Academic literature on the topic 'Protein energy malnutrition in young children'
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Journal articles on the topic "Protein energy malnutrition in young children"
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Meyer, Rosan, Carina Venter, Adam T. Fox, and Neil Shah. "Practical dietary management of protein energy malnutrition in young children with cow’s milk protein allergy." Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 23, no. 4 (2012): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2012.01265.x.
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JEYASEELAN, L., and M. LAKSHMAN. "RISK FACTORS FOR MALNUTRITION IN SOUTH INDIAN CHILDREN." Journal of Biosocial Science 29, no. 1 (1997): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193209700093x.
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Protein energy malnutrition is a major health problem in India and it affects the growth and development of young children. This study investigated the impact of hygiene, housing and sociodemographic variables on acute malnutrition in children aged 5–7, living in urban and rural areas. Ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the overall prevalence of severe malnutrition was 8·2%. Older age, male sex, mother's poor education, lower family income, higher birth order of the child, use of dung or fire wood as fuel and defecation within the premises were significantly associated with malnutrition. Appropriate intervention programmes should be formulated to educate and support these families.
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Semba, Richard D. "The Rise and Fall of Protein Malnutrition in Global Health." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 69, no. 2 (2016): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000449175.
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Background: From the 1950s to the mid-1970s, United Nations (UN) agencies were focused on protein malnutrition as the major worldwide nutritional problem. The goal of this review is to examine this era of protein malnutrition, the reasons for its demise, and the aftermath. Summary: The UN Protein Advisory Group was established in 1955. International conferences were largely concerned about protein malnutrition in children. By the early 1970s, UN agencies were ringing the alarm about a ‘protein gap'. In The Lancet in 1974, Donald McLaren branded these efforts as ‘The Great Protein Fiasco', declaring that the ‘protein gap' was a fallacy. The following year, John Waterlow, the scientist who led most of the efforts on protein malnutrition, admitted that a ‘protein gap' did not exist and that young children in developing countries only needed sufficient energy intake. The emphasis on protein malnutrition waned. It is recently apparent that quality protein and essential amino acids are missing in the diet and may have adverse consequences for child growth and the reduction of child stunting. Key Messages: It may be time to re-include protein and return protein malnutrition in the global health agenda using a balanced approach that includes all protective nutrients.
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Grantham-McGregor, S. M., C. Powell M. Stewart, and W. N. Schofield. "Longitudinal Study of Growth and Development of Young Jamaican Children Recovering from Severe Protein-energy Malnutrition." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 24, no. 4 (2008): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.1982.tb13624.x.
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Makame, James, Tanita Cronje, Naushad M. Emmambux, and Henriette De Kock. "Dynamic Oral Texture Properties of Selected Indigenous Complementary Porridges Used in African Communities." Foods 8, no. 6 (2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8060221.
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Child malnutrition remains a major public health problem in low-income African communities, caused by factors including the low nutritional value of indigenous/local complementary porridges (CP) fed to infants and young children. Most African children subsist on locally available starchy foods, whose oral texture is not well-characterized in relation to their sensorimotor readiness. The sensory quality of CP affects oral processing (OP) abilities in infants and young children. Unsuitable oral texture limits nutrient intake, leading to protein-energy malnutrition. The perception of the oral texture of selected African CPs (n = 13, Maize, Sorghum, Cassava, Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), Cowpea, and Bambara) was investigated by a trained temporal-check-all-that-apply (TCATA) panel (n = 10), alongside selected commercial porridges (n = 19). A simulated OP method (Up-Down mouth movements- munching) and a control method (lateral mouth movements- normal adult-like chewing) were used. TCATA results showed that Maize, Cassava, and Sorghum porridges were initially too thick, sticky, slimy, and pasty, and also at the end not easy to swallow even at low solids content—especially by the Up-Down method. These attributes make CPs difficult to ingest for infants given their limited OP abilities, thus, leading to limited nutrient intake, and this can contribute to malnutrition. Methods to improve the texture properties of indigenous CPs are needed to optimize infant nutrient intake.
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Kachondam, Yongyout, and Sakorn Dhanamitta. "Country Report: Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Status in Mongolia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 14, no. 4 (1992): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659201400415.
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Information on the health and nutrition status of mothers and children in Mongolia was gathered during a recent consultancy supported by UNICEF in collaboration with WHO and the Mongolian Ministry of Health. Data were collected from published and unpublished documents, interviews with Mongolian nutrition and health specialists and UNICEF country representatives, and observations using rapid assessment procedures. The four main nutrition problems found were protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, iodine-deficiency disorders, and irondeficiency anaemia. Also of great concern is an extremely high level of acute respiratory infection among young children, which may be attributable in part to the Mongolian lifestyle.
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Michaelsen, Kim F., Camilla Hoppe, Nanna Roos, et al. "Choice of Foods and Ingredients for Moderately Malnourished Children 6 Months to 5 Years of Age." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 30, no. 3_suppl3 (2009): S343—S404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265090303s303.
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There is consensus on how to treat severe malnutrition, but there is no agreement on the most cost-effective way to treat infants and young children with moderate malnutrition who consume cereal-dominated diets. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the nutritional qualities of relevant foods and ingredients in relation to the nutritional needs of children with moderate malnutrition and to identify research needs. The following general aspects are covered: energy density, macronutrient content and quality, minerals and vitamins, bioactive substances, antinutritional factors, and food processing. The nutritional values of the main food groups—cereals, legumes, pulses, roots, vegetables, fruits, and animal foods—are discussed. The special beneficial qualities of animal-source foods, which contain high levels of minerals important for growth, high-quality protein, and no antinutrients or fibers, are emphasized. In cereal-dominated diets, the plant foods should be processed to reduce the contents of antinutrients and fibers. Provision of a high fat content to increase energy density is emphasized; however, the content of micronutrients should also be increased to maintain nutrient density. The source of fat should be selected to supply optimal amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n-3 fatty acids. Among multiple research needs, the following are highlighted: to identify the minimum quantity of animal foods needed to support acceptable child growth and development, to examine the nutritional gains of reducing contents of antinutrients and fibers in cereal- and legume-based diets, and to examine the role of fat quality, especially PUFA content and ratios, in children with moderate malnutrition.
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Blaney, Sonia, Lylia Menasria, Barbara Main, et al. "Determinants of Undernutrition among Young Children Living in Soth Nikum District, Siem Reap, Cambodia." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (2019): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030685.
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Background: Child undernutrition is of public concern in Cambodia. An understanding of factors influencing child nutritional status is essential to design programs that will reduce undernutrition. Using the UNICEF conceptual framework of causes of malnutrition, our research investigates the relationship between nutritional status of children aged 6–23 months and its immediate and underlying determinants. Methods: Baseline data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial aiming to assess the impact of the promotion of optimal feeding practices combined or not with the provision of local foods among 360 children 6–23 months of age were used. Anthropometry and biochemical measurements were performed at baseline. Data on each determinant of undernutrition were collected through interviews and direct observations. Results: Our results show that the degree of satisfaction of proteins and zinc requirements as well as the access to improved water sources and sanitation were positively associated with length-for-age, while having a better health status and a higher degree of satisfaction of energy, protein, zinc, and iron requirements were associated to an improved weight-for-length. Only child health status was associated to ferritin. Conclusion: Our results reiterate the importance of improving child diet and health status, but also the access to a healthy environment to ensure an optimal nutritional status.
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Uauy, Ricardo, and Juliana Kain. "The epidemiological transition: need to incorporate obesity prevention into nutrition programmes." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 1a (2002): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001297.
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AbstractBackground:Trends in the nutritional status for developing countries that are undergoing rapid economic growth indicate a decrease in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) with an associated rise in obesity prevalence.Objective:This paper analyses how supplementary feeding programmes may contribute to rising obesity trends, what factors may explain this phenomenon, and potential strategies to avoid obesity in malnutrition prevention efforts.Design and setting: This is a descriptive study of changes in nutritional status of infants and young children in Chile and the possible impact of supplementary feeding programmes on the rise in prevalence of obesity. We explored the changes in anthropometric indices before and after receiving food programme benefits and the use of targeting strategies as a way to combine the need to promote optimal growth while preventing obesity.Results:Evaluation of the change in nutritional status from participants in Chilean supplementary feeding programmes has shown that targeting strategies have been inadequate as children mainly modify their weight-for-age and weight-for-height, while their length-for-age remains practically unchanged.Conclusions:Monitoring length-for-age as well as weight-for-length is necessary to permit the identification of stunted overweight and obese children, as they should not be given excess energy. Energy supplementation should be adjusted according to activity level, securing adequate micronutrient density. PEM prevention programmes need periodic evaluation, including targeting of beneficiaries, definition of real needs and possible effect on obesity.
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Darnton-Hill, I., and ET Coyne. "Feast and famine: Socioeconomic disparities in global nutrition and health." Public Health Nutrition 1, no. 1 (1998): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn19980005.
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AbstractObjective:To review current information on under- and over-malnutrition and the consequences of socioeconomic disparities on global nutrition and health.Design:Malnutrition, both under and over, can no longer be addressed without considering global food insecurity, socioeconomic disparity, both globally and nationally, and global cultural, social and epidemiological transitions.Setting:The economic gap between the more and less affluent nations is growing. At the same time income disparity is growing within most countries, both developed and developing. Concurrently, epidemiological, demographic and nutrition transitions are taking place in many countries.Results:Fully one-third of young children in the world's low-income countries are stunted because of malnutrition. One-half of all deaths among young children are, in part, a consequence of malnutrition. Forty per cent of women in the developing world suffer from iron deficiency anaemia, a major cause of maternal mortality and low birth weight infants. Despite such worrying trends, there have been significant increases in life expectancy in nearly all countries of the world, and continuing improvements in infant mortality rates. The proportion of children malnourished has generally decreased, although actual numbers have not in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. Inequalities are increasing between the richest developed countries and the poorest developing countries. Social inequality is an important factor in differential mortality in both developed and developing countries. Many countries have significant pockets of malnutrition and increased mortality of children, while obesity and non-communicable disease (NCDs) prevalences are increasing. Not infrequently it is the poor and relatively disadvantaged sectors of the population who are suffering both. In the industrialized countries. cardiovascular disease incidence has declined, but less so in the poorer socioeconomic strata.conclusions:The apparent contradicitions found represent a particular point in time (population responses generally lag behind social and environmental transitions). They do also show encouraging evidence that interventions can have a positive impact, sometimes despite disadvantageous circumstances. However, it seems increasingly unlikely that food production will continue to keep up with population growth. It is also unlikely present goals for reducing protein-energy malnutrition prevalence will be reached. The coexistence of diseases of undernutrition and NCDs will have an impact on allocation of resources. Action needs to be continued and maintained at the international, national and individual level.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protein energy malnutrition in young children"
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Serrem, C. A. (Charlotte Atsango). "Development of soy fortified sorghum and bread wheat biscuits as a supplementary food to combat protein energy malnutrition in young children." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25565.
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Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) due to under nutrition is a major public health problem among children in Africa and other developing countries. Sorghum and bread wheat, which are important dietary staples in the semi-arid tropics of Africa, are suitable vehicles for delivering proteins to alleviate PEM. Formulation of foods from these low-lysine staples fortified with legumes is a sustainable approach to improve the protein nutritional quality of foods for young children. Biscuits offer a valuable vehicle for fortification as they are nutrient dense, ready-to-eat, have a long shelf-life and are popular. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of complementing sorghum and bread wheat with defatted soy flour on the nutritional and sensory quality and consumer acceptability of biscuits. Biscuits were formulated and developed by compositing sorghum and bread wheat flours with defatted soy flour at different ratios. To establish the nutritional characteristics of biscuits, proximate composition, lysine and reactive lysine contents and in vitro protein digestibility were determined. Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Food Efficiency Ratio (FER) True Digestibility and Biological Value (BV) of sorghum biscuits were determined using Sprague Dowley weanling male rats. The sensory characteristics of biscuits were evaluated using a descriptive panel and instrumental texture analysis. Acceptability was evaluated using eight to nine year old school children. Compared to the 100% cereal biscuits, sorghum-soy and bread wheat-soy composite biscuits in a 1:1 ratio had at least double the protein, mineral and crude fibre contents. The lysine contents of biscuits increased by 500-700%. For the sorghum-soy biscuits, in vitro protein digestibility increased by 170% and Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) was 8 times higher. Two such biscuits of 28 g each could provide 50% of the recommended daily protein intake for 3 to 10 year olds. In the animal study, PER and FER for sorghum-soy biscuits were equivalent to the reference casein. True Digestibility was high for all diets, 85 to 95% and BV of sorghum biscuits was higher than sorghum-soy diet by 20%. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that 61% and a further 33% of the variation in sensory properties was due to the type of cereal and concentration of soy in biscuits, respectively. Maximum stress increased by 39% and 34% in sorghum-soy and bread wheat-soy biscuits, respectively at 1:1 ratio. Spread factor of biscuits increased by 7 to 32%. Biscuits were darker in colour (reduced L* value) by 14 to 56% and hardness increased by 84% in sorghum biscuits. Positive hedonic scores by 8 to 9 year old school children for fortified biscuits were sustained above 80% through 8 consumption occasions. This data shows that fortifying with defatted soy flour imparts positive sensory characteristics associated with biscuits to sorghum and bread wheat biscuits and the acceptance of such biscuits may be sustained over an extended period of time. This study indicates that soy fortified sorghum and bread wheat biscuits have high nutrient density, protein quality, positive sensory properties and high acceptability if consumed over an extended period. Hence, the biscuits have great potential as protein-rich supplementary foods to alleviate PEM among children and to provide an income to small holder farmers in rural African communities through purchase of grain for the Home Grown School Feeding Programme.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.<br>Food Science<br>unrestricted
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Sarr, Sallah Mariama. "Pharmacology of artemether in children with protein energy malnutrition in The Gambia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2008886/.
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Malaria and malnutrition are causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Malnourished children are at higher risk of developing malaria, a problem compounded by the fact that malnutrition affects the metabolism of different antimalarials including chloroquine and quinine. Emerging resistance to chloroquine, which was the drug of choice, has led to the widespread use of artemisinin combination therapy in the population including children. To date, no studies have been undertaken on the pharmacokinetics of artemisinin compounds in malnourished children. This thesis aims to fill this evidence gap by studying patients with uncomplicated malaria of different nutritional status in The Gambia. Analysis of the nutritional status of 97 children in The Gambia with uncomplicated malaria showed that 30% were both underweight and wasting, while 28% were categorised into stunting. This was much higher than the national average which has been estimated to be 17.4%, 9.5% and 23% for underweight, wasting and stunting, respectively, demonstrating a potential relationship between malaria and Protein energy malnutrition. In-vitro studies showed that although pre-treatment of HL-60 cells with the iron chelator (DFO) did not affect the bioactivation of artesunate, there was a 20% increase in cell viability with IC50 increasing from 7.0 ± 4.3 to 33.3 ± 2.9. This is believed to be as a result of DFO chelating the toxic iron generated as a result of artesunate bioactivation which increased from 0.32 ± 0.6 ng/mol in the control incubations to 0.84 ± 0.1ng/mol at 100 μmol artesunate concentration. In light of the fact that iron was important in the mechanism of action of these compounds, and the fact that iron deficiency is commonly in malnourished children, the effect of both PEM and anaemia on plasma drug levels of artemether and DHA was also studied. LC-MS/MS method was optimised and validated for the simultaneous analysis of artemether and DHA in plasma with ≥80% precision and accuracy. Plasma artemether and DHA concentration analysed 2h post first dose was 138.4 ± 80.9 ng/ml and 58.8 ± 43.7 ng/ml respectively. Severely wasted and wasted children had the highest artemether (156.5 ±69.6 ng/ml) and DHA (84.1 ±62.6) plasma concentrations respectively but values were not statistically significant. Anaemic status of children did not have an influence on drug plasma concentration with anaemic children having artemether and DHA plasma concentration of 138.5 ± 73.7 and 57.9 ± 36.6, respectively, and 138.43 ± 85.3 and 59.3 ± 46.8 for non-anaemic children respectively. However, conclusive results were limited by sample size. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated a relationship between malaria and Protein energy malnutrition, and highlighted the possible effects pathophysiological changes as a result of protein energy malnutrition can have on drug pharmacology and therapeutic effects in these children. There is a need for further studies in larger cohorts of children with protein energy malnutrition to determine whether therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin combination therapy is affected in an adverse manner, and whether there is a need for changes in dosing recommendations.
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Ditebo, Gaeboloke Precious. "Malnutrition in children : the perceptions of mothers in Botswana." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31170.
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Malnutrition is one of the serious childhood problems that affect children under five (5) years of age, and is common in developing countries Botswana included. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of mothers of children diagnosed with malnutrition in Botswana, specifically at Sekgoma Memorial Hospital, Serowe. The said hospital is a district hospital which renders services to Serowe community and the surrounding villages, as such; participants in this study were from Serowe and other surrounding villages like Mabou, Tshimoyapula, Mmashoro and Mogorosi. Applied research was used as a type of research because it is associated with the researcher’s motivation to assist in solving a particular problem facing a particular community. Collective case study was used as a research design. The researcher explored the perceptions of mothers regarding child malnutrition; through the use of semi-structured interviews. Twelve (12) mothers of children with malnutrition were interviewed using systematic random sampling method and subsequently data was analysed according to Creswell’s model. Literature study was done and the following aspects were discussed: Child malnutrition in developing countries; child malnutrition in Botswana; description of child malnutrition; causes of child malnutrition; symptoms of child malnutrition; treatment of child malnutrition; prevention of child malnutrition; psychosocial implications of child malnutrition on the patient, family and community and social work intervention (therapy and prevention). Literature was also compared with research findings when analysing data. The study revealed that mothers had limited knowledge on malnutrition as a condition, the signs and symptoms thereof; causes; prevention and treatment of child malnutrition. This lack of knowledge made mothers to have wrong perceptions about child malnutrition. It was revealed that mothers did not perceive malnutrition as a serious problem that can result in admission for treatment in a hospital, they expected a different diagnosis. They perceive malnutrition as a secondary diagnosis. The majority of mothers had a Setswana diagnosis for their children’s condition. Mothers perceived the signs and symptoms of malnutrition as those of Thibamo, Phogwana (fontanel), or Ntsana. They interpret malnutrition as a Setswana ailment that can be treated traditionally. Factors that were identified to be contributing to malnutrition among children at Sekgoma Memorial Hospital in Serowe were found to be; lack of knowledge about malnutrition, wrong perceptions of malnutrition by mothers, illiteracy and unemployment, and cultural factors like taking a child to a traditional healer instead of a medical health facility. The study shows that mothers’ social functioning is disrupted by their children’s illness and hospitalization and thus a need for support from the hospital multi-disciplinary team, especially the social worker who is a trained counselor. The social worker should provide ongoing supportive counseling during the process of the child’s illness.<br>Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Social Work and Criminology<br>Unrestricted
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Alatrouni, Almahdi Mohamed. "Study of serum levels of insulin-like growth factor -1, insulin - like growth factor bunding protein -1 and -3, prealbumin and aminoterminal propetide of type -1 procollagen in infants and children with protein energy malnutrition." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4609.
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Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is a range of pathological conditions arising from coincident deficiency of proteins and calories in varying proportions occurring mostly in infants and young children. <br/>According to Welcome classification, PEM is classified into mild form (underweight) and severe form (marasmus, kwashiorkor or marasmic kwashiorkor) (Wellcome, 1970). <br/>The assessment of nutritional condition may be done through clinical examination, anthropometric measures or biochemical tests. <br/>The insulin-like growth factors (IGFS), are defined as polypeptide growth factors secreted by the liver and other tissues in response to stimulation by growth hormone (GH) (Guyton, 1996). <br/>In humans, there are two main forms of IGFS: Irsulin-like growth foctor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth foctor-11 (IGF-11). The most important of these is IGF-1, its synthesis is GH dependent, and its plasma levels are very sensitive to changes in GH availability (Berne et al, 1998). <br/>The IGFS circulate in plasma in complex with a family of binding proteins that extend the serum half-life of the IGF peptides, transport the IGFS to target cells and modulate the interaction of the IGFS with surface membrane receptors (Reiter and Rosenfeld, 1998). <br/>There are six IGF - binding proteins (IGFBPS) designated IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6. They are designated on the basis of their amino acid sequence (Berne et al, 1998). <br/>IGFBP-1 is generating much interest, because it possesses properties that are a typical for a classical binding protein. It is an important modulator of IGF activities (Martina et al, 1997). <br/>IGFBP-3 is the major IGFBP in the circulation (Boisclair et al, 2001). <br/>The prealbumin is a protein synthesized by the liver. It plays an important role in the plasma transport of vitamin A, and also involved in the transport of thyroid hormones (Silverman and Christenson, 1994) <br/>The aminoterminal peptide of procollagen, are removed during processing of collagen and released into the circulation. The level of procollagen peptides may provide a clinically useful index of growth (Raisz et al., 1998). <br/>-Aim of work : <br/>The aim of work is to evaluate serum levels of IGF-1 , IGFBP-1 , IGFBP-3 , prealbumin and aminoterminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen in malnourished children and demonstrate the effect of malnutrition on these parameters.
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Lamenha, Maria Laura Dias. "Perfil clínico-nutricional das crianças da população remanescentes dos quilombos do estado de Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/646.
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Objective: To know the nutritional status of children under 5 years old who live in Quilombos (Brazilian hinterland settlement founded by people of African origin) from Alagoas state in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 1114 children. The nutritional status was evaluated by anthropometry, clinical examination and measurement of hemoglobin level. The study data were: weight and height for formation of the weight -for age, weight for height and height for age. To characterizes underweight, wasting and stunting, it was applied to these indices, the cutoff z<-2. The Anthropometric standard used was proposed by OMS -2006. The Anemia was diagnosed when the hemoglobin level was < 11mg/dL. It was measured by a portable photometer (Hemocue). The Clinical Evaluations were preceded by a pediatrician, following the standard guide. Results: The prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was respectively 9,5%, 2,6% and 1,4 % . The anemia was found in 52,7% of the children . More usual clinical signs founded were : Pallor (61, 6%) , dental caries ( 38, 2%) , dull hair ( 26,9%) , skin xerosis (26,7%) and presence of infectious processes (22,3%) . Conclusion: Stunting, which indicates chronic mal nutrition, was the most common anthropometric deficit. The anemia presented so strong that characterizes it as a serious public health problem. The deficits of underweight and wasting however, were considered irrelevant under the epidemiologic point of view. The clinical evaluation, although subjective for most signals, revealed a lot of problems. And those problems lead to a better characterization of the mal nutritional profile of the studied communities, making possible an improved planning of future interventions.<br>Objetivo: Caracterizar o estado nutricional das crianças menores de 5 anos residentes nas comunidades remanescentes dos quilombos do Estado de Alagoas. Métodos: estudo transversal envolvendo 1114 crianças. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio da antropometria, exame clínico e aferição do nível de hemoglobina. Coletaram-se dados de peso e estatura para formação dos índices peso-para-idade (PI), peso-para-altura (PA) e altura-para-idade (AI). Para caracterizar baixo peso, magreza e nanismo, aplicou-se a esses índices, respectivamente, o ponto de corte z<-2. O padrão antropométrico utilizado foi o proposto pela OMS-2006. A anemia foi diagnosticada quando o nível hemoglobina era <11mg/dL. Sua aferição foi procedida em fotômetro portátil (Hemocue). A avaliação clínica foi procedida por uma pediatra, seguindo roteiro padrão. Resultados: As prevalências de nanismo, baixo peso e magreza foram, respectivamente, 9,5%, 2,6% e 1,4%. A anemia foi encontrada em 52,7% das crianças. Os sinais clínicos encontrados com maior freqüência foram: palidez (61,6%), cáries (38,2%), cabelos sem brilho (26,9%), xerose cutânea (26,7%) e presença de processos infecciosos (22,3%). Conclusão: O déficit estatural, indicativo da desnutrição crônica foi o déficit antropométrico mais prevalente. A anemia apresentou-se em magnitude tal que a caracteriza como grave problema de saúde pública. Os déficits de baixo peso e magreza, no entanto, foram considerados irrelevantes sob o ponto de vista epidemiológico. A avaliação clínica, embora de caráter subjetivo para a maioria dos achados, revelou uma série de problemas que contribuíram para uma melhor caracterização do status nutricional nas comunidades estudadas, possibilitando um melhor planejamento das intervenções a serem empreendidas.
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Marshall, Carol Anne. "An evaluation of aspects of the PEM (protein energy malnutrition) Scheme for malnourished children in Gauteng Province." Thesis, 2014.
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This study assessed aspects of targeting of the PEM scheme in Gauteng province. This
food supplementation scheme targets beneficiaries including children 0-6 years, using
largely anthropometric criteria. Routine provincial intervention data was analysed and
related to available data cm expenditure, population and indices of socio-economic
need. Only 28% were children in the critical 7-36 month age group; and coverage was
very low, with no correlation between indices of need and programme implementation
by area. An exit interview to a sample of caretakers of 0-6 year old children in four
clinics (two Local Authority, two provincial) examined the process of identification of
beneficiaries. Low attendance by children over 1 year and 40% errors in growth
monitoring, more frequent among sick children, effectively reduced screening
coverage among the most at-risk. Health worker misclassification resulted in an 81%
exclusion error among those meeting entry criteria, while 4% of the total were wrongly
enrolled. Advice and nutrition promotion to caregivers was inadequate.
Recommendations include service re-organisation, community-based initiatives and
better monitoring.
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Nkonde, Sophie Elsie. "Toddler malnutrition and the Protein-energy Malnutrition (PEM) programme in the Vosloorus township." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15653.
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The prevalence of Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) in South Africa has been welldescribed
in previous research studies and yet little is known about the nutritional status of
toddlers in the Vosloorus Township.
Using the research questions as the conceptual framework for the study, an exploratory
descriptive survey was conducted to determine.
• What factors give rise to malnutrition in the Vosloorus Township?
• Why do toddlers on the PEM Programme fail to achieve their expected target weight?
Data was collected by means of structured interviews from a sample of 50 mothers in the
Vosloorus Township whose toddlers were on the PEM Programme. The fmdings indicated
that the poor socio-economic conditions of the majority of households, especially
unemployment, low levels of education and ignorance, contributed towards the development
of malnutrition amongst toddlers and their failure to thrive on the PEM Programme.
Recommendations to reduce levels of malnutrition and transform existing nutrition
programmes were made.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Nursing Science)
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Honenberger, E. Allison. "Engaging local ideas about health eating to combat protein-energy malnutrition in West Africa : the centrality of mothers to kwashiorkor prevention in Ghana /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10288/1265.
Full textBooks on the topic "Protein energy malnutrition in young children"
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Bhat, B. Vishnu. Protein, energy, malnutrition. Peepee Publishers and Distributors, 2008.
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Peters, Caroline. Protein-energy malnutrition and the home environment: A study among children in Coast Province, Kenya. Food and Nutrition Planning Unit, Ministry of Planning and National Development, 1987.
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Lutangu, Sikota. Report on field work one testing selected areas of Kasempa District: Study of factors leading to low recovery rate from malnutrition in the underfive children who receive high energy protein supplement in Kasempa District. Pan African Institute for Development East and Southern Africa, 1998.
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Sserunjogi, Louise. Study on the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in children 5 years and under in Kiyeyi target area, Tororo District: January-April 1990. Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University, 1992.
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Akinwande, Amos Ifeolu. Maternal and post-weaning malnutrition: Low protein Nigerian diets hurt the young brain : an inaugural lecture delivered at the University of Lagos on Wednesday, 24th July, 2002. University of Lagos Press, 2002.
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Bender, David A. 6. Under-nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681921.003.0006.
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Severe under-nutrition is generally associated with developing countries where food is in short supply, affecting some 162 million people world-wide, but malnutrition is also seen in about 2 per cent of the population of developed countries. ‘Under-nutrition’ highlights the three conditions classified as protein-energy malnutrition: marasmus, which affects adults and children; kwashiorkor, which affects young children; and cachexia, which is associated with advanced cancer and other chronic diseases, and involves increased metabolic rate as well as reduced food intake. Malnutrition leads to impaired immune responses, predisposing to infection, and muscle loss resulting in increased fatiguability, inability to work, and falls.
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Hoorweg, Jan C. Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Intellectual Abilities: A Study of Teen-Age Ugandan Children. De Gruyter, Inc., 2019.
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Puntis, John. Nutritional assessment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0003.
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Routine assessment of nutritional status should be part of normal practice when seeing any patient. The purpose is to document objective nutritional parameters (e.g. anthropometry), identify nutritional deficiencies, and establish nutritional needs. Protein–energy malnutrition has many adverse consequences including growth failure (identified by reference to standard growth charts). Worldwide, malnutrition contributes to a third of deaths in children under 5 years of age, and one in nine people don’t have enough food to lead an active and healthy life. In developed countries, malnutrition complicates both acute and chronic illness with negative effects on outcomes. In clinical practice, a useful approach to nutritional assessment is to consider three elements: ‘what you are’ (i.e. body habitus—underweight for height; short for age; etc.), ‘what you can do’ (functional activity), and ‘what you eat’ (current nutritional intake).
Book chapters on the topic "Protein energy malnutrition in young children"
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Gupta, Anil. "Biochemical Parameters and Protein-Energy Malnutrition." In Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367419820-2.
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Gupta, Anil. "Biochemical Parameters and Protein-Energy Malnutrition." In Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367419820-2.
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Desjeux, Jehan-François. "Recent Issues in Energy-Protein Malnutrition in Children." In Protein and Energy Requirements in Infancy and Childhood. KARGER, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000095062.
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Ahmed, Tahmeed, M. Iqbal Hossain, Munirul Islam, AM Shamsir Ahmed, and M. Jobayer Chisti. "Protein-energy Malnutrition in Children." In Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Disease. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-4390-4.00138-7.
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Ahmed, Tahmeed, M. Iqbal Hossain, Munirul Islam, A. M. Shamsir Ahmed, Farzana Afroze, and M. Jobayer Chisti. "Protein-Energy Malnutrition in Children." In Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-55512-8.00143-5.
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Onaleye, Foluke. "Protein Energy Malnutrition in Children." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6067-8.ch017.
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The current management to prevent Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is examined and the use of technological tools such as Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems and mobile solutions are employed to prevent the development of PEM and its complications. Implementation of technological solutions in healthcare is a critical factor in achieving better health outcomes as documented in some parts of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa is behind on the adoption of electronic health records and other health information technology solutions due to several challenges such as lack of funding and infrastructure required to implement its use. Recent studies show that Sub-Saharan Africa is slowly gravitating towards adoption of health information technology particularly EHR systems and mobile solutions because of the need to find solutions to its healthcare crisis. Development of a PEM prevention system using these tools to enhance the current management will improve patient health outcomes and decrease the mortality rate of PEM.
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Barbieri, D., M. A. R. Moreira, Y. K. L. Koda, et al. "Morphometric Quantification of Immunoglobulin-Containing Cells in Jejunal Mucosae of Children with Protein-Energy Malnutrition." In Malnutrition in Chronic Diet-Associated Infantile Diarrhea. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-450020-4.50027-5.
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Roberts, David J., and David J. Weatherall. "Anaemia as a challenge to world health." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Chris Hatton and Deborah Hay. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0533.
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Anaemia is a very common problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): 27% of the world’s population or 1.93 billion people are affected by anaemia (2013) and more than 90% of people with anaemia live in the developing world. Preschool children and women of reproductive age are particularly affected by anaemia and more 60% of anaemia is caused by iron deficiency. Causes of anaemia in LMICs—this is often multifactorial, with causes including (1) nutritional deficiencies—iron, folate, vitamin B<sub>12</sub>; (2) chronic infection—including malaria, tuberculosis, AIDS; (3) blood loss—hookworm, schistosomiasis; (4) protein–energy malnutrition; (5) malabsorption—for example, tropical sprue; (6) hereditary—for example, thalassaemias, haemoglobin variants, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. A series of vicious cycles exist in LMICs—maternal anaemia due to iron or folate deficiency and chronic malaria is associated with the birth of underweight infants who frequently have low iron stores, may also be folate deplete, and are usually anaemic from about 6 months of age. Such infants are prone to infection, particularly gastrointestinal, and may be further depleted of iron or folate by inappropriately prolonged breastfeeding or weaning onto an inadequate diet. They are exposed to hookworm infection as soon as they start to crawl, malaria becomes an important problem after 6 months, and in many populations the increasingly common haemoglobinopathies are a further cause of anaemia after the first few months of life.
Conference papers on the topic "Protein energy malnutrition in young children"
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Rahayu, Atikah, Fahrini Yulidasari, Lia Anggraini, et al. "Energy and Protein Intake-Related Risks Affected the Occurrence of Stunting Among Young Children." In 4th International Symposium on Health Research (ISHR 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200215.063.
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Arini, Diyah, and Dwi Ernawati. "The Analysis on Protein Energy Supply Concerning Stunting Incidents in Young Children Under Five Year Old at Primary Care Unit of Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya." In The 9th International Nursing Conference: Nurses at The Forefront Transforming Care, Science and Research. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008329305960600.
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Wardani, Endah Kusuma, Nurul Eko Widiyastuti, Lutvia Dwi Rofika, and Wahyu Adri Wirawati. "Factors Affecting Stunting among Children Under Five Years of Age in Banyuwangi, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80.
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ABSTRACT Background: Stunting, chronic malnutrition, results from the exposure of the fetus and young child to nutritional deficiency and infectious disease. In Indonesia, 30.8% of children were stunted, in which 26.2% was in East Java and 8.1% Banyuwangi Regency. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting stunting among children under five years of age in Banyuwangi, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Klatak and Wonosobo Community Health Centers, Central Java. a sample of 60 children under five years of age was selected for this study. The study variables were child’s gender, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. The frequency distribution data were reported descriptively. Results: The majority of stunted children under study were male (53.3%). Most of the women were at age 20 to 34 years during pregnancy (58.3%). As many as 73.3% mothers were low educated. Most of the mothers were housewives (85%). 78.3% of women took iron supplement during pregnancy. Most of the children did not have the history of chronic energy deficiency (60%). Most of the children received exclusive breastfeeding (61.7%) and supplementary feeding (65%). Only a few children had the history of infectious disease (6.7%). Conclusion: The characteristics of subjects under study vary with maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. Keywords: stunting, children under five years of age, factors Correspondence: Endah Kusuma Wardani. Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi. Jl. Letkol Istiqlah No. 109, Banyuwangi, East Java, 68422. Email: qsuma89@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282257193736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80