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Gońda, Marcin. "Transnational Corporations as a Source of Career and Biographical Stabilisation: The Case of Polish Corporate Employees." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 63, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2019.63.4.4.
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This paper discusses contemporary transformations in the way work is organised and the consequences for the stability of careers and biographies. It debates the widely held belief that organised and predictable life-course paths (including professional careers) have ceased to exist and that work itself has lost its stabilising quality. Biographical data collected among Polish employees of transnational corporations within the project “Poles in the World of Late Capitalism” proves that even though transnational corporations are widely criticised for propelling neoliberal tendencies in the global economy, they provide a means of protecting their employees against today’s uncertainty and occupational risk. Three empirical cases are presented to show how work in a transnational corporation may contribute to achieving and maintaining stability for persons who have had troublesome experiences of working in other sectors of the labour market.
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Kim, Sun Jeong. "Observations on the Life Insurance Policyholders Protection Corporation of Japan." Korean Insurance Law Association 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 3–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36248/kdps.2018.12.2.003.
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Munk, Marc-David, Dora M. Carboneau, Muhammed Hardan, and Faleh Mohamed Ali. "Seatbelt Use in Qatar in Association with Severe Injuries and Death in the Prehospital Setting." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 6 (December 2008): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00006397.
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AbstractIntroduction:Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are common in Qatar, and are now considered the third leading cause of mortality. In this study, the safety devices used by the Qatari public at the time of RTCs were assessed and the association between seatbelt use by vehicle occupants involved in RTCs and severe injury/death in the prehospital setting was determined.Methods:This study was a retrospective case-control investigation. A Hamad Medical Corporation Emergency Medical Services (EMS) database of RTCs occurring from January 2006 to April 2007 was utilized for this study, providing a total of 5,267 patient records (83.5 % male, 16.5% female, median age = 28 years). Patient demographics, crash characteristics, prehospital assessments, and interventions were identified, and use of safety devices was determined. Univariate analysis including chi-square, Student's t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed as appropriate. “Case” patients are defined as those who had specific, critical prehospital assessments, or who received advanced cardio-respiratory life support measures in the field. Logistic regression modeling was used to predict the probability of a case being unbelted, controlling for confounders.Results:Seatbelt use in Qatar was low: 33.9% of males and 32.6% of females wore seatbelts at the time of the RTC. Victims involved in a vehicle rollover crash were less likely to be belted than were those involved in a non-rollover incident (26.2% belted vs. 37.8%; OR = 0.59; 95%CI = 0.50–0.68). Case patients—those with defined critical assessment findings or resuscitation in the field—and control patients were similar in age (30 years vs. 28 years median). Case patients were disproportionately male (89.1% vs. 83.2%; OR = 1.65; 95%CI = 1.01–2.83) and were more likely to be victims of a vehicle rollover crash (44.7% vs. 23.8%; OR = 2.57; 95%CI = 1.84–3.59). Seatbelt use was significantly lower among cases than controls: 19.7% of cases were reported to have worn seatbelts compared to 34.2% of controls (OR = 0.47; 95%CI = 0.31–0.69). This relationship also persisted (OR = 0.51; 95%CI = 0.33–0.76) after controlling for confounders.Conclusions:Seatbelt use in Qatar is low. Seatbelts are protective: in the pre-hospital setting unbelted vehicle occupants involved in RTCs were nearly twice as likely to suffer severe injury or death compared to belted patients. Prehospital morbidity and mortality appears to be reduced significantly by the consistent use of seatbelts by the motoring population in Qatar.
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Bala, Ms Neetu, and Dr H. S. Sandhu. "Analysis of Factors Influencing Agents’ Perception towards Life Insurance Corporation of India." International Journal of Industrial Marketing 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2011): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijim.v1i1.897.
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Life Insurance Corporation of India, the capital intensive business, provides the most important financial instrument to customers aimed at protection as well as long term savings. The Corporation reaches out to the people through the main traditional route of the agency model for the selling processes of the numerous complex need-based products. The agents help in marketing its policies by spreading the message of life insurance among the masses. They serve as the kingpin for insurance companies seeking to provide traditional and innovative products, and focal point for customers seeking to procure insurance coverage and long term savings. The present paper investigates the factors influencing agents’ perception towards Life Insurance Corporation of India. The study is based on a sample of 225 respondents taken from three cities of Punjab. Factor Analytic Approach has been performed for data analysis. The results of the factor analysis reveal that Staff co-ordination is the most important factor to influence agents’ perception followed by other six factors namely: (i) Customer target; (ii) Competitive advantage predicates; (iii) Material hallmarks; (iv) Promising products and process; (v) Service enhancement; and (vi) Exclusive attention. Moreover, analysis of one way classification has also been performed to test the significant differences among the various groups of respondents across the 23-item perception scale. The results demonstrate that no significant differences exist among various groups of respondents with respect to their perception towards Life Insurance Corporation of India.
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Poirier, Norma. "Comparison of CMA Joint Statement on Resuscitative Interventions and New Brunswick Hospital Corporations’ Policies on End-of-Life Treatments." Journal of Palliative Care 16, no. 1 (March 2000): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585970001600104.
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Why do most physicians have so much difficulty respecting the wishes of their terminally ill patients who refuse treatment? The normative pluralism model is introduced to answer this question. Comparative content analysis serves as the theoretical framework for evaluating the Canadian Medical Association Joint Statement on Resuscitative Interventions against the corresponding administrative policies of New Brunswick hospital corporations and relevant New Brunswick law. Despite protection afforded patients by law, fully 75% of New Brunswick hospital corporations’ administrative policies permit physicians to ignore patients’ expressed objection to treatments. The futility-of-treatment criteria in the CMA joint statement and in all provincial hospital corporations’ policies authorize physicians to substitute their judgment for patients’ expressed refusal of CPR. The author concludes that when medical professional norms conflict with the law, physicians tend to follow their professional normative order.
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Wąsowicz, Alicja. "Logistics in life cycle of cars on the example of Toyota Motor Corporation. Stage IV – decommissioning." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 4 (April 30, 2018): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.018.
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This article is the last of the series dedicated to the logistics in life cycle of cars, based on the materials from Toyota Motor Corporation. The study covered the IV stage of the life cycle of vehicles - the phase of withdrawal out of service. The topic of recycling of Toyota cars and the relationship between these activities and the protection of the environment as well as the issues of resource conservation and their effective re-use are discussed.
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Al-Tawil, Tareq Na’el. "The major issues that need to be addressed by effective corporate governance in the 21st century." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-01-2015-0003.
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Purpose This paper aims to underline and evaluate what corporations are as artificial entities, the concept of corporate governance (CG) in the twentieth century and whether a corporation owes allegiance to its key stakeholders in the twenty-first century. Design/methodology/approach Because it requires development in the twenty-first century, a clarification of the key areas of reform in “global corporate governance” is overdue. These include an analysis of the stakeholder role; the logic and effect of the codes of corporate practise such as in the Cadbury Code and Combined Codes. The “value chain theory” in CG and how it should be placed not only on financial value but also on natural, human and cultural values will looked at. This paper also provides a brief insight into major multi-national corporate collapse. The Enron case, for example, highlights how such mishaps can be avoided to rekindle trust and transparency, as well as disclosure to authorities, shareholders and the public. Findings This paper looks at how public interest and consumer interest play a role in corporate existence by analysing an inevitable change in the twenty-first century from absolute corporate control to public/consumer control and have an influence in areas like environmental, ethical and employee protection and recognition. The emotional side of a corporation is brought to life to win the hearts of consumers and the public. How this fares in the light of profits and long-term Environmental Management Scheme investment will be evaluated. Originality/value This paper ends with a general conclusion, summarising the necessary changes to governance and the author’s opinion on the realities of change: will it work, will it improve the living standards or will it just increase the gap between well-organised and ill-fated economies?
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Johnson, Christyl C., and Michael R. Duffey. "Environmental Life Cycle Criteria for Propellant Selection Decision-Making." International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijstmi.2012010102.
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A system of previously undefined environmental life cycle cost elements were developed for use in the propellant selection processes for spacecraft launch propulsion systems, with input from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Swedish Space Corporation, and stakeholders in industry and academia. These environmental life cycle cost elements were incorporated into a life cycle cost analysis of toxic propellant (hydrazine) versus green (High Performance Green Propellant) through a modified cost benefit analysis. Environmental cost element line items within the life cycle were identified as costs or benefits (cost reductions or avoided costs). A case study was also implemented to further illustrate these findings, resulting in a real-world 66% reduction in Phase E (operational) mission cost for High Performance Green Propellant (HPGP) compared with hydrazine. Based on the analysis, the largest environmental cost drivers were facility operations and maintenance, end of life disposal, and transportation, with the major costs being associated with health and human safety protection.
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Young, Michael N., and Justin Tan. "BEIJING JEEP AT A CROSSROADS: FACING THE CHALLENGE OF CHINA'S ENTRY INTO THE WTO." Asian Case Research Journal 05, no. 01 (June 2001): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927501000020.
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Beijing Jeep Corporation (BJC) was founded in 1984 as one of the first and largest joint venture between an American company (American Motors Corporation) and a Chinese enterprise. Early in its operation, BJC had been given preferential treatment on tariffs and foreign exchange. Since over forty percent of the content of BJC was produced in China, it had operated as a local manufacturer under heavy protection from imports for all of its short life. All this appeared to be on the brink of changing when trade negotiators for the United States and China announced, after thirteen years of on and off negotiations, the agreement on the terms for China's entry into the World Trade Organization. The terms of the agreement called for a steep reduction in tariffs for imported automobiles from nearly one hundred percent to twenty-five percent by 2006. This would have a direct impact on BJC performance. The case focuses on the strategic challenges facing companies in the changing trade and economic environment.
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Ventsel, Viktor. "Cybersecurity as an integral part of public administration." Public administration aspects 8, no. 1 SI (July 5, 2020): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/152032.
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The modern era is the era of the information society, which is characterized by the dominance of information and communication technologies in all spheres of human life. The use of technology has become a habitual norm of everyday life of citizens, corporations, the state. At the same time, the use of technology and communication networks carries risks of abuse and malicious action. Therefore, cybersecurity issues are more relevant and important. In this context, the leading role in the use and protection of information and communication systems should belong to the state, which has the organizational and administrative apparatus and power to implement these tasks.
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Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin, Fachry Ahsany, and Ahmad Faiz Alamsyah. "LEGAL PROTECTION OF LABOR RIGHTS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) PANDEMIC." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 7, no. 2 (August 20, 2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v7i2.10975.
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Since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic in Indonesia, which continues to grow and has an impact, not a few companies have gone bankrupt. Whether it's a small company, a medium-sized company or even a large corporation are affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). This paper aims to find legal issues on labor right during Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Using the normative legal research, this paper analyzess some of regulation and legal government act to protect labor right who terminated (Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja/PHK) during Covid-19 pandemic. In the end, this paper finds that the government issued two program to solve PHK and protect labor rights, namely Pre-Works Card and Cash Incentive Program (Bantuan Langsung Tunai/BLT). It actively helps employee to create a new job and continue their daily life.
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Duncan, Simon. "Policy Discourses on ‘Reconciling Work and Life’ in the EU." Social Policy and Society 1, no. 4 (September 12, 2002): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746402004050.
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This paper outlines the development EU policy discourse on ‘the reconciliation of work and family life’. This imposes a policy disjuncture on New Labour, for, while the British government may be ideologically more attracted to the liberal US model of ‘flexible’ labour, it is bound by EU law to implement a more corporatist gender equality model. The paper notes how themes of economic competition, democratisation, and protecting gender contracts emerged at the foundation EU gender policy. It traces these themes into an ‘equal opportunities at work’ discourse during the 1970s and 1980s and, with the increasing importance of the ‘demographic time bomb’ discourse and of Scandinavian style gender equality, into discourses stressing the ‘reconciliation of paid work with family life’ and gender mainstreaming. The paper ends by addressing the ‘half-empty or half-full’ assessments of EU gender policy.
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Bose, Utpal. "Analyzing the Ethical Dilemma between Protecting Consumer Privacy and Marketing Customer Data." International Journal of Dependable and Trustworthy Information Systems 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdtis.2011070104.
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Rapid transformation in marketing information technologies has enabled corporations to build ample consumer databases and analyze those using sophisticated data-mining techniques to obtain extensive knowledge about those consumers’ personal life styles and private matters. Considering that the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has relied on fair information principles to guide privacy regulation and left it relatively unregulated, the burden of practicing consumer privacy lies mostly on the marketers who have to follow ethical behavior and maintain consumer privacy. In this paper the authors analyze the ethical nature of corporate decision making on matters of selling consumer data using the normative theories of business ethics and suggests approaches that balance the corporate goals of raising financial gains with the obligations they have to their stakeholders – mainly their customers. The authors also discuss the challenges faced in carrying out the analysis.
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Anusha, M., V. Nagesh, B. Venkata Sai, K. Srikanth, and Rupalin Nanda. "IoT Based LPG Leakage Detection and Booking System with Customer SMS Alerts." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060501.
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Liquefied petroleum fuel (LPG) is the most vital phase of every day human life, however the protection of human existence is required for the gasoline explosion. This methodology is used to shield human life. In this, the MQ2 sensor is used to realize fuel leaks in the home. If the fuel leak is detected automatically, it will ship an SMS to the user. Wifi is one of the most used networks in the world. It additionally affords the computerized reserve characteristic of LPG gasoline when the proprietor is busy and measures the non-stop weight of the LPG cylinder the use of a load cell. An AWS server is used to join the patron to the administrator and robotically replace the reservation data on the server. This work helps the business enterprise to especially point out the gasoline leak and helps each clients and the corporation to mechanically e book the fuel the use of the IOT technique.
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Belova, Gabriela, and Anna Hristova. "Some Problems Related to the “Human Embryo” in the European Union Law." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0050.
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Abstract The following article is dedicated to the topic of human dignity - the human embryos and the legal framework they are regulated by in the EU: The Charter of Fundamental Rights of European Union and the EU Court practice. For the purpose, the authors look first and foremost at the EU Directive 98/44, regulating the legal protection of biotechnological inventions which aim at balancing the human beings' dignity and integrity with the need to preserve the social function of patents as a vector for the competiveness of the European biotech industry. Two key EU Court cases are analyzed, both of which reflecting the evolution of the Court of Justice on the European Union's Case Law on Stem Cell Patents, namely Case C-34/10 Oliver Brüstle v Greenpeace е. V. and Case C-364/13 International Stem Cell Corporation. The article looks then at the European Citizens’ Initiative “One of us”, which aims at securing Juridical protection of the dignity, the right to life, as well as to the integrity of every human being from conception in those areas of EU competence where such protection has a particular importance.
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Ofek-Ghendler, Hani. "Globalization and Social Justice: The Right to Minimum Wage." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 267–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1039.
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The weakening of mechanisms for international cooperation within the context of the right to minimum wage can be explained by the increasing power of new players, the transnational corporations on the one hand, and the waning of the power of the state, on the other hand. These processes of globalization produce various challenges to the modern welfare state, such as the ability to attain minimum wage. This right is vital particularly to weakened workers that would otherwise be remunerated at a very low wage, which could likely lead to poverty. This right poses, however, numerous challenges, in particular the ability of international labor law to define it across borders. The article describes three models for defining this right: the existential deficiency model, the welfare model, and the comfort model and analyzes the various forms regulating the right to minimum wage in international regulations, state regulations, and codes of conduct of transnational corporations examining the ramifications of globalization within the context of labor rights. Moreover, the article suggests changes to international labor law, required to ensure that it functions as an effective instrument in protecting labor rights and proposes establishing regional parliamentsa supra-governmental bodycomposed of states and a broad array of interested private parties in its activities to establish fundamental principles relating to various areas of life, such as the basic rights of workers, taxation principles, and principles for protecting the environment. These regional bodies would decide which of the various models used for shaping the right to minimum wage should be adopted as a fundamental principle.
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Roe, Amanda. "Graphic Satire and Public Life in the Age of Terror." Media International Australia 113, no. 1 (November 2004): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0411300108.
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This paper investigates media representations of international insecurity through a selection of newspaper cartoons from some of the major daily Australian broadsheets. Since 2001, cartoonists such as Bruce Petty, John Spooner and Bill Leak (in The Age and The Australian) have provided an ongoing and vehement critique of the Australian government's policies of ‘border protection’, the ‘war on terror’ and the words of mass distraction associated with Australia joining the war in Iraq. Cartoonists are often said to represent the ‘citizen's perspective’ of public life through their graphic satire on the editorial pages of our daily newspapers. Increasingly, they can also be seen to be fulfilling the role of public intellectuals, defined by Richard A. Posner as ‘someone whose place it is publicly to raise embarrassing questions, to confront orthodoxy and dogma, to be someone who cannot easily be co-opted by governments and corporations’. Cartoonists enjoy an independence and freedom from censorship that is rarely extended to their journalistic colleagues in the print media and it is this independence that is the vital component in their being categorised as public intellectuals. Their role is to ‘question over and over again what is postulated as self-evident, to disturb people's mental habits, to dissipate what is familiar and accepted, to re-examine rules and institutions’ (Posner, 2003: 31). With this useful — if generalised — definition in mind, the paper considers how cartoonists have contributed to debates concerning international insecurity in public life since 2001.
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Girgis, Jassmine. "Corporate Directors’ Disqualification: The New Canadian Regime." Alberta Law Review 46, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr222.
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An insolvent time in a corporation’s life may compel directors to engage in reckless behaviour and wrongful conduct to hide the state of financial distress from creditors as the directors attempt to trade out of insolvency. Currently, Canadian legislation does little to protect from this type of situation. In this article, the author examines the different schemes in the United Kingdom, specifically directors’ personal liability and the director disqualification scheme, and argues that the disqualification scheme has been successful for protecting creditors. The author then considers the Canadian provisions currently in place that allow for the removal of directors and concludes that the adoption of a disqualification scheme, especially under the federal insolvency power, should be seriously considered.
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Asamoah-Gyadu, J. Kwabena. "'"Christ is the Answer": What is the Question?' A Ghana Airways Prayer Vigil and its Implications for Religion, Evil and Public Space." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 1 (2005): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066052995834.
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AbstractReligion and life, both private and public, remain strongly linked in Africa. This was recently expressed in a prayer vigil organized by Ghana Airways when the staff and management invited a London-based Ghanaian evangelist, Lawrence Tetteh, to lead a 'healing and deliverance' service aimed at exorcizing evil spirits from the affairs of the airline and releasing it from its predicaments. The organization of a healing and deliverance session by a public corporation, it is argued, is symptomatic of the quick African resort to the sphere of religion in the search for solutions to life's difficulties. Religious functionaries including Pentecostal/ Charismatic pastors are important in Africa as purveyors of powerful prayers, potent medicines, and amulets for protection against evil. The Pentecostal 'healing and deliverance' ministry has become popular in African contexts like that of Ghana because it takes African worldviews of mystical causality seriously. This Christianity promises Christian alternatives to the search for security that drives people into the courts of other religious functionaries.
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Zhang, Qian, and Yun Liu. "Employees’ Environmental Protection and Charitable Donation and Ethical Leadership: An Empirical Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132282.
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The sustainable development of the environment and society depends not only on firms’ social responsibility initiatives, but also on employees’ socially responsible behavior during their daily work life. Hence, it is important to study why and how employees go about the socially responsible behaviors (SRB), such as environmental protection and charitable donations. Although research has been done on the antecedents of employees’ SRB from personal, contextual and leadership perspectives, little is known about the mechanism through which they affect these behaviors. Moreover, compared with the other two perspectives, research from the leadership perspective is relatively scarce. In this paper, we aim to fill these research gaps. Based on 936 respondents from 109 corporations, we empirically test the cross-level direct effect of ethical leadership on employees’ SRB and the cross-level mediating effect of perceived organizational virtuousness. In our empirical analyses, we adopt statistical methodologies such as hierarchical linear modeling and multilevel mediation analysis. Our results show that perceived organizational virtuousness partly mediates the influence of ethical leadership on employees’ environmental protection and charitable donation. In other words, ethical leadership enables employees to form the perception of organizational virtuousness, and therefore employees are more engaged in environmental protection and charitable donations. This research provides important insights for firms and their employees to become more socially and environmentally responsible.
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Roy, S., S. Dutta, and MM Hoque. "Urban forestry and urban greening for sustainable urban development-A case of Dhaka north city corporation area (Zone-1)." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 14, no. 2 (May 29, 2017): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v14i2.32691.
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Urban forestry and urban greening is one of the most substantial factors for sustainable urban development, which can contribute towards good quality of life and sound environment. Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh once renowned for its green resources but in recent times the city is losing its greeneries very rapidly. This study was intended to explore the status of urban greening as well as to investigate the prospects and challenges for enhancing urban forestry and urban greening in Dhaka North city corporation area (Zone-1). This study focused on the qualitative approach where interview with key informants, questionnaire survey and observation techniques were followed to obtain required information. The study identified some factors that are responsible for losing of green resources in Dhaka city including transformation of existing green areas or open spaces to other land use purposes, unplanned urbanization & improper planning, rapid increase of urban population and lack of conservation activities for protecting the existing greeneries. The study also revealed that still there are ample opportunities to enhance the greeneries in Dhaka city by conserving the existing green areas (e.g. parks, gardens, playgrounds etc.), increasing roadside plantation, promoting homestead and rooftop gardening and by initiating afforestation and nursery activities.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 167-176, December 2016
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Nadzir, Muhammad. "GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT PEOPLE’S RIGHTS OVER THE CLEAN WATER." Hang Tuah Law Journal 1, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/htlj.v1i1.8.
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Water plays a very important role in supporting human life and other living beings as goods that meet public needs. Water is one of the declared goods controlled by the state as mentioned in the constitution of the republic of Indonesia. The state control over water indicated that water management can bring justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people. However, in fact, water currently becomes a product commercialized by individuals and corporations. It raised a question on how the government responsibility to protect the people's right to clean water. This study found that in normative context, the government had been responsible in protecting the people’s right over the clean water. However, in practical context, it found that the government had not fully protected people's right over clean water. The government still interpreted the state control over water in the form of creating policies, establishing a set of regulations, conducting management, and also supervision.
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Karlonaitė, Inga, and Kristina Rudžionienė. "Quality assessment model of environmental information disclosure." Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika, no. 15 (April 10, 2014): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2014.15.7.
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In last decades, environmental issues: pollution, climate change, sing of non-renewable resources, has influenced the economic value of nature and the protection of the environment has become an important goal for institutions and corporations. Increasing concern to environmental problems causes increasing demand for environmental disclosure of environmental related information. Responding to the increasing demand for such type of information, interest of environmental accounting and reporting is growing too. It is especially needed for the disclosed information to be useful and in high quality.
Purpose of this work –prepare and adjust quality assessment model of environmental information disclosure.
Case study indicates that this model is suitable for Baltic countries companies. Companies mostly disclose information about environmental costs, waste, pollution, programs, projects or activities in social life and regulations they follow. Lithuanian companies are most improved in this area, because 93,75% of companies discloses that information in financial reports, separate reports or internet pages.
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Romer, Nancy. "The Radical Potential of the Food Justice Movement." Radical Teacher 98 (February 27, 2014): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/rt.2014.78.
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The two main threats to our people and planet are climate change and corporate control of our economy and polity.[1] These enormous and completely intertwined issues will take a mass movement of epic proportions to shift. Time is of the essence as climate, economic and political disasters keep coming, ever gaining in intensity, impoverishing our people while enriching the transnational and national corporations. Agreements like the Trans Pacific Partnership that would further strip national governments of their rights to protect labor and the environments in favor of protecting corporate profits cast this future as likely to deepen. The need to build dynamic and effective movements that embody the needs of our people is an imperative for those of us who believe that only democratic struggles, led by the most oppressed and joined by allies, can create a new world. We need that new world more than ever as we face the realities of life on earth shifting before our very eyes. The Food Justice Movement (FJM) offers a door through which to enter the enormous and often baffling labyrinth of broad sectors, issues, analyses and strategies of movements that exist and need to expand and gel.
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LENGWILER, MARTIN. "Insurance and Civil Society: Elements of an Ambivalent Relationship." Contemporary European History 15, no. 3 (July 19, 2006): 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777306003389.
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This article examines the history of the relationship between insurance and civil society in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It tests the conventional narrative that this relationship followed an anticlimactic course, marked by the burgeoning of self-organised mutual societies in the nineteenth century and the decline and marginalisation of this sector of civil society owing to the rise of corporate insurance companies and statutory social insurance in the twentieth century. The article offers first a comparative analysis of nineteenth-century mutual insurance in different European countries (Britain, Germany, France and Switzerland), calling attention to limitations to the democratic and self-organised character of mutual associations. The second part of the article concentrates on a case study of twentieth-century corporate insurance in Switzerland, examining how life insurance companies dealt with customers and their personal data. The study indicates that insurance corporations adopted norms of extended privacy protection in the 1980s, a process that reflected new legal demands, customer claims and policies of civil rights organisations. The conclusion summarises the contradictory effects of insurance on the history of civil society and discusses the implications for the concept of civil society.
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Ibrahim, Azhar. "Muslim World and the Globalisation Challenge: [En]Countering Dehumanization or Humanised Integration." Dirosat : Journal of Islamic Studies 1, no. 2 (February 4, 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.28944/dirosat.v1i2.19.
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Globalisation is a challenge for Muslim world as it can be opportunities. The term globalisation mostly refers to the opening up the market to transnational corporations (TNCs) which is in line with liberalisation of the economy. Ironically those who call for “opening up of borders” or “capital liberalisation” are actually the one who are so strict in the immigration policies and practices. Protecting their own labour market, while encouraging their own TNCs to optimise their presence in the developing countries is a blatant contradiction. The calamitous effects of neoliberal globalisation are striking crucial aspects of life, such as economic justice, environmental condition, and educational system. Therefore, critical response to globalisation is imperative. In many ways, the readiness to discuss critically on globalisation is very much to be welcomed. This paper points to the need to discuss beyond the preoccupation of economic needs. It proposes to create and project another kind of globalisation which points to a humanised global integration. The real opportunity is when we are able to see the problems of humankind as a whole. Muslim must be at the forefront in forging human solidarity and cooperation so as to attain a humanised global order.
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Bondarenko, Olga. "Problems of legal protection of industrial samples in enterprises in Ukraine." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.47.
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The article deals with the important problems that arise in the implementation of the legal protection of industrial designs in the enterprise in the course of their economic activity.
One of the major problems associated with the legal regulation of the protection, use and protection of industrial property is the clash of the rights of some entities with the rights to other intellectual property. An example would be the collision of industrial design rights with copyright and trademark rights for goods and services. In addition, the concept of production has changed from mass to serial and customer-oriented, the life cycle of the product has been significantly reduced and its moral rapid aging has become dominant in its renewal.
It was noted that there was a need to improve the legislation on industrial designs and the preliminary scientifically sound justification of strategic direction (from patenting to registration) and privacy before elaboration of relevant proposals and bills. The efficiency of legal protection of industrial designs in enterprises depends on the degree of perfection of the legislative framework.
First of all, it is analyzed what violations of patent holders' rights can arise and what ways of overcoming them can be applied to reduce the negative impact of such violations on the economic growth of the enterprise. Please note that it is now very often necessary to identify major conflicting or problematic situations in granting legal protection to industrial designs and trademarks, as well as the question of the legislative and enforceable distribution of two types of exclusive rights. Often there are disputes about the relation between the legal protection of the industrial design and the trademark. This issue has been analyzed and specific proposals are made for amending existing legislation on industrial designs.
Also considered are the types of patent strategies developed by major corporations in Japan, the US and Western Europe, such as: patent flood strategy, patent blocking strategy, combined patent strategy. And, based on this analysis, we recommend that they be put into practice by business entities to protect and safeguard their intellectual property rights.
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Rodriguez, Fernando, Julio Betancourt, and William Perry. "PROTECTING PEOPLE, ASSETS, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE GULF OF PARIA, VENEZUELA: SECURITY PLANNING FOR EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION IN A SENSITIVE ENVIRONMENT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-237.
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ABSTRACT The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the United States Maritime Transportation Security Act (MTSA) have placed new security planning and preparedness requirements on oil and gas exploration and production (E&P) facilities. Qualifying E&P facilities within territorial waters of countries signatory to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), were to have completed Security Vulnerability Assessments (SVAs) as early as July 2004. In some countries, this deadline has been extended. There are currently no comprehensive SVA guidelines that companies can use to evaluate their onshore and/or offshore facilities. Furthermore, existing guidelines focus on security threats stemming from potential acts of terrorism and do not adequately address many equally important security concerns faced by E&P facilities worldwide. ConocoPhillips Venezuela (COPVen) and its partners, Corporación Venezolana de Petróleo (CVP), Eni Venezuela B.V., OPIC Karimum Corporation, and Inelectra C.A., have significant hydrocarbon investments in Venezuela—and understand the importance of security planning during every phase of operations. This paper describes how COPVen adapted existing methodology to complete an innovative SVA of current as well as planned facilities and activities in the Gulf of Paria, northeastern Venezuela. Consistent with the companies' sustainable development approach in the region, the SVA anticipates potential security threats, prioritizes issues, and proposes mitigation measures that enhance security. This paper also describes how COPVen incorporated social and environmental considerations and used an innovative methodology to complete the work. The process used by COPVen and its partners represents a basis to identify, plan, review and continuously improve system-wide and facility-specific security measures to protect people, assets and the environment in the Gulf of Paria.
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Pasan, Etha. "POLITIK PENGELOLAAN KARST SANGKULIRANG- MANGKALIHAT: NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION DAN AGENDA KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN." Jurnal Dinamika Global 4, no. 01 (August 19, 2019): 190–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v4i01.107.
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This research try to describe how local NGO in East Kalimantan, Jatam (Mining Advocacy Network) and Walhi (Friends of the Life) pursue their interest in the politics of environmental management in Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat Karst Area in East Kutai and Berau Regency in East Kalimantan Province. How do they strive for their interest? What kind of strategy they deploy? And why? The result shows that there are several strategies that Jatam and Walhi use. They are: 1) Protest, 2) Seminar/FGD, and 3) Campaign. Those strategies are influenced by internal and external factors. For the internal factors, both Jatam and Walhi�s structure of organization creates possibilities to collaborate with other party with the same agenda to achieve the goal. The second internal factor is the funding. Is is widely known that local NGO in East Kalimantan, especially those who strive for environmental protection lack the financial resources to fund their agenda. Both Jatam and Walhi�s financial resources are relatively small compared to the resources of related actors such as the Government and corporations. With such conditions, street protests, seminar and campaign become the rational instruments to be deployed. The last is external factor that considers the social and political context of East Kalimantan society that make them choose those strategies.
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Burlakova, Irina I., Svetlana N. Bogatyreva, Irina V. Polozhentseva, and Galina N. Yulina. "Definition of the concept of “patriotism” in the historical, cultural and educational space of the city." SHS Web of Conferences 103 (2021): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110301039.
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There are five natural beginnings of life created by the hand of God: personality; family; nation (homeland), the kingdom of heaven and the church. In this article, we will try to consider only one aspect of responsibility of a man associated with the formation of national identity. Today, patriotism becomes the idea that can turn from an intangible force into a material one if it is mastered by the people and for many it will become an internal conviction and installation. Today, patriotism has become one of the most controversial topics in Russia. The range of opinions is quite large: from discrediting patriotism as an analogue of destruction and conflict, to calls of the first persons of the state to the unity of the Russian people on the basis of the integration of patriotism with internationalism. Patriotism helps to unite society, reveals to many people the meaning of their own life, raises their understanding and responsibility for the framework of corporatism and social class differences. Patriotism is increasingly recognized by the population as the protection of national interests, the implementation of social justice, as a positive and constructive realization of human rights. It becomes the main task in the programs of patriotic education of the young people. It acts both as an element of worldview and attitude to one’s country, and other peoples and as an educational component of pedagogic system especially in the historical, cultural and educational space of the city.
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Patel, Dhruti. "Policing Corporate Conduct Toward Minority Communities: An Insurance Law Perspective on the Use of Race in Calculating Tort Damages." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 53.1 (2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.53.1.policing.
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Courts commonly use U.S. Department of Labor actuarial tables, which explicitly take into account the race of the tort victim, to determine average national wage, work-life expectancy, and life expectancy. This practice has led to wide discrepancies between average damage awards for minority plaintiffs compared to white plaintiffs even if both plaintiffs are similarly situated. While recent legal scholarship criticizes the use of race-based tables and addresses the Equal Protection and incentive concerns such tables present, few courts have deviated from the explicit use of race in determining tort damages. Though the use of demographic features, such as race, to predict future lost earnings is viewed as a way to calculate more accurate damage awards, a closer look at the effects of race-based tables shows the practice does more harm than good. Specifically, this Note considers the intersection of corporate liability insurance and tort law and how race-based tables affect the deterrence and oversight objectives of the relationship. The first Part of this Note provides an overview of how insurance and tort law work together, as well as the recognized issues with the use of race-based tables. The second Part focuses on how race-based damage awards inhibit deterrence of corporate tortious misconduct by not allowing insurance providers to accurately price premiums. Further, race-based damage awards also prevent insurance providers from adequately policing corporations and mandating certain precautions, which leads to an increased likelihood of tortious harm. The final Part proposes that state legislatures rectify the negative consequences race-based tables create by outlawing the use of race-based tables and establishing a minimum damage award using blended actuarial tables.
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Brunnée, Jutta, and Stephen J. Toope. "Environmental Security and Freshwater Resources: Ecosystem Regime Building." American Journal of International Law 91, no. 1 (January 1997): 26–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2954139.
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We have previously argued that international environmental law does not adequately promote environmental security because it has failed to adopt an ecosystem orientation. In this paper we suggest that environmental security in the context of freshwater resources can only be achieved through a sophisticated understanding of regime formation and elaboration, linked with a determined pursuit of ecosystem orientation. Our underlying assumptions are twofold. First, the protection of shared water supplies is a “good” worth promoting, whether for intrinsic or instrumental reasons. Second, whenever a resource is shared, particularly a resource that can easily be exhausted or degraded,disputes between the states involved are inevitable. Perhaps surprisingly, we have suggested that the security dimension of the problem relates not only to the potential for disputes, but also—even primarily—to the first of our underlying assumptions. Thus,scarcities of resources should also cause concern when they threaten to undermine either the way of life of a given human population or internal structures of governance and activity through the fostering of subnational conflict and the significant reduction of options for action. In this sense we agree with Richard Ullman's now-famous attempt to redefine the very concept of security. In his view, and ours, a threat to security includes [any] action or sequence of events that (1) threatens drastically and over a relatively brief span of time to degrade the quality of life for the inhabitants of a state, or (2) threatens significantly to narrow the policy choices available to the government of a state or to private, nongovernmental entities (persons, groups, corporations)within the state.
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Pešterac, Aleksandra. "The Importance of Initial Public Offering for Capital Market Development in Developing Countries." Economic Themes 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2020-0006.
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AbstractThe first issue of shares is the key moment in the life cycle of any company that was not previously listed on a stock exchange. Considering the fact that transformation into a public open joint stock company brings along a number of advantages and challenges, it would be of great importance to possess knowledge about initial public offering (IPO) issuing activity, as well as stay updated with the number and value of globally realised IPOs. The aim of the paper is to use the comprehensive analysis of IPOs realisation process in order to point out the importance of going public, having in mind both the corporations and investors in the capital market, as well as the economy as a whole. In accordance with the set goal, the paper will present the effects of the realised IPO processes in the countries of Western Europe, China, Japan and the USA. When it comes to developing countries, the IPO of shares on a stock exchange is of special importance, since it contributes to the further development of capital market. Due to the particularity of the Serbian macroeconomic environment, the trends of privatisation process, the insufficient protection of investors, the high level of information asymmetry and the lack of corporate education, there have been no IPO processes realised on the Belgrade Stock Exchange over the past eight decades.
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Becker-Ritterspach, Florian, Katharina Simbeck, and Raghda El Ebrashi. "MNCs’ corporate environmental responsibility in emerging and developing economies." critical perspectives on international business 15, no. 2/3 (May 7, 2019): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-03-2019-0019.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide multinational corporations (MNCs) with a portfolio of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) responses that help curbing the exacerbated negative environmental externalities caused by their business activities in emerging and developing economies. Design/methodology/approach This paper transposes the market-related concept of institutional voids to the context of CER, that is, to the context of exacerbated negative environmental externalities as result of absent, weak or incoherent institutions. Findings This paper proposes that the transfer of products, processes and business models from developed to emerging or developing economies often gives rise to exacerbated negative externalities because of institutional voids in environmental protection. Thus, it suggests a portfolio of CER responses – circumventing, coping and compensating – that allow MNCs to mitigate the exacerbated negative environmental externalities caused by them. Research limitations/implications The authors present an analytical framework for identifying and navigating environment related institutional voids, which serves as a starting point for an action research approach. In tune with recent calls for critical performativity in critical management studies, the action research approach aims at tackling the real-life problem of exacerbated negative environmental externalities caused by MNCs’ activities in emerging and developing economies. Social implications This paper sensitizes scholars, policymakers and managers to exacerbated negative environmental externalities within the context of international business activities in emerging and developing economies. The contribution provides stakeholders with a better understanding of the causes as well as alternative responses to the problem. Originality/value This paper transposes the market-related concept of institutional voids and the strategic responses to dealing with them to the non-market context of CER. The authors argue that institutional voids can be seen as the absence or poor functioning of formal and informal institutions for environmental protection, resulting in exacerbated negative environmental externalities.
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Et.al, D. Priyadarshini. "A Novel Technique for IDS in Distributed Data Environment Using Merkel Based Security Mechanism for Secure User Allocation." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 4284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1720.
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Multiple corporations and people frequently launching their data in the cloud environment. With the huge growth of data mining and the cloud storage paradigm without checking protection policies and procedures that can pose a great risk to their sector. The data backup in the cloud storage would not only be problematic for the cloud user but also the Cloud Service Provider (CSP). The unencrypted handling of confidential data is likely to make access simpler for unauthorized individuals and also by the CSP. Normal encryption algorithms need more primitive computing, space and costs for storage. It is also of utmost importance to secure cloud data with limited measurement and storage capacity. Till now, different methods and frameworks to maintain a degree of protection that meets the requirements of modern life have been created. Within those systems, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) appear to find suspicious actions or events which are vulnerable to a system's proper activity. Today, because of the intermittent rise in network traffic, the IDS face problems for detecting attacks in broad streams of links. In existing the Two-Stage Ensemble Classifier for IDS (TSE-IDS) had been implemented. For detecting trends on big data, the irrelevant data characteristics appear to decrease both the velocity of attack detection and accuracy. The computing resource available for training and testing of the IDS models is also increased. We have put forward a novel strategy in this research paper to the above issues to improve the balance of the server load effectively with protected user allocation to a server, and thereby minimize resource complexity on the cloud data storage device, by integrating the Authentication based User-Allocation with Merkle based Hashing-Tree (AUA-MHT) technique. Through this, the authentication attack and flood attack are detected and restrict unauthorized users. By this proposed model the cloud server verifies, by resolving such attacks, that only approved users are accessing the cloud info. The proposed framework AUA-MHT performs better than the existing model TSE-IDS for parameters such as User Allocation Rate, Intrusion Detection Rate and Space Complexity
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Ornitz, Barbara E. "SUSTAINABLE SHIPPING: THE BENEFITS OF THE “SAFETY CULTURE” FAR OUTWEIGH THE COSTS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 839–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-839.
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ABSTRACT An important challenge for the maritime industry is whether those involved in the transport of oil will embrace the concept that the “safety culture,” which includes protection of the environment, is “good business.” Ship owners/operators and others in the maritime business will adopt the safety culture when they believe in a “continuous and never-ending improvement process as a means to promote productivity and profitability.” Sustainable shipping requires the prevention of costly accidents and activation of “best response,” thus reducing environmental impacts if oil spills happen. Proactive safety management, creation of a quality system with accountability in each link, training of qualified mariners, and using the appropriate response technologies are examples of policy considerations needed to implement this culture. These policy goals should replace short-term thinking of profit maximization and crisis reaction. Safety saves dollars. Oil spills result in tangible, direct losses of life; injuries; and damage to the environment, cargo, and vessel. Direct costs measure only part of the total. Indirect and hidden costs are harder to quantify. They include, for example, reduced worker morale and productivity, eroding customer base, and in this litigious age, Natural Resource Damage Assessments (NRDAs), economic loss claims, increased insurance costs, fines, imprisonment of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) and loss to the corporation for their services, public notoriety, lost opportunity, and many other similar losses. The indirect and hidden costs equate to an increase in direct costs, using a conservative multiplier of 2.7 to 1. Estimates of the total cost of all categories for all vessels involved in marine incidents annually are between $581 million to $1 billion. (Conversely, high quality safety management yields cost savings annually for industry of between $500 million and $1 billion, or an average for individual companies of $200,000). True cost accounting (measuring all costs—external, internal, hidden) translates to a better bottom line.
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Setyarini, Desak Made, Ni Luh Mahendrawati, and Desak Gde Dwi Arini. "Pertanggungjawaban Direksi Perseroan Terbatas Yang Melakukan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum." Jurnal Analogi Hukum 2, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/ah.2.1.1608.12-16.
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Abstract-Directors in a limited liability company can be likened to a life for the company. The Board of Directors in carrying out their duties in managing a limited liability company has the possibility to carry out acts against the law both civil and criminal in nature. However, acts against the law can be directly carried out by the company through its organs, or vice versa, acts against the law are carried out by employees and the company is responsible. Based on this, the problem is obtained: 1) what forms of unlawful actions by the Board of Directors in managing a limited liability company (Corporation)? 2) What is the responsibility of the Directors who commit illegal acts? This research method uses normative legal research, with literature studies of primary and secondary legal materials. Based on research findings, it is known that: 1) Forms of unlawful acts carried out by directors: using company money/ wealth for personal gain, company information for personal gain, conducting related parties transactions with companies, prohibiting competition with the company 2) Directors' responsibility for illegal acts is regulated in Law No. 40 of 2007 the directors are responsible for managing the company where the management has to be done by each member of the board of directors, in good faith and full of responsibility. From this, it is necessary to optimize the implementation and supervision of the Corporation Law which substantially provides protection to business stakeholder and other public rights.
Keyword: Accountability of Directors, Limited Liability Companies, Action against the Law
Abstrak-Direksi di dalam perseroan terbatas dapat diumpamakan sebagai nyawa bagi perseroan. Direksi dalam menjalankan tugasnya mengelola perseroan terbatas memiliki kemungkinan untuk melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum baik bersifat perdata maupun pidana. Akan tetapi, perbuatan melawan hukum itu dapat langsung dilakukan oleh perusahaan melalui organ-organnya, atau sebaliknya perbuatan melawan hukum itu dilakukan oleh pegawai dan perusahaan wajib mempertanggungjawabkan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka didapatlah permasalahan yakni 1) Bagaimana bentuk perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh Direksi di dalam mengurus perseroan terbatas? 2) Bagaimana tanggung jawab Direksi Perseroan Terbatas yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum? Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, dengan studi kepustakaan dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian diketahui bahwa: 1) Bentuk perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan oleh direksi: mempergunakan uang/ kekayaan perseroan untuk kepentingan pribadi, informasi perseroan untuk kepentingan pribadi, melakukan transaksi dengan perseroan, larangan bersaing dengan perseroan 2) Pertanggungjawaban direksi atas perbuatan melawan hukum diatur dalam UU No. 40 Tahun 2007 direksi bertanggung jawab atas pengurusan perseroan dimana pengurusan itu wajib dilaksanakan setiap anggota direksi dengan itikad baik dan penuh tanggung jawab. Dari hal tersebut sebaiknya Perlu optimalisasi pelaksanaan dan pengawasan UUPT yang secara substansial memberikan perlindungan kepada pelaku bisnis dan hak-hak publik lainnya.
Kata Kunci: Pertanggungjawaban Direksi, Perseroan Terbatas, Melawan Hukum
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Ataga, Kenneth I., Santosh L. Saraf, Vimal K. Derebail, Claire C. Sharpe, Adlette Inati, Jeffrey D. Lebensburger, Laurie DeBonnett, Shirong Zhang, and Pablo Bartolucci. "The Effect of Crizanlizumab Plus Standard of Care (SoC) Versus Soc Alone on Renal Function in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase II Study (STEADFAST)." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124823.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited genetic disorder that results in the formation of sickle hemoglobin (HbS). HbS polymerizes when deoxygenated, deforming erythrocytes and leading to chronic hemolysis, anemia and vaso-occlusion. Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) is the term used to describe the renal complications of SCD. Renal vaso-occlusion and hemolysis contribute to the manifestations of SCN which include hyperfiltration and progressive renal impairment. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is diagnosed if abnormalities in kidney structure or function are present for >3 months. The prevalence of CKD in patients with SCD increases with age, and ~12% of patients progress to end-stage renal disease (Gosmanova et al. J Investig Med 2014; Powars et al. Medicine 2005). There are no treatments approved for CKD caused by SCD. Standard of care (SoC) typically consists of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) and/or hydroxyurea (HU). Evidence for the clinical effectiveness of ARBs and ACE inhibitors has been generated mainly from trials in other causes of kidney disease or short-term studies in SCD. P-selectin contributes to vaso-occlusion by mediating adhesion of sickled erythrocytes and leukocytes to the endothelium. Crizanlizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to P-selectin with high affinity and specificity. In SUSTAIN, crizanlizumab significantly reduced the median annual rate of vaso-occlusive crises compared with placebo (Ataga et al. N Engl J Med 2017). Preclinical data show P-selectin expression in the kidneys and upregulation in response to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (Singbartl et al. FASEB J 2000; Zizzi et al. J Pediatr Surg 1997). Crizanlizumab may have a beneficial effect in patients with SCD and CKD by blocking P-selectin-mediated multicellular adhesion, reducing the effects of vaso-occlusion in the renal vasculature and slowing the decline in renal function. The aim of the STEADFAST study is to determine if crizanlizumab can slow the progression of CKD due to SCD (EUDRACT no. 2018-003608-38). Methods: Approximately 170 patients aged ≥16 years with CKD due to SCD will be enrolled. Eligible patients will have HbSS or HbSβ0-thalassemia genotypes, an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥45 to ≤120 mL/min/1.73 m2, an albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥100 to <2000 mg/g and be receiving SoC (which includes HU, ACE inhibitors and/or ARBs) for SCD and/or CKD. Patients must have been receiving SoC for ≥6 months and plan to continue at the same dose and schedule until study end. Exclusion criteria include history of stem cell transplant, chronic red blood cell transfusion therapy, acute kidney injury (AKI) within 3 months of study entry, and patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients will be randomized to receive crizanlizumab 5.0 mg/kg plus SoC or SoC alone. Patients in the combination arm will receive crizanlizumab 5.0 mg/kg by IV infusion over 30 minutes on day 1 of week 1, followed by a second dose 2 weeks later, after which it will be administered every 4 weeks. The total treatment period is 12 months. Primary endpoint: proportion of patients with a ≥30% decrease from baseline in ACR at 12 months, based on the intent-to-treat population. A logistic regression model including treatment effects and stratification factors will be utilized and the test (based on the log-odds ratio estimated by the model) will be carried out at the 1-sided significance level of 0.025. Secondary endpoints include mean change in ACR from baseline to 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, proportion of patients with ≥30% decrease in ACR at 6 months, proportion of patients with ≥20% improvement of protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) at 12 months, percentage change in eGFR from baseline to 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and the proportion of patients with progression of CKD (based on decline in eGFR category accompanied by a ≥25% drop in eGFR from baseline) from baseline to 12 months. Exploratory endpoints include improvement in renal and cardiac biomarkers at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) <2.5 m/s at 12 months among patients with abnormal TRV at baseline. Conclusion: CKD is a common complication of SCD. The STEADFAST study will evaluate whether crizanlizumab, in combination with SoC, can reduce albuminuria and slow CKD progression, thus providing evidence of a reno-protective effect of crizanlizumab. Figure Disclosures Ataga: Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Global Blood Therapeutics: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Emmaus Life Sciences: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bioverativ: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Research Funding; Modus Therapeutics: Honoraria. Saraf:Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Research Funding. Derebail:RTI: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy; Retrophin: Consultancy. Sharpe:Novartis: Consultancy. Inati:Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novonordisk: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Research Funding; Global Blood Therapeutics: Research Funding. Lebensburger:Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy. DeBonnett:Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation: Employment. Zhang:Novartis: Employment. Bartolucci:Global Blood Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; HEMANEXT: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AddMedica: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Korshunova, Olga N., and Ramil V. Kadyrov. "TO THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING THE PREREQUISITES OF THE NATIONAL STATEHOOD OF THE CHUVASH." Historical Search 1, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-3-38-44.
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The article presents a historiographical analysis of methodological approaches to the concepts of “the service class Tatars”, “the service class Chuvash” and “the tribute Chuvash”. These social categories of the population of the late medieval period who lived in the territory of the Middle Volga region, including the Chuvash region, for a long period caused historians’ interest to the problem of their ethnicity. In the period of land expansion of the Moscow state and the formation of the Russian state (second half of the 16th–19th centuries), individual representatives of the Chuvash ethnos formed part of the ethnosocial category of service class people. As representatives of the military service class, they participated in military companies on the side of the Moscow state and drew duties of a security service for the protection of its south-eastern borders. In the middle of the 16th–17th centuries the Chuvash region became a territory of colonization and integration into the system of the Russian statehood. Moreover, the Chuvash land became one of the most important outposts in the process of expanding the territorial borders of Russia. The Chuvash, who were in the service corporation, took an active part in the events. The process of colonization and integration into the system of Russian statehood became a stage for the formation of prerequisites for the formation of the Chuvash ethnos, which later developed into a state-constituting one. It is in the era under consideration in the Chuvash region that the settlement structure, specifics of spiritual culture, economic and domestic life were formed, as well as the city-fortress Alatyr was built which was one of the leading strategic points of the Moscow state in the eastern direction.
The retrospective analysis of the statehood history of the Chuvash prompts to have a new look at historical processes related to the prerequisites of its formation and, in particular, interaction with other peoples of the Middle Volga region, and to enrich ideas about the role of the Chuvash in the formation of a multinational Russian state.
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Serbanescu, Cosmin, Adrian Vintilescu-Belciug, and Lacramioara Corches. "Risk profiles and corporate social responsibility for socially disadvantaged groups." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 863–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0092.
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Abstract Developing a suitable mechanism to stimulate the effective redeployment of capital to social activities can be designed using the corporate social responsibility (CSR) concept. Informational asymmetry about the real state of social risks influences the effectiveness of allocations in social protection. Reducing information asymmetries can be achieved by providing the corporations with socially determined risk profiles based on predetermined patterns. Offering concrete lines of action following the risk profiles approach which to base investment decisions of companies in CSR can maximize the results of such a mechanism. In a previous study the authors have developed a theoretical model for determining the poverty risk profile. This study aims to present the practical application of the theoretical model and to provide comments on some errors. Hence, the authors analyzed Buzau county municipalities in presenting the highest risk level determined by the theoretical model and related causes and performed an impact assessment of an investment in CSR based on a model. Specifically, the authors evaluated the impact of reducing the risk of poverty for a suitable investment in CSR. In the second part of the study, the authors analyzed the types of errors that can be found in the municipalities risk profile model due to the granularity of the data. Thus, for the error of over-inclusion, the authors assessed social allocative efficiency at the community level using benchmarking analysis, Data Envelopment respectively and analyzed the data of the under-inclusion error in Buzau county villages. The paper aims to analyze the relative limits on quantitative models and risk of poverty and the practical implementation of these types of models in the development of corporate social responsibility. The study provides also a useful tool which can be made available to companies in order to increase the vulnerable groups’ life quality and the satisfaction of shareholders, stakeholders and related parties following redeployments according to specific CSR mechanisms.
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Yan, Dong, Paolo Davide Farah, Tivadar Ötvös, and Ivana Gaskova. "Governing the transboundary risks of offshore methane hydrate exploration in the seabed and ocean floor—an analysis on international provisions and Chinese law†." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwaa019.
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Abstract Considering the fact that its existence is abundant while maintaining the ability to generate freshwater while burning, methane hydrates have been classified as sources of sustainable energy. China currently maintains an international role in developing technology meant to explore offshore methane hydrates buried under the mud of the seabed, their primary laboratory being the South China Sea. However, such a process does not come without its hazards and fatal consequences, ranging from the destruction of the flora and fauna, the general environment, and—the greatest hazard of all—the cost of human life. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereinafter ‘UNCLOS’), being an important international legal regime and instrument, has assigned damage control during the exploration of methane hydrates, as being the responsibilities and liability of individual sovereign states and corporations. China adopted the Deep Seabed Mining Law (hereinafter the DSM Law) on 26 February 2016, which came into force on the 1 of May 2016; a regulation providing the legal framework also for the Chinese government’s role in methane hydrate exploratory activities. This article examines the role of the DSM Law and its provisions, as well as several international documents intended to prevent transboundary environmental harm from arising, as a result of offshore methane hydrate extraction. Despite the obvious risk of harm to the environment, the DSM Law has made great strides in regulating exploratory activities so as to meet the criteria of the UNCLOS. However, this article argues that neither the UNCLOS nor the DSM Law are adequately prepared to address transboundary harm triggered by the exploitation of offshore methane hydrates. In particular, the technology of such extraction is still at an experimental stage, and potential risks remain uncertain—and even untraceable—for cross-jurisdictional claims. The article intends to seek available legal instruments or models, to overhaul the incapacity within the current governing framework, and offers suggestions supporting national and international legislative efforts towards protecting the environment during methane hydrate extraction.
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Ene, Selda, and Betul Ozkaya. "A Study Regarding the Relationship between the Consumer Expectations Regarding Packaging and Brand Awareness." International Business Research 9, no. 6 (April 11, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v9n6p102.
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<p>Factors such as changing life styles, consumers being more conscious and competition increasing in both global and national domain require brands to seek success in the market by adding new and diversified characteristics to their products. In this context, packaging, which adds value to the product and moreover, presents the product on the shelves and is a part of the product and the brand, is a subject that the brands and the consumers increasingly focus on. Packaging is crucial in the marketing of similar products. Thus, it bears a lot of responsibility. </p><p>Packaging reaches both available and potential consumers at the most essential stage like decision-making and satisfies the expectations of the consumers, such as “information seeking, ease of handling and usage, brand comparison, brand image and awareness, environment protection, health insurance, innovation opportunity, promotion, etc.” Packaging is situated in an important position in reaching the consumer, being imprinted on people’s mind and creating brand awareness. Due to the fact that packaging is the initial attraction factor in points of purchase, it is one of the most important aspects of the brand and it helps to increase the brand value by creating brand awareness. Deriving from this notion, this study analyzes the relationship between the consumer expectations regarding packaging and brand awareness with the help of a survey. For the survey, consumers who are over 18 years old and shop from the food retail stores are interviewed face to face in İstanbul, Turkey on August 2015 and convenience sampling method has been used. Factor analysis was applied to the data which were obtained from the survey. In this study, the relationship between the consumer expectations regarding packaging and brand awareness is examined by performing a regression analysis. It is hoped that the study results will be a guideway for the corporations that seek to increase brand awareness and it is believed that this will increase the awareness level, emphasizing the importance of packaging.</p>
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Tarigan, Muhammad Insan. "BISNIS DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA: APA YANG DILAKUKAN ASEAN?" TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL 3, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v3i2.25708.
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Multinational corporations (MNCs) are business actors who have activities beyond a country's boundaries. This MNCs activities cannot be denied to have an influence on human social life, one of them is human rights. With those regards, regulations at international level have difficulties, because MNCs have not been recognized as the subject of international law. Furthermore, in the context of human rights, MNCs cannot be held accountable, because in this case only the country as the duty bearer of human rights. These conditions make no rules that can bind MNCs behavior to human rights. This article will focus on discussing how the international community takes action on business and human rights issues and the measures that ASEAN can take to engage in business and human rights issues in Southeast Asia. Although, there are some international rules that are born from various international cooperation, but the nature of the rule is the majority of soft law. These business and human rights issues became the international community's attention for a long time until finally the United Nations (UN) Representative made UN Guiding Principles, which also known as Ruggie's Principles. Southeast Asia through AICHR can take several actions to advance the protection of human rights related to business activities as contained in UNGPs and Ruggie's principles, such as AICHR can undertake study literature, encourage Member States to take effective action, engage in dialogue and consultation with organs of ASEAN, community organizations, and other stakeholders, and create a binding legal instrument concerning business and human rights.Multinational corporations (MNCs) merupakan pelaku bisnis yang memiliki aktivitas melewati batas suatu negara. Kegiatan MNCs ini tidak bisa dipungkiri memiliki pengaruh terhadap kehidupan sosial manusia, salah satunya hak asasi manusia (HAM). Pengaturan di tingkat internasional mengalami kesulitan, karena MNCs belum diakui sebagai subjek hukum internasional. Kemudian dalam konteks HAM, MNCs tidak dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban, karena dalam hal ini hanya negaralah sebagai pemegang kewajiban (duty bearer) HAM. Kondisi tersebut membuat tidak ada aturan yang mengikat perilaku MNc terhadap HAM. Artikel ini akan fokus mendiskusikan bagaimana masyarakat internasional mengambil tindakan terhadap permasalahan bisnis dan HAM serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan oleh ASEAN untuk ikut membicarakan bisnis dan HAM di Asia Tenggara. Meskipun, ada beberapa aturan internasional yang lahir dari berbagai kerjasama internasional, tetapi sifat dari aturan tersebut mayoritas soft law. Persoalan bisnis dan HAM ini menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional dalam jangka waktu yang lama hingga pada akhirnya Perwakilan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) membuat UN Guiding Principles yang juga dikenal sebagai Ruggies Principles. Asia Tenggara melalui AICHR dapat melakukan beberapa langkah untuk memajukan perlindungan HAM yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas bisnis seperti yang tertuang di dalam UNGPs dan Ruggies principles, seperti AICHR dapat melakukan study literature, mendorong negara-negara anggota untuk mengambil tindakan yang efektif, melaksanakan dialog dan konsultasi dengan organ-organ ASEAN, organisasi kemasyarakatan, dan stakeholder yang lain, serta membuat instrument hukum yang mengikat tentang bisnis dan HAM.
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McGann, Patrick T., Margaret G. Ferris, Paulino Macosso, Vysolela de Oliveira, Uma Ramamurthy, Ana Ruth Luis, Luis Bernardino, and Russell E. Ware. "A Prospective Pilot Newborn Screening and Treatment Program for Sickle Cell Anemia in the Republic of Angola." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.480.480.
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Abstract Abstract 480 Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a significant global health problem with >300,000 affected infants born each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Up to 80–90% of all children with SCA in Africa die before five years of age, due to infection or anemia, and usually without the proper diagnosis of SCA. Early identification by newborn screening (NBS), followed by interventions such as pneumococcal immunization and prophylactic penicillin, have dramatically reduced the mortality of children with SCA in the US, but this strategy not yet been established in Africa. A novel public-private partnership involving the Republic of Angola, Chevron Corporation, and Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children's Hospital was created to develop a pilot NBS and treatment program for SCA, focusing on capacity building and local ownership. Methods: Two large maternity hospitals in the capital city of Luanda, Angola were initially selected for dried blood spot (DBS) collection and analysis, and a third local health center was soon added. Maternity nurses were taught DBS collection and laboratory technicians learned isoelectric focusing (IEF) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques. Identifiers including cell phone numbers are collected onto the Whatman NBS card to facilitate retrieval of affected babies. After collection, DBS were transported to the central NBS laboratory at Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino (HPDB) for hemoglobin identification by IEF and CE. Demographic data and test results were entered into a unique internet-based electronic data capture system designed with secure password-protection and servers located in Houston, Texas. Results: Since initiation of NBS in July 2011, 17,055 babies have DBS collection and laboratory results: 3,588 (21%) with FAS pattern (sickle cell trait), and 264 (1.55%) with FS (consistent with SCA). Twenty-one samples produced a result other than FA, FAS, or FS, including 10 FAC and 1 FSC. Families of infants with an FS screening result are notified by phone to initiate care and treatment, ideally by age 8 weeks. In the new infant SCA clinic at HPDB, infants receive penicillin prophylaxis and PCV-13 pneumococcal immunization, while parents receive sickle cell education and insecticide-treated bed nets for malaria protection. In the first 6 months, 67.8% of DBS cards had phone numbers documented, but with education and reinforcement, 81.4% of cards had phone numbers in the past 6 months. To date, 220 FS babies are age-eligible for contact and 110 (50%) families have been reached: 104 (47%) have come to the infant SCA clinic, 6 (2.7%) had already died within the first month of life, and 0 refused care. A total of 201 doses of PCV-13 have been provided as per routine vaccination scheduling. After initial visit, the return rate for second immunization is 94% with only 3 babies lost to follow-up including 2 deaths. The calculated first-year mortality rate for all contacted FS babies (6.9%) compares favorably to the national infant mortality rate (9.8%). Conclusions: This prospective pilot study documents that newborn screening for SCA is feasible in a developing country such as Angola. Capacity building and teaching provide local healthcare workers with skills necessary to have a functional NBS program and infant SCA clinic. The sickle cell burden is extremely high in Angola, and contact and retrieval of all affected FS infants remains an ongoing challenge, but families are compliant with clinic appointments and treatment. Early mortality data suggest comprehensive SCA care can save lives, suggesting that expansion of the pilot program is warranted with an eventual national strategy for the diagnosis, care, and treatment of children with SCA in Angola. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Sarkar, Amrita, Gowthami Arepally, M. Anna Kowalska, Douglas B. Cines, Lubica Rauova, Mortimer Poncz, and Kandace Gollomp. "Antibody Stabilization of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Platelet Factor 4 Complexes Is Therapeutic in a Murine Model of Endotoxemia." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-111381.
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Abstract Sepsis is characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated response to infection. Neutrophils play a crucial role in sepsis during which they release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), webs of negatively charged cell-free DNA (cfDNA) complexed with positively-charged histones that kill pathogens but also damage host tissue. While it has been proposed that NET digestion may be beneficial in the treatment of sepsis, it is also possible that this strategy leads to the release of harmful NET degradation products (NDPs), such as cfDNA, histones, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) that cause endothelial damage. An alternative approach would be treatment strategies that prevent NET lysis and the release of NDPs. We posited that NET-bound platelet factor 4 (PF4, CXCL4) may have this effect. PF4 is a highly-positively charged, platelet-specific chemokine released in high concentrations following platelet activation and aggregates polyanionic molecules like heparin, polyphosphates, and DNA. We have found that PF4 causes physical compaction of NETs without inducing histone release. We studied the effect of this compaction using an in vitro microfluidic assay in which NETs released from neutrophils stimulated by tissue-necrosis factor (TNF) α were infused over a layer of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) ± PF4 (25 μg/ml) and incubated for 12 hours. Channels exposed to PF4 were "heathier" with significantly more residual attached endothelial cells (44±24 vs. 150±29 cells/hpf, n=6, p=0.0002). We have previously shown that mice that overexpress PF4 are protected from mortality in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxemia. Compared to wildtype animals, PF4 null mice have increased circulating levels of NET markers including cfDNA, citrullinated histones, and MPO. Treatment with exogenous PF4 leads to a decrease in plasma levels of NET components and a reduction in mortality. In a microfluidic assay in which channel-adherent NETs were treated with increasing concentrations of PF4 (0-25 µg/ml) and then infused with DNase I (100 U/ml), we found that compacted NET-PF4 complexes become resistant to DNase I digestion. Prior studies have revealed that when PF4 binds to polyanionic molecules, it exposes HIT-like antigenic sites. We confirmed that the NET-PF4 complexes similarly bind HIT IgG isolated from clinical samples and the HIT-like monoclonal antibody KKO. Interestingly, KKO binding further enhanced DNase I resistance, a phenomenon not seen with a polyclonal anti-PF4 antibody (abcam). We hypothesized that KKO which causes PF4 oligomerization unlike the polyclonal antibody, further stabilized the crosslinked NET-PF4 complexes, providing additional protection from DNase I digestion and preventing the release of NDPs. We then asked whether KKO may serve as a targeted therapy in the treatment of sepsis, enhancing NET-PF4 complex resistance to nuclease digestion and leading to the sequestration of NDPs. As KKO is an IgG2bk antibody, we were unable to use pepsin digestion to remove the Fc region that causes platelet activation. We therefore used an IgG-specific endoglycosidase to develop a deglycosylated version of KKO (DG-KKO) that retains the ability to bind to NET-PF4 complexes (data not shown), but has a reduced capacity to interact with hematopoietic cell Fc receptors. DG-KKO has a markedly decreased ability to activate human platelets compared to KKO in the presence of added PF4 as measured by P-selectin level (3710±140 control vs. 1580±300 treated MFI, n = 2). Compared to control, DG-KKO infusion in the murine endotoxemia model prevented thrombocytopenia (mean platelet count 286±16 control vs. 537±69 treated X103/µl, n=4-5, p=0.016), the release of cfDNA (8.5±0.3 vs. 3.7±0.7 µg/ml, n=4-5, p=0.016), and the emission of MPO-DNA complexes (234±14 vs. 99±5 % increase from non-LPS injected controls, n=4-5, p=0.016) As depicted in Figure 1, we propose that in sepsis, NETosis occurs (Step 1) causing the release of harmful NDPs (Step 2). PF4 expelled from activated platelets stabilizes PF4-NET complexes (Step 3). Infused DG-KKO enhances NET stability and decreases release of NDPs following DNase I digestion (Step 4). These studies provide mechanistic insights into the release of NDPs during endotoxemia and offer a targeted, novel therapeutic to prevent their contribution to inflammatory states such as sepsis. Disclosures Poncz: Incyte Corporation: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Hideya, Kubo, and Nga Nguyen. "Improvement of Life Insurance Policyholders’ Protection Corporation with Emphasis on Consistency with the Vietnamese Market." Journal of Economics and Development, August 15, 2015, 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33301/2015.17.02.01.
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What is needed for the Life Insurance Policyholders’ Protection Fund in Vietnam is to review and improve its system so that it is consistent with any anticipated changes of the insurance market in Vietnam, by taking advantage of the experience of the Life Insurance Policyholders’ Protection Corporation in Japan where large scale bankruptcies have occurred in series. More specifically, the key points are: (i) introducing a scheme where contract transfer is proceeded with even in the event that no savior insurance company steps forward, and placing emphasis on the indemnification of coverage-based insurance products in which the market is expected to grow, (ii) increasing the burden on policyholders of conventional deposit-based products, for example, a reduction of assumed interest rates, in an effort to increase necessary financial resources, (iii) developing professionals who are specialized in evaluating the values of bankrupt insurance companies and (iv) promoting thorough information disclosure and validating the soundness index.
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Chakraborty, Joy, and Partha Pratim Sengupta. "Indian Life Insurance Market and Corporate Performances: A Study of Selected Firms." International Journal of Banking, Risk and Insurance 4, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.21863/ijbri/2016.4.1.015.
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In the pre-reform era, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI) dominated the Indian life insurance market with a market share close to 100 percent. But the situation drastically changed since the enactment of the IRDA Act in 1999. At the end of the FY 2012-13, the market share of LICI stood at around 73 percent with the number of players having risen to 24 in the countrys life insurance sector. One of the reasons for such a decline in the market share of LICI during the post-reform period could be attributed to the increasing competition prevailing in the countrys life insurance sector. At the same time, the liberalization of the life insurance sector for private participation has eventually raised issues about ensuring sound financial performance and solvency of the life insurance companies besides protection of the interest of policyholders. The present study is an attempt to evaluate and compare the financial performances, solvency, and the market concentration of the four leading life insurers in India namely the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI), ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited (ICICI PruLife), HDFC Standard Life Insurance Company Limited (HDFC Standard), and SBI Life Insurance Company Limited (SBI Life), over a span of five successive FYs 2008-09 to 2012-13. In this regard, the CARAMELS model has been used to evaluate the performances of the selected life insurers, based on the Financial Soundness Indicators (FSIs) as published by IMF. In addition to this, the Solvency and the Market Concentration Analyses were also presented for the selected life insurers for the given period. The present study revealed the preexisting dominance of LICI even after 15 years since the privatization of the countrys life insurance sector.
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Dwivedi, Vijay Kumar, and Snigdhadip Ghosh. "Economics of reviving D.V.C. water supply canal amidst running supply to meet requirement of city of Durgapur, India." WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy, August 18, 2020, 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32438/wpe.1520.
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A water supply canal having a length of 8.9 km, originating from Durgapur Barrage at Durgapur, West Bengal, India and terminating in a pool at a downstream distance of 8.9 km was constructed by Damodar Valley Corporation during 1957-60 to supply drinking water to the city of Durgapur, West Bengal, India and water to several industries situated at Durgapur. Durgapur Municipal Corporation withdraws its complete demand from this canal of DVC. The major industries withdrawing water from the canal is M/S Durgapur Chemical Limited, M/S Durgapur Steel Plant, M/S Phillips Carbon, M/S Durgapur Thermal Power Station. Though the canal was designed for original capacity of 900 cusecs, but now there is withdrawal of about 400 cusecs only from the canal due collapse of the cross section of the earthen canal at different chainage, silting of the canal throughout its reach resulting in failure of the function of the canal to supply water to major customers. A study was undertaken to assess the present hydraulic and environmental conditions of the existing canal and propose procedure for revival of the canal in the most economic way without disrupting the present withdrawal from the canal and also suggest measures to be undertaken for maintenance of environment along the canal to prevent canal cross section from unlawful ingress of water into the canal. In this study, present hydraulic conditions of the canal have been analyzed. Different alternatives of reviving the canal to carry a discharge of 500 cusecs were attempted by (i) designing pre-cast section of the canal capable of carrying a discharge more than 500 cusec, (ii) simply using the existing cross section with side protection with steel sheet piling and bottom protection with concrete blocks, and (iii) providing diaphragm wall on each side of the section and bottom protection with concrete blocks. Feasibility of construction under conditions of continued supply to the existing stake holders was considered while analyzing the economics of revival for all the three alternatives. Revival of the canal by option (ii) has been recommended on the basis of economics of revival amid running condition of the canal. Though the working life of the canal with sheet pile protected side wall is less than that of the canal with diaphragm wall as the side wall of the cross section but workability under running condition of the canal is much higher for the case of side protection with steel sheet piles. Measures such as diverting the unlawful ingress away from the canal, protecting the side berms with green cover has been recommended to improve the environment around the canal.
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"Digital Technologies of the European Union in Personal Data Protection." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 8, no. 12 (October 10, 2019): 3600–3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l3798.1081219.
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The purpose of the article is to consider issues related to the legal protection of personal data in the European Union (EU). Based on a systematic approach and the method of comparative law, it is determined that the legal mechanisms of the EU most extensively regulate their scope, create a rigid framework for European and foreign companies and world corporations, and introduce independent regulatory authorities. This system of personal data protection is the most progressive at the moment. It is revealed that in the 20th-century mankind has experienced a rapid breakthrough of its development when the vector of technology progress was a reoriented towards information infrastructure, huge in its scale and universal coverage. Digital technologies led to the third industrial revolution, and they have entered into everyday life, both professional and domestic. Finally, the authors came to the conclusion that personal data protection rules are increasingly expanding. The world community has already realized the need to protect personal information, prevent its uncontrolled use, and the need to take sufficient measures to ensure the protection of information about the private life of everyone. Issues of cross-border transfer of personal data have become particularly important, and the trend towards the implementation of regulations on the personal data protection of an extraterritorial nature can be clearly seen
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Hammer, Yoav. "Advertisements and the Public Discourse in a Democracy." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1059.
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Modern advertisements contain little information and expose few arguments. They rarely describe the product and its usage or compare it to similar products. Yet, advertisements convey many messagesthey attach meaning to products, suggest values, and spread a particular view of life. Advertisements create a failure in the democratic process; through advertising, commercial corporations intervene in the democratic discourse. Citizens are intensively exposed to the consumerist worldview while alternative points of view are scarcely presented in the communicative sphere.But commercial corporations are not legitimate participants in the public discourse in a democracy since they do not represent the political support of citizens. Presently, courts grant advertisements freedom of speech protection based on the importance of providing information for viewers. But by doing this, courts ignore the value suggesting messages prevalent in modern advertisements.For many years the law in the domain of campaign finance has restricted the speech of corporations in order to prevent distortion of the political discourse prior to elections. Similarly, we should allow the State to intervene to repair the failure in the public discourse created by advertisements. The law regarding informative messages and value-suggesting messages contained in advertisements should treat each separately, and advertisers should not be permitted to convey messages of the latter.