Academic literature on the topic 'Proteiini'
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Journal articles on the topic "Proteiini"
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Kelloniemi, Jani, Kristiina Mäkinen, Minna-Liisa Rajamäki, and Jari P. T. Valkonen. "Tuotekehityksessä ja tutkimuksessa tarvittavien proteiinien tuottaminen kasveissa perunan A-viruksen avulla." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 23 (January 31, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.76944.
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Viruksien käyttö tuotekehityksen ja tutkimuksen vaatimien proteiinien tuottamiseen, syötävien rokotteiden kehittämiseen ja geeniterapiaan edustavat kasvavia biotekniikan sovellusalueita. Perunan A-virus (PVA) kuuluu potyviruksiin, joiden proteiinit tuotetaan aluksi yhtenä suurena molekyylinä. Se pilkotaan yksittäisiksi proteiineiksi viruksen itsensä tuottamilla entsyymeillä. Siten virusgenomiin lisätty vieras geeni käännetään proteiiniksi virusproteiinien mukana. Lopputuloksena sekä viruksenproteiineja että vierasta proteiinia tuotetaan kasvisoluissa samansuuruinen määrä. PVA:n proteiini-kuoren koontimekanismi sallii perintöaineksen merkittävän lisäyksen ilman, että viruksen tartutuskykymerkittävästi heikkenee. Koska virus monistuu ja leviää koko kasviin, jo melko pieni määrä kasveja riittää huomattavan proteiinimäärän tuottamiseen esimerkiksi säännösten mukaisessa kasvihuoneessa.Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli hyödyntää PVA:n genomia yhden vieraan proteiinin tai useiden erilaisten proteiinien samanaikaiseen tuottamiseen kasveissa. Aluksi kokeiltiin vieraan geenin kloonaamista viruksen replikaasia ja kuoriproteiinia koodaavien genomialueiden väliin. Työhön valittiin kaksi ihmisestä peräisi olevaa geeniä. Toinen geeneistä tuotti sorsiiniproteiinia, joka toimii sydänlihaksen supistuksen säätelijänä. Toinen puolestaan tuotti S-COMT-entsyymiä (katekoli-O-metyylitransferaasi), jonka aktiivisuuden rajoittaminen auttaa Parkinsonin taudin hoidossa. Kasvissa tuotettua S-COMT:ia voitaisiin käyttää lääkekehityksessä estolääkkeiden testaukseen. Kahden viikon kuluttua tartutuksesta tupakan lehdissä oli entsymaattisesti aktiivista S-COMT:ia n. 1 % lehden liukoisista proteiineista. Sorsiini sen sijaan oli pysymätön kasvisoluissa, sillä sitä ei havaittu mitattavia määriä. Tulos osoitti, että kaikki ihmisen proteiinit eivät sellaisenaan sovellu kasvissa tuotettaviksi.Transposonimutaatioon perustuneella tutkimuksella oli paikannettu PVA:n P1-proteiinia koodaavalta alueelta kohta, johon voitaisiin siirtää vieras geeni. Asia varmistettiin siirtämällä tähän kohtaan meduusan geeni, joka tuottaa UV-valossa vihreänä fluoresoivaa proteiinia (GFP). GFP-geeniä kantava PVA levisi kasvissa ja lisääntyi n. 30-50 %:iin viruksen normaalista pitoisuudesta. Koko kasvi fluoresoi vihreänä UV-valossa. Sama voitiin havaita myös tuottamalla GFP jo edellä mainitusta, ihmisen proteiinien tuottamiseen käytetystä PVA-genomin kohdasta.Vieras geeni voidaan sijoittaa myös potyviruksen P1- ja HCpro-proteiineja koodaavien alueiden väliin. Tämä on mahdollista myös PVA:ssa, mikä osoitettiin tässä työssä. Siten samaan PVA-genomiin voitiin siirtää kolme geeniä, yksi kuhunkin kolmesta kloonauskohdasta. Lopputuloksena oli PVA-genomi, jossa GFP-geeni sijaitsi P1:n sisällä, merivuokon lusiferaasigeeni P1/HCpro-kohdassa ja bakteerin beta-glukuronidaasigeeni (GUS) replikaasi/kuoriproteiinikohdassa. Virusgenomin ja itse viruksen pituudet kasvoivat 38 %, mutta virus säilytti tartutuskykynsä. Se levisi kasveissa saavuttaen 10-15 % viruksen normaalista pitoisuudesta. Kaikki kolme vierasta proteiinia tuotettiin huomattavina pitoisuuksina ja aktiivisina kasvien lehdissä.
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Saastamoinen, Marketta, and Merja Eurola. "Palkokasvien, herneen, härkäpavun, sini- ja valkolupiinin sekä soijan kemiallinen laatu Suomen oloissa viljeltynä." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75608.
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Satafood Kehittämisyhdistys ry:llä on Manner-Suomen maaseudun kehittämisrahoituksella oleva Alituotantokasvien tuotannon kehittäminen –hanke, jossa kehitetään mm palkokasvien viljelyä. Hankkeessa on toteutettu uusien palkokasvien mm. sini-, valkolupiinin ja soijan koeviljelyä viljelijöiden pelloilla. Palkokasvit ovat typpiomavaraisia proteiinirikkaita kasveja, joilla pystytään katkaisemaan viljanviljelykierto. Viljelyksiltä on kerätty viljely- ja satotietoja sekä satonäytteitä. Näytteitä saatiin Karita, Hulda ja Stok herneestä, Kontu ja Fuego härkäpavusta, Haags Blaue ja Sonet sinilupiinista, Dieta valkolupiinista ja Elena soijapavusta. Herneestä ja härkäpavusta määritettiin proteiinipitoisuus. Sini- ja valkolupiinin sekä soijan näytteistä analysoitiin rehuanalyysi. Jokaisesta kasvilajista määritettiin aminohappoanalyysi ja kaikista vuoden 2010 näytteistä määritettiin fytiinihappopitoisuus. Stok-herneessä oli matalampi proteiinipitoisuus (214 g/kg) Karitaan (234 g/kg) ja Huldaan (223 ja 239 g/kg) verrattuna. Kontu härkäpavun proteiinipitoisuus oli jonkin verran korkeampi kuin Fuegon. Haags Blaue sinilupiinin proteiinipitoisuus oli vuonna 2010 keskimäärin 229 g/kg ja vuonna 2011 317 g/kg. Sinilupiini Sonetin proteiinipitoisuus oli 308 g/kg. Sinilupiininäytteiden rasvapitoisuus vaihteli 30-49 g/kg. Soijassa ja valkolupiinissa oli korkeimmat proteiini- ja rasvapitoisuudet. Elena soijapavun proteiinipitoisuus oli 379 g/kg ja Dieta valkolupiinin 382 g/kg. Elenan rasvapitoisuus oli 100 g/kg ja Dieta valkolupiinin 101 g/kg. Sinilupiinin kuitupitoisuus oli korkeampi kuin valkolupiinin ja soijan. Soijapapu ja valkolupiini olivat rehuanalyysituloksiltaan lähes samanarvoiset. Herne, härkäpapu, sini- ja valkolupiini sekä soija poikkesivat toisistaan aminohappokoostumuksen suhteen. Herneen (7,8 g/100 g) ja härkäpavun (7,1 g/100 g) proteiinissa oli enemmän lysiiniä kuin soijan (6,8 g/100 g) tai sini- (5,8 g/100 g) ja valkolupiinin (5.0 g/100 g) proteiinissa. Korkein rikkipitoisten aminohappojen metioniinin ja kystiinin määrä oli soijassa (3,3 g/100 g). Myös sinilupiinissa rikkipitoisten aminohappojen määrä oli melko korkea (2,9 g/100 g) proteiinia. Tutkittujen palkoviljojen fytiinihappopitoisuudet olivat erilaiset. Rehussa fytiinihappo alentaa 1-mahaisten eläinten kasvua. Matalin fytiinihappopitoisuus oli valkolupiinissa (6,2 mg/g ka) ja korkein soijapapu Elenassa (22,6 mg/g ka). Fuego härkäpavun fytiinihappopitoisuus (11,7 mg/g ka) oli alempi kuin Kontu härkäpavun pitoisuus (16,5 mg/g ka). Haags Blaue sinilupiinin fytiinihappopitoisuus (13,6 mg/g ka) oli matalampi kuin Kontu härkäpavun, mutta kuitenkin korkeampi kuin hernelajikkeiden vastaavat arvot. Hernelajikkeilla Karitalla (9,6 mg/g ka) ja Huldalla (11,1 mg/g ka) oli toiseksi matalimmat fytiinihappopitoisuudet valkolupiinin jälkeen. Vähän viljellyistä palkokasveista sini- ja valkolupiini ovat mielenkiintoiset valkuaiskasvit Suomen peltoviljelyyn.
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Akhter, Tahmin, S. Kanamaru, and F. Arisaka. "2P043 Protein interactions among neck proteins, gp13/gp14, and the connector protein, gp15, of bacteriophage T4." Seibutsu Butsuri 45, supplement (2005): S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.45.s130_3.
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Vara, Katariina, Seija Jaakkola, Siru Salin, Juhani Taponen, Aila Vanhatalo, Tuomo Kokkonen, and Kari Elo. "Poikimista edeltävän ruokinnan vaikutus lypsylehmien rasvakudoksen energia-aineenvaihduntaan liittyvien geenien toimintaan." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75662.
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Aiemmissa tutkimuksissa poikimista edeltävän ruokinnan korkea energian saanti on yhdistetty lisääntyneeseen metaboliseen stressiin poikimisen jälkeen. Lehmillä stressiä ilmentäviä tekijöitä ovat esimerkiksi lisääntynyt kudosten insuliiniresistenssi, lisääntynyt rasvan kertyminen ja mobilisaatio. Tutkimuksen hypoteesina on että ummessaoloajan energian saanti vaikuttaa insuliiniresistenssiin, lipogeneesiin ja lipolyysiin liittyvien geenien toimintaan. Tutkimukseen valittiin 9 geeniä, jotka liittyvät em. ilmiöihin ja joiden toimintaa tutkittiin ihonalaisesta rasvakudoksesta otetuilla näytteillä. Geenitoiminnan eroja arvioitiin kahden energian saanniltaan eri tavoin ruokitun lehmäryhmän välillä sekä eri näytteenottoaikojen välillä. Ummessaolokaudella kahta kahdeksan ayrshire-lehmän ryhmää ruokittiin joko rajoitetusti tai vapaasti. Lehmät saivat pelkästään säilörehua 6–4 viikkoa ennen odotettua poikimista. Tänä aikana rajoitetusti ruokitut lehmät saivat 100 % (ryhmän keskiarvo 95 MJ/d) ja vapaasti ruokitut käytännössä 150 % (keskiarvo 144 MJ/d) laskennallisesta energiantarpeestaan. Tunnutusruokinnan alkaessa kolme viikkoa ennen odotettua poikimista, vapaasti ruokitun ryhmän energian saantia alettiin rajoittaa siten, että laskennallinen energian saanti aleni vertailuryhmän tasolle ennustettuun poikimapäivään mennessä. Molempien ryhmien ruokintaan sisältyi kolmen viimeisen tiineysviikon aikana väkirehua 30 % rehuannoksen energiasisällöstä. Tunnutusruokinnan aikana ryhmien energian saannin keskiarvot olivat 107 MJ/d rajoitetusti ja 135 MJ/d vapaasti ruokitulla ryhmällä. Poikimisen jälkeen molempien ryhmien ruokinta oli samanlainen. Molemmista ryhmistä jouduttiin poistamaan yksi lehmä ensimmäisellä viikolla poikimisen jälkeen. Ihonalaisesta rasvakudoksesta kerättiin biopsioimalla näytteet kahdeksan päivää ennen sekä yksi ja yhdeksän päivää jälkeen poikimisen. Kudosnäytteistä eristettiin kokonais-RNA, jonka laatu analysoitiin sekä elektroforeettisesti että spektrofotometrisesti. Geenitoiminnan tutkimus tehtiin kvantitatiivisellä PCR:llä. Tutkitut geenit olivat: adiponektiini (ADIPOQ), interleukiini-6 (IL-6), insuliinireseptorisubstraatti (IRS), leptiini (LEP), fosfoenolipyruvaattikarboksikinaasi 1 (PCK1), peroksisomiproliferaattoreilla aktivoituva reseptori gamma (PPARγ), retinolia sitova proteiini 4 (RBP4), resistiini (RES) ja tuumorinekroositekijä-alfa (TNFα). Koko aineistossa lehmien rasvakudoksen geenitoiminnasta löytyi eroja kolmen näytteenottoajankohdan välillä seuraavilla geeneillä: ADIPOQ, LEP, RES, PPARγ, RBP4 ja PCK1 (P<0,05). Selkein ajallinen geenitoiminnan ero havaittiin leptiinigeenissä (P=0,001), jonka toiminta oli poikimisen jälkeen 46 % siitä mitä se oli 8 päivää ennen poikimista. Rajoitetusti ja vapaasti ruokittujen ryhmien välillä oli geenitoiminnassa eroja ennen poikimista. Tilastollisesti merkitsevin ero oli insuliinireseptorisubstraattigeenin toiminnassa (P=0,021). Lisäksi suuntaa antavasti (P<0,10) eroja oli adiponektiini- ja resistiinigeenien toiminnassa. Poikimisen jälkeen (1 ja 9 päivää) kandidaattigeenien toiminnassa tapahtuneita muutoksia analysoitiin yksilöittäin insuliiniresistenssin näkökulmasta. Tällöin geenitoiminnan perusteella kolmella vapaasti ruokitulla lehmällä on suuntaa antavasti (P<0,10) ja yhdellä rajoitetusti ruokitulla lehmällä on tilastollisesti merkitsevästi (P<0,05) insuliiniresistenssin piirteitä.
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Boege, F. "Bence Jones-Proteine. Bence Jones Proteins." LaboratoriumsMedizin 23, no. 9 (January 1999): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labm.1999.23.9.477.
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Jin, Wenzhen, and Syoji T. akada. "1P103 Asymmetry in membrane protein sequence and structure : Glycine outside rule(Membrane proteins,Oral Presentations)." Seibutsu Butsuri 47, supplement (2007): S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.47.s49_2.
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Paape, M., S. Nell, S. von Bargen, and J. W. Kellmann. "Identification and characterization of host proteins interacting with NSm, the Tomato spotted wilt virus movement protein." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): S108—S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10331-pps.
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To search for host proteins involved in systemic spreading of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), the virus-encoded NSm movement protein has been utilized as a bait in yeast two-hybrid interaction trap assays. J-domain chaperones from different host species and a protein denominated At-4/1 from Arabidopsis thaliana showing homologies to myosins and kinesins were identified as NSm-interacting partners. In this communication we illustrate that following TSWV infection, J-domain proteins accumulated in systemically infected leaves of A. thaliana, whereas At-4/1 was constitutively detected in leaves of A. thaliana and Nicotiana rustica.
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Töpfer-Petersen, E., D. Čechová, A. Henschen, M. Steinberger, A. E. Friess, and A. Zucker. "Cell biology of acrosomal proteins: Zellbiologie akrosomaler Proteine." Andrologia 22, S1 (April 27, 2009): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1990.tb02077.x.
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Lee, Bong-Jin. "S2c2-1 Structure and Protein-Protein Interaction of Helicobacter Pylori Proteins(S2-c2: "Structural biology reveals macromolecular interaction",Symposia,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s127_4.
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El Hefnawi, Mahmoud M., Mohamed E. Hasan, Amal Mahmoud, Yehia A. Khidr, Wessam H. El Behaidy, El-sayed A. El-absawy, and Alaa A. Hemeida. "Prediction and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Structure of the p7- Transactivated Protein1 of Hepatitis C Virus." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 19, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526518666171215123214.
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Background:The p7-transactivated protein1 of Hepatitis C virus is a small integral membrane protein of 127 amino acids, which is crucial for assembly and release of infectious virions. Ab initio or comparative modelling, is an essential tool to solve the problem of protein structure prediction and to comprehend the physicochemical fundamental of how proteins fold in nature.Results:Only one domain (1-127) of p7-transactivated protein1 has been predicted using the systematic in silico approach, ThreaDom. I-TASSER was ranked as the best server for full-length 3-D protein structural predictions of p7-transactivated protein1 where the benchmarked scoring system such as C-score, TM-score, RMSD and Z-score are used to obtain quantitative assessments of the I-TASSER models. Scanning protein motif databases, along with secondary and surface accessibility predictions integrated with post translational modification sites (PTMs) prediction revealed functional and protein binding motifs. Three protein binding motifs (two Asp/Glutamnse, CTNNB1- bd_N) with high sequence conservation and two PTMs prediction: Camp_phospho_site and Myristyl site were predicted using BLOCKS and PROSITE scan. These motifs and PTMs were related to the function of p7-transactivated protein1 protein in inducing ion channel/pore and release of infectious virions. Using SCOP, only one hit matched protein sequence at 71-120 was classified as small proteins and FYVE/PHD zinc finger superfamily.Conclusion:Integrating this information about the p7-transactivated protein1 with SCOP and CATH annotations of the templates facilitates the assignment of structure–function/ evolution relationships to the known and the newly determined protein structures.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proteiini"
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Pekkala, N. (Niina). "S100B-proteiini lasten kuumekouristuksissa." University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201412162129.
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S100B-proteiini on gliasoluspesifinen proteiini, jota vapautuu verenkiertoon aivovaurioiden yhteydessä. Kohonneet pitoisuudet korreloivat aivovaurion vaikeusasteen ja lopputuleman kanssa. S100B-proteiini toimii myös merkkiaineena veri—aivoesteen toimintahäiriöille. Lapsilla kohonneet proteiinipitoisuudet on liitetty astrosyyttivaurion markkereiksi jopa lievän aivovamman jälkeen. On mahdollista, että kuumekouristusten yhteydessä seerumin ja likvorin S100B-proteiinipitoisuudet nousevat ollen merkkinä aivoissa käynnissä olevasta patologisesta prosessista ja ennustavat kohtausten uusiutumistodennäköisyyttä. Tässä tutkimuksessa mittasimme seerumin ja likvorin S100B-proteiinipitoisuudet 103 lapselta, jotka olivat sairastaneet ensimmäisen kuumekouristuksensa. 33 lapsipotilasta, joilla oli akuutti kuumeinen infektio ilman kouristuksia, toimivat kontrolleina seerumipitoisuuksien suhteen. Kuumekouristajapotilailla S100B-proteiinipitoisuuksien keskiarvo likvorissa oli 0,21 μg/l ja seerumissa 0,12 μg/l. Kontrollipotilailla vastaava seerumipitoisuuksien keskiarvo oli 0,11 μg/l (ero 0,01 μg/l, 95 %:n luottamusväli -0,02—0.04 μg/l, P = 0,46). Seerumin S100B-proteiinipitoisuus oli riippuvainen potilaiden iästä (r = -0,28, P = 0,008) alle neljävuotiailla lapsilla. Pitoisuus ei kuitenkaan ennustanut kuumekouristuksen vaikeusastetta eikä kohtauksen uusiutumista. Aikaviiveellä kuumekouristuskohtauksen alkamisesta sairaalaan saapumiseen ei ollut korrelaatiota S100B-pitoisuuksiin seerumi- (r = -0,130, P = 0,28) eikä likvorinäytteissä (r = -0,091, P = 0,52). Tutkimustuloksemme tukevat aiempaa käsitystä siitä, että kuumekouristukset ovat vaarattomia kehittyville aivoille.
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Garma, L. D. (Leonardo D. ). "Structural bioinformatics tools for the comparison and classification of protein interactions." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216065.
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Abstract Most proteins carry out their functions through interactions with other molecules. Thus, proteins taking part in similar interactions are likely to carry out related functions. One way to determine whether two proteins do take part in similar interactions is by quantifying the likeness of their structures. This work focuses on the development of methods for the comparison of protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions, as well as their application to structure-based classification schemes. A method based on the MultiMer-align (or MM-align) program was developed and used to compare all known dimeric protein complexes. The results of the comparison demonstrates that the method improves over MM-align in a significant number of cases. The data was employed to classify the complexes, resulting in 1,761 different protein-protein interaction types. Through a statistical model, the number of existing protein-protein interaction types in nature was estimated at around 4,000. The model allowed the establishment of a relationship between the number of quaternary families (sequence-based groups of protein-protein complexes) and quaternary folds (structure-based groups). The interactions between proteins and small organic ligands were studied using sequence-independent methodologies. A new method was introduced to test three similarity metrics. The best of these metrics was subsequently employed, together with five other existing methodologies, to conduct an all-to-all comparison of all the known protein-FAD (Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide) complexes. The results demonstrates that the new methodology captures the best the similarities between complexes in terms of protein-ligand contacts. Based on the all-to-all comparison, the protein-FAD complexes were subsequently separated into 237 groups. In the majority of cases, the classification divided the complexes according to their annotated function. Using a graph-based description of the FAD-binding sites, each group could be further characterized and uniquely described. The study demonstrates that the newly developed methods are superior to the existing ones. The results indicate that both the known protein-protein and the protein-FAD interactions can be classified into a reduced number of types and that in general terms these classifications are consistent with the proteins' functionsTiivistelmä Suurin osa proteiinien toiminnasta tapahtuu vuorovaikutuksessa muiden molekyylien kanssa. Proteiinit, jotka osallistuvat samanlaisiin vuorovaikutuksiin todennäköisesti toimivat samalla tavalla. Kahden proteiinin todennäköisyys esiintyä samanlaisissa vuorovaikutustilanteissa voidaan määrittää tutkimalla niiden rakenteellista samankaltaisuutta. Tämä väitöskirjatyö käsittelee proteiini-proteiini- ja proteiini-ligandi -vuorovaikutusten vertailuun käytettyjen menetelmien kehitystä, ja niiden soveltamista rakenteeseen perustuvissa luokittelujärjestelmissä. Tunnettuja dimeerisiä proteiinikomplekseja tutkittiin uudella MultiMer-align-ohjelmaan (MM-align) perustuvalla menetelmällä. Vertailun tulokset osoittavat, että uusi menetelmä suoriutui MM-alignia paremmin merkittävässä osassa tapauksista. Tuloksia käytettiin myös kompleksien luokitteluun, jonka tuloksena oli 1761 erilaista proteiinien välistä vuorovaikutustyyppiä. Luonnossa esiintyvien proteiinien välisten vuorovaikutusten määrän arvioitiin tilastollisen mallin avulla olevan noin 4000. Tilastollisen mallin avulla saatiin vertailtua sekä sekvenssin (”quaternary families”) sekä rakenteen (”quaternary folds”) mukaan ryhmiteltyjen proteiinikompleksien määriä. Proteiinien ja pienien orgaanisten ligandien välisiä vuorovaikutuksia tutkittiin sekvenssistä riippumattomilla menetelmillä. Uudella menetelmällä testattiin kolmea eri samankaltaisuutta mittaavaa metriikkaa. Näistä parasta käytettiin viiden muun tunnetun menetelmän kanssa vertailemaan kaikkia tunnettuja proteiini-FAD (Flavin-Adenine-Dinucleotide, flaviiniadeniinidinukleotidi) -komplekseja. Proteiini-ligandikontaktien osalta uusi menetelmä kuvasi kompleksien samankaltaisuutta muita menetelmiä paremmin. Vertailun tuloksia hyödyntäen proteiini-FAD-kompleksit luokiteltiin edelleen 237 ryhmään. Suurimmassa osassa tapauksista luokittelujärjestelmä oli onnistunut jakamaan kompleksit ryhmiin niiden toiminnallisuuden mukaisesti. Ryhmät voitiin määritellä yksikäsitteisesti kuvaamalla FAD:n sitoutumispaikka graafisesti. Väitöskirjatyö osoittaa, että siinä kehitetyt menetelmät ovat parempia kuin aikaisemmin käytetyt menetelmät. Tulokset osoittavat, että sekä proteiinien väliset että proteiini-FAD -vuorovaikutukset voidaan luokitella rajattuun määrään vuorovaikutustyyppejä ja yleisesti luokittelu on yhtenevä proteiinien toiminnan suhteen
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Petrov, P. (Petar). "Leukocyte protein Trojan, as a candidate for apoptotic regulatory role." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526210346.
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Abstract Trojan is a novel leukocyte-specific protein cloned from chicken (Gallus gallus) embryonic thymocytes. The molecule is a type I transmembrane protein with an extracellular CCP domain followed by two FN3 domains. Its cytoplasmic tail is predicted to possess a MAPK docking and a PKA phosphorylation site. Trojan displays differential expression on developing thymocyte subpopulations. It is high on CD4 and CD8 double negative, and CD4 or CD8 single positive cells, but diminishes from the surface of selection-undergoing CD4 and CD8 double positive cells. This expression pattern is similar to that of anti-apoptotic molecules such as IL-7Rα and BCL-2. We hypothesised an involvement of Trojan in the regulation of apoptosis, possibly as an anti-apoptotic receptor. Our in vitro studies with a T cell line showed that upon apoptosis induction, Trojan expression rises dramatically on the surface of surviving cells and gradually decreases towards its normal levels as cells recover. When sorted based on their Trojan levels, cells with high expression appear less susceptible to apoptotic induction than those bearing no Trojan on their surface. Cells that overexpress Trojan from a cDNA plasmid show elevated steady state intracellular calcium, suggesting the molecule is able to transmit cytoplasmic signals. In addition, computational analyses pointed towards an involvement of MAPK and a possible regulatory mechanism by PKA. Trojan belongs to a novel gene family that includes two other members in the chicken. One is a receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase named Mystran, and the other – a transmembrane protein with an ITAM, named Thracian. We discovered the family in other avian species and found related genes in reptiles and coalecanth fish. We observed dynamic adaptation of their extracellular regions possibly in concert with ligand-binding, association with other surface molecules or as a response to pathogen challenges. This was coupled to largely unchanged cytoplasmic tails, suggesting a conserved signalling mechanism. The presented study shows that a novel avian leukocyte protein called Trojan possibly has an anti-apoptotic role. It belongs to a gene family that was subjected to evolutionary selection, likely linked to the molecular function of the proteinsTiivistelmä Trojan on uusi kanan (Gallus gallus) alkioiden kateenkorvan kypsyvistä T soluista tunnistettu molekyyli. Se on tyypin I solukalvoproteiini, jolla on solun ulkopuolinen CCP-domeeni ja kaksi FN3-domeenia. Trojanin solun sisäisessä osassa on rakenteen perusteella MAPK:n sitoutumisalue sekä PKA-fosforylaatiopaikka. Trojania ilmennetään T-solujen kehityksen aikana runsaasti CD4 ja CD8 kaksoisnegatiivisissa ja CD4 tai CD8 yksöispositiivisissa soluissa, mutta ilmentyminen on vähäinen valintaa läpikäyvissä CD4 ja CD8 kaksoispositiivisissa soluissa. Tunnetut apoptoosia eli ohjelmoitua solukuolemaa estävät molekyylit, kuten IL-7Rα ja BCL-2, noudattavat samankaltaista ilmentymistä kypsyvien T solujen pinnalla. Hypoteesimme on, että Trojanilla on rooli apoptoosin säätelyssä, mahdollisesti solukuolemaa estävänä reseptorina. In vitro apoptoosikokeet osoittivat, että aluksi Trojanin ilmentyminen lisääntyy huomattavasti soluissa, jotka välttävät apoptoottisen kuoleman, ja normalisoituu sitten muutaman solujakautumisen jälkeen. Trojania vähän ilmentävät solut ovat alttiimpia ohjelmoidulle solukuolemalle, kuin sitä paljon ilmentävät solut. Solujen sisäinen kalsiumtaso on kohonnut soluilla, jotka yliekspressoivat Trojania cDNA plasmidista. Tämä viittaa siihen, että Trojan voi toimia sytoplasman signaalinvälityksessä. Lisäksi tietokoneperusteiset ennusteet viittaavat siihen, että MAPK ja PKA voivat liittyä Trojan-signalointiin. Tutkimuksessa tunnistettiin Trojan-geeniperhe. Perheeseen kuuluu Trojanin lisäksi kaksi muuta geeniä: reseptorityyppinen tyrosiinifosfataasi Mystran ja ITAM-domeenin sisältävä solukalvon proteiini Trachian. Geeniperhe löydettiin muistakin lintulajeista, sekä niitä läheisesti muistuttavat geenit matelijoilta ja varsieväkalalta. Havaitsimme Trojan-perheen proteiineissa dynaamista sopeutumista, joka voi olla seurausta ligandien sitoutumisesta, vuorovaikutuksesta muiden pintaproteiinien kanssa tai vasteesta patogeenihaasteeseen. Proteiinien solunsisäiset alueet olivat sen sijaan suurilta osin muuttumattomia, joten ne voivat toimia solusignaloinnissa. Väitöstutkimuksessa kuvataan uusi valkosolujen proteiini Trojan, joka toiminnallisesti saattaa estää ohjelmoitua solukuolemaa. Trojan kuuluu geeniperheeseen, johon on kohdistunut sen toimintaan liittyvää valintaa
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Löppönen, P. (Pekka). "Preceding medication, inflammation, and hematoma evacuation predict outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage:a population based study." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526211282.
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Abstract Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (pICH) is a severe, suddenly occurring disease involving high mortality and poor functional outcome. In the absence of curative treatment patient management is mainly supportive with the emphasis on preventing hematoma enlargement and complications. Better understanding of the factors predicting outcome are needed to define effective treatments. An unselected population-based registry study of 982 pICH patients admitted to Oulu University Hospital during the years 1993 to 2008 was conducted The study revealed that concomitant use of warfarin and serotonin-modulating antidepressants at the time of pICH increases the case fatality rate compared to patients with warfarin alone. An elevated C-reactive protein value on admission was an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome after pICH. This association was not explained by pre-existing heart disease, diabetes, severity of the bleeding, or infections. Patients undergoing surgical hematoma evacuation were observed to have improved 3-month survival compared to conservatively treated patients. Improved survival was noticed especially in patients with ≤70 years of age with ≥30ml supratentorial ICHs. Hematoma evacuation did not improve functional outcome. Earlier ischemic stroke was found to be an independent predictor of recurrent pICH. Diabetes seemed to increase and treated hypertension decrease the risk for fatal recurrence. Aspirin or serotonin-modulating antidepressants did not seem to increase the risk of recurrenceTiivistelmä Primääri aivoverenvuoto (pICH) on vakava, yhtäkkisesti alkava sairaus, johon liittyy korkea kuolleisuus ja vaikea vammautuminen. Parantavan hoidon puuttuessa on hoito lähinnä elintoimintoja tukevaa vuodon laajenemisen ja komplikaatioiden estämistä. Ennusteeseen vaikuttavien tekijöiden parempi tunteminen on ehto tehokkaiden hoitojen löytämiseksi. Väitöskirjatutkimustani varten kerättiin Oulun yliopistollisen sairaalan alueelta vuosien 1993-2008 aikana 982 aivoverenvuotoon sairastuneen potilaan väestöpohjainen aineisto. Tutkimus osoitti, että varfariinin ja selektiivisen serotoniinin takaisinoton estäjän (SSRI) yhteiskäyttö aivoverenvuodon aikana lisäsi kuolevuutta pelkkään varfariiniin nähden. Alkuvaiheen koholla oleva C-reaktiivinen proteiini oli itsenäinen aivoverenvuodon jälkeistä vammautuneisuutta ennustava tekijä. Yhteys ei selittynyt olemassa olevalla sydänsairaudella, diabeteksella, aivoverenvuodon vaikeudella tai infektioilla. Kirurginen aivoverenvuodon poistoleikkaus paransi kolmen kuukauden ennustetta verrattuna potilaisiin ilman leikkausta. Erityisesti leikkaus auttoi alle 70-vuotiaita potilaita, joilla oli yli 30 millilitran kokoinen pinnallisempi vuoto. Leikkaus ei parantanut fyysistä kuntoutumista. Aiempi sairastettu aivoinfarkti oli itsenäinen aivoverenvuodon uusiutumista ennustava tekijä. Diabetes saattaa lisätä ja hoidossa oleva verenpainetauti laskea riskiä tappavaan uusintavuotoon. Aspiriinin tai SSRI:n käyttö eivät lisänneet uusintavuodon riskiä
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Müller, Lukáš. "Analýza proteomu piva pomocí hmotnostní spektrometrie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216454.
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The aim of presented diploma thesis was to characterize recent knowledge in the field of beer proteomics. The main part of this work was focused on modern instrumental methods of protein analysis, especially on protein identification by mass spectrometry. In experimental part proteins from selected beer samples were isolated, purified and separated by 2-D electrophoresis. The identification was performed by MALDI MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Identified proteins were divided into 6 groups - serpines and protein Z, trypsine/-amylase inhibitors, yeast proteins, LTP protein, hordeins and other proteins. Proteomic analysis provided identification of proteins important for final analytical and sensory characteristics of the beer - for final beer quality and taste
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Liukkonen, T. (Timo). "Low-grade inflammation in depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296475.
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Abstract Depression, anxiety and sleep disorders have been reported to be associated with low level of inflammation, i.e., low-grade inflammation, but mainly in males. The evidence has mainly been based on laboratory or clinical studies with small sample sizes or epidemiological studies with elderly subpopulations. In this study the association of low-grade inflammation with depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances was investigated using the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC 1966). In women, the effect of hormonal factors, menopause and the use of oral contraceptives/hormone replacement therapy on the association between low-grade inflammation and depression was also studied by using the Pieksämäki Study data. In 31-year follow-up of NFBC 1966 (N=6007), the depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed by Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and sleep disorders by 15-D questionnaires, while the marker of low-grade inflammation, plasma concentration of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), was measured. In the Pieksämäki study a representative sample of inhabitants in the town of Pieksämäki were invited to clinical examination. Depressive symptoms were obtained by Beck’s Depression Inventory-21, and hs-CRP was measured (512 women). The results of this study revealed that at epidemiological level, elevated hs CRP levels of ≥1.0 mg/L increased the probability of current depressive symptoms of single depressive episode in the two highest subgroups (i.e., HSCL-25 mean scores ≥1.75 and ≥2.01) 1.4- and 1.7- fold in males, respectively. In addition, anxiety symptoms (HSCL-25 anxiety scale mean score ≥1.75) increased independently the probability of elevated hs-CRP levels (>3.0 mg/L) in males over 2-fold. Risk ratio of 1.3 was found for males with moderate to severe sleep disturbances and elevated hs-CRP levels (≥1.0 mg/L). Regarding females, a positive correlation between elevated hs-CRP levels and depressive symptoms was found only among peri- and postmenopausal women not using exogenous hormones. The results suggest that low-grade inflammation is associated not only with depression but also with anxiety and sleep disturbances in young adult men. In women, hormonal factors may have an effect on the association between low-grade inflammation and depression. Further investigations are called for to confirm these findings and furthermore, to determine the possible role of low-grade inflammation in the pathophysiology of these disordersTiivistelmä Depressio, ahdistuneisuushäiriöt ja unihäiriöt on yhdistetty elimistön matala-asteiseen tulehdustilaan, joskin pääasiallisesti vain miehillä. Tulosten yleistettävyyttä ovat rajoittaneet tutkimusten pienet otoskoot tai painottuminen iäkkäisiin väestöaineistoihin. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin matala-asteisen tulehduksen yhteyttä depressioon, ahdistuneisuuteen ja unihäiriöihin Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966 -aineistossa. Lisäksi Pieksämäki-tutkimuksen aineistossa selvitettiin naisilla menopaussin ja ehkäisyvalmisteiden/vaihdevuosihormonikorvaushoidon vaikutusta depression ja matala-asteisen tulehduksen väliseen yhteyteen. Pohjois-Suomen syntymäkohortti 1966 -tutkimuksen 31-vuotisseurannassa kartoitettiin 6007 henkilöltä masennus- ja ahdistuneisuusoireita Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 -arviointiasteikolla (HSCL-25) ja unihäiriöitä 15-D-kyselyllä. Lisäksi mitattiin matala-asteisen tulehduksen mittarina käytetyn herkän C-reaktiivisen proteiinin (CRP) pitoisuus. Pieksämäki-tutkimuksessa edustava otos Pieksämäen asukkaista kutsuttiin kliiniseen tutkimukseen ja depressiivisiä oireita kartoitettiin Beckin 21-osioisella arviointiasteikolla ja mitattiin herkkä CRP (512 naista). Nuorilla aikuisilla miehillä, joiden herkkä CRP oli kohonnut (≥1.0 mg/l), todettiin 1.7-kertainen masennusoireiden riski, kun katkaisupisteenä käytettiin HSCL-25-kyselyn masennuskeskiarvopistettä ≥2.01. Ahdistuneisuusoireet (HSCL-25-kyselyn ahdistuneisuuskeskiarvopisteet ≥1.75) lisäsivät kohonneen herkän CRP:n riskiä (>3.0 mg/l) yli kaksinkertaiseksi miehillä. Keskivaikeasta tai vaikeasta unihäiriöstä kärsivillä todettiin 1.3-kertainen kohonneen herkän CRP:n (≥1.0 mg/l) riski. Naisilla positiivinen yhteys masennuksen ja kohonneen herkän CRP:n välillä todettiin vain peri- ja postmenopausaalisilla naisilla, jotka eivät käyttäneet hormonikorvaushoitoa tai suun kautta otettavia ehkäisyvalmisteita. Tutkimustulokset viittaavat matala-asteisen tulehduksen liittyvän depressioon, ahdistukseen ja unihäiriöön nuorilla aikuisilla miehillä. Naisilla hormonaaliset seikat mahdollisesti vaikuttavat depression ja matala-asteisen tulehduksen väliseen yhteyteen. Tulevaisuuden tutkimushaasteena on selvittää matala-asteisen inflammaation mahdollinen merkitys depression, ahdistuneisuuden ja unihäiriöiden patofysiologiassa
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Gill, Katrina Louise. "Protein-protein interactions in membrane proteins." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400016.
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Hon, Jiří. "Vyhledávání příbuzných proteinů s modifikovanou funkcí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234914.
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Protein engineering is a young dynamic discipline with great amount of potential practical applications. However, its success is primarily based on perfect knowledge and usage of all existing information about protein function and structure. To achieve that, protein engineering is supported by plenty of bioinformatic tools and analysis. The goal of this project is to create a new tool for protein engineering that would enable researchers to identificate related proteins with modified function in still growing biological databases. The tool is designed as an automated workflow of existing bioinformatic analyses that leads to identification of proteins with the same type of enzymatic function, but with slightly modified properties - primarily in terms of selectivity, reaction speed and stability.
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Smetana, Juliana Helena Costa. "Caracterização das proteinas TIPRL e alfa4, reguladores de fosfatases 2A." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317177.
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Orientador: Nilson Ivo Tonin ZanchinTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T09:08:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Smetana_JulianaHelenaCosta_D.pdf: 8660811 bytes, checksum: cb33e97d4c49fdce1e29094a2f6089cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: As células respondem constantemente a uma enorme variedade de estímulos, que são interpretados e integrados por meio de redes de sinalização, dando origem a uma resposta biológica. Defeitos nesses circuitos são a causa de diversas doenças, incluindo muitos, se não todos os tipos de câncer. As fosfatases, enzimas que removem grupamentos fosfato dos substratos de quinases, dependem principalmente de subunidades regulatórias para definir sua especificidade. As fosfatases do tipo 2A constituem a subfamília PPP, que é formada por PP2A, PP4 e PP6. PP2A é a principal fosfatase solúvel de fosfosserina e fosfotreonina em células animais e é encontrada predominantemente como uma holoenzima formada por uma subunidade catalítica (C), uma subunidade regulatória (B, B', B'' ou B''') e uma de ancoragem (PR65/A). Em levedura, as fosfatases 2A desempenham um importante papel na via da quinase TOR, o que ocorre por meio da proteína essencial Tap42. A proteína Tip41 foi identificada como um parceiro de interação de Tap42 e regulador da via da quinase TOR em levedura. A homóloga de Tap42 em mamíferos, chamada de a4, está envolvida na regulação de diversos processos celulares, como diferenciação, desenvolvimento, migração celular e apoptose, por meio de seu papel conservado de regulador de fosfatases 2A. A homóloga em mamíferos de Tip41, chamada TIPRL, é uma proteína ainda pouco caracterizada. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a função das proteínas a4 e TIPRL humanas e esclarecer seu papel na regulação de fosfatases 2A. A caracterização estrutural de a4 e Tap42, usando dados de SAXS, dicroísmo circular e proteólise limitada, mostrou que essas proteínas apresentam um domínio N-terminal compacto formado por a-hélices e um domínio C-terminal desestruturado. Em uma triagem de interações com a proteína TIPRL humana, identificamos as fosfatases PP2Ac, PP4c e PP6c como seus parceiros de interação, assim como os fatores de transcrição MafB e TAF10. Ao contrário do esperado a partir do modelo de levedura, a4 e TIPRL não interagem diretamente, mas formam um complexo ternário com PP2Ac. Uma triagem de substratos de fosfatases 2A regulador por TIPRL identificou os fatores de splicing SF2/ASF e SF2p32. Nossos resultados sugerem um modelo estrutural para a regulação das fosfatases 2A por a4 e mostram que TIPRL é um novo regulador comum dessas fosfatases com funções na regulação da expressão gênica.
Abstract: Cells respond constantly to a variety of stimuli, which are interpreted and integrated through signaling networks, giving rise to biological responses. Defects in this circuitry are a cause of many diseases, including cancer. Protein phosphatases are enzymes which remove phosphate groups from kinase substrates, relying mainly on regulatory subunits for their substrate specificity. Type 2A phosphatases belong to the PPP subfamily, which is formed by PP2A, PP4 and PP6. PP2A is the major soluble serine/threonine phosphatase in animal cells and is found predominantly as a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic (C), a regulatory (B, B', B'' or B''') and a scaffold (PR65/A) subunit. Type 2A phosphatases play a major role in the yeast TOR signaling pathway through their interaction with the essential protein Tap42. Tip41 was identified as a Tap42 interacting protein and regulator of the TOR pathway. a4, the mammalian orthologue of Tap42, regulates many cellular processes such as differentiation, development, cell migration and apoptosis as a conserved type 2A phosphatase regulator. TIPRL, the mammalian orthologue of Tip41, is still poorly characterized. The objective of the present work was to analyse the function of a4 and TIPRL and improve the understanding of their role as type 2A phosphatase regulators. The structural characterization of a4 using SAXS analyses, circular dichroism and limited proteolysis, showed that these proteins are formed by an a-helical N-terminal domain and an unfolded C-terminal domain. A screen for TIPRL interacting proteins identified PP2Ac, PP4c and PP6c and also the transcription factors MafB and TAF10. Unlike their yeast conterparts, a4 and TIPRL do not interact directly, but rather form a ternary complex with PP2A. A search for type 2A phosphatase substrates regulated by TIPRL identified the splicing factor SF2/ASF and its regulatory protein SF2p32. Our results suggest a structural model for the regulation of type 2A phosphatases by a4 and show that TIPRL is a novel common regulator of these phosphatases which functions in regulation of gene expression.
Doutorado
Genetica Animal e Evolução
Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
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Santaniemi, M. (Merja). "Genetic and epidemiological studies on the role of adiponectin and PTP1B in the metabolic syndrome." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514261855.
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Abstract The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of components predisposing to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance seem to be central in the metabolic syndrome, although no unifying pathophysiological mechanism is available. The aim of this thesis was to determine out how the variation in PTP1B and adiponectin gene as well as variations in the plasma adiponectin concentration contribute to the risk of obesity related diseases. PTP1B is a negative regulator of insulin signalling and therefore considered a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes. In the first study, it was found that three PTP1B polymorphisms studied have not strong impact on type 2 diabetes. However, one SNP may be slightly protective against type 2 diabetes, since it was more frequent in the healthy group compared to group of patients with type 2 diabetes. Another SNP was associated with body mass index (BMI). The combination of certain alleles of PTP1B and LEPR (leptin receptor) genes was also associated to BMI. Adiponectin is an adipocytokine expressed in adipose tissue. It has insulin sensitizing effects in liver and muscle and it has also beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. In the second study, the contribution of adiponectin genotypes with obesity-related phenotypes was studied. In Caucasians, the carriers of rare allele of Tyr111His polymorphism were more insulin resistant and at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In African-Americans, other polymorphisms were associated with BMI and lipids. Thus, the effects of polymorphisms on obesity related phenotypes seemed to be different between ethnic groups. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured from different study groups. In the third study, it was found out that low plasma adiponectin levels associated with different components of the metabolic syndrome and there was a trend towards reductions in adiponectin with an increasing number of components. Fourth study indicated that baseline low adiponectin level associated with a more than 2-fold risk for developing impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes in the follow-up study of normoglycemic middle-aged Finnish subjects. In the fifth study, plasma adiponectin levels were measured from postmenopausal women receiving estrogen replacement therapy. We observed a reduction in adiponectin levels in women having peroral estradiol which could be part of the "early harm" profile on cardiovascular risk factors of the peroral estrogen replacement therapy detected in clinical trials. These studies further strengthen the role of plasma adiponectin in the obesity related diseases and bring new information of polymorphisms in the adiponectin and PTP1B genes in different populationsTiivistelmä Metabolinen oireyhtymä on kertymä tekijöitä, jotka altistavat tyypin 2 diabetekselle ja sydän- ja verisuonitaudeille. Keskivartalolihavuus ja insuliiniresistenssi, eli insuliinin heikentynyt teho, vaikuttavat olevan keskeisiä metabolisessa oireyhtymässä. Kuitenkaan taustalla olevaa syntymekanismia ei täysin tunneta. Väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena oli tutkia PTP1B- ja adiponektiinigeenin muuntelun sekä plasman adiponektiinitason yhteyttä metaboliseen oireyhtymään, sen osatekijöihin ja seurauksiin. PTP1B on insuliinin toimintaa soluissa estävä molekyyli. Ensimmäisessä tutkimuksessa havaittiin että kolme tutkittua PTP1B-geenin nukleotidimuutosta eivät ole vahvasti yhteydessä tyypin 2 diabetekseen. Eräs nukleotidimuutos saattaisi olla lievästi suojaava tyypin 2 diabetesta vastaan, sillä se oli yleisempi terveillä kuin tyypin 2 diabetesta sairastavilla. PTP1B:n ja leptiinireseptorigeenin eräiden alleelien yhdistelmä oli yhteydessä painoindeksiin. Adiponektiini on rasvakudoksen erittämä hormoni, jolla on suotuisia, insuliinin vaikutusta edesauttavia vaikutuksia elimistössä sekä edullisia vaikutuksia verenkiertoelimistössä. Toisessa työssä havaittiin että Amerikan valkoihoisilla, joilla oli eräs harvinainen adiponektiinigeenin alleeli (Tyr111His), oli heikompi insuliinin teho kuin henkilöillä joilla ei ollut kyseistä muutosta. Tämä alleeli oli yleisempi suomalaisilla tyypin 2 diabetesta sairastavilla kuin terveillä, mikä saattaa tarkoittaa että se liittyy suurentuneeseen riskiin tyypin 2 diabetekselle. Afroamerikkalaisilla taas toiset nukleotidimuutokset olivat yhteydessä lihavuuteen ja plasman rasva-arvoihin. Adiponektiinin pitoisuutta plasmassa mitattiin erilaisissa aineistoissa. Kolmannessa tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että matala pitoisuus oli yhteydessä metabolisen oireyhtymän eri osatekijöihin ja pitoisuus oli sitä matalampi, mitä enemmän osatekijöitä henkilöllä on. Neljännessä tutkimuksessa havaittiin että matala plasman adiponektiinipitoisuus oli yhteydessä suurentuneeseen riskiin saada huonontunut glukoosin sietokyky tai tyypin 2 diabetes tulevaisuudessa. Viidennessä tutkimuksessa adiponektiinitaso määritettiin naisilta jotka olivat ohittaneet vaihdevuodet ja saivat estrogeenikorvaushoitoa. Havaittiin että plasman adiponektiinitaso laski niillä naisilla, jotka saivat korvaushoitoa suun kautta. Tämä saattaisi osittain selittää suun kautta annettavan estrogeenikorvaushoidon epäedullista vaikutusta sydän ja -verisuonitautien riskitekijöihin. Tutkimus vahvistaa edelleen adiponektiinin merkitystä lihavuuteen liittyvissä sairauksissa ja tuo uutta tietoa adiponektiini- ja PTP1B-geenien muuntelun merkityksestä eri väestöissä
Books on the topic "Proteiini"
1
Robson, Barry. Introductionto proteins and protein engineering. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.
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Rotheim, Philip. Bioengineered protein drugs: Antibodies, blood proteins. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1995.
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Robson, Barry. Introduction to proteins and protein engineering. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.
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Jean, Garnier, ed. Introduction to proteins and protein engineering. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.
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Jean, Garnier, ed. Introduction to proteins and protein engineering. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.
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1929-1999, Ptit͡s︡yn O. B., ed. Protein physics: A course of lectures. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2002.
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Hamaguchi, Kōzō. The protein molecule: Conformation, stability, and folding. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press, 1992.
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Sherwood, Dennis. Crystals, X-rays, and proteins: Comprehensive protein crystallography. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Fluorescent Proteins II: Application of Fluorescent Protein Technology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Proteiini"
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Barth, Marie, and Carla Schmidt. "Quantitative Cross-Linking of Proteins and Protein." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 385–400. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1024-4_26.
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AbstractCross-linking, in general, involves the covalent linkage of two amino acid residues of proteins or protein complexes in close proximity. Mass spectrometry and computational analysis are then applied to identify the formed linkage and deduce structural information such as distance restraints. Quantitative cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry is well suited to study protein dynamics and conformations of protein complexes. The quantitative cross-linking workflow described here is based on the application of isotope labelled cross-linkers. Proteins or protein complexes present in different structural states are differentially cross-linked using a “light” and a “heavy” cross-linker. The intensity ratios of cross-links (i.e., light/heavy or heavy/light) indicate structural changes or interactions that are maintained in the different states. These structural insights lead to a better understanding of the function of the proteins or protein complexes investigated. The described workflow is applicable to a wide range of research questions including, for instance, protein dynamics or structural changes upon ligand binding.
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Micsonai, András, Éva Bulyáki, and József Kardos. "BeStSel: From Secondary Structure Analysis to Protein Fold Prediction by Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 175–89. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0892-0_11.
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Abstract Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a classical method for the study of the secondary structure of polypeptides in solution. It has been the general view that the α-helix content can be estimated accurately from the CD spectra. However, the technique was less reliable to estimate the β-sheet contents as a consequence of the structural variety of the β-sheets, which is reflected in a large spectral diversity of the CD spectra of proteins containing this secondary structure component. By taking into account the parallel or antiparallel orientation and the twist of the β-sheets, the Beta Structure Selection (BeStSel) method provides an improved β-structure determination and its performance is more accurate for any of the secondary structure types compared to previous CD spectrum analysis algorithms. Moreover, BeStSel provides extra information on the orientation and twist of the β-sheets which is sufficient for the prediction of the protein fold. The advantage of CD spectroscopy is that it is a fast and inexpensive technique with easy data processing which can be used in a wide protein concentration range and under various buffer conditions. It is especially useful when the atomic resolution structure is not available, such as the case of protein aggregates, membrane proteins or natively disordered chains, for studying conformational transitions, testing the effect of the environmental conditions on the protein structure, for verifying the correct fold of recombinant proteins in every scientific fields working on proteins from basic protein science to biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. Here, we provide a brief step-by-step guide to record the CD spectra of proteins and their analysis with the BeStSel method.
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Kurochkina, Natalya. "Proteins and Protein Structure." In Protein Structure and Modeling, 1–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6601-7_1.
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Vogel, Patric U. B. "Rekombinante Proteine (Protein-Untereinheiten)." In essentials, 31–33. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31340-1_7.
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Warkentin, Peter H., Ingemar Lundström, and Pentti Tengvall. "Protein—Protein Interactions Affecting Proteins at Surfaces." In ACS Symposium Series, 163–80. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0602.ch012.
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Willy, Hugo. "Discovering Interaction Motifs from Protein Interaction Networks." In Biological Data Mining in Protein Interaction Networks, 99–116. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-398-2.ch007.
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Recent breakthroughs in high throughput experiments to determine protein-protein interaction have generated a vast amount of protein interaction data. However, most of the experiments could only answer the question of whether two proteins interact but not the question on the mechanisms by which proteins interact. Such understanding is crucial for understanding the protein interaction of an organism as a whole (the interactome) and even predicting novel protein interactions. Protein interaction usually occurs at some specific sites on the proteins and, given their importance, they are usually well conserved throughout the evolution of the proteins of the same family. Based on this observation, a number of works on finding protein patterns/motifs conserved in interacting proteins have emerged in the last few years. Such motifs are collectively termed as the interaction motifs. This chapter provides a review on the different approaches on finding interaction motifs with a discussion on their implications, potentials and possible areas of improvements in the future.
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Duvnjak, Marija, Kristina Kljak, and Darko Grbeša. "Nitrogen Storage in Crops: Case Study of Zeins in Maize." In Nitrogen in Agriculture - Physiological, Agricultural and Ecological Aspects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95380.
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Crop grains accumulate significant amounts of nitrogen in the form of storage proteins. Grain storage proteins are not only important in the aspects of germination but also, storage proteins are a valuable food source in human and animal nutrition. This chapter will give insight into genotype and growing conditions influencing the quantity and quality of storage proteins, primarily maize storage proteins the leading cereal by world production. Main storage proteins in cereals are prolamins, and in maize prolamins are called zeins located within the endosperm in protein agglomerations called protein bodies. Four main classes of zein proteins are: alpha, beta, gamma and delta zein. Each of four zein classes has a distinctive position and role within protein bodies. Prolamin proteins define nutritional value of maize grain not only via amino acid quality but also via starch availability. Starch, the most important energy component of maize grain, is located within starch-protein matrix. Within this matrix, starch granules are surrounded by protein bodies that limit starch availability. In this chapter, we will describe how zein proteins influence characteristics of maize grain and nutritional value of maize.
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Ingale, Suvarna P., Rupali Patil, and Aman B. Upaganlawar. "Cysteine in Alzheimer's Disease." In Quality Control of Cellular Protein in Neurodegenerative Disorders, 326–53. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1317-0.ch013.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by selective loss of neurons in the hippocampus and neocortex due to abnormalities in proteins, mainly Aβ peptide and tau protein, in the form of abnormal protein aggregations or depositions in neurons. Recently oxidative/nitrosative stress has been identified as an important facilitator of neurodegeneration in AD. Cysteine-dependent proteins are known to be associated with the neurodegenerative process. Such cysteine-dependent enzyme proteins are proteases, antioxidant enzymes, kinases, phosphatases, and also non-enzymatic proteins such that utilize cysteine as a structural part of the catalytic site. This chapter deals with the role of cysteine in handling reactive oxygen/nitrogen species during oxidative/nitrosative stress and posttranslational modification of proteins causing protein misfolding or protein aggregation during neurodegeneration associated with AD.
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Ali, Anwar, Quratul Ain, Ayesha Saeed, Waseem Khalid, Munir Ahmed, and Ahmed Bostani. "Bio-Molecular Characteristics of Whey Proteins with Relation to Inflammation." In Whey Proteins - Uses and Biological Roles [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99220.
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Whey proteins in bovine milk are a mixture of globular proteins manufactured from whey which is a byproduct of cheese industry. Whey protein is categorized to contain plethora of healthy components due to wide range of pH, promising nutritional profile with cost effective and diverse functionality. Reportedly there are three categories of whey protein, whey protein concentrate (WPC) (29–89%); whey protein isolate (WPI) 90% and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the basis of proteins present in them. Whey proteins is composed of β-lactoglobulin (45–57%), immunoglobulins (10–15%) α-lactalbumin (15–25%), glicomacropeptide (10–15%), lactoperoxidase (<1%) and lactoferrin nearly (1%). Whey protein plays an important role and is validated to confer anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory roles related to all metabolic syndromes. According to molecular point of view whey proteins decrease inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-10 and TNF- α); inhibits ACE and NF-κB expression; promotes Fas signaling and caspase-3 expression; elevates GLP-1, PYY, CCK, G1P and leptin; chelate and binds Fe+3, Mn+3 and Zn+2. In this chapter we will discuss significant biological role of whey proteins related to inflammatory health issues.
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Lorch, Mark. "3. Proteins." In Biochemistry: A Very Short Introduction, 34–51. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198833871.003.0003.
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This chapter examines proteins, the dominant proportion of cellular machinery, and the relationship between protein structure and function. The multitude of biological processes needed to keep cells functioning are managed in the organism or cell by a massive cohort of proteins, together known as the proteome. The twenty amino acids that make up the bulk of proteins produce the vast array of protein structures. However, amino acids alone do not provide quite enough chemical variety to complete all of the biochemical activity of a cell, so the chapter also explores post-translation modifications. It finishes by looking as some dynamic aspects of proteins, including enzyme kinetics and the protein folding problem.
Conference papers on the topic "Proteiini"
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Church, W., T. Messier, P. Howard, J. Amiral, D. Meyer, and K. Mam. "A SHARED EPITOPE ON HUMAN PROTEIN C, FACTOR X, FACTOR VII, AND PROTTOBIN DEFINED BY A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643937.
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A monoclonal antibody prepared against hunan protein C (HPC) was found to react with several other vitamin K-dependent blood proteins. Using a competitive inhibition solid-phase radioinminoassay with HPC, binding of 125I-HPC to the antibody was inhibited by purified prothrombin, Factor X, and Factor VII in addition to protein C. Other vitamin K-dependent proteins including Factor IX, protein S, and bone-GLA protein did not compete for binding of 125I-HPC to the antibody. The effect of calciun ion on the binding of antibody to 125I-HPC was examined in a solid-phase imnunoassay system with the antibody bound to rabbit anti-mouse inminoglobulin adsorbed to microtiter plates. In the presence of 5 mM calciun ion, radiolabeled protein C did not bind to the antibody; radiolabeled protein C did bind, however, in the presence of 5 nM EDTA suggesting that the epitope is expressed only after removal of calciun ion. The antibody bound to prothrombin and to decarboxylated prothrombin after adsorption of the antigens onto nitrocellulose indicating that the presence of GLA was not required for antibody binding. Iimunoblotting of proteins which were reduced, the peptides separated by SDS-PAGE, and transferred to nitrocellulose showed that the antibody reacts with a determinant found on the light chains of protein C and Factor X and with prothrombin Fragment 1. Comparison of the protein sequences of protein C light chain, Factor X light chain, Factor VII, and prothrombin Fragment 1 identified a segment of amino acid sequence that is highly conserved in all four proteins and might contain the antigenic site. The monoclonal antibody thus defines an antigenic determinant which is masked by calcium ion and is found on the surface of several related, yet different coagulation proteins. This antibody should prove useful in understanding the evolutionary relationships amongst the vitamin K-dependent proteins and also in understanding the effect of calcium ion on the structure of protein C, Factor X, prothrombin, Factor VII and possibly other related proteins. (Supported by NIH grant MHLBI HL35058)
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Wang, Jianxin, Wei Peng, Yingjiao Chen, Yu Lu, and Yi Pan. "Identifying essential proteins based on protein domains in protein-protein interaction networks." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2013.6732476.
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Tseng, Fan-Gang. "From High Performance Protein Micro Chip Toward Ultra High Sensitive Single Molecule Nano Array." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82291.
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Protein microarrays have been employed to screen tens to thousands of proteins simultaneously for the observation of the biochemical activities in the protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid and small molecule interactions. This technology allows high throughput analysis and holds great potential for basic molecular biology research, disease marker identification, toxicological response profiling and pharmaceutical target screening. However, proteins easily malfunction in harsh environments so that they are hardly preserved before the application because of their complex and fragile structures. On the other hand, identify scarce amount of proteins less than fM range is very important and challenge for disease diagnosis at very early stage. As a result, the procedures for protein micro array formation are very important for preserving protein functionality to ensure useful protein assays, as well as the improvement of the detection sensitivity up to single molecule event but with high dynamic range for disease early detection. Therefore, this paper provides a novel view from the preparation of high efficient protein micro chip toward ultra high sensitive single protein nano array through the technology integration of BioMEMS and Bio-Nanotechnology.
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Varela, D., R. O’Hara, and A. C. Neves. "BY-PRODUCTS OF THE WHELK PROCESSING INDUSTRY AS VALUABLE SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANT PEPTIDES." In World Conference on Waste Management. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/26510251.2021.1103.
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The fish and shellfish industry processes 851,984 tonnes of fish per year worldwide. However, only 43% of that is consumed, and valuable proteins are processed as waste. Protein hydrolysates are widely used in food technology for their nutritional and functional properties. The goal of this project is to extract protein from whelk by-products derived from the shellfish processing industry and create protein hydrolysates that have marketable value. The by-products were divided into two types: raw (R) and cooked byproduct (C). The proteins were extracted using the pH shift method and quantified using the Bradford assay. It was possible to extract a maximum of 455 mg/g at a neutral pH, for which R had the highest protein yield. Proteins were also qualified using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) that showed that R has more hydrophilic proteins while the C extracted protein showed more peaks in the hydrophobic phase. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of glutamine, tyrosine, and serine in the extracted proteins. Extracted proteins were then hydrolyzed using Alcalase and α-Chymotrypsin. It was possible to obtain higher degrees of hydrolysis (DH) using Alcalase. The hydrolysates were tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical antioxidant assay. Alcalase hydrolysates showed to have overall lower IC50 for stabilization of the DPPH radical than α-Chymotrypsin, the lowest one being 13.92±1.57 µg/mL for the Alcalase hydrolyzed neutral proteins. The IC50 results obtained are significantly lower than the ones described in other studies using the same enzymes or other marine species. This can indicate that more heterogenous mixtures of by-product can originate extracted proteins that when hydrolyzed lead to higher radical scavenging activity, thus making shellfish industry by-product a sustainable and valuable source of antioxidant peptides. Keywords: Shellfish; Bioactive peptides; Protein extraction; Protein hydrolysates, Waste management, Nutraceuticals
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Cotton, Therese M., Bernard Rospendowski, Vicki Schlegel, Robert A. Uphaus, Danli L. Wang, Lars Eng, and Marion T. Stankovich. "Spectroscopy of proteins on surfaces: implications for protein orientation and protein-protein interactions." In Moscow - DL tentative, edited by Sergei A. Akhmanov and Marina Y. Poroshina. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.57297.
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Lapetina, Eduardo G., Bryan R. Reep, and Luis Molina Y. Vedia. "NOVEL GTP-BINDING PROTEINS OF CYTOSOLIC AND MEMBRANE FRACTIONS OF HUMAN PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644629.
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We have assessed the binding of (α-32P)GTP to platelet proteins from cytosolic and membrane fractions. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose. Incubation of the nitrocellulose blots with (α-32p)GTP indicated the presence of specific and distinct GTP-binding proteins in cytosol and membranes. Binding was prevented by 10-100 nM GTP or GTPyS and by 100 nM GDP; binding was unaffected by 1 nM-1 μM ATP. One main GTP-binding protein (29.5 KDa) was detected in the membrane fraction while three others (29, 27, and 21 KDa) were detected in the soluble fraction. Two cytosolic GTP-binding proteins (29 and 27 KDa) were degraded by trypsin; another cytosolic protein (21 KDa) and the membrane-bound protein (29.5 KDa) were resistant to the action of trypsin. Treatment of intact platelets with trypsin or thrombin, followed by lysis and fractionation, did not affect the binding of (α-32P)GTP to the membrane-bound protein. GTPyS still stimulates phospholipase C in permeabilized platelets already preincubated with trypsin. This suggests that trypsin-resistant GTP-binding proteins might regulate phospholipase C stimulated by GTPyS. We have started to purify the membrane-bound, trypsin-resistant, GTP-binding protein. Purification includes 1 M NaCl extraction and the use of an FPLC system with successive phenyl superose and superose 12 columns.
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Truskett, Thomas M. "How Concentration and Crowding Impact Protein Stability: Insights From a Coarse-Grained Model." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192239.
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Much of the current understanding of the protein folding problem derives from studies of proteins in dilute solutions. However, in many systems of scientific and engineering interest, proteins must fold in concentrated, heterogeneous environments. Cells are crowded with many molecular species, and chaperones often sequester proteins and promote rapid folding. Proteins are also present in high concentrations in the manufacture, storage, and delivery of biotherapeutics. How does crowding generally affect the stability of the native state? Are all crowding agents created equal? If not, can generic structural or chemical features forecast their effects on protein stability?
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Berkner, K. L., S. J. Busby, J. Gambee, and A. Kumar. "EXPRESSION IN MAMMALIAN CELLS OF FUSION PROTEINS BETWEEN HUMAN FACTORS IX AND VII." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643568.
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The vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins demonstrate remarkable similarities in their structures: all have multiple domains in common and extensive homology is observed within many of these domains. In order to investigate the structure-function relationship of these proteins, we have interchanged domains of one protein (factor IX) with that of another (factor VII) and have compared the expression of these fusion proteins with recombinant and native factors IX and VII. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to generate four fusion proteins: factor IX/VII-1, which contains the factor IX leader and gla domain fused to the growth factor and serine protease of factor VII; factor VII/IX-1, a reciprocal fusion protein of factor IX/VII-1; factor IX/VII-2, which contains the factor IX leader adjoined to the mature factor VII protein sequence; and factor VII/IX-2, the reciprocal fusion protein of factor IX/VII-2. The cDNAs encoding all four proteins were cloned into mammalian expression vectors, and to date three of these (factors IX/VII-1, 2 and VII/IX-1) have been transfected into baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells or 293 cells and characterized. Factors IX/VII-1 and VII/IX-1 were both secreted at levels comparable to recombinant factors IX and VII. The factor IX/VII-1 was identical in molecular weight to native or recombinant factor VII (i.e., 53 K). Factor VII/IX-1 was expressed as two proteins with molecular weights around 68 kd, as observed with recombinant factor IX. The factor IX/VII-1 protein has been purified to homogeneity and has been found to possess factor VII biological activity, but at a specific activity approximately 20% that of plasma factor VII. Thus, the gla domain of one clotting factor is capable of directing the activation of another and of generating biologically active protein. In contrast, no activity was observed with the factor IX/VII-2 fusion protein, indicating that there are limits to the interchanges which can generate functional blood clotting factors.
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Bakar, Sakhinah Abu, Javid Taheri, and Albert Y. Zomaya. "Identifying Hub Proteins and Their Essentiality from Protein-protein Interaction Network." In Bioengineering (BIBE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibe.2011.67.
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Shahbazi, Zahra, Horea T. Ilies¸, and Kazem Kazerounian. "Protein Molecules as Natural Nano Bio Devices: Mobility Analysis." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13021.
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Proteins are nature’s nano-robots in the form of functional molecular components of living cells. The function of these natural nano-robots often requires conformational transitions between two or more native conformations that are made possible by the intrinsic mobility of the proteins. Understanding these transitions is essential to the understanding of how proteins function, as well as to the ability to design and manipulate protein-based nano-mechanical systems [1]. Modeling protein molecules as kinematic chains provides the foundation for developing powerful approaches to the design, manipulation and fabrication of peptide based molecules and devices. Nevertheless, these models possess a high number of degrees of freedom (DOF) with considerable computational implications. On the other hand, real protein molecules appear to exhibits a much lower mobility during the folding process than what is suggested by existing kinematic models. The key contributor to the lower mobility of real proteins is the formation of Hydrogen bonds during the folding process.
Reports on the topic "Proteiini"
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Martin, Shawn Bryan, Kenneth L. Sale, Jean-Loup Michel Faulon, and Diana C. Roe. Developing algorithms for predicting protein-protein interactions of homology modeled proteins. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883467.
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Arnett, Clint, Justin Lange, Ashley Boyd, Martin Page, and Donald Cropek. Expression and secretion of active Moringa oleifera coagulant protein in Bacillus subtilis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41546.
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Cationic polypeptide proteins found in the seeds of the tropical plant Moringa oleifera have coagulation efficiencies similar to aluminum and ferric sulfates without their recalcitrant nature. Although these proteins possess great potential to augment or replace traditional coagulants in water treatment, harvesting active protein from seeds is laborious and not cost-effective. Here, we describe an alternative method to express and secrete active M. oleifera coagulant protein (MO) in Bacillus subtilis. A plasmid library containing the MO gene and 173 different types of secretory signal peptides was created and cloned into B. subtilis strain RIK1285. Fourteen of 440 clones screened were capable of secreting MO with yields ranging from 55 to 122 mg/L of growth medium. The coagulant activity of the highest MO secreting clone was evaluated when grown on Luria broth, and cell-free medium from the culture was shown to reduce turbidity in a buffered kaolin suspension by approximately 90% compared with controls without the MO gene. The clone was also capable of secreting active MO when grown on a defined synthetic wastewater supplemented with 0.5% tryptone. Cell-free medium from the strain harboring the MO gene demonstrated more than a 2-fold reduction in turbidity compared with controls. Additionally, no significant amount of MO was observed without the addition of the synthetic wastewater, suggesting that it served as a source of nutrients for the effective expression and translocation of MO into the medium.
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Chen, Junjie, and Anindya Dutta. Cellular Proteins Interacting with the Tumor Suppressor Protein p53. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada333509.
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Chen, Junjie. Cellular Proteins Interacting with the Tumor Suppressor Protein p53. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada305736.
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Chen, Junjie. Cellular Proteins Interacting with the Tumor Suppressor Protein p53. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada316821.
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Yazdidoust, Ladan. Defining Protein Interactions: Ankle Link Proteins of Stereocilia in Hair Cells. Portland State University Library, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.276.
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Stevens, F. J., M. Schiffer, and A. Solomon. Bence Jones proteins: Powerful tool for fundamental study of protein chemistry and pathophysiology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10185739.
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Edgell, Marshall H. A New Generic Method for the Production of Protein-Based Inhibitors of Proteins Involved in Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada337506.
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Edgell, Marshall H. A New Generic Method for the Production of Protein-Based Inhibitors of Proteins Involved in Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada376643.
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Rudolph, Michael C. Functional Characteristics of Tumor-Associated Protein Spot14 and Interacting Proteins in Mouse Mammary Epithelial and Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535489.
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