Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protectorat'
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Villanova, José Luis. "La organización política, administrativa y territorial del Protectorado de España en Marruecos (1912-1956). El papel de las Intervenciones." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/108616.
Full textEn esta tesis se analiza la organización política-administrativa que implantaron los administradores españoles en el territorio de Marruecos con la intención de desarrollar el Protectorado. En la primera parte se ofrece una visión de las líneas de investigación sobre las relaciones entre la geografía y el colonialismo. La segunda parte se dedica a contextualizar histórica y geográficamente el Protectorado español en Marruecos. En la tercera parte se analizan las características del sistema de protectorado entre los modelos de administración colonial existentes a principios de siglo XX y su concreción en el caso marroquí. En la cuarta parte se analiza la organización administrativa metropolitana encargada de dirigir la política colonial española en Marruecos y las estructuras administrativas que España creó en la Zona para desarrollarla. También se profundiza en la evolución de la organización de las Intervenciones y del ordenamiento territorial, y se presenta la estructura del Imperio jerifiano en vísperas del establecimiento del Protectorado y la organización majzeniana que levantaron las autoridades españolas en la Zona. En la última parte se aborda el análisis de las Intervenciones
Callies, de Salies Bruno. "Le protectorat francais du tonkin (1884-1896)." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30006.
Full textThis period of the end of the 19th century corresponds to what some call " the second french colonial empire. " yet, in this fantastic exploration movement undertaken by europeans countries in order to discover new terrtories and particularly new markets. The indochinese peninsular and tonkin had a limited role. In this region of south east asia, the english and the french fought to spread their control and to secure strong bases in order to conquest the hypothetical markets of southern china. Having started from the india empire, england spread towards birma and became "councellors" of siam, a powerful and crowed country. Having settled in cochinchina since the second empire, france hoped to spread her influence on the annam empire and particularly on the delta of the red river, after the exploration performer by doudart de lagree which showed that the mekong river was not the way of penetration to reach china. In 1883, the death of major riviere in tonkin launched the process of conquest and pacification of annam-tonkin. In spite of numerous changes of governments, general governors, and the high administrators, the french colonial policy in tonkin became more effective and enabled. .
Ousmanou, Zourmba. "La conservation et la valorisation des vestiges du protectorat allemand dans la ville de Douala (Cameroun)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23697.
Full textYakhlef, Mohamed M. B. L. "La municipalité de Fez à l'époque du Protectorat (1912-1956)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213108.
Full textTreiber, Caroline. "Les pratiques administratives au Maroc pendant le Protectorat (1912-1956)." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA084122.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to highlight, through the study of administrative practices, ambivalences and contradictions that have heavily influenced the practice of colonial rule in Morocco. The challenge is not to re-open the trial of the protectorate, but to analyse the trajectory of colonial administration, its ability to implement the reforms and the future of the protectorate's main principles at its contact. In the first part, an institutional study of the protectorate captures the establishment of the administration thought to be the support of colonial domination. The study is accompanied by an analysis of "lyautéisme" which describes itself as the embodiment of the concept of a protectorate, but is in fact is ideological expression. The second part of this work, devoted to the study of the implementation of the franco-moroccan cooperation policy, reveals that in the decision process, the protectorate system is more related to a form of subjection than a cooperation. It is clear that the colonial administration tends to exclude indigenous from decision poles while it exploits the native chiefs to ensure its grip on society. The objective of the third part is to demonstrate that the protectorate, faced with the need to legitimize the french presence in Morocco, has been unable to achieve the various tasks he was assigned. Moralisation of makhzen administration, modernization of Moroccan justice, and moral and material security, who where considered the essential elements of the conquest of the "protégés", are not guaranteed and these failures reveal all the ambiguities of the protectorate
Yan, Yan. "Le protectorat religieux de la France en Chine (1840-1912)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010579.
Full textBoutbouqalt, Tayeb. "La Politique d'information du protectorat français au Maroc : 1912-1956." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020069.
Full textBelhaj, Saif Mohammed Rachid. "La politique scolaire du protectorat français au Maroc (1912-1940)." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H078.
Full textThe colonial school introduced in morocco has been clearly marked by the marechal Lyautey's ideological choice. Three essential principle were defined : - principle of "difference" that consisted to create specific schools for every school public : European school, franco-jewish school and franco-arabic school ; - principle of "differenciation" that distinguished on one hand between schools reserved for the sons of the leading citizens and populars schools and, on the other hand, between barbers and Arabs ; - principle of "lingering evolution" : the schooling of natives has not to confer more values to his public and to turn out soured elements. The analysis and questioning of several data have shown that these principles had been effectively applied
Boutbouqalt, Tayeb. "La Politique d'information du protectorat français au Maroc, 1912-1956." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596374w.
Full textZnaien, Nessim Yoann Aly. "Les raisins de la domination : histoire sociale de l’alcool en Tunisie à l’époque du Protectorat (1881-1956)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H109.
Full textThis PHD deals with the influence of the French colonizers on food culture in Tunisia during the French Protectorate (1881-1956). I chose to focus on alcohol and to try to know if an improvement of alcohol consumption and of the public interest from the elites can be noted, for example for public drunkenness. For it, I use different archives from newspapers, novels, judicial, police and hospitals administrations and I read different letters exchanged by the high administration. Thanks to these documents, I try to define the implementation of a wine industry in Tunisia in the beginning of colonization. Secondly, I try to understand more the different alcohol trade networks and consumption habits at that time. For habits consumption I question the different cultural mixing, attempts to prohibit alcohol, acculturations and resistances. These different questions are some ways to look at social groups, from producers to alcohol consumers, and to examine social exchanged or dominances reports, not always linked with the phenomenon of colonization
ALAOUI, LAHLOU Zakia. "Analyse lexico-discursive des discours politiques pendant la periode du protectorat francais au maroc. (1912-1956)." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN1062.
Full textThe lexico-discursive analysis of political discourses during the period of the french protectorate in morocco (1912-1956) is a comparative and contrasting analysis of the discourse used by the two political groups in presence. -the nationalists, led by the sultan mohamed ben youssef - the colonialists, led by the general resident of france. This analysis is based on two complementary phases : the significance of the text, and the signification of the discourse. The first phase includes the analysis of historical conditions of the production, the relations between language and history (pragmatic sense), the manner of dressing the language (grammatical sense) at the level of the sentence (lexical analysis) as well as at the level of the syntax (analysis of the base statements). The signification phase includes an analysis at two levels : the rhetorical level according to the aristotelian method (study of objective and subjective evidences) and the ideological level (study of positions related to ideologies in conflict and component forces characterizing the didactic and polemic languages. )
Mathieu, Stéphane. "La photographie en Tunisie et le protectorat français entre 1881 et 1914." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083614.
Full textThe photography began in Tunisia during the French protectorate started in 1881. The target of this thesis is to estimate the consequences of the reciprocal actions between the photography and the society on the aesthetics and the ambition of the pictures made during the period. How could the photography develop normally in spite of the traps due to the complexity of the political situation? What kind of pictures and which image of Tunisia did the photographers show? Based on pictures, the analysis shows how European photographers played the game of some political plans, as they made pictures of the country according to old representations of it. However, the examples of the first Tunisian photographer Samama Chikli and the Germans Lehnert and Landrock prove that it was possible to work in abstraction of this slanted vision. Finally, the story of these pictures (taken for diverse reasons like aesthetic, documentary or commercial reasons) testifies to their participation to the History so that the photography and the world around it became an aesthetic instrument used for inventing a certain Tunisia
BERRADA, RACHIDA. "L'enseignement traditionnel a la veille du protectorat contribution de la crise marocaine." Paris 8, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA080512.
Full textThe present review on "the traditional schooling on the eve of the protectorate : its contribution to the moroccan crisis, proposes to analyse the importance and the role of the moroccan educational system in the (social and) process of the social and political crisis which morocco experienced on the eve of the protectorate. The review is based on an omnipotent and omnipresent array of problems in the 19th century context
Kninah, Abdeslem. "Image(s) francaise(s) du Maroc avant le Protectorat : (XVIIe-XXe siècles)." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG1150/document.
Full textBy analysing the images that the French make of Morocco before the Protectorate, we have hoped to reflect on the specificity of this literary genre from the narrative and discursive schemas that it sets out to make use of. The study of these mental presentations or images in their genesis and typology presupposes a multidisciplinary approach, for, as it appears, it is crucially important to relate literary analysis, and the history of ideas to this study while being, at the same time, aware that cultural images of a country may not truly reflect the political and historical reality of a given time. These images are, however, related to a cultural backdrop which is historically determined. In order to seize the presence of theStranger, the Other, his or her image in a text, it is essential to take into consideration the conditions that contributed to the production of that text. Therefore, an image consists of a group of ideas that are conjured up about the Other or Foreigner evolving in a literacy and socialisation process. It is in the above mentioned perspective that the present paper attempts a chronological, synchronic and an interdisciplinary approach. Thus, by shedding light on the multi images made about Morocco and its inhabitants since the 17th up to the 20th century, we hope to trace whether there or does not exist a filiation of the other in the French perception. Hence,some contextualisation is of the essence in order to encompass the background of thisperception of the Other. Naturally, we have had recourse not only to texts which were produced by travellers across Morocco, but also to historical, ethnological as well as sociological documents addressing this issue. Also, the enlarging of our reflection field to touch on other disciplines, such as human and social sciences, will allow us to come into grips with how the concept and presentation of the Other could reveal the functioning of an ideologicalinstance, be it exotic or racist, which is historically traceable. For exemplification sake, we also wonder if a Christian author is not influenced in his vision of the Muslims and Jews in a way or another. We could also wonder if the outlook of the travellers of the Grand century has not been altered by the contribution of the ideas of the century of light which is based on the dominance of reason as well as a certain scientific and academic rationality
Perrier, Antoine. "La liberté des protégés : souverains, ministres et serviteurs des monarchies marocaine et tunisienne sous protectorat français (1881-1956)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0015.
Full textThe Beylical and Cherifian monarchies were maintained by France when its protectorate was established in Tunisia (1881) and Morocco (1912). This dissertation intends to write the history of their political institutions and civil servants facing colonial administrations by explaining how the monarchies reacted to the colonial presence. It relies on the association of two corpuses. The first, a classic one, combines colonial sources and legal documentation to understand the protectorate as an object of administrative law. The second, more original, is composed of archives in Arabic produced by the sovereigns, ministers and servants of both countries. The combination of sources helps to understand how two polycentric monarchies were recomposed under colonial domination. This work thus shows that Moroccan and Tunisian actors were the main authors of the reform of the monarchy which is rejected by the colonial authorities. Its main hypothesis is that the survival of autonomous public services was enabled by the mosaic nature of the monarchies. Leaning on powerful public services, the Moroccan and Tunisian monarchs and servants were able to oppose the colonial authority with a progressive intensity until independence. This work helps to rethink the limits of the "State" in the North African context by highlighting administrations that have hitherto been ignored by colonial sources. It also feeds the comparative history between a triumphing monarchy in Morocco and another that disappeared in Tunisia in the first year of independence
Coryn-Salhi, Martine. "Le peuple français de Tunisie sous le protectorat : histoire socio-culturelle et politique." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084245.
Full textIn 1956, at the time of Tunisia’s independence, 180 000 people having the French nationality live in this country; which represents 5% of its global population. Some of them are the descendants of immigrants who have kept coming from the northern shores of the Mediterranean Sea since the middle of the nineteenth century; others became French in the frame of a naturalization policy towards Europeans and Tunisian Jews. In 1956, two-thirds of them were born in Tunisia. In 1881, the supremacy of France upon Tunisia implies at the same time a political and economical domination, and an acculturation of both the European minorities and the Tunisian elite. Nevertheless, the French community is not homogeneous; its lack of cohesion is the result of its social differences and of the variety of its cultural references. Relations with the Tunisians are not scarce; they are often friendly. The French living in Tunisia, hardly aware of Tunisian’s national spirit, are opposed to any change which could jeopardize their presence in the country. In 1952, they support the firmness policy initiated by resident Jean de Hautecloque. But the result of this policy is to federate the oppositions to the French domination which finally opens the way to negotiation. If the French leaving in Tunisia accept the self-government proposed by Mendès France, it is with the idea that this solution will allow a smooth transition spreading over around ten years. But the war of Algeria speeds up Tunisia’s liberation. The process of emigration of the French of Tunisia towards France is massive and fast (1956 – 1964). The rhythm of the departures is scanned by political events “tunisification” of the administration, new laws for the foreigners and for the property rights). It can also be explained by the fragile economical situation. The choice of France as the host country is evident for most of them, because of cultural affinities of course, but principally in consideration of the opportunities she offers
Drissi, Nour Badraoui. "Les institutions politico-administratives marocaines et leur restructuration au début du Protectorat Français." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN20010.
Full textThrough the study of the spirit of the reforms applied to Moroccan institutions which consequently modified the status of those who were their representatives, this work aims at evaluating what has been done in this field by the French protectorate authorities in morocco between 1912 and 1925. In order to introduce reforms which, for different reasons, seemed necessary to establish 'modern' administration in morocco, the French protectorate authorities had to act according to requirements prevailing in modern administrative organization. In order to give this work a historical and cultural perspective without which the apprehension surrounding these reforms could not be fully grasped, a presentation of the institutional patrimony of the Cherifian Empire has been developed at length. Thus, certain significant aspects rooted in Islamic law and Moroccan tradition have been analysed in relation to their resistance vis-a-vis the hexogeneous political and ideological will. Similarly, the analysis of the institutional heritage whose aim is to facilitate the comprehension of the cherifian administrative system and the functioning of pre-colonial administration, also aims at understanding the perception of the protectorate's reforms in Moroccan society. Finally, the reference to the cherifian kingdom's cultural, political and administrative past aspires to show how the concerned elements of Moroccan society have been influenced in their foundations and identity by the protectorate's undertaking of administrative reforms
Chafaï, El Alaoui El Hassane. "Journaux et périodiques de langue française au Maroc à l'époque du Protectorat (1912-1956)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211799.
Full textBacha, Myriam. "Le patrimoine monumental en Tunisie pendant le protectorat, 1881-1914 : étudier, sauvegarder, faire connaître." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040060.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to retrace the history of architectural heritage in Tunisia at the beginning of the French Protectorate. Two main leads will be followed: firstly, the history of French institutions, created in order to save historic monuments and secondly, the way the French civil service, scientific societies and writers helped to introduce this heritage. This study points out the importance of the Bureau du Secrétariat et de la Comptabilité in the creation of The Tunisian heritage societies. Thanks to Xavier Charmes, director of this office – a direct competitor of the Historic Monument Department – both the Department of Antiquities and Arts, and the museum of the Bardo, were created, and the decree of the 7 March 1886 was promulgated. Successively, Heads of the Antiquity department, René de la Blanchère, Paul Gauckler and Alfred Merlin started protecting first, the relics of Antiquity and then, Muslim monuments, by promulgating decrees to classify them as Historic Monuments. To achieve their goal, they organised archaeological research and revealed the existence of numerous sites such as the ones of Dougga, Carthage and Sbeïtla. Gauckler and Merlin also initiated a restoration programme to save Punic, Roman and Byzantine ruins as well as Muslim heritage. At the same time, the scientific societies helped to raise interest in this heritage and to broaden the concept of heritage, which by 1914, not only meant the relics of Antiquity, but urban architecture and natural sites as well
Jelidi, Charlotte. "La fabrication d'une ville nouvelle sous le Protectorat français au Maroc (1912-1956) : Fès-nouvelle." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459553.
Full textAziza, Mimoun. "Le Rif sous le protectorat espagnol (1912-1956) : marginalisation et changements sociaux : naissance du salariat." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080953.
Full textThe subject is about social and economical transformations introduced by spanish colonization in the rif. The precolonial rifan society was living essentially from agriculture. The penetration of colonial economy changed completely the ancient social, economical and political structures. The monetarization of the rifan economy created the need of money so as, on the one hand, to pay the taxes set by colonial authorities and, on the other, to buy the manufactured products. The agrarian colonization deprived a great number of rifans froms their lands; this accelerated the rural exodus movement. The emigration of rifan workers towards algeria brought rifan society into contact with european economy, this was an important factor in the outcoming changes in the rif during the first half of the twentieth century. We have also analyzed the transformations ensued in the confrontation between the rifan traditional social structures and the capitalist colonial system of economy. The birth of wage-earning class due to the resort of a certain part of rifan population to wage-earning work is the greatest change that marked the evolution of rifan society. One of the aim of this works is to study the process of the wage-earning class formation
Corriou, Morgan. "Un nouveau loisir en situation coloniale : le cinéma dans la Tunisie du protectorat (1896-1956)." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070069.
Full textMy aim has been to explore both the economies of cinema in Tunisia during the colonial era and the social experience of films by Tunisian, French and Italian audiences. The first part of my dissertation deals with the early beginnings of cinema in Tunisia. I argue that a Tunisian audience existed as early as the beginning of the 20 century. These filmgoers took part in a burgeoning urban life. But this new form of entertainment also found its way into religious and traditional practices. From 1922 onwards, cinemas expanded in the "European" areas as well as in the medinas. I notice the involvement of Italians and Tunisian Jews in the cinema industry. In a second part, I investigate the 1930s and the 1940s, a period characterized by the intrusion of politics in the film business and the cinemas. The arrival of sound film implied a break as films became more and more identified as a national product. I describe cinemas as a new public space. Social issues characterize the last period that runs from the post-war years until Independence in 1956. In the aftermath of World War II, the cinemas stood out as an important venue for social evolutions rather than for direct political protests. Film going revealed slow changes in gender relationships, a growing generation gap and, above all, the rise of an educated Tunisian youth
Noutcha, Roger. "Des oeuvres missionnaires au traitement social du handicap au Camerount : du Protectorat à la République." Strasbourg 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20035.
Full textThe handicap always existed in Cameroon. Its catch from of load began before the colonial era by the family assistance. From 1884, the arrival of the Protestant and catholic missionaries will found by the creation of the dispensaries, the leper-houses, the orphanages and the hospitals a new form of treatment known as medicalized of the handicap. This one will lead in 1971 to creation by a group of missionaries directed by the Leger Cardinal of the Center of Rehabilitation of Yaounde. This center will evolve and undergo a transformation because of its passage of center deprived with an official structure of assumption of responsibility. From 1978, it will be called : the National Center of Rehabilitation of Handicapped of Etoug-ébé. It becomes thus one of the directions of the Ministry for the Social Affairs. The implication of the State is confirmed by the institutional device set up for the social treatment of the handicap, it acts of the structuring of the Ministry for the Social affairs, of the promulgation of the law of 1983 relating to the protection of the handicapped people and of its decree of application which goes back to 1990. In spite of this will of the State, one will note a failure of this assumption of responsibility, which will generate in 1994 a multisector policy of the handicap
Lespes, Marlène. "De l'orientalisme à l'art colonial : les peintres français au Maroc pendant le Protectorat (1912-1956)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20098/document.
Full textThrough the study of French painters gone to Morocco during the Protectorate, this thesis reviews the structures and the emergence of Colonial art, which followed Orientalism at the turn of the century. Far from being an isolated phenomenon, hundreds of artists stayed in this country during the colonial period. The journey is motivated and even sometimes founded by artistic metropolitan societies and by colonial governments. In Paris, Salons and exhibitions such as World's Fairs and Colonial exhibitions dedicate specific areas to works on the colonies. Many artists, critics or curators also attempt to demonstrate how Colonial art can be useful to colonial propaganda. After outlining the French painters’ Moroccan experience, the main artistic and cultural occidental institutions during the Protectorate will be presented. Colonial art continues to represent some Orientalist themes but integrate them with more restraint, moderation and realism. Moroccan colonial iconography can be distinguished from the other colonies by the amount of work dedicated to horse riders, to Berbers and to historical monuments. This particularity is partly due to the cultural policy pursued by Lyautey, to the development of Moroccan ethnography and to the specific goals targeted for Colonial art. This analysis is followed by a dictionary of the artists corpus
Zekri, Rabha. "Les bases socio-économiques et idéologiques de l'enseignement au Maroc pendant le protectorat français, 1912-1956." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H088.
Full textAhmed, Abdallah Chanfi. "Religion et politique aux comores : evolution de l'autorite spirituelle depuis le protectorat francais 1886 jusqu'a nos jours." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0054.
Full textThis study treats of the way how islam and the muslim clergy (ulemas) on the comoros islands have been used for political interests since the creation of the colonial state. The study concludes that during the colonial period (1886-1975) religion hardly had any influence on the state. In pre-colonial times it fulfilled the role of social regulation. However since the political independence of the comoros (6 july 1975) up to now religion has been used by various regimes in order to legitimate their political power. Competing with religious symbolism, unintentionally, these different political regimes encouraged the emergence of the political and religious resistance represented today by the young "wahhabiyya-muslim brother" clergy. This phenomenon is analysed in the following three parts of this study : 1) religion and its role of social regulation during french protectorate 2) religion as means of legitimation of political power in the independent state 3) religion as an arm of resistance against the political, religious and traditional order of the country
Noureddine, Ali. "La justice pénale française sous le protectorat : l'exemple du tribunal de première instance de Sousse : 1888-1939 /." Tunis : L'or du temps, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40968955z.
Full textLardillier, Alain. "Bugeaud et l'avenir de l'Algérie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040048.
Full textAfter a preliminary note explaining how this thesis was written, an introduction describes french colonization before the target period. We considered it usefull to devote a chapter to the situation in Algeria from the arrival of the French until 1836, when Bugeaud first came into contact with the colony. We then study how Bugeaud percieved the world around him : society, the economy and politics. We then look at the algerian period, which we have divided into key stages of this assignment (initial contact with the country followed by his gouverning period), the major issues he faced and the solutions he intended to implement (administration of the algerian people, military and civil european colonization). His attempts to ensure his ideas were accepted have led us to question exactly what future Bugeaud had in mind for Algeria. Finally, we investigate the reasons for his celebrity status and the origins of the Bugeaud myth that propelled him to the status of national hero. In conclusion, we identify the lessons we have learned from our study
Zohir, Jamal-Eddine. "Recherches sur la nature du pouvoir au Maroc et les formes de son intervention économique avant le protectorat." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10058.
Full textThe economical interventionism is not a phenomenon peculiar to modern societies. The kinds of economical interventions that morocco had experienced before the protectorate were diversified but very moderate. At the end of the nineteenth century the Moroccan power realized the backwardness state of its country compared with the west and tried to reduce it by playing upon the economic structures. But in an adverse context its attempt was going to be broken off by the establishment of the protectorate
Marghich, Moussa. "L'Eglise catholique au Maroc français au temps du Protectorat (1907-1956) : les choix ecclésiastiques et les répercussions politiques." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080023.
Full textThis study tries to place the French Roman Catholic Church in Morocco in the colonial context. It mainly aims to describe and to analyze mechanisms which determine relationships between the political and ecclesiastical power and to bring a reflection on their evolution, and the nature of relations between the Church and the various political tendencies and organizations in Morocco which are hostile to the Church. This work also involves the presentation of the main phases in the evolution of the presence of the Church in Morocco from a politicial and an ecclesiastical point of view. Relations between the ecclesiastical and political authorities during the period of Protectorate is not yet treated enough.This work is essentially based on the diplomatic archives (centres of La Courneuve and Nantes) and private archives (franciscan convents of Paris and Toulouse), which have been rarely used by the researchers and the historians so far.The colonial occupation of Morocco creates a new situation for the Roman Catholic Church. It is called to play an important role in the colonial enterprise. During the French presence in Morocco, the Church shows a remarkable evolution in its political thinking and develops a particular ecclesiastical experience. This evolution is achieved across three major stages. The limits of every stage are characterized by the concerns specific to each of the three successive prelates leading the vicariate of Rabat.The first stage (1908-1926) focuses at first on the question of the French zone’s religious autonomy, and also the religious life of French people who have arrived in Morocco. During the French intervention in Morocco, Spanish Franciscans run the mission. And since then, in a political context not very favourable to the French clergy (secularization policy, diplomatic breaking between France and the Holy See, the outbreak of the First World War), negotiations go on between the various parties involved to adjust to the new situation and allow French people to have a clergy representing their country. French religious superiors who were previoulsy under the vicar of Tanger (Mgr. Cervera) skillfully and carefully seek to set up human and material ressources necessary to organize Catholicism without upsetting neither political powers and the local population. This policy leads to peaceful relationships between spiritual and political powers. It is important moreover to precise that Marshal Lyautey is a builder of this cohabitation. In spite of the Spanish and the Holy See’s reluctances, this strategy results in the division of Morocco in 1923 at religious level and finally offers France its first French apostolic vicar in Morocco : Mgr. Dreyer.Some very important religious and politicial topics are discussed, in particular the French-Spanish negotiations regarding the division of Morocco religiously, relations between Lyautey and the French clergy, debates on a project requesting for the authorization of the Franciscans’ congregation, discussions between France and the Holy See on methods of appointing vicars, etc
Zohir, Jamal-Eddine. "Recherches sur la nature du pouvoir au Maroc et les formes de son intervention économique avant le protectorat." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376020047.
Full textGuirat, Hend. "La peine de mort en Tunisie sous le protectorat : les condamnations prononcées par la justice pénale française (1883-1955)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0115.
Full textWhen implemented by the 27 March 1883 Act, the French criminal justice Tunisia was aiming at judgingcrimes committed by French population and among French. Its jurisdiction was thenextendedfirst, to Europeans and then to Tunisians. From 1883 to 1955, French authorities impliment four courtswithin the main cities of the Regency : in Tunis (1883), Sousse (1887), Sfax and Bizerte (1941). Even though, cirminal cases resulting in a capital punishment were the less numerous ones in the primary sources I studied, these specific cases teach us a lot: the collection of data on capital punishment and death sentence, and on their enforcements demonstrates that the French justice was not always that harsh with the convicts throughout the colonial period. From the pre-trial proceedingsto the sentence (or even to the pardon), the ways through wich the criminal courts of the Regency proceedsdoes reveal a final failure in a colonial context, French justice did mainly fail at adapting metropolitan institutions to a colonial order
Matri, Faiza. "La conservation du patrimoine architectural et urbain de la Medina de Tunis pendant la période du protectorat (1881-1956)." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE29003.
Full textColtelloni-Trannoy, Michèle. "Le royaume de mauretanie (vingt-cinq av j-c quarante ap j-c) : l'experience d'un protectorat en mediterranee occidentale." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040136.
Full textMusons, Michel. "La responsabilité délictuelle et quasi-délictuelle dans le droit marocain du protectorat (1913-1956) : contribution à l'histoire du droit privé." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0549.
Full textSbaï, Jalila. "La politique musulmane de la France et Robert Montagne 1911-1954." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE5025.
Full textThis thesis analyzes jointly through the public and private archives, the double route; that of the Muslim policy of France through the institutions which were dedicated to her: Interministerial Commission of the Muslim affairs, the High Mediterranean Committee, the Center of the High studies and the Muslim administration; and that from catholic French, Robert Montagne, a sociologist-political analyst of the Muslim world. She studies on one hand, the interactions enter the ' colonial - Muslim ' French policy for the governance of the empire, the management policy of the Muslims stemming from the empire in mainland France, and the birth of an Islam of France. On the other hand the interactions between the political, military, university and catholic circles; the influence of the latter of which R. Montagne is one of represent the most imminent on the Muslim policy of France between 1911 and 1954
Sugiyama, Yoshiko. "Sur le même banc d'école : Louis Macheul et la rencontre franco-arabe en Tunisie lors du Protectorat français (1883-1908)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10030.
Full textMusons, Michel. "La responsabiblité délictuelle et quasi-délictuelle dans le droit marocain du Protectorat (1913-1956) : contributions à l'histoire du droit privé /." Rabat : Publications de la Revue marocaine d'administration locale et de développement, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41117893q.
Full textMention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Al-@masʼūliyyaẗ al-taqṣīriyyaẗ wa šibh al-taqṣīriyyaẗ fī al-qānūn al-maġribī (1913-195 : musāhamaẗ fī tārīh̲ al-qānūn al-h̲āṣ / Mīšāl Mīsūn,... N° de la : "Revue marocaine d'administration locale et de développement", ISSN 1113-1764, (2006). Bibliogr. p. 389-403.
Benbijja, Khalid. "La vie économique et politique des Juifs au Maroc de la fin du 18e siècle à l'instauration du protectorat français 1912." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA083664.
Full textThe economical life of the Jews in Morocco is distinguished according to two different sectors. On the one hand, the rural world living from agriculture and breeding on the other hand, the urban world, relatively developed, living from craft industry (for example jewellery and shoemaking…) and from commerce. The manor Jewish community: The "Tujjars as sultan", diplomats or negotiators is depended on the state. The sultans and makhzen had found their interests thanks to those sales men, offering them many advantages. The Jews had an essential role in the economy of the country during the eighteen and the nineteenth centuries. The Jewish community knew how to resist the status of dhimmis and the political instability by respecting the inter-communities relations, while preserving its own traditions and culture. The extension of the occidental protection on a great number of Jews with different social back ground has many consequences on the political stability of the country and on the economical decay at the end of the 19th century
Aberdam, Marie. "Élites cambodgiennes en situation coloniale : essai d'histoire sociale des réseaux de pouvoir dans l'administration cambodgienne sous le protectorat français (1860-1953)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H026.
Full textProposing a portray of the Cambodian high society during the French Protectorat, this PhD describes how the mantrī - Cambodian mandarins - manipulated their social organization in the colonial context. Through colonial archives, Cambodian sources and oral history, this essay demonstrates how the high society used their networks of parents within the royal then within the colonial administration. Those networks, composed of large group of allies and associates, were dedicated to the control of social and political powers. The conflicts between those networks - to gain control over the administration - rhythmed the dynastic history of Cambodia all along the 19th and 20th centuries. Their actors took a part in the establishment of the colonial order. Confronted to the penalization of their practices - assimilated to nepotism and corruption by the Colonial State - those networks of power then instrumentalized the needs of the colonial administration to their issues of perpetuation. Their members became colonial administrators and then limited the capacity of the colonial institutions to interfere on their social structures. A prosopographie of one hundred and twenty mantrī of the royal administration became civil servants of the Colonial State describes how their networks spread within the Indochinese services. A collective biography of one of these networks - a family, its allies and associates - analyses the kinship model of the Cambodian elite, its perpetuation and its evolutions depending of their relations with the royal family and the Colonial State until the independence
François, Axelle. "La structuration d'un État malgache au XIXe siècle : de l'apogée du royaume merina à la mise en place du protectorat français." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU10041.
Full textAfter having imposed themselves as the dominant tribe in Madagascar, the Merina were able to establish a political stability towards the European countries. This enabled them to maintain a certain independence until the ultimate action of the French colonization, which marks the end of the Merina monarchy. During many years, the Merina were able to hold the French colonialist claim in check. The perseverance of the court of Imerina and its intransigent government policy, were the principal assets of the Malagasy populaiton. Nevertheless, facing the determination of the French and deprived of the support of its faithful allied which was England, Madagascar was compelled to accept, in 1895, the official protectorate introduction. This victory was the cost of many years of fight during which the French did not stop modifying and adapting their policy in order to impose themselves towards the Malagasy people who were inclined to defend the crowned ground of their ancestors against any foreign interference
Berreby, Haî William. "Les Juifs de Tunisie à l'aube de la modernité : de l'instauration du protectorat français à la Première guerre mondiale, 1881-1919 /." [Montpellier] (le Belvédère F1, Av. Marius-Carrieu, 34080) : Mémoire de notre temps, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413464324.
Full textBenyahia, Driss. "Médina et ville nouvelle : Tétouan et sa région, le devenir d'une ville du nord-ouest marocain au temps du protectorat (1912-1956)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070078.
Full textThis work highlights the history of Tétouan Medina which covers two periods from 19th century up to the first half of the 20th century. The first half deals with : i) the various relationships which bound Tetouan with the central government; ii) social structure ; iii) the inflection time for the Tétouan city after his first forced contact with Europe. The latter have triggered a process of social change leading to the integration of Tétouan in the capitalist world in the early 20th century and were crowned by the protectorate treaty. The second period covers the process of space Hispanicization which resulted in significant historical changes concerning i) the architectural and urban spaces, the population mobility and its impact on demographic increase. Ii) redefining the role of the Téttaounie bourgeois nationalist intelligentsia adopting an "Hispanophile" discourse as reaction to the "Maurophile" spanish policy. From 1930 , political parties, modern educational institutions and an Arabic press reflected the ideological positions of bourgeois nationalism. They were an important sign of intellectual and political adaptation of Téttaounie bourgeoisie against the colonialism. Besides, this work focuses first on the importance and function of old and new social spaces of the Tétouan Medina as representative places of social, intellectual (fountains , prints , book fairs, press. . . ) , artistic ( cinema and fine art. . . ) and leisure sociability ( cafés , bars , private clubs, sports , etc. . . )
Lardillier, Alain. "Bugeaud et l'avenir de l'Algérie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040048.
Full textAfter a preliminary note explaining how this thesis was written, an introduction describes french colonization before the target period. We considered it usefull to devote a chapter to the situation in Algeria from the arrival of the French until 1836, when Bugeaud first came into contact with the colony. We then study how Bugeaud percieved the world around him : society, the economy and politics. We then look at the algerian period, which we have divided into key stages of this assignment (initial contact with the country followed by his gouverning period), the major issues he faced and the solutions he intended to implement (administration of the algerian people, military and civil european colonization). His attempts to ensure his ideas were accepted have led us to question exactly what future Bugeaud had in mind for Algeria. Finally, we investigate the reasons for his celebrity status and the origins of the Bugeaud myth that propelled him to the status of national hero. In conclusion, we identify the lessons we have learned from our study
Théliol, Mylène. "Le regard français sur le patrimoine marocain : conservation, restauration et mise en valeur de l'architecture et de l'urbanisme des quatres villes impériales durant le protectorat (1912-1956)." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30076.
Full textIn 1912, France already possesses, in North Africa, Algeria and Tunisia. Their respective military colonization was accompanied by a transfer of the political, administrative and cultural metropolitan practices as process of patrimonialisation. This last one consistes in safeguard monuments with a pronounced historic and artistic characteristic. At first, French people protected the antique buildings but little by little, they widened this protection in some representative moslem monuments of a precise period or a precise artistic style. When the treaty of Fes, of March 30th, 1912, establishes French protectorate in Morocco, it foresees, besides the administrative and economic modernization of the country, the protection of the Sultan’s spiritual power and that of Moroccan customs. In this prospect, the General Hubert Lyautey tends to rule Morocco, from his appointment at the post of Police Commissioner general Resident of the protectorate, on April 27th, 1912. He sets up a legislative and administrative device as concerns the preservation of historic monuments, which is inspired by French and Tunisian experiences but which postpones from it. Contrary to Tunisia or Algeria, the conservation of the arabian-moslem buildings prevails on that of antique monuments. Other originality of the Moroccan patrimonial program is in safeguard of urban fabrics among which the aimed first ones of which are imperial cities, Fes, Meknès, Marrakesh and Rabat Salé. These last ones synthetize by their geographical localization, their history and their ethnic, cultural, social and economic varieties the whole Morocco. They exemplify to arrest the study of patrimonial program and its means of action. From the first year of the protectorate, a dahir (decree) of November 26th, 1912 what deals with "vestiges of the past which touch the history of the Moroccan Empire as well as the artistic things which contribute to its embellishment " is established. The law of February 13th, 1914 supersedes it and establishes the modalities of preservation of historic maroccan monuments, inscriptions, objects of art and antiquity as well as places surrounding monuments, sites and natural sites. These two legislations are applied by means of the Service of antiquities, fine art and historic monuments, created on November 26th, 1912. Its role is to look for and to preserve antiquities, buildings and historic or artistic objects, to watch the executed works of restorations, to study the measures of defence, protection and renovation of the Moroccan crafts, and to preserve in full medinas and their architectures. However this objective is questioned, in particular, by the urbanistic turnovers bound to the overpopulation of the medinas that engendered drift from the land, one of the consequences of the thirties economic crises. After 1945, the protection of medinas is always a priority. The Inspection of historic monuments shapes even the former cities in cities museums to protect them from new modern constructions which menace them, although Moroccans are favorable to architectural innovations in metropolis
Bennani, Mounia. "Le système des parcs et jardins publics du début du protectorat français au Maroc : Rabat, le prototype de la ville-paysage idéale (1912-1930)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0056.
Full textThis thesis of doctorate concerns history of landscape creation in Morocco between 1912 and 1930 that marks the beginning of French Protectorate in Morocco. The subject is to turn out the way that new tows developed by French people outside of the medinas under the direction of the architect Henri Prost are an application of the theory "Park System" defended by the landscape and urban architect Jean Claude Nicolas Forestier. The comparative investigations of the four imperial towns (Rabat, Fes, Meknès, Marrakech) and Casablanca permits to realize on the one hand the importance conceded to the planning of vacant spaces within the development of new cities and on the other stylistic tendency of urban epoch as to the creation of parks and urban public gardens. Rabat, the capital, shows in a new way the "city-landscape", idealism woodlands and reserves of vacant spaces in advance
Larsa, Najat. "Etude monographique sur l'évolution de la communauté juive de Fès sous le protectorat français 1912-1956 : étude de la vie sociale, politique, économique et intellectuelle." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082088.
Full textMaloux, Thierry. "À l’ombre d’Angkor, l’action des militaires français au Cambodge, 1863-1954." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL074.
Full textUnder the protecting shadow of the Angkor temples, the French military have left their mark in the history of the French protectorate in Cambodia. We propose to portray this action from three different angles. A political and diplomatic action that embraces the questions related to the Cambodian context, and those related to the regional and international balance of powers. The study seeks to discern what pertains to the personal commitment of the military, and what refers to the political and diplomatic commitments of the French government. A military action that aims to pacify Cambodia, to safeguard the French interests, and to avoid the invasion of the country by the communist forces. The methods and effectiveness of the French military tool in this context are carefully analysed. Finally, the action of the "unarmed soldiers": explorers, archaeologists, ethnologists, writers, etc., who also played a key role in the reconstruction of the Khmer identity, and in reinforcing its presence in the French Indochina. A prosopographic analysis attempts to differentiate, for each of the soldiers involved, the action that can be explained as a personal and sometimes intimate quest, from the action that is part of his mission or that could be considered as the product of the collective work. The nature of the protectorate, created by the French military, and its evolution towards a model inclined to adapt itself to the Khmer invariants and to the French political context, are at the heart of this study. The French military tool in Cambodia is thus revealed through its structuring, functioning and metamorphosis creating an unusual colonial relationship between France and Cambodia
Recio, García María Ángeles. "D'una guerra a una altra. Els militars africanistes espanyols: de Ben Tieb a Llano Amarillo (1924-1936)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482139.
Full textLes guerres et la pacification du Protectorat de l'Espagne au Maroc favorisent la formation d'une armée coloniale mercenaire des indigènes marocains et autres étrangers: l'Armée d'Afrique, sous le commandement des militaires espagnols; et forgent aussi, entre les principaux de ces commandants ―appelés militaires africanistes―, une mentalité militariste et impérialiste contrarie à l'arrivée au pouvoir de la Deuxième République, qui se sont affrontés avec les armes à la main en juillet 1936, déplaçant même l'Armée d'Afrique à l'Espagne et Minorque, provoquant et après gagnant la Guerre Civile espagnole.
The wars and the pacification of the Protectorate of Spain in Morocco propitiate the formation of a colonial mercenary army of Moroccan Aborigens and other foreigners: the Army of Africa under the command of Spanish military; and they forge likewise, among their major commanders ―called Africanist military―, a militarist and imperialist mentality contrary to the rising of the second Republic, whom they confronted with weapons in hand in July 1936, even with those colonial army moving to Spain and Menorca, provoking and afterwards winning the Spanish Civil War.
El, Mhindi Mustapha. "La présence française au Maroc et la naissance du nationalisme marocain (XIXème-XXème siècles) : aspects juridiques, institutionnels et politiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32058.
Full textThe subject of our research project lies within the scope of a political approach which looksinto how Morocco organises its political universe and conceives its relation to power.France deemed it necessary to set up a protectorate rather than a system of direct rule. De facto, France rejected the direct administration of the Christian Empire and sought a balance of "association" and "control" with the view of re-establishing order and unity within the country.From the moment the protectorate was first mentioned, France witnessed many a resistance, be they armed or political. From 1930 onwards, nationalist aspirations emerged. The quest for national identity and unity would stand as the chief explanation for Moroccan resistance. The mid 1930s saw the beginning of an ever-growing national awareness regarding the struggle for independence. This thesis strives to draw up an overview of the various stages of that same devoted struggle. It also aims at analysing the many aspects of the colonial system which resulted from the treaty of 1912, and shedding light on the French-Moroccan crisis.Within this socio-political context, did France succeed light in uniting Morocco ?May we envisage its territorial supremacy as a change of systems ? And how may we identify the main evolution within the Marocco political system ?