26 species per sample plot). In these communities there are both characteristic forest species and representatives of subal-pine and, less often, alpine coenoses. Further study of communities of birch forests, which play sig-nificant water protection role, slope-holding and avalanche-barrier functions, is important for determining their current state, possible directions of changes, and assessing the need for protective measures in different regions.
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Примаков, Н. В. "INFLUENCE OF FOREST SHELTER BELTS ON THE CONDITION OF AGROLANDSCAPES." Леса России и хозяйство в них, no. 2(89) (June 11, 2024): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51318/fret.2024.89.2.010.
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Состояние агроландшафтов оказывает влияние на урожайность сельскохозяй- ственных культур, а следовательно, несет угрозу продовольственной безопасности страны. Нами проведены исследования на территории Краснодарского края, цель которых – изучение влияния существующих полезащитных лесомелиоративных насаждений на защищенность агроландшафтов Краснодарского края, установление зависимости между высотой лесных полос и защищенностью поля. В работе применен метод математического моделирования. Основными древес- ными породами лесных насаждений являются ясень зеленый, ясень пеньсильванский, робиния лжеакация. Установлено, что более 80 % обследуемых лесных насаждений имеют плотную конструкцию. Применение метода моделирования на основе матриц в рассматриваемых условиях позволило уточнить влияние конструкции лесной полосы на межполосное пространство, приняв ее за постоянно (const) плотную. Однако ситуацию можно было бы исправить, применив комплекс мероприятий по восстановлению рекомендуемой ажурной конструкций полезащитных лесных полос. Установлены зависимости влияния лесных полос от их высоты и конструкции на поля агроландшафтов. При высоте лесной полосы 19,7 м максимальная дальность влияния составила 650,1 м, при 11,6 м – 328,8 м. The state of agricultural landscapes affects the productivity of agricultural crops, and therefore poses a threat to the country’s food security. We have conducted research on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, the purpose of which is to study the infl uence of existing fi eld-protective forest reclamation plantings on the protection of agricultural landscapes of the Krasnodar Territory, to establish the relationship between the height of forest strips and fi eld protection. The method of mathematical modeling is used in this work. The main tree species of forest plantations are: green ash, Pennsylvania ash, black locust. It was found that more than 80 % of the surveyed forest plantations have a dense structure. The use of a matrix-based modeling method under the conditions under consideration made it possible to clarify the infl uence of the forest strip design on the interstrip space, taking it as constantly (const) dense. However, the situation could be corrected by applying a set of measures to restore the recommended openwork structures of shelterbelts. The dependence of the infl uence of forest strips on their height and design on the fi elds of agricultural landscapes has been established. With a forest belt height of 19,7 m, the maximum range of infl uence was 650,1 m, with 11,6 m – 328,8 m.
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Kireev, I. M., Z. M. Koval, and M. V. Danilov. "Edge Treatment of the Field and Field-Protective Forest Plants from Weeds and Pests." Агрохимия, no. 7 (July 1, 2023): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002188123070062.
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The design of the device for a hinged rod sprayer of plants for edge processing of the field by the main method of spraying of litter and pests is proposed. The average number of droplets deposited on the surface per 1 cm2 at a distance of up to 15 m meets the agrotechnical requirements for the use of herbicides, as well as insecticides and fungicides. According to the height of the cards at a distance of 10 m from the nozzle, the number of drops per 1 cm2 decreased, and especially with an increase in the height of their location from 69.7 to 17.5 and 31.7 pcs/cm2. At a distance of 15 m from the nozzle, the droplets were small and practically did not settle on the cards. When the vehicle is moving 7.2 km/h (2.0 m/s), the total mass flow of the working fluid of 2 slot sprayers LU-04.AD-04 (color code – red) and 2 slot sprayers LU-02.AD-02, (color code – yellow) at a pressure of 4 The bar was 45.5 g/m linear. It took 45.5 liters of working fluid to work 1 km of the forest belt. For example, a capacity of 600 liters is sufficient for edge processing along the perimeter of a field with a length of 13.2 km. The developed technical means will ensure the effective treatment of protective forest plantations from weeds and pests.
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Семинченко, Е. В. "Влияние лесных полос на фотосинтетическую деятельность посевов ярового ячменя". Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology Series Forest. Ecology. Nature Management, № 4(52) (13 січня 2022): 78–88. https://doi.org/10.25686/2306-2827.2021.4.78.
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Введение.Исследования проводились в зоне влияния лесополос (ЛП) на опытном поле Нижне-Вольского НИИ сельского хозяйства в землепользовании «Городищенское», кадастровый номер 34: 03: 000000: 6. Цель: проведение сравнительного анализа влияния лесополос на фотосинтетическую активность посевов ярового ячменя. Объект и методы. Объект исследования – яровой ячмень Medicum 139. Почва опытного участка светло-каштановая, тяжелосуглинистая с признаками купания и пятнами солонцов 15–20 %. Содержание гумуса составляет 1,8–2,0 % pH водного экстракта (7,0–7,2), сумма абсорбированных оснований составляет 29 мг / экв. Ареал применения разработок – зона почв Нижнего Поволжья. Основная обработка почвы – чизель на 0,3–0,32 м с оборотом поверхностного слоя на глубину 0,2–0,22 м с использованием орудия ОЧО-5-40 и многофункциональных рабочих органов модульного типа РАНЧО (отвал и широкое долото). Посев ярового ячменя производился сеялкой СЗТ-3,6 с предварительной предпосевной обработкой. Глубина заделки семян 6–8 см. Учёт урожайности производился на участках площадью 0,25 м2 на расстоянии 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 высот от лесополосы. Определяли структуру урожая ярового ячменя: длина стебля, подсчитывали количество колосков в колосе и количество зёрен в колосе. Перед обмолотом снопы снимали трижды. Полученное зерно взвешивали и пересчитывали урожайность с гектара. Выход зерна при взвешивании по ГОСТ 13586.3; 10840-64 (7,8), пониженная до 14 % влажности и 100 % частоты. Масса 1 000 зёрен была определена путём взвешивания на технических и химических весах. Результатыпоказали, что по мере приближения зерновых культур к защитной лесополосе длина стебля и масса 1 000 зёрен увеличиваются. Защитные лесополосы оказывают существенное влияние на морфометрические параметры ярового ячменя: увеличивают количество зёрен в колосе, количество колосков в колосе. Фактическая прибавка урожая на удалении от защитной полосы составляет 3,0 ц / га. Влияние защитных лесополос на развитие ячменя Medicum 139 прослеживается на протяжении всего вегетационного периода и отражается в таких показателях, как: листовая площадь, фотосинтетическая активность сельскохозяйственных культур, количество сухой фитомассы, чистая продуктивность фотосинтеза. Заключение.Результаты исследования указывают на важную роль лесополос. Выращивание ячменя под влиянием ЛП способствует увеличению урожайности, сохранению растений этой культуры к уборке, увеличению продуктивной кустистости и массы зерна с растения, массы тысячи зёрен независимо от метеоусловий, что в конечном итоге способствует увеличению его биологической урожайности на 8,6 %. Introduction. The research was carried out in the zone of forest belts influence on the experimental field of the Nizhne-Volsk Research Institute of Agriculture in the land use "Gorodishchenskoye", cadastral number 34: 03: 000000: 6. Thegoal of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis of forest belts influence on the photosynthetic activity of the spring barley crop. Object and methods. The object of the research is Medicum 139 spring barley. The soil of the sample plot is light chestnut, heavy loamy with signs of balneum and spots of solonetzes, 15-20%. Humus content is 1.8-2.0% pH of the aqueous extract (7.0-7.2), the sum of absorbed bases is 29 mg / eq. The area of application of the developments is the zone of soils of the Lower Volga Region. The main soil cultivation is chisel at 0.3-0.32 m with a turnover of the surface layer to a depth of 0.2-0.22 m using the OChO-5-40 tool and multifunctional working bodies of the modular RANCHO type (blade and wide chisel). The spring barley was sowed with a SZT-3.6 seeder with preliminary pre-sowing cultivation. The depth of planting seeds is 6-8 cm. Yield accounting was determined on the plots of 0.25 m2 at a distance of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 height, respectively, from the forest belt. The structure of spring barley yield was determined: length of stem, number of spikelets in an ear, number of grains in an ear. The sheaves were taken three times before threshing. The resulting grain was weighed and the yield per hectare was recalculated. Grain yield was obtained by weighing according to GOST 13586.3; 10840-64 (7.8), reduced to 14% humidity and 100% frequency. The mass of 1000 grains was determined by weighing on a technical and chemical balance. Results. The results showed that when the grain crops approach the field-protective forest belt, the length of t stem and the weight of 1000 grains increase. Protective forest belts have a significant impact on the morphometric parameters of spring barley. They increase a number of grains per spikelet, and a number of spikelets per spike. In fact, a yield increase at a distance from the protective strip is 3.0 c / ha. The influence of forest shelter belts on the development of Medicum 139 barley can be traced throughout the vegetation season. It is reflected in such indicators as leaf area, photosynthetic activity of crops, amount of dry phytomass, net productivity of photosynthesis. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the important role of forest belts. Barley cultivation under the influence of forest belts contributes to an increase in the yield, preservation of plants, increase of productive tilling capacity and grain mass, mass of 1000 grains regardless of the meteorological conditions, which ultimately contributes to an increase in its biological yield by 8.6%.