Academic literature on the topic 'Protein encapsulation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Protein encapsulation"
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Levit, Shani L., Rebecca C. Walker, and Christina Tang. "Rapid, Single-Step Protein Encapsulation via Flash NanoPrecipitation." Polymers 11, no. 9 (2019): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091406.
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Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP) is a rapid method for encapsulating hydrophobic materials in polymer nanoparticles with high loading capacity. Encapsulating biologics such as proteins remains a challenge due to their low hydrophobicity (logP < 6) and current methods require multiple processing steps. In this work, we report rapid, single-step protein encapsulation via FNP using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Nanoparticle formation involves complexation and precipitation of protein with tannic acid and stabilization with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Nanoparticle self-assembly is driven by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Using this approach, high encapsulation efficiency (up to ~80%) of protein can be achieved. The resulting nanoparticles are stable at physiological pH and ionic strength. Overall, FNP is a rapid, efficient platform for encapsulating proteins for various applications.
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Figueiredo, Manuel, Zsuzsa Sárkány, Fernando Rocha, and Pedro M. Martins. "Challenges and Advances in the Encapsulation of Bioactive Ingredients Using Whey Proteins." Foods 14, no. 4 (2025): 691. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14040691.
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Functional foods represent an emerging trend in the food industry. Fortifying foods with bioactive ingredients results in health benefits and reduces the risk of disease. Encapsulation techniques protect sensitive ingredients from degradation due to heat, light, moisture and other factors. Among encapsulating materials, milk whey proteins are particularly attractive due to their availability, GRAS status and remarkable ligand-binding ability. Whey protein was once considered a by-product in the dairy industry but is now seen as a promising resource given its natural role as a nutrient carrier. This work reviews the encapsulation systems that employ whey proteins in the food industry. The structural features of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), the main protein constituent of milk whey, are presented in the context of its ligand-binding properties. Different types of encapsulation systems using whey proteins are discussed, focusing on the recent advances in stable formulations of bioactives using whey protein, alone or in hybrid systems. Whey proteins are a valuable asset capable of binding sensitive bioactive compounds such as vitamins, polyphenols and antioxidants and forming stable complexes that can be formulated as nanoparticles, nanofibrils, emulsions and other micro- and nanostructures. Developing scalable, solid and stable encapsulation systems is identified as a main challenge in the field.
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Quintero Quiroz, Julián, Víctor Velazquez, Juan D. Torres, Gelmy Ciro Gomez, Efren Delgado, and John Rojas. "Effect of the Structural Modification of Plant Proteins as Microencapsulating Agents of Bioactive Compounds from Annatto Seeds (Bixa orellana L.)." Foods 13, no. 15 (2024): 2345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13152345.
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This project studied the use of lentil protein (LP) and quinoa protein (QP) in their native and modified states as carrier material in the encapsulation process by the ionic gelation technique of annatto seed extract. Soy protein (SP) was used as a model of carrier material and encapsulated bioactive compounds, respectively. The plant proteins were modified by enzymatic hydrolysis, N acylation, and N-cationization to improve their encapsulating properties. Additionally, the secondary structure, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solubility as a function of pH, isoelectric point (pI), molecular weight (MW), the content of free thiol groups (SH), the absorption capacity of water (WHC) and fat (FAC), emulsifier activity (EAI), emulsifier stability (ESI), and gelation temperature (Tg) were assessed on proteins in native and modified states. The results obtained demonstrated that in a native state, LP (80.52% and 63.82%) showed higher encapsulation efficiency than QP (73.63% and 45.77%), both for the hydrophilic dye and for the annatto extract. Structural modifications on proteins improve some functional properties, such as solubility, WHC, FAC, EAI, and ESI. However, enzymatic hydrolysis on the proteins decreased the gels’ formation, the annatto extract’s encapsulated efficiency, and the hydrophilic dye by the ionic gelation method. On the other hand, the modifications of N-acylation and N-cationization increased but did not generate statistically significant differences (p-value > 0.05) in the encapsulation efficiency of both the annatto extract and the hydrophilic dye compared to those obtained with native proteins. This research contributes to understanding how plant proteins (LP and QP) can be modified to enhance their encapsulating and solubility properties. The better encapsulation of bioactive compounds (like annatto extract) can improve product self-life, potentially benefiting the development of functional ingredients for the food industry.
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van der Ven, Anton M., Hawa Gyamfi, Uthaiwan Suttisansanee, et al. "Molecular Engineering of E. coli Bacterioferritin: A Versatile Nanodimensional Protein Cage." Molecules 28, no. 12 (2023): 4663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124663.
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Currently, intense interest is focused on the discovery and application of new multisubunit cage proteins and spherical virus capsids to the fields of bionanotechnology, drug delivery, and diagnostic imaging as their internal cavities can serve as hosts for fluorophores or bioactive molecular cargo. Bacterioferritin is unusual in the ferritin protein superfamily of iron-storage cage proteins in that it contains twelve heme cofactors and is homomeric. The goal of the present study is to expand the capabilities of ferritins by developing new approaches to molecular cargo encapsulation employing bacterioferritin. Two strategies were explored to control the encapsulation of a diverse range of molecular guests compared to random entrapment, a predominant strategy employed in this area. The first was the inclusion of histidine-tag peptide fusion sequences within the internal cavity of bacterioferritin. This approach allowed for the successful and controlled encapsulation of a fluorescent dye, a protein (fluorescently labeled streptavidin), or a 5 nm gold nanoparticle. The second strategy, termed the heme-dependent cassette strategy, involved the substitution of the native heme with heme analogs attached to (i) fluorescent dyes or (ii) nickel-nitrilotriacetate (NTA) groups (which allowed for controllable encapsulation of a histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein). An in silico docking approach identified several small molecules able to replace the heme and capable of controlling the quaternary structure of the protein. A transglutaminase-based chemoenzymatic approach to surface modification of this cage protein was also accomplished, allowing for future nanoparticle targeting. This research presents novel strategies to control a diverse set of molecular encapsulations and adds a further level of sophistication to internal protein cavity engineering.
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Stajcic, Sladjana, Gordana Cetkovic, Jasna Canadanovic-Brunet, Vesna Tumbas-Saponjac, Jelena Vulic, and Vanja Seregelj. "Encapsulation of carotenoids extracted from tomato waste." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 51 (2020): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt2051149s.
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Utilization of carotenoids as a nutraceutical ingredients or natural colorants within foods is currently limited due to their instability. Encapsulation is one of the prominent means used to improve carotenoid stability. In this study the content of bioactive compounds (lycopene, ?-carotene and phenolics) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion and reducing power test) were investigated in the tomato waste extract. Based on the obtained results, tomato waste showed high contents of lycopene (13.72 mg/100 g DW), ?-carotene (12.36 mg/100 g DW) and phenolic compounds (203.33 mg/100 g DW). Also, high values of antioxidant activity were determined in all applied tests. To protect extracted sensitive carotenoid compounds (lycopene and ?-carotene) tomato waste extract was encapsulated with various encapsulating materials (soy protein, pea protein, inulin and gum arabica) by freeze drying method. The influence of applying different encapsulating materials on the encapsulation efficiency of carotenoids (lycopene and ?-carotene) was studied. Also, obtained encapsulates were characterized in terms of water activity, moisture content, hygroscopicity, flowability, density ratios and particles size. Encapsulate on the basis of gum arabic showed highest encapsulation efficiency of ?-carotene (53.47%), while encapsulate prepared with soy protein as encapsulating material showed highest encapsulation efficiency of lycopene (51.44%). The results of this study support the need for preparation of encapsulates with different encapsulating material and evaluation of their characteristics with the aim of development powder forms suitable for supplementation and food fortification.
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Dobroslavić, Erika, Ena Cegledi, Katarina Robić, Ivona Elez Garofulić, Verica Dragović-Uzelac, and Maja Repajić. "Encapsulation of Fennel Essential Oil in Calcium Alginate Microbeads via Electrostatic Extrusion." Applied Sciences 14, no. 8 (2024): 3522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14083522.
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Fennel essential oil (EO) is well known for its biological activities and wide potential for use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, where the main challenge is to achieve higher stability of EO. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of electrostatic extrusion for encapsulation of fennel EO by examining the effects of alginate (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and whey protein (0%, 0.75%, and 1.5%) concentrations and drying methods on the encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, bead characteristics, and swelling behavior of the produced fennel EO microbeads. Results revealed that electrostatic extrusion proved to be effective for encapsulating fennel EO, with whey protein addition enhancing the examined characteristics of the obtained microbeads. Freeze-drying exhibited superior performance compared to air-drying. Optimal encapsulation efficiency (51.95%) and loading capacity (78.28%) were achieved by using 1.5% alginate and 0.75% whey protein, followed by freeze-drying. GC-MS analysis revealed no differences in the qualitative aspect of the encapsulated and initial EO, with the encapsulated EO retaining 58.95% of volatile compounds. This study highlighted the potential of electrostatic extrusion using alginate and whey protein as a promising technique for fennel EO encapsulation while also emphasizing the need for further exploration into varied carrier materials and process parameters to optimize the encapsulation process and enhance product quality.
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Fan, Wei, Yan Shi, Yueming Hu, Jing Zhang, and Wei Liu. "Effects of the Combination of Protein in the Internal Aqueous Phase and Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate on the Stability of Water-In-Oil-In-Water Emulsions Co-Encapsulating Crocin and Quercetin." Foods 13, no. 1 (2023): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13010131.
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This study aimed to diminish the reliance on water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions on the synthetic emulsifier polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR). Considering the potential synergistic effects of proteins and PGPR, various protein types (whey, pea and chickpea protein isolates) were incorporated into the internal aqueous phase to formulate W/O/W emulsions. The effects of the combination of PGPR and protein at different ratios (5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 1:1 and 2:3) on the stability and encapsulation properties of W/O/W emulsions co-encapsulating crocin and quercetin were investigated. The findings indicated that the combination of PGPR and protein resulted in a slight reduction in the encapsulation efficiency of the emulsions, compared to that of PGPR (the control). Nonetheless, this combination significantly enhanced the physical stability of the emulsions. This result was primarily attributed to the smaller droplet sizes and elevated viscosity. These factors contributed to increased retentions of crocin (exceeding 70.04%) and quercetin (exceeding 80.29%) within the emulsions after 28 days of storage, as well as their improved bioavailability (increases of approximately 11.62~20.53% and 3.58~7.98%, respectively) during gastrointestinal digestion. Overall, combining PGPR and protein represented a viable and promising strategy for reducing the amount of PGPR and enhancing the stability of W/O/W emulsions. Notably, two plant proteins exhibited remarkable favorability in this regard. This work enriched the formulations of W/O/W emulsions and their application in the encapsulation of bioactive substances.
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Hanifah, Ayu, Wawan Kosasih, Diah Ratnaningrum, et al. "Optimization of Encapsulating Lemuru Fish Protein Hydrolysate Process by Spray-Drying Using Response Surface Method." Food Technology and Biotechnology 63, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.63.01.25.8626.
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Research background. Encapsulating Lemuru fish protein hydrolysate is important to maintaining its stability. However, optimal conditions for the encapsulation process of Lemuru fish protein hydrolysate using statistical methods remain unexplored. This study aims to address this problem by optimizing the encapsulation conditions. Experimental approach. Maltodextrin and gum Arabic were used as carrier agents, with mass per volume ratio ranging from 10 to 30 %, and spray dryer inlet temperatures between 90 and 100 °C. By employing the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), this research analyzes the main interactions of these variables. Results and conclusions. Our findings indicate that mass per volume ratio of maltodextrin of 25 % and inlet temperature of 100 °C are the optimal conditions for fish protein hydrolysate encapsulation. The optimal conditions achieved a high desirability index of 0.864, indicating an effective balance between yield, solubility and hygroscopicity. The actual measurements also fall well within the confidence interval of the predicted values, confirming the robustness of the model and the reliability of the predicted optimal encapsulation conditions. Characterizations were conducted using FTIR, SEM, and PSA to validate these results, comparing encapsulated fish protein hydrolysate with its non-encapsulated counterpart. The encapsulated fish protein hydrolysate exhibited distinct features, such as the presence of functional groups from maltodextrin, interconnected particle, and more homogenous and narrower particle size distribution. Novelty and scientific contribution. Lemuru fish protein hydrolysate encapsulation process using maltodextrin with mass per volume ratio of 25 % and inlet temperature 80 °C was successful in improving the properties of the protein hydrolysate. Further research should explore the functional properties of fish protein hydrolysate.
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Guerrero, Rodel, Paul W. S. Heng, and Terence P. Tumolva. "Preparation of Crosslinked Alginate-Cellulose Derivative Microparticles for Protein Delivery." Key Engineering Materials 931 (September 9, 2022): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o7266l.
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Microparticle protein delivery system using alginate and cellulose derivative (HPC, HEC and CMC) composite system was prepared using external gelation with vibration technology. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein was encapsulated using these biodegradable materials. This preparation showed an increase in encapsulation efficiency in comparison to the samples where pure alginate was used as the encapsulating material. Compared with the other microparticles, the 50:50 alginate/HEC samples exhibited significant encapsulation efficiency. Consequently, its release rate in the acidic medium was comparatively substantial and higher cumulative release in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) medium at the end of the dissolution study was observed to be high at around 86.17%.
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Rahmani-Manglano, Nor E., Elnaz Z. Fallahasghari, Ana C. Mendes, et al. "Oxidative Stability of Fish Oil-Loaded Nanocapsules Produced by Electrospraying Using Kafirin or Zein Proteins as Wall Materials." Antioxidants 13, no. 9 (2024): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091145.
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The encapsulation of fish oil by monoaxial electrospraying using kafirin or zein proteins as hydrophobic wall materials was investigated. Kafirin resulted in spherical fish oil-loaded nanocapsules (>50% of capsules below 1 µm), whereas zein led to fish oil-loaded nanocapsules with non-spherical morphology (>80% of capsules below 1 µm). Both hydrophobic encapsulating materials interacted with fish oil, successfully entrapping the oil within the protein matrix as indicated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy results. FTIR also suggested hydrogen bonding between fish oil and the proteins. Trapped radicals in the encapsulation matrix that were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), indicated oxidation during electrospraying and storage. Results from isothermal (140 °C) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) denoted that the encapsulation of fish oil by electrospraying using both kafirin or zein as wall materials protected fish oil from oxidation. In particular, the zein-based nanocapsules were 3.3 times more oxidatively stable than the kafirin-based nanocapsules, which correlates with the higher oil encapsulation efficiency found for zein-based capsules. Thus, this study shows that kafirin might be considered a hydrophobic wall material for the encapsulation of fish oil by electrospraying, although it prevented lipid oxidation to a lower extent when compared to zein.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protein encapsulation"
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Oehrl, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Polyglycerin-Based Nanogels for Protein Encapsulation / Alexander Oehrl." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214641296/34.
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Bouissou, Camille. "Encapsulation of an integrin-binding protein into PLGA microspheres." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432835.
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Berendsen, Rikkert. "Encapsulation of procyanidins in double emulsions stabilized by protein–polysaccharide complexes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284713.
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Els extractes comercials de polifenols són molt utilitzats para formular aliments. La seva efectivitat, però, depèn de la seva capacitat per mantenir l’estabilitat i biodisponibilitat dels ingredients actius. L’encapsulació és una estratègia que permet aconseguir-ho. S’han investigat dos sistemes per encapsular un extracte ric en procianidines: emulsions aigua-en-oli-en-aigua (W1/O/W2) i microcàpsules sòlides (obtingudes per atomizació d’emulsions W1/O/W2). Per produir les emulsions s’utilitzà emulsificació amb membranes (ME) premix i, en particular, l’estudi es centrà en com la capa interfacial (O–W2) afecta l’estabilitat de les emulsions i l’alliberament de procianidines.
Mitjançant ME premix es produïren emulsions O/W i W1/O/W2 estabilitzades amb un fracció proteica de sèrum de llet (WPI) i amb complexos WPI-carboximetil cel•lulosa (WPI–CMC), WPI-goma aràbiga (WPI–GA) i WPI–Quitosà (WPI–Chi). Mesures d’absorció mostraren que els complexos WPI–polisacàrid formen interfases de major gruix però menor densitat que les formades únicament per WPI.
Les emulsions W1/O/W2 enriquides amb procianidines i estabilitzades amb complexos WPI–CMC, WPI–GA, o WPI–Chi retingueren al menys el 70% de las procianidines inicials en acabar el procés de ME premix. L’estabilitat de l’emulsió va dependre del tipus d’interfase i del pH de la fase W2. La velocitat d’alliberament de procianidines es va correlacionar amb el gruix de la interfase formada per WPI–polisacàrid: les interfases de major gruix disminueixen la velocitat d’alliberament.
Totes les emulsions W1/O/W2 varen permetre produir microcàpsules de procianidines després d’una etapa d’atomització i recuperar l’estructura pròpia d’una emulsió doble en rehidratar-se. La composició de la interfase determinà la mida de partícula de les emulsions W1/O/W2 després de la rehidratació. En particular, el complex WPI–CMC fou capaç d’estabilitzar les gotes d’oli durant les distintes etapes de la producció de microcàpsules, malgrat que va retenir moderadament la migració de procianidines a través de la interfase O–W2.
.<br>Los extractos comerciales de polifenoles son muy utilizados para formular alimentos. Su efectividad, sin embargo, depende de su capacidad para mantener la estabilidad y biodisponibilidad de los ingredientes activos. La encapsulación es una estrategia que permite conseguirlo. Se han investigado dos sistemas para encapsular un extracto rico en procianidinas: emulsiones agua-en-aceite-en-agua (W1/O/W2) y microcápsulas sólidas (obtenidas por atomización de emulsiones W1/O/W2). Para producir las emulsiones se empleó emulsificación por membranas (ME) premix y, en particular, el estudio se centró en cómo la capa interfacial (O–W2) afectó la estabilidad de las emulsiones y la liberación de procianidinas.
Con ME premix se produjeron emulsiones O/W y W1/O/W2 estabilizadas con un fracción proteica de suero de leche (WPI) y con complejos WPI-carboximetil celulosa (WPI–CMC), WPI–goma arábiga (WPI–GA) y WPI–Quitosano (WPI–Chi). Medidas de adsorción mostraron que los complejos WPI–polisacáridos forman interfases de mayor espesor pero menor densidad que las formadas únicamente por WPI.
Las emulsiones W1/O/W2 enriquecidas en procianidinas y estabilizadas con complejos WPI–CMC, WPI–GA, o WPI–Chi retuvieron al menos el 70% de las procianidinas iniciales tras el proceso de ME premix. La estabilidad de la emulsión dependió del tipo de interfase y del pH de la fase W2. La velocidad de liberación de procianidinas se correlacionó con el espesor de la interfase formada por WPI–polisacáridos: las interfases de mayor espesor disminuyen la velocidad de liberación.
Todas las emulsiones W1/O/W2 permitieron producir microcápsulas de procianidinas después de una etapa de atomización y recuperar la estructura propia de una emulsión doble tras la rehidratación. La composición de la interfase determinó el tamaño de partícula de las emulsiones W1/O/W2 después de la rehidratación. En particular, el complejo WPI–CMC fue capaz de estabilizar las gotas de aceite durante las distintas etapas de la producción de microcápsulas pese a que retuvo, moderadamente, la migración de procianidinas a través de la interfase O–W2.<br>Commercial extracts rich in polyphenols are extensively used to formulate foods. Nevertheless, their effectiveness depends on preserving the stability and bioavailability of the active ingredients. Encapsulation is a strategy to meet these requirements. We have investigated two encapsulation systems to entrap a procyanidin-rich extract: water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) emulsions and solid microcapsules (spray dried W1/O/W2 emulsions). While premix membrane emulsification (ME) was used to produce these emulsions, we focused on how the interfacial layer (O–W2) affected emulsion stability and procyanidin release.
Premix ME enabled to produce single and double emulsions stabilized with whey protein isolate (WPI), and WPI–Carboxymethyl cellulose (WPI–CMC), WPI–Gum Arabic (WPI–GA) and WPI–Chitosan (WPI–Chi) complexes. Adsorption measurements showed that WPI–polysaccharides interfaces form thicker but less dense layers than only WPI.
In O/W emulsions, different interfacial structures made of WPI and CMC led to large differences in lipid oxidation. The negatively charged droplets of the emulsions stabilized with WPI–MC would attract positively charged transition metals, promoting lipid oxidation.
Procyanidin-loaded W1/O/W2 emulsions stabilized by WPI–CMC, WPI–GA, or WPI–Chi complexes retained at least 70% of the initial procyanidins at the end of premix ME. Emulsion stability depended on the interfacial layer and the pH of the W2 phase. The release rate of procyanidins was correlated to the interfacial thickness of the WPI–polysaccharide layer: thicker layers lowered the release rate.
All the W1/O/W2 emulsions were able to produce procyanidin-loaded microcapsules after spray drying and could all recover their W1/O/W2 emulsion structure upon rehydration. The interfacial composition affected particle size of W1/O/W2 emulsions after microcapsule rehydration. Particularly, WPI–CMC complex was able to truly stabilize the W1/O droplets during the different stages of microcapsule production although it moderately retained the migration of procyanidins through the O–W2 interface.
For each type of encapsulation system, a tailor-made hydrophilic emulsifier is required to comply with the type of protection needed, the addenda used and the delivery conditions.
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Betz, Michael [Verfasser]. "Encapsulation-related characterisation and applications of thermal whey protein hydrogels / Michael Betz." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033041750/34.
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Johnson, Julian A. "The Production of Designed Potential Protein Contrast Agents and their Encapsulation in Albumin Microspheres." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_theses/20.
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Using protein design, a series of metal binding proteins have been designed, allowing the local factors that contribute to metal affinity and thermostability to be studied. Those proteins with the highest metal binding affinities had the lowest apo-form Tm and the largest ÄTm upon metal binding. In this thesis, major steps have been taken toward applying the engineered protein to MR imaging. The progress of magnetic resonance imaging is hindered by low specificity and rapid elimination of FDA-approved MRI contrast agents. The engineered protein contrast agent has been conjugated to a cancer-specific targeting peptide and encapsulated in albumin microspheres to provide tandem passive and active tumor targeting. Also, a simple, high-yield purification method has been developed.
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Al-Saadi, Ali. "Preparation and characterisation of encapsulation magnetic metal iron oxide nanoparticles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:57bdcf38-9d45-48ab-a971-a2d60e2e4391.
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One of the most challenging goals in nanoparticle research is to develop successful protocols for the large-scale, simple and possibly low-cost preparation of morphologically pure nanoparticles with enhanced properties. The work presented in this thesis was focused on the synthesis, characterisation and testing of magnetic nanoparticles and their potential applications. There are a number of magnetic nano-materials prepared for specific applications such as metal oxide nanoparticles encapsulated with various porous materials including Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃ coated with soft bio-organic materials such as glycol chitosan and bovine serum albumin and hard materials such as silica (SiO₂) and zinc sulphide (ZnS). The preparation of these materials was achieved principally by bottom-up methods with different approaches including micro-emulsion, precipitation, electrostatic and thermolysis processes. The thesis also presents the uses of various analytical techniques for characterising different types of nano-materials including Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transformer Infrared Vibrational Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Ultraviolet Visible- Near Infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Spectroscopy, Zeta Potentiometric Surface Charge Analysis, Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) and Vibration Sample Magnetometry (VSM) for magnetic analysis and powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for crystallographic pattern analysis. There are many applications of magnetic nanoparticles, including nano-carriers for biological and catalytic reagents. The magnetic nanoparticles can facilitate separation in order to isolate the carriers from solution mixtures as compared to many inefficient and expensive classic methods, which include dialysis membrane, electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, precipitation and column separation methods. There are six key chapters in this thesis: the first chapter introduces the up-to-date literature regarding magnetic nano-materials. The uses of magnetic nano-materials in drug binding and for protein separation are discussed in the second and third chapters. The fourth chapter presents the use of magnetic nanoparticle in conjunction with a photo-catalytic porous overlayer for the photo-catalytic reduction of organic molecules. The fifth chapter describes different analytical techniques used for the characterisation of nanoparticles and the underlying principles and the experimental details are also given. The sixth chapter summarises the results and provides an overview of the work in a wider context of future applications of magnetic nanoparticles.
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Chapeau, Anne Laure. "Les coacervats de beta-lactoglobuline et lactoferrine pour l'encapsulation d'une molécule bioactive modèle, la vitamine B9." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARB300/document.
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Les aliments fonctionnels connaissent aujourd’hui un intérêt grandissant. Pour leur formulation, l'encapsulation de bioactifs représente une voie intéressante et les protéines de lactosérum (PS) présentent de bonnes potentialités en tant qu'agents d’encapsulation. Des travaux antérieurs ont démontré que deux PS, la beta-lactoglobuline (BLG) et la lactoferrine (LF), peuvent former spontanément des co-assemblages par coacervation complexe, une technologie d'encapsulation connue. Cette thèse étudie la coacervation BLG-LF pour l'encapsulation d'un bioactif modèle, la vitamine B9. En testant une gamme de pH et de ratios molaires, les conditions optimales de coacervation B9-PS sont obtenues dans l'eau, à pH 5,5, avec un ratio molaire LF:B9:BLG de 1:5:10, permettant d’atteindre des rendements de coacervation de 45 à 55%, et d’encapsulation de B9 de 98 %.L’échelle de production des coacervats est augmentée avec succès du µL au L, avec des solutions protéiques de qualité commerciale et un mélangeur statique. Les rendements de coacervation et d’encapsulation sont conservés, avec l’encapsulation d’environ 4 mg de B9/g coacervats. Par ailleurs, les coacervats montrent un effet protecteur de la forme native de B9 vis-à-vis des UV, de l’oxydation et pendant la lyophilisation. Une étude in vivo chez le rat démontre une augmentation de la biodisponibilité de B9 lorsque administrée sous forme de coacervats. Les coacervats apparaissent stables lorsqu’ils sont resuspendus en gouttelettes dans du lait. Ce travail permet d’approfondir les connaissances sur la coacervation hétéroprotéique et s<br>Encapsulation of bioactives is relevant for the development of functional foods. Food proteins as encapsulating agents could match the objective of industries to develop “clean label” products. Moreover, whey proteins (WP) exhibit good potentialities as encapsulating agents. Previous works have demonstrated that the WPs, beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) and lactoferrin (LF), are able to spontaneously co-assemble by complex coacervation. This study explores the ability of BLG-LF coacervates as a potential carrier for the encapsulation of a model bioactive, vitamin B9. Throughout screening experiments, we determined the domains where B9-WP coacervation occured according to a tested range of pH, proteins and vitamin concentrations and molar ratios. Optimal conditions for coacervation were found in water, at pH 5.5, with LF:B9:BLG molar ratio of 1:5:10, affording coacervation yields of 45 to 55% and B9 encapsulation up to 98%.Coacervation was scaled-up from laboratory to bench scale using commercial-grade protein sources and static mixing. Final efficiencies were obtained with coacervates containing 4 mg of B9/g coacervates. Under degradative conditions (UV light irradiation, oxidation, freeze-drying), WP coacervates provided good protective properties limiting chemical degradation of native B9. In vivo oral administration of B9-WP coacervates in rats enhanced the plasmatic concentrations of B9 compared to unencapsulated B9. In addition, good physical stability over time was found after incorporated and resuspension of formed coacervates in milk. The combined results of this thesis p
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Brun, Geoffrey. "Formulation de capsules à cœur aqueux pour la délivrance stimulable de protéines." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066487/document.
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Les gradients de concentration de peptides ou de protéines, ou leur relargage localisé, jouent un rôle primordial dans les voies de communication inter-cellulaire. L'activation locale de cellules est étudiée in vitro à l'aide de sources artificielles contraignantes ou invasives de protéines (pipettes, dispositifs microfluidiques). Des méthodes plus douces et moins invasives sont très demandées. À cet effet, nous avons développé deux types de capsules capables de libérer des macromolécules sous l'effet d'une stimulation extérieure. Le premier système emploie des liposomes additionnés d'un amphiphile à azobenzène, tensioactif ou polyélectrolyte, capable de générer des pores à travers la membrane sous l'effet de la lumière. Les temps de dissolution des assemblages lipides/tensioactifs et les cinétiques de relargage (perméabilité) sous irradiation lumineuse ont été étudiées par diffusion dynamique de la lumière et fluorescence. Le second système repose sur des capsules à cœur aqueux et à coque polymère, formées par polyaddition interfaciale. Nous avons montré que l'inclusion de chaînes thermosensibles dans la membrane (polyNIPAM, par ex.) rendait la stabilité de la capsule dépendante de la température. Nous avons démontré sur des capsules millimétriques, chargées avec du dextrane ou des protéines, que cela permettait le contrôle du relargage. L'utilisation de polymère à UCST en milieu aqueux nous a permis d'obtenir les premières capsules thermosensibles capables de libérer leur contenu par élévation de la température au dessus d'une valeur critique. Cela ouvre une voie prometteuse au développement d'un système biocompatible de libération de protéines<br>Concentration gradients and local delivery of peptides or proteins play a crucial role in intercellular communication. In vitro, the effects of local activation of cells are studied with constrained or invasive artificial protein sources (pipettes, microfluidics). Milder and remotely-triggered techniques for the release of encapsulated biomolecules are highly in demand. To this aim we developed two classes of capsules able to release macromolecules upon an external stimulation. The first system is based on liposomes sensitized with azobenzene-containing amphiphiles (surfactants or polyelectrolytes) that can open pores in the membrane upon exposure to light. The dissolution time of lipids/surfactants assemblies and rate of release (permeability) under light irradiation has been assessed by dynamic light scattering and fluorescence measurements. The second system is a model of capsules with an aqueous core and a polymer shell, formed by interfacial polyaddition. We showed that inclusion of temperature-responsive chains in the membrane, e.g. polyNIPAM, confers temperature-dependant stability to the capsules; we demonstrated with millimeter-sized capsules loaded with dextran or proteins that this can be used to trigger the release. Using chains with UCST in water, we obtained the first temperature-sensitive capsules able to release their content upon increasing the temperature above a threshold. This represents a promising route to the biocompatible delivery of proteins
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Yang, Seung Ook. "Enzyme Encapsulation, Biosensing Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, and Bio-therapeutic Expression Platforms Using Cell-Free Protein Synthesis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6885.
Full textAbstract:
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) is a powerful protein expression platform where protein synthesis machinery is borrowed from living organisms. Target proteins are synthesized in a reaction tube together with cell extract, amino acids, energy source, and DNA. This reaction is versatile, and dynamic optimizations of the reaction conditions can be performed. The "œopen" nature of CFPS makes it a compelling candidate for many technologies and applications. This dissertation reports new and innovative applications of CFPS including 1) enzyme encapsulation in a virus-like particle, 2) detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the presence of blood and urine, and 3) expression of a multi-disulfide bond therapeutic protein. Two major limitations of enzymes are their instability and recycling difficulty. To overcome these limitations, we report the first enzyme encapsulation in the CFPS by immobilizing in a virus-like particle using an RNA aptamer. This technique allows simple and fast enzyme production and encapsulation We demonstrate, for the first time, the Rapid Adaptable Portable In vitro Detection biosensor platform (RAPID) for detecting endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in human blood and urine samples. Current living cell-based assays can take a week to detect EDCs, but RAPID requires only 2 hours. It utilizes the versatile nature of CFPS for biosensor protein complex production and EDC detection. Biotherapeutic protein expression in E. coli suffers from inclusion body formation, insolubility, and mis-folding. Since CFPS is not restricted by a cell wall, dynamic optimization can take place during the protein synthesis process. We report the first expression of full-length tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) using CFPS. These research works demonstrate the powerful and versatile nature of the CFPS.
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Ramakrishnan, Sarathiraja. "Encapsulation of omega-3 fatty acids by premix membrane emulsification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145770.
Full textAbstract:
In food and pharma industry, fish oils are highly demanded due to the many associated health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids. However, the delivery of fish oil through food is a major challenge as this oil is susceptible to oxidation and to produce off-flavors. To prevent these undesired effects, microencapsulation techniques are used. Typically oil encapsulation is carried out by two steps (i) emulsion preparation (ii) drying. The main objective is to study the effect of the emulsification method, emulsion formulation, membrane type and microcapsule formulation on relevant physic-chemical parameters of fish oil microcapsules.The approach of the project is to combine, for the first time, the advantages of using a low energy emulsification technique (membrane emulsification) and spray drying to obtain food-grade fish oil microcapsules. The results show a clear improvement in the oil encapsulation efficiency (OEE) when decreasing the droplet size of the emulsion and increasing the amount of wall material. The combination of a polysaccharide with a protein has been found to improve protection against oxidation during storage of the microcapsules, while the addition of denatured proteins as a part of the microcapsule wall material enhances OEE but does not improve the mechanical strength of the microcapsules.<br>El aceite de pescado es altamente valorado en la industria alimentaria por su demostrada actividad en la prevención y tratamiento de numerosas patologías, asociada a su contenido en ácidos grasos omega-3. La incorporación de aceite de pescado en alimentos presenta algunas dificultades relacionadas con su rápida oxidación y su característico aroma y sabor. La encapsulación del aceite de pescado retrasa la oxidación y permite enmascarar sus propiedades sensoriales. Tradicionalmente, la encapsulación se lleva a cabo combinando una etapa de emulsificación seguida de secado por atomización. El objetivo principal del trabajo es estudiar el efecto del método de emulsificación y la formulación de la emulsión y las microcápsulas en los parámetros físico-químicos más relevantes de las microcápsulas. En este proyecto se combina por primera vez la emulsificación por membranas con el secado por atomización para obtener microcápsulas de aceite de pescado aplicables a la industria alimentaria. Los resultados muestran una clara mejora en la eficiencia de encapsulación del aceite cuando se reduce el tamaño de gota de la emulsión y se incrementa la cantidad de material de pared de las microcápsulas. La combinación de un polisacárido con una proteína para la formación de la pared mejora la estabilidad oxidativa de las microcápsulas durante el almacenamiento. Por otra parte la adición de proteínas desnaturalizadas para reforzar las paredes de las microcápsulas ha resultado en una mejora de la eficiencia de encapsulación de aceite pero no ha mejora su resistencia mecánica
Books on the topic "Protein encapsulation"
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Thomasin, Claudio Antona. Biodegradable polyester microspheres for sustained protein delivery: Development and potential of the coacervate encapsulation process. 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Protein encapsulation"
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Kochhar, Jaspreet Singh, Justin J. Y. Tan, Yee Chin Kwang, and Lifeng Kang. "Protein Encapsulation in Polymeric Microneedles by Photolithography." In Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15444-8_4.
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Tsvetkova, Irina B., and Bogdan G. Dragnea. "Encapsulation of Nanoparticles in Virus Protein Shells." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2131-7_1.
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Gamage, Nadisha, Harish Cheruvara, Peter J. Harrison, et al. "High-Throughput Production and Optimization of Membrane Proteins After Expression in Mammalian Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3147-8_5.
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AbstractHigh-quality protein samples are an essential requirement of any structural biology experiment. However, producing high-quality protein samples, especially for membrane proteins, is iterative and time-consuming. Membrane protein structural biology remains challenging due to low protein yields and high levels of instability especially when membrane proteins are removed from their native environments. Overcoming the twin problems of compositional and conformational instability requires an understanding of protein size, thermostability, and sample heterogeneity, while a parallelized approach enables multiple conditions to be analyzed simultaneously. We present a method that couples the high-throughput cloning of membrane protein constructs with the transient expression of membrane proteins in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and rapid identification of the most suitable conditions for subsequent structural biology applications. This rapid screening method is used routinely in the Membrane Protein Laboratory at Diamond Light Source to identify the most successful protein constructs and conditions while excluding those that will not work. The 96-well format is easily adaptable to enable the screening of constructs, pH, salts, encapsulation agents, and other additives such as lipids.
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Perez, Adrián A., Osvaldo E. Sponton, and Liliana G. Santiago. "Protein-based nanoparticles as matrices for encapsulation of lipophilic nutraceuticals." In New Polymers for Encapsulation of Nutraceutical Compounds. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119227625.ch3.
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Azuma, Yusuke, and Donald Hilvert. "Enzyme Encapsulation in an Engineered Lumazine Synthase Protein Cage." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7893-9_4.
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Li, Zheng. "Surface modifications that benefit protein-based nanoparticles as vehicles for oral delivery of phenolic phytochemicals." In New Polymers for Encapsulation of Nutraceutical Compounds. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119227625.ch4.
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Lan, Esther H., Bruce Dunn, Joan Selverstone Valentine, and Jeffrey I. Zink. "Encapsulation of the Ferritin Protein in Sol-Gel Derived Silica Glasses." In Biochemical Aspects of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1429-5_14.
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Ko, Jong Tae, Hyung Joon Jung, Jong Hyon Mo, et al. "The Double-Layered Microsphere: Encapsulation of Water-Soluble Protein with PLGA." In Advanced Biomaterials VII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-436-7.513.
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Barreiro-Piñeiro, Natalia, Tomás Pose-Boirazian, Rebeca Menaya-Vargas, and José M. Martínez-Costas. "Production and Purification of Candidate Subunit Vaccines by IC-Tagging Protein Encapsulation." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2168-4_2.
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Liu, Aijie, Mark V. de Ruiter, Stan J. Maassen, and Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen. "Nanoreactors via Encapsulation of Catalytic Gold Nanoparticles within Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus Protein Cages." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7893-9_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Protein encapsulation"
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Miandoab, Dina Ghanai, Adil Alshammari, Bertrand Cambou, and Sareh Assiri. "CRP Encapsulation Scheme to Protect Medical Record Stored in the Cloud." In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icce63647.2025.10929975.
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Knockenhauer, K. E., K. M. Sawicka, and S. R. Simon. "Encapsulation within nanofibers confers stability to the protective antigen protein." In 2010 36th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2010.5458205.
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Wen, Ru, Qianjin Li, Sungjin Kim, Yongjie Ma, Jin Xie, and Houjian Cai. "Abstract 3534: Protein acylation mediates encapsulation of Src kinase into exosomes." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3534.
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Mijalković, Jelena, Neda Pavlović, Marija Korićanac, Ivana Gazikalović, Nevena Luković, and Zorica Knežević-Jugović. "NANOSTRUCTURED PUMPKIN LEAF PROTEINS: FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY FOR HYDROXOCOBALAMIN ENCAPSULATION." In 3rd International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy in Čačak, 2025. https://doi.org/10.46793/sbt30.60jm.
Full textAbstract:
This research provides constructive information on the correlation between the nanoparticulation process and the properties of protein-based nanoparticles, achieving a precise control of particle size, uniformity, surface charge, and hydroxocobalamin encapsulation possibilities. RuBisCO-rich protein fraction was isolated from pumpkin leaves and was proved to serve as a matrix for the gelation-, pH-, and desolvation-driven assembled nanoparticles. Hydroxocobalamin, as a model of nutrient, was encapsulated successfully into the nanoparticles derived via cold gelation (54%) and antisolvent precipitation (52%) processes, which have the greatest potential for the fabrication of stable nanoparticle structures (127 and 282 nm, -16.3 and -18.4 mV, respectively).
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Shiga, Hirokazu, S. Takashige, A. Hermawan Dwi, A. Sultana, Shuji Adachi, and Hidefumi Yoshii. "Encapsulation of krill oil by spray drying." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7323.
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An oil from Pacific krill (Euphausia pacifica) has a high content of PUFAs and phospholipids. The sediment was formed with homogenization of krill oil and maltodextrin (MD; dextrose equivalent (DE) = 19) solution using sodium caseinate, gum arabic, hydrolyzed whey protein or modified starch as a surfactant. Quillaja saponin could form the emulsion without the sediment. MD (28.5 wt%) was solubilized with distiller water (50 wt%) and mixed with krill oil (20wt%) and Quillaja saponin (1.5 wt%). The homogenized solution was spray-dried using Okawara-L8 spray dryer with a centrifugal atomizer. Spray-dried powder was evaluated in the oil-droplet size and surface-oil content. Keywords: krill oil, emulsion, Quillaja saponin, spray drying, PUFAs
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Pavlović, Neda, Jelena Mijalković, Verica Đorđević, Branko Bugarski, and Zorica Knežević Jugović. "CHARACTERISTICS OF OCTADECYLAMINE-STABILIZED LIPOSOMES CONTAINING SOY PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.489p.
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Liposomes have been researched as carriers for encapsulation of bioactive protein hydrolysate, despite low stability which makes them difficult to use. Using cholesterol or octadecylamine as lipid membrane stabilizers, soy protein hydrolysate is effectively encapsulated in liposomes created with phospholipon. Presence of both stabilizers concurrently resulted the highest efficiency 49.7%, while increasing the phospholipon mass had no effect. Particle size was raised (265 to 335 nm) as a result of the octadecylamine addition, and zeta potential was positive (36.7 mV), as compared to the cholesterol addition (-25.1 mV). Liposomes enabled extended hydrolysate release with retained its bioactivity.
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Sarles, Stephen A., and Donald J. Leo. "Durable Biomolecular Assemblies for Protein-Powered Device Concepts." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1346.
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Physically encapsulated droplet-interface bilayers are formed by confining aqueous droplets surrounded by lipid mono-layers in connected compartments within a solid substrate. The droplets reside within each compartment and are positioned on fixed electrodes built into the solid substrate. Full encapsulation of the network is achieved with a solid cap that inserts into the substrate to form a closed volume. Encapsulated networks provide increased portability over unencapsulated networks by limiting droplet movement and by integrating the electrodes into the supporting fixture. The formation of encapsulated droplet-interface bilayers is confirmed with electrical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry is also used to measure the effect of alamethicin proteins incorporated into the resulting lipid bilayers. The durability of the networks is quantified using a mechanical shaker to oscillate the bilayer in a direction transverse to the plane of the membrane and the results show that single droplet-interface bilayers can withstand several g’s of acceleration. Observed failure modes include both droplet separation and bilayer rupturing, where the geometry of the supporting substrate and the presence of electrodes are key contributors. Physically encapsulated DIBs can be shaken, moved, and inverted without bilayer failure, enabling the creation of portable, protein-powered devices.
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Ryabokoneva, L. A., and Irina Sergeeva. "ENCAPSULATED COLLAGEN HYDROLYSATE AS A COMPONENT OF FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS." In I International Congress “The Latest Achievements of Medicine, Healthcare, and Health-Saving Technologies”. Kemerovo State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/-i-ic-119.
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Collagen is a biologically important component that carries a large functional load. At
 the moment, there is a tendency to a reduced production of this protein in our body, so the
 question of obtaining food forms of collagen is relevant. The process of assimilation biological
 substances is accompanied by a high rate of nutrient release. The encapsulation process allows
 you to prolong this process and protect the component with functional activity from the
 aggressive stomach environment. An extract of woody greens obtained by water-alcohol
 extraction was adopted as an encapsulated substance. The "core" of the capsule was collagen
 hydrolysate obtained by alkaline hydrolysis from the skins of commercial fish.
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Yu, C. J. "Abstract 1741: Single protein encapsulation as a drug delivery platform for developing efficacious anticancer therapeutics." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1741.
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Yuruker, Sevket Umut, Mehmet Arik, Enes Tamdogan, et al. "Thermal and Optical Performance of Eco-Friendly Silk Fibroin Proteins as a Cavity Encapsulation Over LED Systems." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48326.
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The demand for high power LEDs for illumination applications is increasing. LED package encapsulation is one of most critical materials that affect the optical path of the generated light by LEDs, and may result in lumen degradation. A typical encapsulation material is a mixture of phosphor and a polymer based binder such as silicone. After LED chips are placed at the base of a cavity, phosphor particles are mixed with silicone and carefully placed into the cavity. One of the important technical challenges is to ensure a better thermal conductivity than 0.2 W/m-K of current materials for most of the traditional polymers in SSL applications. In this study, we investigated an unconventional material of the silk fibroin proteins for LED applications, and showed that this biomaterial provides thermal advantages leading to an order of magnitude higher thermal performance than conventional silicones. Silk fibroin is a natural protein and directly extracted from silk cocoons produced by Bombyx mori silkworm. Therefore, it presents a “green” material for photonic applications with its superior properties of biocompatibility and high optical transparency with a minimal absorption. Combining these properties with high thermal performance makes this biomaterial promising for future LED applications. An experimental and computational study to understand the optical and thermal performance is performed. A computational fluid dynamics study with a commercial CFD software was performed and an experimental set-up was developed to validate the computational findings to determine the thermal conductivity of the proposed material.
Reports on the topic "Protein encapsulation"
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Wicker, Louise, and Nissim Garti. Entrapment and controlled release of nutraceuticals from double emulsions stabilized by pectin-protein hybrids. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695864.bard.
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Original Objectives Specific objectives are to: (1) modify charge and hydrophobicity of pectins to improve emulsion stabilizing properties (2) develop emulsions that can be sterically stabilized using modified pectins and/or pectin/protein hybrids (3) obtain submicronal inner emulsion droplets (10-50 nanometers) with small and monodispersed double emulsion (1-2 μm) droplets with long-term stability (possibly by emulsified microemulsions) and (4) trigger and control the release at will. Background Methodology for encapsulation and controlled release of selected addenda, e.g. drugs, vitamins, phytochemicals, flavors, is of major impact in the food industries. Stable double emulsions with desired solubilization and release properties of selected addenda are formed using charge modified pectin or pectin-protein hybrids. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements * We developed methodology to isolate PME isozymes and prepared modified pectins in sufficient quantity to characterize, form single and double emulsions and test stability. *Amino acid sequence of PME isozymes was estimated and will facilitate cloning of PME for commercial application * The contribution of total charge and distribution of charge of modified pectin was determined *Soluble complexes or modified pectins and whey isolates are formed * Stable W/O/W double emulsions were formed that did not cream, had small particle size * Inner phase of double emulsions are nano-sized and stable. These new structures were termed emulsified microemulsions (EME) * Release of bioactives were controlled between a few days to months depending on layering on droplets by hybrids * Commercial testing by Israeli company of stability and release of Vitamin C showed good chemical stability Implications Resolved the major stability limitation of W/O/W emulsions. Resolved the questions regarding citrus PMEs and tailored pilot scale modification of pectins.
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Crowley. L51778 Fiber Optic Strain Monitoring of Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010621.
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�The objective of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of using fiber optic Bragg grating sensors (BGS) to measure axial and bending strain in pipes. Work was performed by McDermott Technology Inc. (MTI) and included BGS design and procurement. In addition to the pipe strain testing, a number of other evaluations were performed. Several methods were evaluated to protect and encapsulate the BGS, which are embedded inside an optical fiber, and strain transfer tests were performed on two of the encapsulation approaches. A high strain bending test to failure was performed on one BGS. A special test section was used to characterize the performance of the BGS and compare to standard electrical resistance foil strain gages.
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McGrew, D., and B. Weis. Using Counter Modes with Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Authentication Header (AH) to Protect Group Traffic. RFC Editor, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6054.
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