Academic literature on the topic 'Protein sources in animal feed'
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Journal articles on the topic "Protein sources in animal feed"
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de Souza-Vilela, J., N. R. Andrew, and I. Ruhnke. "Insect protein in animal nutrition." Animal Production Science 59, no. 11 (2019): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19255.
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Global meat consumption per capita is expected to increase ~40% from 2019 to 2050. Over 30% of the total cropland worldwide is currently being used to produce either livestock and poultry feed or silage to meet the demand. One solution to reduce cropland use for animal feed is to increase the production of alternative protein sources. The primary protein sources for animal nutrition, including soybeans, peas and fish meal, are of increasing demand and are subsequently becoming more expensive, making their long-term use unsustainable. Insects such as the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), crickets (Gryllus testaceus Walker) or mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) offer a viable addition to the feed sources and can provide valuable, high-quality energy, protein and fat to an animal’s diet. Here, we review the environmental benefits of insect feedstuff, current research findings related to the use of insects for animal nutrition, and outline additional products that can generate benefits to insect producers.
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te Pas, Marinus F. W., Teun Veldkamp, Yvette de Haas, André Bannink, and Esther D. Ellen. "Adaptation of Livestock to New Diets Using Feed Components without Competition with Human Edible Protein Sources—A Review of the Possibilities and Recommendations." Animals 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082293.
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Livestock feed encompasses both human edible and human inedible components. Human edible feed components may become less available for livestock. Especially for proteins, this calls for action. This review focuses on using alternative protein sources in feed and protein efficiency, the expected problems, and how these problems could be solved. Breeding for higher protein efficiency leading to less use of the protein sources may be one strategy. Replacing (part of) the human edible feed components with human inedible components may be another strategy, which could be combined with breeding for livestock that can efficiently digest novel protein feed sources. The potential use of novel protein sources is discussed. We discuss the present knowledge on novel protein sources, including the consequences for animal performance and production costs, and make recommendations for the use and optimization of novel protein sources (1) to improve our knowledge on the inclusion of human inedible protein into the diet of livestock, (2) because cooperation between animal breeders and nutritionists is needed to share knowledge and combine expertise, and (3) to investigate the effect of animal-specific digestibility of protein sources for selective breeding for each protein source and for precision feeding. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics will be important tools.
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Salter, Andrew M., and Carlos Lopez-Viso. "Role of novel protein sources in sustainably meeting future global requirements." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 80, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665121000513.
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Global population growth, increased life expectancy and climate change are all impacting world's food systems. In industrialised countries, many individuals are consuming significantly more protein than needed to maintain health, with the majority being obtained from animal products, including meat, dairy, fish and other aquatic animals. Current animal production systems are responsible for a large proportion of land and fresh-water use, and directly contributing to climate change through the production of greenhouse gases. Overall, approximately 60% of the global protein produced is used for animal and fish feed. Concerns about their impact on both human, and planetary health, have led to calls to dramatically curb our consumption of animal products. Underutilised plants, insects and single-cell organisms are all actively being considered as alternative protein sources. Each present challenges that need to be met before they can become economically viable and safe alternatives for food or feed. Many plant species contain anti-nutritional factors that impair the digestion and absorption of protein and micronutrients. Insects represent a potentially rich source of high-quality protein although, questions remain relating to digestibility, allergenicity and biosecurity. Algae, fungi and bacteria are also a rich source of protein and there is growing interest in the development of ‘cultured meat’ using stem cell technology. For the foreseeable future, it appears likely that the ‘protein-economy’ will remain mixed. The present paper reviews progress and future opportunities in the development of novel protein sources as food and animal feed.
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Luthada-Raswiswi, Rendani, Samson Mukaratirwa, and Gordon O’Brien. "Animal Protein Sources as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Aquaculture Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 3854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093854.
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Fishmeal is the main source of dietary protein for most commercially farmed fish species. However, fishmeal prices have been raised even further because of competition with domestic animals, shortage in world fishmeal supply, and increased demand. Increased fishmeal prices have contributed to the quest for alternatives necessary to replace fishmeal as a global research priority. A literature search was conducted using these terms on Google Scholar and EBSCOhost; fishmeal replacement in fish feeds, fishmeal alternatives in fish feeds, animal protein sources in aquaculture, insects in fish feeds, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products. To calculate the variation between experiments, a random effect model was used. Results indicated that different fish species, sizes, and inclusion levels were used in the various studies and showed that the use of insects, terrestrial by-products, and fishery by-products has some limitations. Despite these drawbacks, the use of animal protein sources as a replacement for fishmeal in fish diets has had a positive impact on the feed conversion ratio, variable growth rate, final weight, and survival rate of different types of fish species of different size groups. Findings also showed that some animal by-products had not been assessed as a protein source in aquaculture or animal feeds, and future studies are recommended.
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Özcan, Mehmet Akif. "Kanatlı Hayvanların Beslenmesinde Kullanılan Yeni Alternatif Protein Kaynakları." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 2, no. 2 (February 19, 2014): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i2.66-70.43.
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Nowadays, the assessment of oilseed plants, biofuels and human food which is indispensable in the future is used widely in poultry feed, soybean inevitable negative effect on the use of mixed feeds. Therefore, as an alternative to soybean sources to reveal a new requirement arises. In recent years, alternative protein sources to leaves, stems, marine algae, bacteria and insects as well as proteins from sources and for use in animal feeding studies are conducted and their performance in poultry studied. In this review, alternative protein sources and their effects on the health status of poultry in different yield and literature will be presented.
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Kim, Sung Woo, John F. Less, Li Wang, Tianhai Yan, Viswanath Kiron, Sadasivam J. Kaushik, and Xin Gen Lei. "Meeting Global Feed Protein Demand: Challenge, Opportunity, and Strategy." Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 7, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 221–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014838.
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Feed protein supplements are one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how the expected expansion of animal production, driven by the rising world population and living standards for more animal-sourced foods, is creating a global shortage of feed protein supply. Because ruminants, chickens, and pigs contribute to 96% of the global supply of animal protein and aquaculture is growing fast, means of meeting the feed protein requirements of these species are elaborated. Geographic variation and interdependence among China, Europe, and North America in the demand and supply of feed protein are compared. The potential and current state of exploration into alternative feed proteins, including microalgae, insects, single-cell proteins, and coproducts, are highlighted. Strategic innovations are proposed to upgrade feed protein processing and assessment, improve protein digestion by exogenous enzymes, and genetically select feed-efficient livestock breeds. An overall successful and sustainable solution in meeting global feed protein demands will lead to a substantial net gain of human-edible animal protein with a minimal environmental footprint.
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Bay-Larsen, Ingrid, Camilla Risvoll, Ingebjørg Vestrum, and Hilde Bjørkhaug. "Local protein sources in animal feed - Perceptions among arctic sheep farmers." Journal of Rural Studies 59 (April 2018): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.02.004.
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Mohana Devi, S., US Devi, and IH Kim. "Evaluation of dietary sources of protein on growth performance in pigs." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 5 (July 15, 2014): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7518-vetmed.
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A 6-week trial was conducted to investigate the effects of animal skin protein sources from swine and cattle on growth performance, body condition and blood characteristics in growing pigs. A total of 96 pigs (23.50 ± 0.61 kg) were randomly allotted into four dietary treatment groups as follows: (1) basal diet (BD); (2) basal diet with 1.5% hydrolysed render meal (HRM); (3) basal diet with 1.5% swine skin meal (SSM); (4) basal diet with 1.5% cattle hide meal (CHM). There were six replicate pens per treatment with four pigs per pen. The average daily gain (ADG) was improved in response to SSM treatment compared with other treatments (P < 0.05). Pigs fed with HRM, SSM and CHM diets showed increases in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and decreased gain-to-feed (G : F) ratios compared with pigs fed with BD (P < 0.05). There were no differences in dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and energy (E) digestibility among treatments. The backfat thickness and lean percentage of pigs was unaffected by the treatments. Similarly, there was no difference in blood characteristics among treatments. In conclusion, the supplementation of SSM in growing pig diets improved the growth rate and Feed Intake (FI), but its usage in swine diets is limited by the poor protein quality.
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Patsios, Sotiris I., Anna Dedousi, Evangelia Ν. Sossidou, and Antonios Zdragas. "Sustainable Animal Feed Protein through the Cultivation of YARROWIA Lipolytica on Agro-Industrial Wastes and by-Products." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041398.
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Proteins are essential constituents of animal feeds, which comprise mainly vegetable protein (e.g., soybean meal), which is produced and transported globally. The decoupling of protein-production and livestock-growth areas results in protein deficiencies in certain parts of the world, and in significant environmental stress. Alternative, more sustainable protein feeds are necessary to meet the increasing needs, and to decrease the environmental footprint of animal products. Yeast Single Cell Proteins (SCP), produced locally using various agro-industrial by-product streams, have significant potential as alternative animal feed protein. Particularly, Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous, non-pathogenic microorganism has been characterized as a “workhorse” in biotechnological studies, drawing the attention of many researchers. The present review summarizes available resources on critical issues concerning the applicability and commercialization of Yarrowia lipolytica as an environment-friendly protein source for animal feed. It discusses the sustainability of the yeast SCP production process, it presents the recent advances concerning Yarrowia lipolytica cultivation on low-cost agro-industrial by-products, and it stresses the effects on the health and welfare of productive animals due to the inclusion of Yarrowia lipolytica in their diet. The data presented in this study should facilitate relative research advancement and the commercialization of Yarrowia lipolytica’s use as an alternative protein source/supplement for animal feeds.
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Iegorov, В., A. Makarynska, and N. Vorona. "QUALITY EVALUATION OF PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVE AND TURKEY COMPOUND FEED." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 20, no. 3 (October 21, 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v20i3.1848.
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The article describes that there is a problem of providing the population of the planet with a complete protein in the world today. It is proved that its lack can lead to significant pathologies. This issue becomes very acute with the rapid increase in the number of people on Earth. In this situation the challenge is complicated for compound feed producers because it is necessary to provide protein feeds to farm animals and poultry to meet people's needs for animal protein products. However, feed manufacturers should not use protein raw materials that can be consumed as food. Based on cooperation with compound feed producers, the task of finding alternative sources of protein raw materials, preferably of vegetable origin, is set. The optimal composition of protein feed additive (PFA) for soybean meal replacement in compound feeds for farm animals and poultry has been developed. PFA can be manufactured at a feed mill with portion technology by weighing portions of components and mixing in a paddle periodic action mixer. PFA can be used as a part of compound feeds for poultry farms and livestock complexes, feed concentrates for poultry and livestock farms, feed mills with advanced technology, inter-farm or mini-feed mills. We have developed compound feed recipes for heavy type turkeys using PFA to determine the cost-effectiveness of using PFA in compound feed. Turkeys have been chosen as a poultry because they are the most demanding birds to the quality and quantity of protein in the ration. The experimental samples of PFA were made in accordance with the developed recipes. We determined their physical properties and chemical composition. The PFA experimental samples match the quality of soybean meal according to the physical properties and chemical composition. In accordance with the developed recipes of mixed feeds for heavy type turkeys experimental samples of starter and grower feeds were made. Research of the physical properties and chemical composition of compound feeds has shown that the replacement of soybean meal with PFA in their composition does not affect the nutritional value and technological properties of the final product.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protein sources in animal feed"
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Dominguez-Bello, Maria Gloria. "Microbial ecophysiology in the rumen of sheep fed tropical forages." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257608.
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In Venezuela, four sheep fitted with rumen cannulas were fed the toxin-containing legumes Leucaena leucocephala (sun dried leaves and stems) and Canavalia ensiformis (grains). L. leucocephala did not have any apparent toxic effects on the animals, in spite of the presence of the toxic compounds 3,4 DHP and 2,3 DHP in the rumen. There were no significant effects on the rumen pH, concentrations of VFAs, microbial counts, rate of rice straw degradation or in the rumen outflow of liquids and solids. However, there was an increase in the concentration of ammonia in the rumen, and in the number of Gram negative rods isolated from the rumen of sheep when L. leucocephala was added to the diet. When C. ensiformis was supplemented the presence of canavanine in the rumen was confirmed. Sheep did not show signs of toxicity. There was no effect on rumen pH, microbial counts, degradation of rice straw or rates of outflow of liquids and solids from the rumen. There was a decrease in the rumen concentrations of valerate and ammonia and an increase in the numbers of Gram negative bacteria isolated from the rumen of sheep as the dietary inclusion of Canavalia increased. Several pure cultures capable of mimosine, 2,4 DHP and (in fewer cases) 3,4 DHP wre isolated. One of them, a Gram variable spore-forming rod, presumably a new species of Clostridium, was characterised. The presence of degraders of mimosine and DHP in the rumen presumably accounted for the lack of toxicity of L. leucocephala in Venezuela. The effect of canavanine on the growth and products of fermentation of pure cultures was independent of the Gram staining reaction and the results of experiments using media containing either peptides and amino acids or free amino acids alone suggest that canavanine may have an effect on peptide hydrolysis.
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Lloyd, Ruth Marie. "Fungal mycelium from penicillin and G production : an alternative protein source for animal production?" Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247903.
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Oliveira, Maria Isabel Ferraz de. "Enzyme treated Lupinus spp. seeds as an alternative source of protein for broilers." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU603186.
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The studies reported in this thesis were carried out to evaluate the effects of enzyme treatment on the nutritive value of three lupin species (L. luteus, L. albus and L. angustifolius) and evaluate their suitability as a source of protein for growing broilers. Some preliminary in vitro work on the effect of quinolizidine alkaloids on bacteria from poultry excreta was carried out. Furthermore the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as an alternative technique for assessing the chemical composition and nutritive value (such as metabolizable energy and digestibilities) was investigated. Compositional analyses of the various lupins, fractions and diets were conducted. The chemical composition of the lupin seeds used in this study showed a high crude protein content and a variable content in ether extract and neutral detergent fibre. The alkaloid content of the seeds was determined and allowed the classification of the lupin into bitter (L. luteus cv Cardiga), semi-sweet (L. albus cv Estoril) and sweet (L. albus from France and L. angustifolius from Australia) seeds. Alkaloids from lupins decrease feed consumption and may affect the digestive capacity of the animal. A preliminary study on the effects of sparteine and alkaloids extracted from L. luteus seeds on bacteria from poultry excreta indicated that extracts of alkaloids from L. luteus had an inhibitory effect on coliform growth that was not, however, as great as that of sparteine. Sparteine, essentially prevented growth of coliforms at concentrations of 10 g dm-3. Lactobacilli were apparently not directly affected by the lupin extract of alkaloid or the isolated sparteine. This in vitro work suggests that it may be possible to influence the gut microflora in a beneficial manner by using the appropriate concentration of the appropriate alkaloids. A set of tube feeding experiments (by gavage) were carried out to evaluate the effect of different enzymes on the nutritive value of L. luteus (cv. Cardiga) and L. albus (cv. Estoril) seeds. The first experiment was a preliminary one which allowed the modification of the tube feeding assay in order to suit the characteristics of the test materials used in this study. The following six experiments tested the effects of pre-incubation, as a wet mash, of a polygalacturonase, five proteases, a pectinase and an [Special character omitted]-galactosidase at variable levels, on the nutritive value of L. luteus (cv Cardiga) and L. albus (cv. Estoril). The nutritive value of the lupin seeds was evaluated essentially by measuring metabolizable energy (ME) and amino acid (AA) digestibilities. Results indicated that L. albus seeds, irrespective of enzyme treatment, had a higher ME expressed as TMEn than L. luteus seeds. Carbohydrase containing enzyme preparations, caused variable improvements in the ME value of lupin seeds. Polygalacturonase caused a significant increase in the ME of L. luteus seeds, which may have been mediated by an increase in protein digestibility as shown by improvements in the AA digestibility. Increased concentrations of pectinase tended to be more effective in the improvement of ME of L. albus, while increasing concentrations of a-galactosidase were so for L. luteus. The fact that the carbohydrases acted differently upon the two lupin species was probably due to their different concentration in constituent carbohydrates. Pre-incubation with exogenous proteases decreased the ME of the lupin seeds. The reasons for the depression were not clear, however high concentrations of proteases, expressed as U kg-1 of lupin seeds, may have interfered with the gastro intestinal tract and also with the endogenous enzymes of the bird resulting in reduced utilisation of the pre-incubated material. A growth experiment was design to investigate the effects of the inclusion of L. luteus (cv. Cardiga), L. albus (from France) or L. angustifolius (from Australia) as the main or secondary source of protein in diets for growing broilers. Lupin seeds were either pre-incubated as a wet mash, or the lupin containing diets were supplemented with a carbohydrase, a protease or a mixture of both. Diets were fed to the animals over a three week period. The results obtained tended to support the hypothesis that the enzymes had little effect on the other dietary ingredients but had their main effects on the lupins in the diets.
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Zakayo, Griffin A. "Evaluation of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal as a protein source for growing-finishing pigs." Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13519.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the use of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) as a protein supplement for pigs. In addition, an evaluation of detoxifying LLM, by sun-drying, water-soaking, or treating with ferrous sulphate (FeS04) solution was undertaken. The research involved two experiments; a growth study and a metabolic study. In the growth study sixteen, 12 weeks old Large White x Landrace pigs (average body weight 22.9 ± 2.12 kg) were fed four experimental rations; a commercial grain-based grower /finisher ration (control); or a ration containing 20% of either sun-dried LLM, water-soaked LLM, or FeS04-treated LLM, replacing the basal diet. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in liveweight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in pigs fed the ration containing sun-dried LLM. Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency were not affected by the addition of water-soaked and FeS04-treated LLM to the basal diet. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels in the blood plasma were not affected by the dietary treatments. However, addition of FeS04-treated LLM to the basal diet significantly (P<0.05) decreased the back fat thickness of the pigs. In the metabolic study, the digestible dry matter (DDM) and digestible CP (DCP) were measured as well as mimosine, 3-hydroxy-4-(1H) pyridone (3,4-DHP) and 2,3DHP output in the faeces and urine.Addition of water-soaked LLM to the diet significantly (P<0.05) lowered the DDM of the diet, whereas addition of FeS04-treated LLM significantly (P<0.05) reduced the DCP. Sun-drying, water-soaking and treatment of LLM with FeS04 solution, did not enhance the output of mimosine or 3,4-DHP in the urine and faeces. The results suggest that water soaking or treatment with FeS04 solution reduces the antinutritional factors (presumably including mimosine) and therefore improves the nutritional quality of LLM containing diets for pigs.
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Griffiths, Jeanne Berdine. "The effect of extrusion on the degradability parameters of various vegetable protein sources." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16333.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of extrusion, as a method of heat treatment, on the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability parameters of various vegetable protein sources commonly used in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The feedstuffs used were lupins (LUP), full fat soybeans (SB), full fat canola seeds (FCS), soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM) and sunflower meal (SFM). In the first trial, the degradability parameters were determined according to an in sacco degradability procedure. Four non-lactating Holstein cows, fitted with rumen cannulae, were used in the trial and all cows received the same basal lactation diet. The samples were incubated in dacron bags and bags were removed at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 hours. Dry matter and CP disappearance values were determined and fitted to a onecompartment model by means of an iterative least-square procedure in order to determine the DM and CP degradability parameters. Results indicated that extrusion significantly lowered the effective degradability of the DM-fraction (20.1% on average) of all the feedstuffs, except LUP, and the effective degradability of CP in all the raw materials (27% on average). The second trial was an in vitro degradability trial that ran parallel with the in sacco degradability trial and was done with the aid of a DaisyII Incubator (ANKOM Technology Corp., Fairport, NY). The same feedstuffs were tested in both trials. A composited sample of rumen liquor from two of the cows used in the in sacco trial was used for in vitro incubation of the samples. The data obtained in this trial were analyzed in a similar way to that of the in sacco trial. Due to a limited amount of residue left after incubation, CP disappearance could not be calculated at each time interval for SB and SBM in the in vitro trial. In this case, actual disappearance values after 8h were used to compare treatments. Extrusion significantly lowered the effective degradability (as determined in vitro) of DM in all the feedstuffs tested (16.8% on average), as well as the effective degradability of CP in LUP, FCS, CM and SFM (21.8% on average). A comparison of the actual disappearance values after 8 hours incubation indicated that extrusion also lowered the rate of CP disappearance for SB and SBM. The values obtained in the in vitro trial and those from the in sacco trial, for the same feedstuffs, were compared. It appeared as if the in vitro determined values were overestimations of the in sacco determined values. A regression analysis showed a high correlation between the actual in vitro CP disappearance values after 8h incubation and in sacco determined effective degradability values. The third part of this study was a set of chemical analysis to determine the effect of extrusion on certain nitrogen fractions of the feedstuffs tested in the above mentioned trials. Solubility in a mineral buffer solution was determined to estimate the potential rumen degradability of the protein. The buffer insoluble nitrogen (BIN) fraction of all the feedstuffs, except FCS, was significantly increased by extrusion. Extrusion lowered the acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) content of all feedstuffs, except FCS, which could imply that the temperature reached during extrusion (115°C - 120°C) was not high enough to cause damage to the protein. The neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) fraction of extruded SB, SBM, CM and SFM was significantly higher than that of the raw feedstuffs. Extrusion left the NDIN-fraction of FCS and LUP unaltered. Comparison of the NDIN : ADIN ratio of extruded with that of the raw feedstuffs provided reason to believe that extrusion had a positive effect on all feedstuffs (except FCS). Extrusion appears to be a useful method to decrease rumen degradation of vegetable protein sources, without causing heat damage. Furthermore, this means that protein sources of which the use have been limited due to its high rumen degradable protein (RDP) content, could be included in diets at higher levels following extrusion. The protein sources mentioned are also good sources of energy and the combination of energy and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in the diet of the high-producing dairy cow could only be beneficial.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van ekstrusie op die droëmateriaal (DM) en ruproteïen (RP)-degradeerbaarheidsparameters van verskeie plantaardige proteïenbronne wat algemeen in die Wes-Kaap (RSA), gebruik word, te bepaal. Ekstrusie is ‘n metode van hitteprosessering wat algemeen gebruik word deur plaaslike en internasionale veevoervervaardigers. Die volgende grondstowwe is geëvalueer: lupiene, volvet sojabone, volvet canolasaad, sojaboon-oliekoekmeel, canola-oliekoekmeel en sonneblom-oliekoekmeel. In die eerste proef is die degradeerbaarheidsparameters met behulp van ‘n in sacco studie bepaal. Vier droë Holstein koeie met rumen kannulas is in die studie gebruik en al vier koeie het dieselfde basale dieet ontvang. Monsters is in dacronsakkies geïnkubeer en die sakkies is uit die rumen verwyder na onderskeidelik 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 en 48 uur intervalle. Die waardes van DM- en RP- verdwyning is bereken en dan met ‘n iteratiewe kleinste kwadraat prosedure op ‘n een-kompartement model gepas om die in sacco DM- en RPdegradeerbaarheidsparameters te bepaal. Die resultate van die studie het getoon dat ekstrusie die effektiewe degradeerbaarheid van die DM-fraksie van al die grondstowwe, behalwe lupiene, betekenisvol verlaag het (met gemiddeld 20.1%), asook die effektiewe degradeerbaarheid van die RP-fraksie van al die grondstowwe (met gemiddeld 27%). Die tweede proef was ‘n in vitro-degradeerbaarheidsstudie wat met behulp van ‘n ANKOM DaisyII Inkubeerder uitgevoer is en wat parallel met die in sacco-studie gedoen is. Dieselfde grondstowwe is in beide proewe geëvalueer. ‘n Saamgestelde monster van die rumenvloeistof van twee van die koeie wat vir die in sacco-studie gebruik is, is gebruik vir die in vitro-inkubasie van die monsters. Data-verwerking is op ‘n soortgelyke wyse as dié van die in sacco-studie uitgevoer. As gevolg van ‘n beperkte hoeveelheid residu na afloop van die inkubasies, kon die RP-verdwyning vir volvet sojabone en sojaboon oliekoekmeel nie bereken word nie. In hierdie geval is waargenome verdwyningswaardes na 8h gebruik om behandelings te vergelyk. Hierdie studie het getoon dat ekstrusie die effektiewe degradeerbaarheid van DM (soos in vitro bepaal) in al die getoetste grondstowwe betekenisvol verlaag het (met gemiddeld 16.8%). Die effektiewe degradeerbaarheid van RP in lupiene, volvet canola saad, canola oliekoekmeel en sonneblom oliekoekmeel is ook betekenisvol verlaag (met gemiddeld 21.8%). ‘n Vergelyking van die oorspronklike verdwyningswaardes van volvet sojabone en sojaboon oliekoekmeel na ‘n inkubasieperiode van 8 ure het ook getoon dat ekstrusie die tempo van RP-verdwyning uit die rumen vertraag het. Die in sacco- en in vitro-bepaalde waardes vir elke grondstof is vergelyk en dit kom voor asof die in vitro-waardes oorskattings van die in sacco-waardes is. ‘n Regressie-analise het verder getoon dat daar ‘n hoë korrelasie was tussen die waargenome in vitro RPverdwyningswaardes na 8 ure inkubasie en die beraamde effektiewe degradeerbaarheid, soos in sacco bepaal. Die derde deel van die studie was ‘n stel chemiese analises wat uitgevoer is om die effek van ekstrusie op sekere stikstof (N)-fraksies van die grondstowwe, wat in bogenoemde proewe gebruik is, te bepaal. Die oplosbaarheid van N in ‘n mineraal-bufferoplossing kan gebruik word as aanduiding van die potensiële rumendegradeerbaarheid van die proteïen. Die bufferonoplosbare N-fraksie van al die grondstowwe (behalwe volvet canolasaad) is betekenisvol verlaag deur ekstrusie. Ekstrusie het ook die suur-onoplosbare N-fraksie (ADIN) van al die grondstowwe (behalwe volvet canolasaad) betekenisvol verlaag. Dit kan moontlik daarop dui dat die temperatuur wat tydens ekstrusie (115°C - 120°C) bereik is, nie hoog genoeg was om die proteïen in die grondstowwe te beskadig nie. Ekstrusie het die N-fraksie wat onoplosbaar was in ‘n neutrale oplossing (NDIN) betekenisvol verhoog in volvet sojabone, sojaboonoliekoekmeel, canola-oliekoekmeel en sonneblom-oliekoekmeel en dit onveranderd gelaat in lupiene en volvet canolasaad). Die verhouding van NDIN : ADIN van die geëkstrueerde grondstowwe is vergelyk met dié van die rou grondstowwe. Dit blyk dat ekstrusie wel ‘n positiewe effek op al die grondstowwe (behalwe volvet canolasaad) gehad het. Dit wil dus voorkom asof ekstrusie wel aangewend kan word om die rumendegradeerbaarheid van plantaardige proteïenbronne te verlaag sonder om die protein te beskadig. Dit kan daartoe lei dat proteïenbronne waarvan die gebruik voorheen beperk was as gevolg van die hoë rumen-degradeerbare proteïen-inhoud daarvan nou wel in rantsoene ingesluit kan word na die ekstrusie daarvan. Die proteïenbronne, soos genoem, is ook redelike bronne van energie en die kombinasie van energie en rumen nie-degradeerbare proteïen in die rantsoen van die hoog-produserende melkkoei kan slegs voordelig wees.
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Chaudhry, Saeed Mukhtar. "Processing and nutritional value of poultry litter and slaughter house by-product." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115004/.
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Pine, Harvey J. Daniels William H. "Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal as a protein source in sunshine bass, Morone chyrsops x Morone saxatilis, diets." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/PINE_HARVEY_41.pdf.
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Visagie, Willem. "The digestibility and degradability of feeds and protein sources in Dohne merino sheep and boer goats." Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5303.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate Dohne Merino sheep and Boer goats in terms of the degradable parameters of a high-fibre diet, a low-fibre diet and two vegetable protein sources commonly used in South Africa. Differences between species were evaluated following the potential differences within species. The feedstuffs used were those for the following diets: low-fibre diet (LF); high-fibre diet (HF); sunflower meal (SFM) oilcake; and soybean meal (SBM) oilcake. In the first trial, the digestible characteristics of the HF and LF diets were determined by means of a digestibility study. A 6 × 6 Latin square design was used to determine whether Dohne Merino sheep or Boer goat wethers differ regarding the digestibility characteristics of low- and high-fibre diets. The diets were fed once daily at 1.24 kg to all the wethers, which had ad libitum access to fresh water. Each period consisted of 10 days of adaptation and seven days of faecal and urinary sampling. The results indicated that the intake and digestibility characteristics of nutrients did not differ between sheep and goats. However, the different diets differed in terms of the nutrient intake and digestibility range of sheep and goats. The second trial was an in sacco degradability trial to determine the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of the LF, HF, SBM and SFM diets. Six Dohne Merino and six Boer goat wethers were fitted with rumen cannulae so that they could be used in the trial. All wethers received the same basal diet. The samples were incubated in the rumen in polyester Dacron bags, with the bags being removed at intervals of 0h, 3h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h for the LF and HF diets. All the oilcake was removed at intervals of 0h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 16h, 24h, 36h and 48h. The sheep and goats were found not to differ from one another in terms of effective degradability of any of the feedstuffs concerned. However, within species differences were observed. To establish a fully integrated outcome of degradability, the study described in the current thesis was structured in such a way that the in vitro trial ran parallel with the in sacco trial, being performed with the aid of a Daisy Incubator (ANKOM Technology Corp., Fairport, NY). Such a procedure was only adopted in relation to the SFM and SBM diets in order to evaluate their in vitro data in relation to the in sacco data. The same oilcake was tested in the case of both trials, with the composite sample of rumen liquid of four sheep or goats, which was used in the in sacco trial, also being used in the in vitro study. In the study, DM disappearance values were determined and fitted to a single-compartment model by means of an iterative least-square procedure in order to determine the DM and CP degradability parameters. The DM used in vitro or in sacco was compared, using the actual values obtained after 8h incubation, due to only a limited amount of residue being left after incubation. In the study, the in vitro method overestimated the digestibility of SBM by 37% to 39% and the digestibility of SFM by 17% to 20% compared with that found to occur in the in sacco method. In vitro DM disappearance values for all SBM samples were found to be higher than those that were detected in the SFM samples. The percentage of in vitro true digestibility parameters was also calculated. No significant differences were found between species for effective degradability, though differences were observed within species between the two substrates concerned. In conclusion, the sheep and goats used in the study were not found to differ in terms of digestion parameters when they were compared on different types of roughage or protein sources. However, within species differences were, indeed, found to occur. Sheep and goats digested the SBM better than they did the SFM.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of Dohne Merino skape verskil van Boerbokke in terme van degradeerbaarheidsparameters van ‘n hoë vesel-, ‘n lae veseldieët en twee plantaardige proteïenbronne wat algemeen in Suid-Afrika gebruik word. Die verskille tussen spesies is ge-evalueer en daarna die potensiële verskille binne spesies. Die volgende grondstowwe is geëvalueer: ‘n laevesel-dieët (LF), ‘n hoëvesel-dieët (HF), sonneblom-oliekoekmeel (SFM) en sojaboon-oliekoekmeel (SBM). In die eerste proef is die degradeerbaarheidsparameters van die HF dieët en die LF dieët met behulp van ‘n verteerbaarheidstudie bepaal. Dohne Merino hamels of Boerbok kapaters was gebruik om te bepaal of skape en bokke verskil in terme van inname en degradeerbaarheid van voedingstowwe wanneer hul hoë- en lae vesel voere gevoer word. Al die hamels en kapaters het ad libitum toegang tot vars water gehad en hul was een keer per dag (1.24 kg) gevoer. Elke periode het bestaan uit ‘n 10 dag aanpassingsperiode en ‘n toegelate 7 dae vir mis- en urienmonster versameling. Die resultate het aangedui dat die inname- en degradeerbaarheidsparameters van nutriënte beinvloed word deur verskillende diëte binne spesies. Geen verskille is gevind tussen spesies wanneer daar hoë- en lae kwaliteit voere gevoer is nie. Die tweede proef was ‘n in sacco-degradeerbaarheidsstudie om te bepaal wat die droë materiaal (DM) en ruproteïen (RP) verteerbaarheidsparameters van die HF dieët, die LF dieët, die SBM en die SFM is. Ses Dohne Merino’s en ses Boer bokke met rumen kanullas is in die studie gebruik en al die diere het dieselfde basale dieët ontvang. Die monsters is in die rumen geïnkubeer in poliester dakronsakkies en die sakkies is verwyder na onderskeidelik 0 uur, 3 uur, 9 uur, 12 uur, 24 uur, 48 uur, 72 uur en 96 uur intervalle. Laasgenoemde intervalle was geldig vir die lae vesel- en hoëveseldieët. Die oliekoeke se intervalle het verskil en is verwyder na 0 uur, 2 uur, 4 uur, 8 uur, 12 uur, 16 uur, 24 uur, 36 uur en 48 uur. Daar was geen verskille tussen spesies in effektiewe degradeerbaarheid nie, alhoewel verskille voorgekom het binne spesies. Skape verteer veselagtige grondstowwe meer effektief terwyl bokke weer hoë proteïn bevattende grondstowwe beter verteer. Om ‘n volkome geïntegreede uitkoms van degradeerbaarheid te bewerkstellig is die in vitro proef en die in sacco proef gelyktydig gedoen. Die in vitro-degradeerbareheidstudie is met behulp van ‘n ANKOM Daisy Inkubeerder uitgevoer (ANKOM Tegnologie Korp., Fairport, NY) vir net die oliekoek behandelings. Gedurende die studie is dieselfde oliekoeke gebruik. ‘n Saamgestelde monster van die rumenvloeistof van vier van die skape of bokke wat vir die in sacco-studie gebruik was, is gebruik vir die in vitro-inkubasie van die monsters. DM verdwyningparameters is bereken en dan met ‘n interaktiewe kleinste kwadraat prosedure op ‘n een-kompartement model gepas om die in sacco DMdegradeerbaarheidsparameters te bepaal. Die DM verdwyning, na 8h inkubasie, was gebruik om die in vitro en die in sacco metodes met mekaar te vergelyk, weens ‘n beperkte residu na die afloop van die elke inkubasiestudie. Tydens die studie het die in vitro metode degradering oorskat in vergelyking met die in sacco metode. DM verdwyningswaardes vir al die SBM monsters was hoër in vitro as die SFM monsters. In die studie is die persentasie in vitro ware degradeerbaarheidswaardes bereken. Geen verskille is opgemerk tussen spesies vir effektiewe degradeerbaarheid nie. Daar was wel verskille binne spesies. Om af te sluit het dit voorgekom dat skape en bokke nie verskil aan degradeerbaarheidswaardes wanneer daar ‘n vergelyking was tussen verskillende vesels- en proteϊenbronne nie, alhoewel verskille voorgekom het binne spesies. Skape en bokke het SBM effektief beter verteer as SFM.
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Felton, Eugene Edward Deane. "Feeding soybeans as a source of protein and fat in grow-finish rations for feedlot steers /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052171.
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Pretorius, Charne. "The effect of highly digestible carbohydrate and protein sources included in pre-starter diets of broilers on their performance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6574.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In recent years, the aim of the production of broilers became more focused on the increase of the performance of the birds in order to increase profit. To obtain an increased performance with broiler chicks, it is necessary to look at the development of their gastrointestinal tract, the feed requirements and the ability to digest certain nutrients in the period post hatch. Research have shown clear evidence of increased performance of chicks by the inclusion of certain carbohydrate and protein sources in the prestarter diets, but in contrast to this there are also some research that found no significant effects on the performance of broilers when certain carbohydrate and protein sources were included in the pre-starter diet. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that a product containing specific carbohydrate and protein sources, included in the pre-starter diets of broiler chicks, would have on their performance. It was believed that the products to be tested would result in increased performance of the chicks in the following growth phases. Special emphasis was placed on the average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, cumulative feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), European production efficiency factor (EPEF) and the protein efficiency ratio. Different inclusion levels of the different raw materials were investigated in the first trial. Three raw materials and a control were compared using a summit dilution process at 100:0, 66:34, 50:50, 34:66 and 0:100. Specific production parameters such as ADG total live weight gain, feed intake per week, cumulative feed intake, FCR, EPEF and PER were measured and calculated in order to determine if there were any significant differences between the treatments with the different raw material inclusions on the performance of the chicks. No significant differences (P>0.05) were found between the 13 treatments for the ADG, total live weight gain, feed intake per week, cumulative feed intake, FCR, EPEF and PER. The results therefore indicated that there were no significant differences between the different inclusion levels of the different raw materials and no significant differences for the production parameters for animals receiving diets with various levels of the three raw materials. It is thus concluded that these raw materials can be successfully utilised in pre-starter diets of broiler chicks. The effect of the contribution of sugar to the metabolisable energy (ME) of the raw materials was tested in a commercial grower trial. The three raw materials had inclusion levels leading to supply of either 12% or 18% of the ME in the form of sugar. No significant differences were found between the seven treatments for ADG, total live weight gain, feed intake per week, cumulative feed intake, FCR, EPEF or the PER. It was concluded that the percentage in contribution of sugars between 12 and 18% to the ME of the prestarter diets had no significant effects on the production parameters tested.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die produksie van braaikuikens word daar deesdae al hoe meer klem gelê op die verhoging van die produksie van die kuikens om dan dus ‘n verhoging in die wins te bewerkstellig. Om hierdie verhoogde produksie by braaikuikens te kan bereik, is dit nodig om na eienskappe van die kuiken soos die ontwikkeling van die spysvertering stelsel, die nutrient- behoeftes van die kuiken en die vermoë om sekere nutriënte te kan verteer in die periode na uitbroei. Sommige navorsing het gewys dat die insluiting van sekere koolhidraat – en proteïen bronne in die voor-aanvangs diëete van braaikuikens, lei tot ‘n positiewe effek op die produksie van die kuikens, waar ander navorsing geen effek gevind het nie. Daarom was die doel van die huidige navorsing gewees om te toets wat die effek van die insluiting in die voor-aanvangs dieet van braaikuikens ‘n sekere produk met ‘n spesifieke koolhidraat –en proteïen bron samestelling op die produksie van die kuikens sal wees in die daaropvolgende fases. Dit was verwag dat die insluiting van hierdie produkte in die voor-aanvangs diëte van braaikuikens ‘n positiewe effek sou hê op die produksie van die kuikens. Spesiale klem was gelê op die parameters soos gemiddelde daaglikse toename (GDT) voer inname, kumulatiewe voer inname, voeromset verhoudings (VOV) Europese produksie doeltreffendheids- faktor (EPEF) en die proteïen doeltreffendheids faktor (PER). Verskillende insluitings vlakke van die verskillende produkte wat getoets is, is in die eerste proef ondersoek. Die drie produkte is deur middel van ‘n piek verdunnings proses by verhoudings van 100:0, 66:34, 50:50, 34:66 en 0:100 met mekaar vergelyk. Spesifieke produksie- parameters soos die GDT, lewende massa, weeklikse voer- inname, kumulatiewe voer- inname, VOV, EPEF en die PER is gemeet. Geen betekenisvolle verskille (P>0.05) was vir die 13 behandelings verkry nie. Die resultate het derhalwe getoon dat daar geen betekenisvolle verskille tussen die verskillende insluitings vlakke van die onderskeie produkte was nie en dat daar geen betekenisvolle tussen die produksieparameters van die kuikens wat die diëte met die verskillende insluitingspeile van die drie roumateriale ontvand het, was nie. Daarom is tot die slotsom gekom dat hierdie roumateriale suksesvol in die vooraanvangsdieet van braaikuikens aangewend kan word. Die effek van die bydrae van die suiker tot die metaboliseerbare energie (ME) van die produkte was in ‘n kommersiële groei proef getoets. Die drie rou materiale was by beide 12- en 18% ingesluit. Geen betekenisvolle verskille (P>0.05) was vir die sewe behandelings vir GDT, lewende massa, weeklikse voer- inname, kumulatiewe voer- inname, VOV, EPEF en PEF verkry nie.
Books on the topic "Protein sources in animal feed"
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., ed. Protein sources for the animal feed industry: Expert consultation and workshop, Bangkok, 29 April - 3 May 2002. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.
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C, Février, Institut national de la recherche agronomique (France), European Association for Animal Production., and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Workshop on protein feed for animal production in Central and Eastern Europe: Rennes, France, 30 June-1 July 2000. Wageningen: Wageningen Pers, 2001.
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(Editor), Chhorn Lim, Carl D. Webster (Editor), and Cheng-Sheng (Editor), eds. Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets. Haworth Food & Agricultural Products Press, 2008.
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Forage legumes and other local protein sources as substitutes for imported protein meals: Seminar proceedings, Kingston, Jamaica, 1-4 December 1987. Wageningen-Ede, The Netherlands: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, 1988.
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Bako, Sunday Paul, and Frank Olwari, eds. Promoting Non-Animal Protein Sources in Sub-Saharan Africa. Peter Lang D, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-02059-5.
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Moleko, Mmamolelekeng Mmaseobi. Effect of protein solubility on in vitro digestion of wheat straw diets. 1985.
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Avila, David M. De. Effects of the level or type of protein supplementation on nitrogen utilization of ammonia-treated or untreated wheat straw diets. 1985.
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Rangngang, Mahi Baddu. Metabolizable protein requirement for growth of steers grazing irrigated pasture. 1991.
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Hudson, Meaghan. Protein Diets: Nutritional Sources, Health Benefits and Intake Recommendations. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Protein sources in animal feed"
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Pereira, M. L. A., A. B. Santos, A. J. Del Rei, J. F. Cruz, P. J. P. Almeida, T. C. J. Pereira, E. J. Santos, and C. A. M. Peixoto. "Excretion of purine derivatives and nitrogen compounds in lactating goats fed other protein sources." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 95–96. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_21.
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Barszcz, M., M. Taciak, A. Tuśnio, E. Święch, Ł. Staśkiewicz, and J. Skomiał. "Microbial activity in the large intestine of piglets fed diets with different sources of inulin." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 379–80. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_134.
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Taciak, M., M. Barszcz, A. Tuśnio, E. Święch, Ł. Staśkiewicz, and J. Skomial. "Microbial activity in the large intestine of chickens fed diets containing different sources of inulin-type fructans." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 375–76. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_132.
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Dryden, Gordon McL. "Nutrients and important feed constituents and their functions." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 1–12. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0001.
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Abstract This chapter describes the characteristics of animal feed that make them a valuable source of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, trace elements and other nutrients, as well as how animals use these nutrients, nutrition physiology, production responses to feeding and nutritional disorders.
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Abioja, M. O., and J. A. Abiona. "Impacts of Climate Change to Poultry Production in Africa: Adaptation Options for Broiler Chickens." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 275–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_111.
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AbstractGlobal climate change poses a great threat to poultry production. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are released through both natural and anthropogenic sources into the atmosphere. Though poultry production contributes little to the release of GHGs, the subsector has been shown to be greatly affected by climate change and global warming. Poultry production as a major subsector of agriculture has provided the teeming population with a supply of needed animal protein in terms of meat and egg production all over the world. It is yet a major global employer of labor. Though it occupies a vantage position in meeting human needs, it is being threatened by climate change, especially in Africa where necessary structure to tackle the menace is nonexistent. Broiler chickens that are reared mainly for chicken meat cannot tolerate the high ambient temperature that prevails mostly in the tropical environment. Chickens are homeotherms that homeostatically regulate core body temperature within a narrow range. Elevated ambient temperature above thermal comfort zone, such as envisaged in climate change scenarios, will trigger series of neuroendocrine modulations that are detrimental to the welfare and productivity in broiler chickens. Such birds are said to be undergoing heat stress (HS). Negative effects of HS include reduced feed consumption, growth rate, feed digestion and efficiency, immunity, welfare, and survivability. Various adaptive measures that could be harnessed by broiler farmers, ranging from housing, feeding, watering, stocking, breeding for thermo-tolerant strains, thermal conditioning, use of phytochemicals, and much more, are reviewed upon in this chapter.
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Delgado, Amélia Martins, Salvatore Parisi, and Maria Daniel Vaz Almeida. "Fish, Meat and Other Animal Protein Sources." In Chemistry of the Mediterranean Diet, 177–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29370-7_7.
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Jessen, Flemming, Tune Wulff, Jeanett Bach Mikkelsen, Grethe Hyldig, and HenrikHauch Nielsen. "Vegetable based fish feed changes protein expression in muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." In Farm animal proteomics, 134–37. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-751-6_31.
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Bals, Bryan D., Bruce E. Dale, and Venkatesh Balan. "Recovery of Leaf Protein for Animal Feed and High-Value Uses." In Biorefinery Co-Products, 179–97. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470976692.ch9.
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Lima, A. R. C., K. T. Resende, I. A. M. A. Teixeira, T. F. V. Bompadre, R. T. S. Frighetto, and M. H. M. R. Fernandes. "Methane emission and digestibility of goats subjected to feed restriction." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production, 119–20. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_32.
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Ahlstrøm, Ø., M. Tjernsbekk, and A.-H. Tauson. "Protein digestibility of some traditional and new feed ingredients for mink." In Proceedings of the Xth International Scientific Congress in fur animal production, 19–24. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-760-8_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Protein sources in animal feed"
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Markovic, Goran, Milomirka Madic, and Jelena Pantovic. "UPOTREBNA VREDNOST RAZLIČITIH ŽITARICA ZA ISHRANU ŠARANSKIH RIBA (CYPRINIDAE)." In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.183m.
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Wheat and corn are main source of carbohydrates in the human and domestic animals diet. Growing need for the production of quality proteins dictates the use of other cereals for this purpose. Cyprinids (Cyprinidae) are the most common fish in world aquaculture. In the numerous experiments were performed with the replacement of wheat and corn with other cereals in feed mixtures for these species. It has been established that the value of cereals for this purpose can be ranked: wheat > triticale > corn > barley > rye > sorghum > millet.
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G. Vaze, Rutuja, Annamma Odaneth, and Arvind M Lali. "Replacement of conventional nitrogen sources with non animal protein hydrolysates for cell growth." In Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2489_biotech15.07.
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Сорокин, Александр, Alexander Sorokin, Валентина Руцкая, and Valentina Ruckaya. "LUPIN AS THE BASE FOR PROTEIN COMPONENT OF FEED MIX FOR POULTRY." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-110-115.
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The article presents the data of domestic and foreign researchers for feeding of poultry used lupin and its processed products. It’s advisable to use energy-and-protein concentrates made of legumes and cereal grain mixtures to prepare complete feeds. Lupin is one of the main sources of plant protein with unique amino acid composition. In opinion of the majority of researchers lupin containing feeds made according to technic guidance support productivity increasing of poultry growing and improve the quality of the products.
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Matovu, Jacob, and Ahmet Alçiçek. "Investigations and Concerns about the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Livestock." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.011.
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The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein from feed derived from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been a major issue since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated the risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and protein to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, but some of the reported data are controversial. Previous reports showed that tDNA fragments or proteins derived from GM plants could not be detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products from livestock. Other researchers have shown that there is a possibility of small fragments entering animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the probable transfer and accumulation of tDNA/proteins from transgenic feeds in animal samples (ruminant and non-ruminant) by evaluating the available experimental studies published scientifically. This study found that the tDNA/protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (cattle), tDNA fragments/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, rumen fluid, and faeces. In small ruminants (goats), traces of tDNA/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they were detected in blood, spleen, liver, kidney, and GIT digesta. In poultry, traces were detected in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and eggs. Notwithstanding some studies that have shown transfer of tDNA/protein fragments in animal samples, we cannot rely on these few studies to give general evidence for transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of farm animals. However, this study clearly shows that transfer is possible. Therefore, intensive and authentic research should be conducted on GM plants before they are approved for commercial use, investigating issues such as the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effects of feeding GM feed to livestock.
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Volovik, Valentina, and Anatoly Shpakov. "Cabbage crops in solving the problem feed protein in the Non-Chernozem zone." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-71-80.
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According to natural conditions, the non-black earth zone of Russia is the main region of concentration and specialization of meat and dairy cattle breeding, as well as pig and poultry breeding. In the near future, to ensure the food security of the region, including large industrial cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and others, it will be necessary to produce about 20.8 million tons of milk, 4.6 million tons of meat, 16.6 billion eggs. To produce such a quantity of products, it is necessary to produce about 77 million tons of feed units, including 40 million voluminous and 37 million concentrated feed, including insurance funds and livestock re-production. The most important condition for the effective use of feed is provided with their protein (feed protein) [1–3]. Scientific and practical experience shows that in solving the problem of providing forage with protein, the leading role in the Non-Black Earth Zone belongs to cold and frost-resistant oilseeds, and above all rapeseed. In the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology, highly productive varieties have been created, technological bases for their cultivation have been developed, which ensure the seed productivity of spring forms up to 3.5 t/ha and winter crops - up to 6 t / ha of oilseeds. The development and implementation of the rapeseed sowing program in the zone will allow meeting the needs for vegetable oils, producing in the required volumes high-protein supplements in the form of oilcakes and meal for animal husbandry and poultry farming.
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S, Wimalasiri, and Somasiri S.C. "Ensiled Fruit Peels of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) and Papaya (Carica papaya) as an Animal Feed." In 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Safety. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/agrofood.2021.1003.
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One of the major issues for the development of the livestock sector in Sri Lanka is the unavailability of quality animal feeds. Thus, this study was carried out to prepare value-added silages using fruit peels for feeding livestock. Silage has been prepared using pineapple (Ananas comosus) and papaya (Carica papaya) fruit peels obtained from a fruit processing factory in Sri Lanka. Ensiling was done either in fruit peels only or in different combinations of fruit peels and chopped Hybrid Napier (CO-3 Pennisetum perpureum × Pennisetum americarnum) grass. The experimental design was a completely Randomized Design having ten treatments (T1 to T10) with two replicates per each. The treatments were T1 Papaya 100%, T2 Pineapple 100%, T3 Grass 100 %, T4 Pineapple 75%+ Papaya 25%, T5 Pineapple 50%+ Papaya 50%, T6 Pineapple 25%+ Papaya 75%, T7 Pineapple 20%+Papaya 70%+ Grass 10%, T8 Pineapple 30%+ Papaya 50%+ Grass 20%, T9 Pineapple 70%+ Papaya 20%+ Grass 10%, and T10 Pineapple 50%+ Papaya 30%+ Grass 20%. The fruit peels and grass were dried under shade, chopped, and mixed according to the different treatments. After 21days, representative silage samples from each treatment were analyzed for nutrient content, colour, odour, pH, and Ammonium Nitrogen (NH3N) content. The colour of all silages ranged from olive green to orange. All the treatments had a fruity smell. The pH values ranged from 3.41 to 4.04 in all treatments. The highest (p<0.05) crude protein (CP) content was in T3, and the lowest (p<0.05) was observed in T4 and T5. The highest (p<0.05) acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents were in T3, T8, and T10, and the lowest (p<0.05) was in T5 and T6. The highest (p<0.05) neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content was in T9 (44.00±0.02%) and the lowest (p<0.05) in T2. The NH3N was not present in any of the treatments. Based on CP, ADF, and NDF contents, T1, T7, T8, T9, and T10 were selected for further studies with animals to select the best treatment.
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Nikolic, Valentina, Slađana Žilic, Marijana Simic, Milica Radosavljevic, Milomir Filipovic, and Jelena Srdic. "QUALITY PARAMETERS AND POTENTIALS OF UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT MAIZE HYBRIDS FOR FOOD AND FEED." In XXVI savetovanje o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.495n.
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Quality parameters of six maize hybrids created at the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje were investigated in this study. Physical properties, kernel structure, and chemical composition of one yellow dent standard and five specialty maize hybrids of different grain color were analyzed. Whole-grain maize flour is naturally gluten-free which makes it suitable for persons suffering from celiac disease. Fiber, protein, and oil make maize grain an essential component for animal feed production. All maize hybrids showed favorable processing and nutritive characteristics which make them highly suitable for different uses.
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Kolpakova, Valentina, Denis Kulikov, Ruzaliya Ulanova, Nikolay Lukin, and Irina Gaivoronskaya. "BIOCONVERSION OF CEREAL SERUM - A SECONDARY PRODUCT FOR PRODUCING PROTEIN CONCENTRATES FROM PEA AND CHICK PEAS." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/06.
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Studies on the bioconversion of whey water formed from chickpea and pea grains in the preparation of protein concentrates have been performed. The serum remaining after precipitation of the main part of the protein was subjected to a symbiotic transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 121 and Geotrichum candidum 977 yeast cultures with the formation of protein-containing products with a mass fraction of protein (52.27-57.90% of DS) and a complementary amino acid composition. A microbial-plant concentrate was used as an additive in the feeding of Wistar laboratory rats. After 25 days of feeding, there was no negative effect on the physiological parameters and behavior of animals, which indicates the high quality of the protein product and the prospects of its inclusion in the composition of animal feed and diets.
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Niyonshuti, Eric, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Assessment of the Last Decades Studies and Developments in Broilers Nutrition." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.003.
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The poultry industry has advanced remarkably over the past 30 years. In particular, broiler production has been the most successful than any other sector in the animal industry. Production standards of broilers have continuously improved over this period, with modern broilers reaching a live average weight of 2.5 kg at 33 – 35 days. Today, under normal conditions, a broiler chicken can gain an average weight of 65 g per day and can attain 1.5 feed conversion ratio (FCR). Genetic selection brought about by breeding companies has played a big part in the improvements of broiler growth, and advances in nutritional management have provided about 10 to 15% of these changes. In conclusion, future broiler nutrition studies are going to be continued on the plane of economic criteria, determination of alternative feedstuffs and their cultivation, production of new feed additives, sustainability, and food or product quality. However, broiler nutrition studies are expected to contain not only pure and applied nutrition but also to answer and to enlighten some discussed issues such as to support animal welfare, consumer health, and ecological equilibrium. In this review, the latest improvements in feed formulation with much attention on metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP), feeding systems and feed presentation, use of feed additives to enhance feed use and broiler performance are discussed.
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Tyurin, Yuri, and Sergey Kostenko. "L3 — a new innovative variety winter vetch for the Ural and Central Chernozem regions of Russia." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-41-44.
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Winter vetch, shaggy provides high-protein animal feed in the spring on complexes, food from this plant is perfectly absorbed by all domestic animals. The new variety of winter shaggy vetch "L3" surpasses the existing varieties in the productivity of green mass, dry matter, and seed productivity. In terms of protein content, this variety is not inferior to most varieties. The variety is recommended for two regions, but later zoning can be expanded. The variety is also characterized by high winter hardiness and drought resistance.
Reports on the topic "Protein sources in animal feed"
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Jones, Cassandra, and John F. Patience. Feed Efficiency in Nursery Pigs is Maximized When Additional Lys is Supplied by L-Lys·HCl Instead of Intact Protein, but not Affected by Differing NEAA Nitrogen Sources. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1000.
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