Journal articles: 'Protein bait insecticide'

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Yee, Wee L. "Evaluation of Cyantraniliprole, Spinetoram, and Chromobacterium subtsugae Extract in Bait for Killing and Reducing Oviposition of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 3 (April 4, 2020): 1356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa056.

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Abstract Insecticides mixed in sugar-protein baits or insecticides alone have been used to control tephritid fruit flies for many years. Here, effects of cyantraniliprole, spinetoram, and the biopesticide Chromobacterium subtsugae extract in sucrose-yeast extract bait or alone on kill and oviposition of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), were evaluated in the laboratory. Flies were exposed to dry insecticide bait or insecticide alone in the presence or absence of a nontoxic food strip. Spinetoram alone caused greater mortality than cyantraniliprole alone, while cyantraniliprole in bait caused mortality as high as spinetoram bait and greater mortality than cyantraniliprole alone. Chromobacterium subtsugae extract alone but not in bait caused significant mortality compared with controls, but was much less effective than cyantraniliprole and spinetoram. Spinetoram alone reduced oviposition more than cyantraniliprole alone. However, cyantraniliprole bait reduced oviposition as much or more than spinetoram alone or spinetoram bait. Cyantraniliprole and spinetoram baits caused greater mortality when a nontoxic food strip was absent than present, but there was no corresponding reduction in oviposition. Chromobacterium subtsugae extract did not significantly reduce oviposition compared with controls. Potential benefits of using cyantraniliprole baits as an additional or alternative method to using more toxic spinosyn insecticides for controlling R. indifferens warrant study.

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Prokopy, Ronald J., Sylvia S. Cooley, Luis Galarza, Christopher Bergweiler, and Carol R. Lauzon. "BIRD DROPPINGS COMPETE WITH BAIT SPRAYS FOR RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (WALSH) FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 125, no. 3 (June 1993): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125413-3.

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AbstractPublished studies have shown inconsistent effects of proteinaceous bait sprays against apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). Explanations of inconsistency could involve the presence of natural food such as bird droppings competing with bait sprays for attraction of flies. Under field, semi-field, or laboratory conditions, we found that: (1) aqueous solutions of 10% proteinaceous bait (Nulure) were significantly more attractive than water to protein-denied but not to protein-provided apple maggot flies; (2) addition of 2% toxicant (malathion 50 EC) did not affect attractiveness of Nulure droplets but did significantly deter feeding by arriving protein-provided flies (though not protein-denied flies); (3) droppings collected from barn swallows, chickens, and unidentified birds on apple trees were significantly more attractive than solutions or droplets of Nulure to protein-denied flies; (4) droppings that were freshly deposited or fresh from cold storage were significantly less attractive than droppings held under ambient conditions for 1 or 2 days; (5) droppings allowed to dry for 1 day at 25 °C, 60% RH were no less attractive than droppings that received water to simulate dew or rainfall; and (6) droppings treated with antibiotics were significantly less attractive than droppings not treated with antibiotics, indicating that bacteria may be involved in generating attractive volatiles. Together, these findings suggest that in situations where natural sources of protein such as bird droppings or insect honeydew are abundant, apple maggot flies may be relatively unaffected by addition of proteinaceous bait to insecticide sprays.

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Linton, S. M., L. Barrow, C. Davies, and L. Harman. "042. THE EFFECT OF THE INSECTICIDE PYRIPROXYFEN ON OVARY SYNTHESIS IN THE CHRISTMAS ISLAND RED CRAB, GECARCOIDEA NATALIS; A POSSIBLE CASE OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION?" Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs042.

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The yellow crazy ant, Anopholepis gracilipes is an invasive species on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean whose population needs to be controlled before there is irrevocable environmental damage. The insecticide, pyriproxyfen, a compound which mimics juvenile hormone of insects, has been proposed to do this. Before it can be used in the field, its effects on non target species such as the endemic red crab, Gecarcoidea natalis, need to be investigated. Land crabs, like all decapods, may utilise a similar hormone called methyl farnesoate which is thought to be involved in controlling early ovary development. Pyriproxyfen may also mimic methyl farnesoate and thus disrupt this process. The effect of pyriproxyfen on early ovary synthesis in G. natalis was investigated by feeding crabs a mixture of leaf litter and bait containing 0.5% pyriproxyfen (experimental groups) or a mixture of leaf litter and bait containing no pyriproxyfen (control groups) at simulated baiting doses (2 kg ha–1 and 4 kg ha–1). Two additional groups of crabs were fed ad libitum, either bait containing 0.5% pyriproxyfen or the control bait. Experiments were conducted from July to September of 2007. Red crabs synthesise their ovaries annually over two months (July to September) in the dry season. This situation of high nitrogen demand is funded from small excesses of nitrogen assimilated from a mainly leaf litter diet. Pyriproxyfen affected early ovary development. Ovaries from crabs in the experimental groups at all baiting levels had a higher total nitrogen content and dry mass than that of the control animals. The ovaries from the experimental animals were also more mature; they contained more previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes, of a larger diameter, than ovaries of the control animals. Significant amounts of pyriproxyfen were accumulated in the target tissues, the midgut gland and ovary. Minor amounts of pyriproxyfen were accumulated in muscle, a non-target tissue. By mimicking methyl farnesoate, pyriproxyfen may have caused endocrine disruption in G. natalis. In particular it may have stimulated early ovary development and synthesis of yolk protein.

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Kiran Mahat and Richard A.I. Drew. "EVALUATION OF PROTEIN BAIT LACED WITH VARIOUS INSECTICIDES ON THE QUEENSLAND FRUIT FLY (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE): ATTRACTION, FEEDING, MORTALITY AND BAIT PERSISTENCE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1065 (January 2015): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1065.130.

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Curkovic, Tomislav, Denisse Santibáñez, Jaime E. Araya, and Américo Contreras. "ATTRACTION OF Vespula germánica WORKERS TO PROTEIN BAITS MIXED WITH INSECTICIDES." Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences, ahead (2018): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0719-38902018005000503.

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Barry, James D., and Sridhar Polavarapu. "Feeding and Survivorship of Blueberry Maggot Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Protein Baits Incorporated with Insecticides." Florida Entomologist 88, no. 3 (September 2005): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/0015-4040(2005)088[0268:fasobm]2.0.co;2.

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Singh, Gatikrushna, Bindiya Sachdev, Nathilal Sharma, Rakesh Seth, and Raj K. Bhatnagar. "Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein with Ribosomal S2 Protein Triggers Larvicidal Activity in Spodoptera frugiperda." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 21 (September 10, 2010): 7202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01552-10.

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ABSTRACT Vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip3A) is synthesized as an extracellular insecticidal toxin by certain strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. Vip3A is active against several lepidopteran pests of crops. Polyphagous pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, and its cell line Sf21 are sensitive for lyses to Vip3A. Screening of cDNA library prepared from Sf21 cells through yeast two-hybrid system with Vip3A as bait identified ribosomal protein S2 as a toxicity-mediating interacting partner protein. The Vip3A-ribosomal-S2 protein interaction was validated by in vitro pulldown assays and by RNA interference-induced knockdown experiments. Knockdown of expression of S2 protein in Sf21 cells resulted in reduced toxicity of the Vip3A protein. These observations were further extended to adult fifth-instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. Knockdown of S2 expression by injecting corresponding double-stranded RNA resulted in reduced mortality of larvae to Vip3A toxin. Intracellular visualization of S2 protein and Vip3A through confocal microscopy revealed their interaction and localization in cytoplasm and surface of Sf21 cells.

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Farah, Simón, Matheus Rakes, Diego Portalanza, Dori E. Nava, Angelica Durigon, Anderson D. Grützmacher, Nivia Dias-Pini, and Mariuxi Goméz-Torres. "Effects of toxic baits and food-based attractants for fruit flies on the parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000580.

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AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of toxic baits and attractants for fruit flies on the biology of its parasitoid Fopius arisanus. We tested two food-based attractants; hydrolysed corn protein (Biofruit® 3%) and sugarcane molasses (7%), their mixtures with spinosad and malathion-based insecticides, and a ready-to-use commercial bait (Success 0.02 CB®). Malathion-based lures were used as references for mortality (i.e., positive control), while negative control was honey. The formulations Biofruit® + malathion (T1), molasses + malathion (T2), and spinosad + molasses (T3) were toxic to F. arisanus, being classified as harmful (class 4). In addition, toxic baits composed of Biofruit + spinosad (T4) reduced parasitism by 97.99%, being rated as moderately harmful (class 3). Yet, Success 0.02 CB® (T7) was considered slightly toxic (class 2), causing a 64.55% reduction in parasitism. Regarding the biological parameters of F. arisanus, offspring number and parasitoid longevity were significantly reduced by using hydrolysed protein attractants when compared to the control (honey). However, sugarcane molasses improved parasitoid reproduction and longevity, as did the honey. Lastly, ingestion tests showed the major role of attractants in toxic-bait formulations against F. arisanus.

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Rizzo, Roberto, Gabriella Lo Verde, Milko Sinacori, Filippo Maggi, Loredana Cappellacci, Riccardo Petrelli, Sauro Vittori, Mohammad Reza Morshedloo, N’ Guessan Bra Yvette Fofie, and Giovanni Benelli. "Developing green insecticides to manage olive fruit flies? Ingestion toxicity of four essential oils in protein baits on Bactrocera oleae." Industrial Crops and Products 143 (January 2020): 111884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111884.

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Gautam, Elina, Arvind Srivastava, Lalan Kumar Singh, Shanta Karki, Debraj Adhikari, Umesh Acharya, and Resham Bahadur Thapa. "Survey and Monitoring of Chinese Citrus Fly (Bactrocera minax Enderlein) in Sweet Orange Orchards of Sindhuli, Nepal." Nepalese Horticulture 14, no. 1 (August 26, 2020): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nh.v14i1.30161.

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Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is one of the most important pests of citrus. The pest is more problematic in the eastern part of the country, Nepal. Because of the difficulties associated with the control of this pest by chemical insecticides, farmers had experienced great losses in Sweet Orange. Therefore, a participatory field survey was conducted under farmer field conditions to assess losses and measure the efficacy of different local and recommended management options to address the problem of this pest. Study consisted of two major parts: monitoring of pest population and farmer’s survey. For monitoring three orchards were selected located at different altitude i.e. 1200 masl, 1300 masl and 1400 masl. Great Fruit fly Bait (25% protein hydrolysate and 0.1% abamectin) in McPhail traps were used for monitoring. Monitoring was done in every 7 days interval and lures were changed in every 15 days for the effectiveness. Only 18.3% farmers were using protein bait for the management of fruit fly. B. minax had peak population intensity at May and was found decreasing after June so the management practices should be adopted before June to prevent the loss by fruit fly. However, for best effective control attention for monitoring and management procedures has to take place throughout the life cycle of the insect.

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Piñero, J. C., R. F. L. Mau, and R. I. Vargas. "A comparative assessment of the response of three fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) to a spinosad-based bait: effect of ammonium acetate, female age, and protein hunger." Bulletin of Entomological Research 101, no. 4 (October 20, 2010): 373–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485310000386.

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AbstractAmmonia-releasing substances are known to play an important role in fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) attraction to food sources, and this information has been exploited for the development of effective synthetic food-based lures and insecticidal baits. In field studies conducted in Hawaii, we examined the behavioural response of wild female oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)), melon fly (B. cucurbitae (Coquillett)), and Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)) to spinosad-based GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait© formulated to contain either 0, 1 or 2% ammonium acetate. Use of visually-attractive yellow bait stations for bait application in the field allowed for proper comparisons among bait formulations. Field cage tests were also conducted to investigate, using a comparative behavioural approach, the effects of female age and protein starvation on the subsequent response of F1 generation B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis to the same three bait formulations that were evaluated in the field. Our field results indicate a significant positive effect of the presence, regardless of amount, of AA in GF-120 for B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae. For C. capitata, there was a significant positive linear relationship between the relative amounts of AA in bait and female response. GF-120 with no AA was significantly more attractive to female C. capitata, but not to female B. dorsalis or B. cucurbitae, than the control treatment. Our field cage results indicate that the effects of varying amounts of AA present in GF-120 can be modulated by the physiological stage of the female flies and that the response of female B. cucurbitae to GF-120 was consistently greater than that of B. dorsalis over the various ages and levels of protein starvation regimes evaluated. Results are discussed in light of their applications for effective fruit fly suppression.

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Schutze, Inana Xavier, Cléber Antonio Baronio, Morgana Mattiello Baldin, Alci Enimar Loek, and Marcos Botton. "Toxicity and residual effects of toxic baits with spinosyns on the South American fruit fly." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 2 (February 2018): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000200002.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the lethal concentration and lethal time (LC and LT) of spinosad and spinetoram, combined with different food lures, and their residual effects on South American fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus). The toxic baits were offered in eight concentrations (2, 6, 14, 35, 84, 204, 495, and 1,200 mg L-1), combined with the following food lures: 7% sugarcane molasses, 3% Biofruit, 1.5% CeraTrap, 1.25% Flyral, 3% Samaritá Bait, and 3% Samaritá Tradicional; diluted food lures in water were used as controls. The residual effect of the formulations at 96 mg L-1 concentration were evaluated for 21 days and were compared with that of the commercial bait Success 0.02 CB. Both insecticides were toxic to adults of A. fraterculus, and mortality varied with the food lure used. The LC50and LT50ranged from 15.19 to 318.86 mg L-1and from 11.43 to 85.93 hours, respectively. Spinosad was 2 to 36 times as toxic as spinetoram when combined with different hydrolyzed proteins. Toxic baits formulated with spinosad and spinetoram (96 mg L-1) caused mortality equivalent to the one by Success 0.02 CB (90.2%), when assessed on the day of application. Toxic baits formulated with 3% Biofruit + spinosad and 3% Samaritá Bait + spinetoram are effective for managingA. fraterculusand provide up to seven days of residual effect in the absence of rain; however, only Success 0.02 CB caused more than 80% mortality for up to 21 days.

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Ikhsanudin, Ahmad, Emantis Rosa, and Christina Nugroho Ekowati. "Proteolytic Activity of The Entomopathogenic Fungi (Penicillium sp. ) of Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana)." Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v6i2.47.

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Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) were the insect vectors of disease that caused adverse effects on human health. Control cockroch excessive use of insecticides can lead to residus in the environment and resistance cockroach. Therefore it was necessary to use an alternatives such as such as entomopathogenic fungal as biologycal agents. The entomopathogenic fungi penetrated via the integument of an cockroach to reach the hemocoel. Proteins were the molecules responsible for integument strength in cockroach, It was synthesis the proteases to degrading proteins. The study begins with the isolation of entomopathogenic fungi using the moist chamber method with cockroach as insect bait. Fungus that grow on cockroches are cultured and purifed on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium then identified. Identification was carried out through macroscopic observations including colony color and diameter and microscopic observations including conidia, conidiophores, hyphae, vesicles, fialids, and leg cells. The result of isolation and identification obtained as Penicillium sp. Proteases enzimatic activity tested on PDA with anlene 1%. The clear zone formed is measured to show the activity of proteases produced by Penicillium sp.

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Coetzer, Theresa L., Alisje Churchyard, and Melanie Wepener. "Trafficking of Plasmodium Falciparum Proteins: A Novel Anti-Malaria Drug Target?" Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2443.2443.

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Abstract Malaria continues to be a global health problem and in 2015 the World Health Organisation estimated that there were ~214 million cases of the disease and ~438 000 deaths. Despite a marked reduction in mortality and morbidity over the last 15 years, these hard fought gains are threatened by resistance of the Anopheles mosquito vector to insecticides and resistance of the malaria parasite to artemisinin, currently the main frontline drug used in treatment of the disease. There is no effective vaccine and thus new drug targets are needed to fuel the development of compounds that kill parasites. Plasmodium falciparum is the most lethal of the malaria parasites, but our knowledge of the fundamental biology of this parasite is still incomplete and ~60% of the proteome is uncharacterised. This study aims to identify unique proteins/pathways involved in internal trafficking of parasite proteins. Clinical symptoms of malaria are caused by the intra-erythrocytic phase of the parasite life cycle and entry into the erythrocyte is accomplished by several specialised invasion proteins, which are stored in unique apical secretory organelles known as micronemes and rhoptries. Very little is known about the trafficking signals and transport mechanisms of invasion proteins to the apical organelles. Three micronemal proteins, apical membrane antigen-1 (PfAMA-1), subtilisin 2 (PfSUB2) and Erythrocyte Binding Antigen 181 (PfEBA-181) were investigated. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the proteins contain N-terminal signal peptides, which direct the newly synthesised invasion proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transmembrane domains and cytoplasmic tails are located in the C-terminal ends and various functional domains are present in the central sections. To identify the domains responsible for targeting the micronemes, selected domains were amplified by PCR or RT-PCR from P. falciparum genomic DNA or RNA and used to create 7 mini-genes by overlap extension PCR. All products contained the N-terminal signal peptide that is required for transport through the ER. A pARL-mCherry plasmid (kindly donated by Jude Przyborski) was modified to replace the constitutive Pfcrt promoter with a Pfama-1 promoter that is only active during the schizont stage of parasite development when micronemes are formed. The plasmid contains a positive selection cassette that codes for human dihydrofolate reductase, which is resistant to WR99210 drug. The mini-genes were cloned into the modified plasmid and these constructs were used to transfect P. falciparum parasites by electroporation. Transgenic parasites were selected by WR99210 drug pressure and the expression of red fluorescent mCherry-tagged chimeric proteins was visualised in live parasites. Co-localisation studies were performed with green fluorescent PfEBA-175, a microneme marker, to assess if the transgenic mini-proteins reached their destination. In line with other EBAs, PfEBA-181 required the cysteine-rich ectodomain for correct localisation, whereas the prodomain of PfAMA-1 and transmembrane domain of PfSUB2 were essential for microneme targeting. Since these 3 invasion proteins all require different domains for transport to the micronemes, the possibility of a protein escorter was explored. The PfAMA-1 prodomain was expressed as a recombinant histidine tagged "bait" protein and immobilised onto Nickel-coated beads, which were exposed to a P. falciparum phage display library for 4 rounds of biopanning. Phage that bound to the bait were isolated and the parasite inserts were sequenced. Comparison of the sequences to the Plasmodium database revealed 2 binding partners: a putative chaperone binding protein and a putative P. falciparum formin 2. The human orthologue of formin has several functions in the actin cytoskeleton, including intracellular vesicle transport along the actin fibres. These binding partners are currently being expressed as GST-tagged recombinant proteins, which will be used in in vitro binding assays to verify their interaction with the prodomain of PfAMA-1. To ascertain if formin 2 and chaperone binding protein are common transporters for micronemal invasion proteins, their interaction with the targeting domains of PfSUB2 and PfEBA-181 will be investigated. Since humans don't have apical organelles, these trafficking mechanisms are unique to P. falciparum and may be exploited as novel anti-malaria drug targets. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Haack, Kevin D., S. Bradleigh Vinson, and Jimmy K. Olson. "Food Distribution and Storage in Colonies of Monomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 30, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-30.1.70.

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The distribution (between adult workers and worker larvae) and storage of dyed foods (one protein, two lipids, and three carbohydrates) were investigated in standardized Pharaoh ant, Monomorium pharaonis (L.), colonies (n = 250 workers, 2 queens, and 25–30 mg worker brood) in the laboratory. Two foods were in liquid form (peanut oil and 1 M sucrose) and four were in solid form (egg yolk, beef fat, table sugar, and corn starch). Workers did not actively recruit to table sugar, but in a concurrent study it was used as building material to fill nest openings. Moistened corn starch was ignored by foraging workers with little storage. Workers became satiated on 1 M sucrose before any solution was given to larvae. Peanut oil, like the 1 M sucrose solution, was rapidly distributed among and stored internally by adult workers. Unlike the 1 M sucrose solution given primarily to older larvae, peanut oil was distributed rapidly to all larval stadia. Workers showed weak recruitment to beef fat even after 7 d of starvation. Only a few workers showed evidence of feeding on beef fat and none was distributed to larvae. Storage of solid lipid (beef fat) was variable. Workers in two of five colonies stored large quantities of beef fat in piles inside their nests. In three colonies only trace amounts of beef fat were stored after 24 h. In contrast, workers consistently stored large quantities of excess solid protein (moist egg yolk powder) in piles inside their nests. Solid protein was fed to and consumed primarily by older larvae, and none was detected in young larvae or adult workers. Workers actively recruited to liquid carbohydrate (1 M sucrose) and solid protein (moist egg yolk powder) foods after 2 d of starvation. A 7-d starvation period was necessary for active recruitment to lipids (peanut oil and beef fat), but caused extremely rapid recruitment (too fast for accurate observation) to carbohydrate and protein foods. Thus, colonies were starved for 2 d prior to the introduction of protein or carbohydrate foods, and 7 d prior to lipid foods. Our results suggest that lipids may not be rapidly depleted in the metabolism of the Pharaoh ant. Thus, protein and liquid carbohydrates (using simple sugars) may play a more important role as components of insecticidal baits that are important in Pharaoh ant management. However, in field colonies that may be stressed for lack of food (which may commonly occur), an insecticidal bait formulated from oil may be readily accepted and effective.

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Rizzo, Roberto, Marco Pistillo, Giacinto Salvatore Germinara, Gabriella Lo Verde, Milko Sinacori, Filippo Maggi, Riccardo Petrelli, et al. "Bioactivity of Carlina acaulis Essential Oil and Its Main Component towards the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae: Ingestion Toxicity, Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights." Insects 12, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100880.

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Among botanical insecticides based on essential oils (EOs) or their main components, Carlina acaulis EO and the aromatic polyacetylene carlina oxide, constituting more than 90% of its EO, were recently proven to be effective against the larvae and adults of some insect vectors and pests. In this study, the toxicity of C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide were tested on Bactrocera oleae adults using a protein bait formulation. The LC50 values of the C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide were 706 ppm and 1052 ppm, respectively. Electroantennographic (EAG) tests on B. oleae adults showed that both carlina EO and oxide elicited EAG dose-dependent responses in male and female antennae. The responses to the EO were significantly higher than those to carlina oxide, indicating that other compounds, despite their lower concentrations, can play a relevant role. Moreover, Y-tube assays carried out to assess the potential attractiveness or repellency of carlina oxide LC90 to B. oleae adults showed that it was unattractive to both males and females of B. oleae, and the time spent by both sexes in either the control or the treatment arm did not differ significantly. Overall, this study points out the potential use of C. acaulis EO and carlina oxide for the development of green and effective “lure-and-kill” tools.

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Brownbridge, M., R. Toft, J. Rees, T. L. Nelson, and C. Bunt. "Towards better mitigation technologies for invasive wasps Vespula spp." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4831.

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Exotic social insects are a major threat to New Zealands natural and agroecosystems Social wasps (Vespula vulgaris V germanica) in particular have had devastating effects in native forests and have displaced indigenous fauna through their predatory and polyphagous feeding habits High nest densities also limit access to and use of wilderness areas Insecticidal baits can reduce wasp populations for the short term on a local scale but contain potent toxins that pose environmental risks Novel baiting technologies are urgently needed by DOC and Regional Councils for use in conservation areas Baits must be palatable to Vespula spp and enable prolonged delivery of an efficacious yet selective control agent to the nest Using appropriate preservatives and humectants the field life of a protein bait was extended to 4 days without compromising its acceptance by foraging wasps Incorporation of waspactive isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana into the baits did not affect their attractiveness to wasps; nest traffic rates were significantly reduced by the Metarhizium treatment and infected larvae were recovered from nests exposed to each fungal treatment demonstrating the potential utility of this approach in a wasp mitigation strategy

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Raga, Adalton, Ester Marques De Sousa, and Léo Rodrigo Ferreira Louzeiro. "Mortality of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) Exposed to Spinetoram Toxic Bait in the Laboratory." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, December 16, 2021, 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i1130249.

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Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause significant losses during the production and marketing of horticultural products. Brazilian growers usually adopt full-coverage insecticide spraying to control fruit flies, but toxic bait is a more strategic technique, because reach efficacy and the target surface is the foliage and branches. We provide information regarding the toxicity of spinetoram bait to two fruit fly species in the laboratory as an alternative to organophosphates and the specific spinosad formulation. We tested toxic baits in the laboratory, using commercial hydrolysed corn protein (10% v/v) plus 90 g, 120 g, 150 g and 180 g dilutions of spinetoram 250 WG (commercial product/1,000 litres of water). All toxic baits were compared with an untreated control (only protein) for the adults of females and males of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) up to 30 hours of exposure. Dry food for adults was included in all dilutions (5% w/v). In addition, we tested the residual effect of toxic baits applied to the leaves of mandarin seedlings. We used the same treatments of the earlier bioassay without dry food, collecting treated leaves and exposing them to C. capitata (medfly) females for 24 hours in the laboratory. Leaves were collected 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after application. Overall, medfly adults were more susceptible to spinetoram baits than A. obliqua. All toxic baits resulted in 100% C. capitata mortality 24 hours after initial exposure, and the toxic bait at 150 g/1,000 L of water resulted in the maximum mortality (96%) in A. obliqua. Except for 90 g of spinetoram bait at 30 days after application, all spinetoram bait concentrations resulted in significantly, more dead C. capitata females than the control over all tested periods in the residual bioassay. At 30 days after application, spinetoram baits at 120 g, 150 g and 180 g resulted in 85%, 87% and 86% mortality in C. capitata, respectively. Spinetoram toxic baits have proven promising for long-term fruit fly management.

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Biasazin, Tibebe Dejene, Tadiwos W. Wondimu, Sebastian Larsson Herrera, Mattias Larsson, Agenor Mafra-Neto, Yitbarek W. Gessese, and Teun Dekker. "Dispersal and competitive release affect the management of native and invasive tephritid fruit flies in large and smallholder farms in Ethiopia." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (January 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80151-1.

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AbstractAfrican horticulture is seriously affected by fruit flies, both native and invasive. Novel sustainable control methods need testing against the backdrop of smallholder-dominated farming of Africa. We evaluated the potential of male-specific attractants (parapheromones) laced with insecticide to suppress the alien invasive Bactrocera dorsalis and native Ceratitis capitata. In large-scale guava, methyl-eugenol (ME)-bait stations combined with toxic protein baits suppressed B. dorsalis within 8 months but resulted in a resurgence of the displaced Ceratitis capitata. In smallholder farms, intervention using SPLAT-ME laced with spinosad was surprisingly unsuccessful. Subsequent mark-release-recapture experiments showed high dispersal rates of flies, covering many times a typical farm size, leading to a continuous influx of flies from surrounding areas. Several other factors important for intervention were evaluated. SPLAT-MAT-ME dollops remained attractive for over two weeks, although gradually becoming less attractive than fresh baits. Further, competitive displacement was observed: C. capitata selectively emerged from fruits in which B. dorsalis infestation was low. Finally, we evaluated whether ME could be combined with C. capitata male attractants [trimedlure (TML) and terpinyl acetate (TA)] without affecting attraction. Combining male lures did not affect catches directly, although at very high populations of B. dorsalis attracted to ME interfered with C. capitata trap entry. Although ME-based methods can effectively suppress B. dorsalis, they were not effective at single smallholder scale due to the high dispersive propensity of tephritids. Further, competitive release implies the need for a combination of lures and methods. These observations are important for developing control schemes tailored for African smallholder settings.

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Varikou, Kiki, Antonis Nikolakakis, Dimitris Bitsakis, Zacharias Skarakis, Nikos Garantonakis, and Leonidas Economou. "Choice response of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae, to various bait/insecticide combinations: hydrolyzed proteins or ammonium salts?" International Journal of Pest Management, December 2, 2021, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2021.2010145.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Protein bait insecticide'

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