Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéine de matrice'
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Hubert-Luco, Sophie. "Impact de la protéine de matrice des lyssavirus sur la réponse de l'hôte." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077053.
Full textThe matrix protein (M) of lyssaviruses plays some pivotal roles during the viral life circle. This study aimed at describing the impact of the M protein on host response. We described and characterized a novel cell protein targeted by the M protein of field isolates of lyssaviruses : RelAp43. We demonstrated that it exhibits all the properties of a class I member of the NF-kB family of transcription factors. We have shown that RelAp43 can modulate gene expression, in particular for genes involved in innate immunity like IFN-p. RelAp43 is able to modigy the equilibrium between the differents NF-kB dimers, by limiting p50 degradation and inhibiting the association between p66/RelA and p50. This work demonstrated that RelAp43 is specifically targeted by M protein from field isolates of lyssaviruses, contrary to vaccine strains. This interaction induces an inhibition of the NF-kB pathway and of IFN-ß expression. We established that residues 77 and 104 of the M protein were necessary to its interaction with RelAp43, while positions 100 and 110 are crucial of the host response inhibition. We also studied the role of protein M multimerisation on its modulation of host response. We developed a protocol of production and purification of M protein in bacteria. Using biophysical approaches (analytical ultracentrifugation and dynamic light scattering), we compared the biophysical properties of M protein in term of multimerisation. We tried to correlate their oligomerisation abilities with some biological observations about the induction of apoptosis and the modulation of NF-kB signaling
Gaudier, Martin. "Etude structurale de la protéine de matrice du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112219.
Full textVesicular Stomatitis Virus, an enveloped virus, infects mainly mammals. As it is nonpathogenic for humans and easy to grow, VSV is used as a model to study the different mechanisms of the infectious cycle. During the last stage of this cycle, VSV acquires its membrane by budding through the membrane of its host cell. The matrix protein, one of the five proteins of VSV, plays a major role in this process. This protein is also involved in viral assembly and nucleocapsid condensation and is responsible for the cytopathogenic effects of the virus. Two biochemical properties have been linked to the assembly and budding functions of the M protein : the protein self-associates and binds to membranes. The present work describes the study of M protein by limited proteolysis that lead to the purification of soluble fragments that were crystallized. We also present the determination of the structure of the M protein by radiocrystallography. Together with studies of membrane association of native and mutants of the protein, the structure helped us to propose a mode of membrane interaction of the protein
Gholami, Alireza. "Caractérisation des domaines de la protéine de matrice des lyssavirus impliqués dans l'induction de l'apoptose." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077152.
Full textThe matrix protein (m) of lyssaviruses plays a pivotal role during the viral life cycle. We have shown here that m of the mokola virus (mok, a lyssavirus of low pathogenicity, belonging to genotype 3) migrates into the mitochondria and induces an early cell death through mitochondrial pathway, conversely to m of a genotype 1 lyssavirus (tha). Different m-mok truncated mutants have shown that the region involved in this activity is located between residues 67-86 of the molecule (mutant m1-7) where a mitochondrial localization signal also resides. Using a yeast double hybrid system as well as co-immunoprecipitation we have found that the cellular partner of m-mok involved in cell death induction is the subunit 1 of mitochondrial cyt c oxidase complex (cco1). This interaction was not seen with m-tha. We have shown that m1-7 is also involved in cell death induction through a trail-dependant pathway. Site-directed mutagenesis analyses based on amino acid sequence differences of m-tha and m-mok led us to show the independence of the two pathways of the programmed cell death in lyssavirus model which are modulated by two key residues at positions 77 and 81 of m. By resolving the three-dimensional structure of lyssavirus and vesiculovirus m through their crystallization, different structural and functional motifs and domains of m were shown. Those structures have shown a new model of self-association that contributes most probably to regulation of dialogue with the host cell
Kerviel, Adeline. "Implication des domaines basiques de la protéine de matrice M1 dans l'assemblage membranaire du virus de la grippe A." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20129.
Full textThe M1 matrix protein, lying beneath the viral lipid envelop, plays many roles in influenza virus assembly. Not only it structures the viral particle but it also associates to the vRNP complexes in the nucleus and it supposedly binds to the cell plasma membrane and to the cytoplasmic tails of the viral membrane proteins at the assembly site. M1 N-terminal domain, composed of 164 amino acids, exhibits two basic domains: the NLS (Nuclear Localization Signal) on helix 6 and a triplet of arginines on helix 5. We decided to investigate the role of those basic domains regarding the molecular assembly mechanism of the influenza A/H1N1pdm2009 virus and the attachment of M1 at the cell membrane. In vitro, we observed that when the triplet of arginines is mutated, the percentage of M1 bound to LUVs (Large Unilamellar Vesicles) containing negatively charged lipids decreases, as it is the case for a full mutant of the NLS motif. In cellulo, by using cellular fractionation, membrane flotation assays, and immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed that when expressed alone, M1 is poorly bound to the cellular membranes whereas in the presence of NS1/NEP (Non Structural protein 1 and Nuclear Export Protein) and M2 viral proteins, the M1 membrane bound fraction is increased by 10 times. M2 appears to be essential for M1 membrane localization. In order to decipher the mechanism, we used directed site mutagenesis of M1 and M2. When we mutated some negatively charged residues of the M2 cytoplasmic tail, we no longer observed either the localization of M1 at the cell membrane or VLP (Virus Like Particles) production, in agreement with the literature. In addition, when we mutated the M1 arginine triplet, M1 remained cytosolic and VLP production was almost completely abolished, even when M2 and NS1/NEP were coexpressed. Whereas a mutant of the arginine triplet decreases by 20% the percentage of M1 attached to cellular membranes, a mutant of the NLS has a mild effect (10% of decrease is observed). Thus, M1 basic domains, particularly the arginine triplet, can trigger electrostatic interactions between M1 and the lipids, or M1 and the cytoplasmic tail of M2, or both, at the viral assembly site. These results highlight the molecular mechanism of A/H1N1 influenza virus assembly
Sutter, Julien. "SMAR1,un composant de la matrice nucléaire : quelques caractéristiques structurales et fonctionnelles du gène et de la protéine." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13232.
Full textMillon, Fremillon Angélique. "Fonction et régulation de la protéine ICAP-1alpha dans la dynamique de l'adhérence cellulaire dépendante des intégrines à chaîne beta1." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10254.
Full textCell adhesion to extracellular matrix mediated by integrins is a highly regulated dynamics process which allows cell motility. Among integrins regulators, ICAP-1alpha interacts with beta1 integrin cytoplasmic tail and disrupts adhesion sites. Since ICAP-1alpha is not localized into adhesions, it could reflects a transitory and finely regulated action onto beta1 integrin. In the first part of my work, I shown that ICAP-1alpha specifically slow-downs adhesion assembly by maintaining the low affinity state of beta1 integrin. Surprisingly, I found an unexpected function of ICAP-1alpha in the sensing of low extracellular matrix densities and in the adaptation of cell adhesive response to this environment. ICAP-1alpha acts as a mechanosensor which limits adhesion sites assembly and slow-downs cell adhesion and migration on low matrix densities. In a second part, I characterized the signaling pathway controlling ICAP-1 activity on beta1 integrin function. ICAP-1alpha is a phosphoprotein which displays different putative phosphorylation sites and one is potentially recognized by the calcium/calmodulin dependant protein kinase II, CaMKII. Many evidences reveal CaMKII implication in the regulation of ICAP-1alpha function. ICAP-1alpha phosphorylation on the CaMKII site induces its interaction onto beta1 integrin. CaMKII activity reduces the formation of adhesion complexes by promoting ICAP-1alpha binding onto beta1 integrin and by maintaining its low affinity state
Fraichard, Stéphane. "Etude de l'expression et de la fonction d'une protéine de la matrice extracellulaire, la Tenebrine, chez Drosophila Melanogaster." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS037.
Full textBelaadi, Nejma. "Régulation de la mitose par la rigidité de la matrice extracellulaire : étude du rôle de la protéine SUN2." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1028/document.
Full textWithin tissues, cells are surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM), whose mechanical properties regulate many aspects of cell behavior, including motility and differentiation. Here we examined the effect of ECM rigidity on cell division. We found that cells divide more rapidly when cultured on substrates with increasing stiffness. We next compared the proteomic content of cells dividing on soft and stiff substrates and we found that ECM rigidity regulates the stability of the LINC complex component SUN2, whose level of expression affects mitotic progression. On rigid substrates, high level of SUN2 promotes cortical actin recruitment, force generation and mitotic progression, while low level of SUN2 delays the onset of anaphase when cells are grown on soft ECM. These results revealed a new mechanism that regulates mitotic progression in response to changes in ECM rigidity
Rousselle, Patricia. "Caractéristiques et fonctions de la kalinine : une protéine spécifique des membranes basales épithéliales." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10057.
Full textChavey, Carine. "Identification de gènes dérégulés dans le tissu adipeux au cours de l'obésité : étude de la protéine "matricellulaire" SPARC et des métalloprotéinases." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4082.
Full textObesity represents a major health problem and results from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. By suppressive subtractive hybridization, we identify SPARC as a new extracellular protein upregulated in obese adipocytes. We show that SPARC is regulated in vivo by insulin and food intake. Purified SPARC increases PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) mRNA level in adipose tissue explants suggesting that SPARC may play a role in adipose tissue development and/or in obesity-associated complications. Moreover, SPARC is expressed in human fat tissue and its expression is increased during adipose conversion of human preadipocytes. Using genetically modified mice on adrenergic receptors, we show that SPARC may be involved in adipose tissue hyperplasia. Next, we analyzed the expression of the metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors (TIMP) during obesity. We observe that some MMPs and TIMPs are dysregulated in obese adipose tissue especially in stromal fraction. We show that their proteolytic activities are also modulated and we discover a new ~30kDa-caseinolytic activity upregulated in obese adipocytes. Finally, the MMP inhibitor, BB-94, represses the adipose conversion of rat primary preadipocytes by preventing the early expression of C/EBPb transcription factor. These results suggest a major role of the MMPs/TIMPs balance in adipogenesis and during adipose tissue growth. In conclusion, we demonstrate that proteins involved in extracellular matrix integrity, such as SPARC and the metalloproteinases, play an important role in adipose tissue development during obesity. Extracellular matrix remodelling could be required for adipose tissue growth
Hobeika, Maya. "Etude de la répression de la protéine matricellulaire SPARC dans deux lignées humaines de neuroblastomes." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSL0454.
Full textAnalysis of the repression of matricellular protein SPARC in two human neuroblastoma cell lines. Cellular transformation and tumor formation are multi-step processes in which AP-1 transcription factors and matricellular proteins can be involved in several ways. SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is a matricellular protein of which expression is disrupted in most human cancers, and particularly repressed in neuroblastomas, which are the most common extracranial solid tumors in children. The aims of this thesis were to determine the contribution of SPARC repression to the tumorigenic properties of neuroblastomas, and to analyze its control mechanisms, especially by AP-1 factors. This work allowed demonstrating, in 2 aggressive neuroblastoma cell lines isolated in Léon Bérard Cancer Center (Lyon), that the repression of SPARC was important for in vivo tumor formation, and that it was controlled by AP-1 factors, which act in collaboration with the ubiquitous transcription factor Sp1
Serriere, Jennifer. "Études fonctionnelles et structurales de protéines rétrovirales, Gag du FIV et Tat du VIH-1, à des fins thérapeutiques et vaccinales." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10167.
Full textSince its discovery 30 years ago, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the cause of an important mortality worldwide. Because of the difficulty to test the efficiency of therapeutical and/or vaccinal formulations directly in humans, studies of models of HIV infections, such as the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), have been performed in recent years. In addition to its veterinary interest, the study of FIV is an important issue to find a way to control infections by lentiviruses such as HIV. It can help to develop and test the efficiency of specific therapies and/or vaccines for cats, where AIDS mimics the symptoms and hematologic changes observed in humans. This manuscript describes the structural study of two types of viral proteins of these viruses, early lentiviral proteins (HIV Tat protein) and late lentiviral proteins (CA capsid and MA Matrix domains of FIV Gag). The structural study of these proteins and their functional understanding into the host will open new therapeutic and/or vaccine strategies against these lentiviruses in the future, in order to overcome the existing problems of viral resistance
Obiang, Linda. "Rôles des partenaires cellulaires de la protéine de matrice du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire dans le cycle viral." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077044.
Full textThe matrix protein (M) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a multifunctional 26,6 kDa small protein. M protein plays a key role in assembly and budding processes and is responsible for cellular synthesis shut down, microtubules destabilization and apoptosis. For these reasons, M protein recruits several cellular partners. Among cellular proteins identified so far, we are interested in Nedd4, E3 unbiquitin ligase and TSG101, a component of ESCRT I complex. 2-Yeast Hybrid technique allowed us to identify three news partners for M protein: Dynamin, protein involved in endocytic pathway, LMP2, catalytic subunit of immunoproteasome and Catenin a, that belongs to intercellular junctions. First, we studied the implication of Nedd4, TSG101 and dynamin during late stages of the viral cycle: assembly and budding. We characterized recombinants mutant virus containing matrix protein that does not interact anymore with one or two partners. For that, we developed a new technique to titrate with higher accuracy viral supernatants. We applied this technique for growth curves in different cell type. Our results" suggest that TSG101 plays a role during budding that highlighted with double mutant virus. EM observations indicate that dynamin acts upstream Nedd4. We also showed that some viral particles produced from an infection using virus containing M protein that does not interact with Nedd4 display an aberrant morphology and their M protein is no longer ubiquitinated. After, we started the study of new partners of M protein: LMP2 and Catenin a, previously identified. We expressed these proteins in fusion with GST and we have shown that these buildings were well able to interact with the M, confirming both interactions. Finally we could define residues and domains involved in M-LMP2 and M-Catenin a interactions. Preliminary experiments show that M protein and Catenin a colocalize at level of epithelial cells membrane. An results contribute to a better understanding of the interactome complex matrix protein
Roulet, Muriel. "Rôle du collagène V dans l'élaboration de matrice extracellulaire : production recombinante de la protéine, interactions moléculaires et tests fonctionnels in vivo." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10099.
Full textAlthough being a quantitatively minor component of connective tissues, collagen V plays a crucial role in matrix organization. Mutations in human collagen V genes have been shown to be responsible for the classic type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) which is characterised by skin laxity and joint hypermobility. The aim of my research project was to provide new insights on the role of collagen V in the elaboration of a functional extracellular matrix for which biomechanical and physiological properties are preserved. Two approaches that combine in vitro and in vivo experiments have been carried out : (1) interactions between collagen V and matrix components, namely the proteoglycans, were analyzed in order to determine their implication in fibrillogenesis regulation, (2) a functional analysis by generating transgenic mice has been performed to decipher the role of this collagen during development and in EDS pathophysiology. An isoform- and tissue-specific function has been drawn for this collagen
Carisey, Alexandre. "Rôle d’une protéine de la matrice extracellulaire, la ténascine-X, sur l’étalement des cellules sur un substrat de collagène I." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10283.
Full textTenascin-X (TNX) is a large glycoprotein from the extracellular matrix associated with collagen fibrils and proteoglycans. TNX shares the typical modular structure of the TN family members with EGF, FNIII and Fbg domains. TNX deficiency leads to a recessive human form of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome characterized by joint hypermobility, skin fragility and hyperextensible skin. It is also correlated with a more invasive phenotype in tumour-induced TNX-/- mice, suggesting a role in the extracellular matrix assembly and in the modulation of cell behaviour. In this thesis, we identify a direct interaction between TNX and collagen I in a triple-helical conformation. Concerning the interaction between cells and TNX, we demonstrate that TNX allows weak adhesion of numerous cell lines (fibrosarcoma cells, primary fibroblasts. . . ), mediated by at least one integrin receptor. Moreover, using morphometrical analysis, we show that recombinant TNX can modulate cell spreading on collagen I. This modulation occurs through the modification of the cellular structures responsible for the interaction between cells and their surrounding matrix. For example, the formation of filopodia is enhanced when TNX is added to collagen I. In addition, focal adhesions display a modified composition and localisation. The signalling pathways initiated from these adhesion sites are modulated by TNX, i. E. FAK and small GTPase Rac activities are downregulated and paxillin phosphorylation is impaired. Together, the results of this thesis demonstrate that TNX regulates cell-matrix induced signalisation and modifies cell spreading. Hence, TNX can be considered as an authentic matricellular protein. These data constitute promising foundations to understand the prometastatic phenotype observed in TNX-deficient mice
Rocha, Gomes Sonia Da. "Applications de la stratégie SELEX : caractérisation d'un complexe ARN/ARN et identification d'aptamères spécifiques d'une protéine de la matrice extracellulaire." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21275.
Full textTwo SELEX strategies have been developed, on one hand against a nucleic acid target and on the other hand against a protein target. The first in vitro selection was directed against the domain II of the hepatitis C virus IRES, in order to select aptamers with high affinity and high specificity. The domain II plays a crucial role for the IRES-dependent translation and therefore represents a target of interest to prevent viral polyprotein synthesis. The selected aptamer formed with the target an ALIL complex. We characterized new structural determinants of this RNA/RNA interaction. The second in vitro selection was directed against three extracellular matrix proteins, named MMP-2, -7 and -9. These proteinases are involved in several pathological biological processes. An aptamer has been identified against the MMP-9 and used as a molecular probe on glioblastoma sections. This work demonstrates the interest of the SELEX strategy to identify nucleic acid ligands against different targets
Fenouille, Nina. "Étude de la protéine micro-environnementale SPARC : un facteur autonome de reprogrammation tumorale qui contrôle la croissance et le comportement invasif des mélanomes." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4008.
Full textMetastatic melanoma presents one of the most difficult diseases to treat in medical oncology. Despite intensive research, there has not been a major breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic melanoma over last decades, and the average survival of patients is less than 10 months. However, many studies have been conducted without considering melanomas as a homeostatic disease of the skin that is not limited to the melanocytic population, but extends to their surrounding stromal cells. Melanomas arise from melanocytes through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in growth and survival pathways, as well as alterations in cell-cell communication and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that create a permissive and supporting microenvironment for malignancy and dissemination. In this context, our work has concentrated particularly on the role of SPARC (osteonectin / BM-40), a matricellular protein secreted in the extra- and pericellular matrix that regulates cellular functions and tumor-stroma interactions. In patients with melanoma, aberrant expression of SPARC has been associated with an aggressive tumor cell phenotype and poor clinical outcome. We have showed that tumor-derived SPARC controls key downstream programs in melanoma cells, through Akt signaling pathway. First, SPARC inhibits the p53 tumor suppressor system to overcome failsafe programs and promote melanoma survival. SPARC may also activate Slug and Snail-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs to trigger invasive behavior in melanoma cells. To validate these findings in vivo, we have generated a transgenic Tyr::SPARC mice in which SPARC is expressed in melanocytes under the control of the tyrosinase promoter. This novel genetic model will allow us to understand why melanoma cells have evolved to produce an increased level of SPARC and underscore the therapeutic potential of SPARC to impede progression of this devastating cancer
Gayraud, Barbara. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle protéine des membranes basales : l'antigène GDA-J-F3." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10224.
Full textPeysselon, Franck. "Désordre intrinsèque et analyses de réseaux d'interactions extracellulaires : des protéines et polysaccharides aux interactions hôte-Leishmania." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10317.
Full textBiomolecules perform their functions by interacting with other molecules. The identification of all biomolecules and their interactions is required to build their interaction networks. Their structural and functional analysis with bioinformatics tools (BiNGO, DAVID) allow us to identify the key biomolecules, to predict new protein functions and to understand and model the molecular mechanisms of biological or pathological process. Intrinsically disordered proteins or regions, which are characterized by structural plasticity, may interact with many partners and may play a role in the interaction networks. Using the predictor IUPred we mapped the intrinsic disorder in protein interaction networks of the extracellular matrix and of the proteoglycans constructed from the MatrixDB database developed in the laboratory. We have shown that the highest connected proteins of these two networks are not enriched in disorder. The molecular functions overrepresented in the set of extracellular proteins containing at least 50% of intrinsically disordered residues are interactions with growth factors or glycosaminoglycans. We studied a dataset of heparin-protein interactions including 118 kinetic values and we have shown that the association rate of proteins with heparin is related to the intrinsic disorder of heparin-binding sites. We also studied the interactions of the extracellular matrix with a pathogen, the parasite Leishmania. We have shown that proteins secreted by Leishmania are not enriched in disorder compared to their proteome. We have selected eleven parasite proteins containing at least three interaction motifs, which may interact with the host
Hamard-Péron, Élise. "Rôle du domaine matrice de la protéine rétrovirale Gag et implication des phosphoinositides dans l'assemblage du virus de la leucémie murine." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0598.
Full textThis thesis studies the late stage of the retroviral replication cycle, using the widely spread Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) as a model species. My investigations aimed to characterize the interaction between the N-terminal matrix (MA) domain of the structural protein Gag and the cell membrane's phosphoinositides (PIP) during protein trafficking and viral assembly. We have shown that the interaction between PI(4,5)P2 and the MA, already described for lentiviruses, is conserved for the MLV, and depends on the presence of phosphatidylserine. A highly basic region of MA is necessary for this interaction. Moreover, mutations in conserved motives of MA completely inhibited viral production, caused a decrease in MLV-Gag membrane binding and impaired subcellular localization. This suggests that distant retroviral proteins may share similar membrane binding motives in MA for accomplishing Gag membrane-anchoring
Besson, Benoît. "Rôle de la protéine de matrice du virus de la rage dans la régulation des voies NF-κB et des MAPKs." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC248/document.
Full textThe central role in cell homeostasis of the NFκB pathway also makes it a target of choice for viruses such as rabies virus to control the immune response and help it to silently spread within the host. In the case of pathogenic lyssaviruses, such as the Thailand (Tha) strain, the matrix (M) protein interacts with the NFκB protein RelAp43 compared to laboratory strains such as the vaccinal SAD virus. While interacting with the C-terminal domain of RelAp43, we showed that MTha is able to down-regulate several genes involved in innate immune response. Then, we designed a TAP/MS approach to identify how the matrix protein (M) of a wild isolate of rabies virus from Thailand (MTha) disturbs the NFκB pathway in a RelAp43-dependant manner which led us to the characterisation of a complex p105-ABIN2-TPL2 modified by MTha. The interaction of RelAp43 with p105 was shown to stabilise the formation of a complex with ABIN2 and TPL2, a MAPK. Interestingly, we showed a strong interaction of MTha with both RelAp43 and ABIN2, compared to mutants and thereby, MTha was able to release ABIN2 from the complex. Finally, we showed that MTha favours the formation of RelAp43-p50 NFκB dimers, and confirmed that Tha virus modulates inflammatory responses dependant of both NFκB and MAPKs pathways in mice. To further understand the importance of cell signaling in rabies virus replication cycle, we performed a broad RNAi screening targeting kinases and phosphatases during Tha infection. While confirming the role of MAPKs in rabies virus infection, we open new areas of research which could lead to a better understanding of rabies virus biology
Rossi, Florence. "Implication de la phosphoprotéine et de la protéine de matrice des lyssavirus dans l'immunité innée et dans l'efficacité du complexe de réplication." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077178.
Full textViruses have evolved mechanisms to escape the innate immune response of the host in order to replicate properly and infect new targets. P and M viral proteins of lyssaviruses are thereby involved in both inhibition of the response to IFN, but also in the regulation of apoptosis. P is involved in lyssavirus inhibition of the antiviral response mediated by IFN. We have shown in this work that this mechanism is conserved within the genus Lyssavirus and involves two residues, located in the hydrophobic pocket in the C-terminal part of the P protein interacting with the phosphorylated form of STAT1. M is itself involved in the pathogenesis of lyssavirus via regulating mechanisms of apoptosis. Regions of the protein essential for triggering cell death pathways were not clearly defined. We have, in this work, compared the induction of apoptosis and necrosis properties mediated by the M of MOKV and THA virus. We mapped the minimal areas of the M involved in the TRAIL-dependent extrinsic pathway and the destruction of mitochondrial integrity via inhibition of CcO. We have identified 2 key residues for each of these activities. Finally, we have investigated the role of the P as a major partner of the replication complex of lyssavirus interacting with N and L proteins. Using reverse genetics tools, we demonstrated that residues K212, Y213, Y294 and R260 are involved in the interaction of P with N and L and affect transcription and / or replication of the virus. Changing these residues could cause major conformational changes in the structure of the P protein and modify the interaction with the N
Richard, Nicolas. "Etude de deux nouveaux partenaires cellulaires de la protéine de matrice du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire : la dynamine 2 et CRM1." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077202.
Full textThe vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) matrix protein (M, 229aa, 26kDa) is involved in many steps during the viral cycle. M plays a key role in the assembly and budding of new viral particles. M inhibits the cell's antiviral response. M interacts and hijacks cellular functions like the nuclear pore complex to inhibit RNA's nuclear export and the multivesicular body machinery for budding. A yeast two hybrid screening was realized in the lab with the M protein as a bait to identify new cellular partners. Among all the positive clones, we found two proteins of interest during the viral cycle : dynamin and CRM1. The first one is dynamin. This protein is involved in the pinching of new endocytosis vesicles from the plasma membrane. The flexible amino-terminal part of M interacts with dynamin PH domains. A single mutation on M abolishes interaction with dynamin and reduce virus yield. Adaptation of mutant virus occurs rapidly allowing the isolation of revertants of which the M protein recovered a significant level of interaction with dynamin. We show that M-dynamin interaction inhibits clathrine dependant endocytosis and favours the accumulation of the viral glycoprotein at the plasma membrane thus allowing the formation of assembly platform. The second cellular partner is CRM1. This protein is involved in the export of protein which have : nuclear export signal. A mutation on M that abolishes interaction between CRM1 and M was discovered. This mutation is known to be involved in persistent infections. The M-CRM1 interaction seems to have no effect on M cellular localisation and on the cellular activity of CRM1. The exact role of this interaction remains unclear
Baillat, David. "Étude de la régulation du promoteur de la stromélysine-1 par la protéine ETS-1 : aspects moléculaires et cellulaires." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-95.pdf.
Full textL'étude de la liaison à l'ADN de Ets-l par les techniques de retard sur gel, de photo-pontage et de résonance plasmonique de surface (BIAcore®) nous a permis de proposer un mécanisme moléculaire pour expliquer la fixation coopérative de Ets-l sur le tandem inversé d'EBS du promoteur de la Stromélysine-l. Par l'intermédiaire du domaine codé par l'exon VII, la première molécule de Ets-l, déjà fixée à l'ADN, facilite la liaison de la seconde molécule en assistant la levée de son auto-inhibition. Il en résulte une liaison plus rapide de cette molécule et la stabilisation du complexe ternaire ainsi formé. Nous montrons de plus que, dans une lignée de fibroblastes synoviaux (HIG-82), Ets-l est directement impliqué dans la régulation du promoteur de la Stromélysine-l par l'intermédiaire de ce tandem d'EBS. La présence physique de Ets-l sur le tandem, constatée in vitro et dans la cellule, est nécessaire à l'activité basale et induite du promoteur. L'ensemble de ces données permet de mieux comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires régulant l'expression de la Stromélysine-l et montre l'importance de Ets-l dans cette régulation
Bonan, Stéphanie. "Rôle d’ICAM-1 dans le remodelage de la matrice extracelllulaire par les fibroblastes tumoraux." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4043/document.
Full textActo-myosin contractility in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts leads to the assembly of the tumor extracellular matrix. The pro-inflammatory cytokine LIF governs fibroblast activation in cancer by regulating the myosin light chain 2 activity. So far, however, how LIF mediates cytoskeleton contractility remains unknown. Using phenotypic screening assays based on knock down of LIF-dependent genes in fibroblasts, we identified ICAM1 as a crucial regulator of stroma fibroblast proinvasive matrix remodeling. We demonstrate that ICAM1 is necessary and sufficient to promote inflammation-dependent extracellular matrix organization, which leads to cancer cell invasion. Indeed, ICAM1 mediates generation of acto-myosin contractility downstream of the Src kinases in stromal fibroblasts. Moreover, acto-myosin contractility regulates ICAM1 expression, establishing a positive feedback signaling. Thus, targeting stromal ICAM1 might constitute a possible therapeutic mean to counteract tumor cell invasion and dissemination
Hofman, Paul. "Caractérisation et expression de la protéine reconnue par l'anticorps monoclonal GB36 sur les tissus humains normaux et tumoraux : la sous unité alpha-6 des intégrines." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON1T003.
Full textFleury, Christophe. "Etude des collagènes (types I et IV) chez le mollusque gastéropode Haliotis tuberculata et analyse de leur expression lors du processus de réparation de la coquille : activité biologique in vitro d’une protéine collagénique recombinante (fibroblastes humains)." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2079.
Full textSequencing the various molluscan collagen genes is an essential prerequisite to decipher their cellular and physiological function in many processes such as biomineralization in the mollusc Haliotis tuberculata. Two abalone cDNA encoding collagen α chains have been sequenced. The first one, named α1(IV), is composed of 5000 base pairs coding for a 1777 amino acids protein whose C-terminal domain shares 69% identity with human and murine α3(IV) chains. The second cDNA, called α1(I), was partially sequenced but its C-terminal domain shares 34 to 37% identity with invertebrate and vertebrate fibrillar collagens. Although the expression profile of these transcripts revealed they are both ubiquitous, α1(I) is predominantly expressed in the mantle while α1(IV) is mainly found in the mantle and haemocytes, both of which are important for biomineralization. In addition, a 5-fold increase in transcriptional ratio α1(IV)/α1(I) was observed in mantle edge 4 days after experimental lesion. This result suggests that cells synthesizing type IV collagen could be implicated in shell regeneration process. The close identity between α1(IV) C-terminal domain and the vertebrate homolog led us to produce, purify and test in vitro the biological effects of a recombinant protein corresponding to this region on human cells. This molecule increased fibroblastic proliferation by 69% and doubled collagen synthesis
Garzino, Véronique. "Utilisation d'anticorps monoclonaux dans l'étude de l'embryogenèse précoce chez Drosophila melanogaster : l'anticorps RD3: la mise en place de la matrice extracellulaire. L'anticorps LA9: un nouveau gène, modulo, et son produit, une protéine affine de l'ADN, Différentiellement exprimée au cours de l'embryogenèse." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22039.
Full textTiouajni, Mounira. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle du réseau d'interaction du Gelatin Binding Domain de la fibronectine humaine." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114820.
Full textThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in a number of biological pathways associated with the cell migration, differentiation, adhesion and is also implicated in several pathological events. The cohesion of the ECM is accomplished by a highly organized protein complex network on the cell surface. The Gelatin Binding Domain (GBD) (⁶FI¹²FII ⁷⁸⁹FI) of the N-terminal region of fibronectin is found to interact with the transglutaminase 2 (TG2), collagen type I and the bacterial adhesion protein FNE. In this study, we conducted the structural and functional characterization of the protein complexes involved in the cohesion of ECM. The interactions between either TG2 or FNE and GBD have been characterized and the regions responsible for the interactions have also been mapped. Furthermore, we studied TG2/GBD and FNE/GBD complex by SAXS and built two models underscoring the interactions between (1), the GBD and the Nterminus of TG2 and (2), FNE and the sub-fragment ⁷⁸⁹FI of GBD providing insights on mechanistically elucidating the protein interactions during the cohehsion of ECM. The X-ray structure of the protein FNE of Streptococcus equi has been determined at 1.8 Å, by using an original tool that facilitates obtaining crystals
Hendaoui, Ismaïl. "Régulation de la voie de signalisation Wnt/β-caténine par le microenvironnement : rôle du domaine Frizzled du collagène XVIII (FZC18)." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1B139.
Full textColorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma are among the most common cancers in the world. Currently available treatments for advanced froms of these cancers are only palliative and have a relatively low efficacy. Biotherapy targeting the molecular mechanisms involved in growth or differentiation of tumor cells provide treatments with high specificity and low toxicity, prolonging remissions with a better quality of life. A major issue in the use of biomolecules is teir ability to enter in the tumor cells, which can be adressed by using biomolecules that target cell surface receptors. We focused on collagen XVIII, which is a major basement membrane component. One of the variants of this collagene has a FZC18 domain, which contains a CRD motif (Cysteine-rich Domain) homologous to the CRD of the extracellular Wnt-binding domain of the Frizzled receptors and the SFRPs (Secreted Frizzled-related Proteins). Both of them are major actors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Millot, Benjamin. "Régions régulatrices et variations de la structure chromatinienne en amont du gène de la protéine acide du lactosérum dans la glande mammaire." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066557.
Full textThakar, Dhruv. "Surfaces biomimétiques pour caractériser les interactions induites par les glycosaminoglycanes aux niveaux moléculaire, supramoléculaire et cellulaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV005/document.
Full textThe oriented migration and controlled adhesion of cells is fundamental to many physiological and pathological processes. A family of linear polysaccharides, known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), help organizing and presenting signaling proteins, so-called chemokines, on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix thus regulating cellular behavior. The objective of this PhD thesis was to develop biomimetic surfaces that are highly defined and tunable, for mechanistic studies of GAG-protein interactions on the molecular and supramolecular levels, and to probe cellular responses to defined biochemical and biophysical cues to better understand GAG-mediated cell-cell and cell-matrix communications.Applying oxime ligation, GAGs could be stably functionalized with biotin at the reducing end, and these features proved crucial for the reliable preparation of GAG-functionalized surfaces. A streptavidin monolayer served as a ‘molecular breadboard' to sequentially assemble biotinylated molecules with controlled orientation and surface densities. GAGs (heparan sulfate (HS) in particular), chemokines and other ECM components (e.g. integrin ligands promoting cell adhesion, RGD) were assembled into multifunctional surfaces that recapitulate selected aspects of the in vivo situation. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) and spectroscopic ellipsometry permitted us to characterize and control the supramolecular presentation of HS and RGD. These model surfaces were used to study the supramolecular interactions between HS and the selected chemokine stromal derived factor SDF-1α/CXCL12α and to analyze cellular responses to extracellular cues. Our data provide evidence that CXCL12α binding rigidifies HS assemblies, and that this effect is due to protein-mediated cross-linking of HS chains. The kinetics of chemokine binding to HS was quantified using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We also demonstrate that the way in which the chemokine is presented, and in particular the presence of HS, is important for regulating myoblast behavior. Our data shows that the cell surface receptors CXCR4 (the CXCL12α receptor) and integrins (the RGD receptor) can act synergistically in controlling cellular adhesion and migration. These surfaces can generate novel insights in the field of glycobiology, e.g. in dissecting the function of GAGs in chemokine-mediated cellular migration
Baccouche, Rym. "Conception de ligands protéiques artificiels par ingénierie moléculaire in silico." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807525.
Full textLafeillade, Bruno. "CISP/thrombospondine-2, une protéine synthétisée par les cellules corticosurrénaliennes en réponse à l'ACTH : étude comparative de la régulation de l'expression de CISP/TSP2 avec TSP1 et distribution tissulaire de TSP2." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10084.
Full textPottier, Anaïs. "Étude de l’implication de la protéine matricellulaire SPARC et des fibroblastes du microenvironnement lymphatique dans la résistance thérapeutique des mélanomes." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4051/document.
Full textMelanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer due to its high metastatic potential and its resistance to both classical chemo- and radiotherapies. New targeted therapies directed against the V600E oncogenic form of BRAF found in about 60% of patients have demonstrated spectacular efficacy both in terms of progression free and overall survival. However most patients invariably relapse after a few months due to resistance mechanisms. Cancer cells are anchored and interact constantly with their microenvironment. Both soluble factors and the extracellular matrix produced by stromal cells have been shown to contribute to cancer cell resistance to therapies. SPARC is a matricellular protein that orchestrates interactions between normal and/or cancer cells and their microenvironment. While it is absent in melanocytes, SPARC expression increases in melanoma and is correlated with both tumoral progression and a bad prognosis. When SPARC is secreted by melanoma cells, it activates the AKT kinase, destabilizes the p53 tumor suppressor and promotes proliferation and survival. Here we identify the couple SPARC/AKT as a new actor contributing to both innate and acquired resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitors. In addition, we demonstrate that targeting SPARC in melanoma cells increases their sensitivity to both BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Finally we show that lymph node fibroblasts share features of activated fibroblasts and confer resistance to BRAF inhibitors to melanoma cells through the production of a permissive extracellular matrix
Jacques, Jaime. "Les protéines de la matrice amélaire dans un contexte physiologique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077273.
Full textFor years, amelogenin, ameloblastin and enamelin have been considered as exclusive of the dental enamel, both structural and regulating biomineralization of this tissue. This work investigates these three proteins and their transcripts through descriptive and quantitative analyses in different hard and soft tissues taking as reference the enamel organ. We establish the ontogenetic pattern bf expression of these molecules using control and amelogenin knock-out mice of different ages. We confirm the expression of these molecules in non-dental tissues. Given their chemical state, their distribution and quantity, we suggest these " enamel related proteins" as proteins with a double rote: a structural rote in enamel but also as signaling molecute, with growth factor-like functions. They would indeed participate in the regulation of the metabolism of dentoatveotar complex. Additionaly, our data suggest that the various skeletal tissues can be characterized by the expression profile of these proteins, which may represent specific markers of neural-crest derived bones
Boukpessi, Tchilalo. "Rôle de protéines non collagéniques dans la physiopathologie de la dentine humaine." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05M002.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the physiopathology of dentin extracellular matrix. With this end, two models of pathological dentin were carried out : artificial caries-affected dentin and hypophosphatemic dentin. Through these models, we tried to better understand the role of non collagenous proteins in the mineralization, the structure and the degradation of human dentin. Therefore, in the first model, we investigated how recombinant MMP-3 initiates the release of ECM molecules from artificially demineralized human dentin. That way, we identified for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the presence of endogenous MMP-3 in mature dentin. In this first approach, the use of MMP-3 as a potential agent for dentin preparation may improve resin adhesion. The second model concerned dentin from hypophosphatemic patients. Familial hypophosphatemic rickets results from the mutation of the PHEX gene. Patients have reported to display important dentin defects, and therefore, we explored the dentin structure, composition, and distribution of ECM molecules in hypophosphatemic human deciduous teeth. The abnormal presence of low-molecular weight protein complexes in large interglobular spaces was shown. In these pathological conditions, MEPE seems to display important role and our work aimed to better understand this function
Zaghdoudi, Sonia. "L'activité kinase de FAK dans les fibroblastes associés au cancer : régulateur clé de la progression de l'adénocarcinome pancréatique canalaire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30175.
Full textPancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents more than 90% of the cases of the pancreatic cancer with an overall five-year survival rate lower than 5% due to a very late diagnosis of the disease. A major histological hallmark of PDAC is the extensive desmoplasic stromal reaction mainly composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding tumor cells. ECM, by itself, promotes tumor development and progression. ECM and ECM remodeling enzymes are mainly secreted by the most abundant stromal cells called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), known to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. During my PhD studies, we have demonstrated that the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), protein tyrosine kinase involved in many cellular processes, is found highly activated in PDAC CAFs compared to fibroblasts from healthy pancreas. We have identified FAK activity as an independent prognostic marker for PDAC patients, when FAK activity is quantified specifically in fibroblasts while it is not prognostic in tumor cells. In vivo, in an immunocompetent mouse model consisting in the intra-pancreatic co-injection of PDAC tumor cells with fibroblasts expressing FAK-WT (active) or FAK-KD (Kinase dead, inactive), we showed that the specific fibroblastic FAK inactivation reduces drastically spontaneous lung metastasis. In vitro, fibroblastic FAK inactivation reduces fibroblasts migration and invasion and, negatively impacting tumor cells migratory capacities. In addition, fibroblastic FAK inactivation modifies ECM proteins secretion and deposition in vivo (in the primary tumor) and in vitro. Using mass spectrometry ECM analysis approaches in tumors (matrisome), we have shown that fibroblastic FAK inactivation modifies the matrix content, increasing matrix proteins expression present in the endothelial basement membranes which contributes to blood vessels maturation and permeability. In summary, fibroblastic FAK activity regulates the tumor cells dissemination remotely via a mechanism involving in the normalization of tumor stroma (matrix, vessels and immune component). In the second part of my PhD studies, we have demonstrated that fibroblastic FAK inactivation alters the pro-tumoral immune response in vivo via a reduction of tumor-associated macrophages recruitment in the primary tumor. Indeed, FAK activity inhibition modifies the soluble factors differentially secreted by CAF, leading to a reduction of pro-tumor macrophages migration and polarization indirectly. We confirmed these results on PDAC patients tumors in which we have observed that fibroblastic FAK activity levels correlates positively with pro-tumor macrophages number. In conclusion, my work using a genetic engineered FAK inactivation mouse model in CAFs suggests that the use of a small molecule FAK kinase inhibitor, directly impacting the pro-metastatic effects of CAFs and indirectly the pro-tumor effects of endothelial and immune components, appears to be a promising strategy for PDAC patients
Marie, Pauline. "Biominéralisation de la coquille d'oeuf de poule : caractérisation des protéines de la matrice organique impliquées dans l'initiation de la minéralisation." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4007/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD was to identify and quantify eggshell organic matrix proteins which control polymorphic type and morphology of crystals at different time points of the eggshell mineralization process in order to highlight particular components involved in calcification at each calcification stage. A total of 64 and 175 proteins differentially abundant during mineralization process were identified in the forming milieu (uterine fluid) and in the eggshell organic matrix respectively. Out of them, 24 uterine fluid and 77 eggshell proteins are functionally related to the mineralization process. We paid particular attention to 20 overabundant proteins with direct or indirect functional evidences related to calcification. Further studies will be necessary to confirm their involvement in the chicken eggshell mineralization
Gorisse, Laëtitia. "Modalités d'accumulation des produits de carbamylation des protéines au cours du vieillissement et de l'insuffisance rénale chronique." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS023/document.
Full textNon-enzymatic post-translational modifications of proteins, such as glycation, oxidation, and carbamylation, are associated with tissue aging. Chronic diseases are pathological contexts known for amplifying these chemical modifications. A still poorly investigated reaction is carbamylation, or the binding of isocyanic acid, a byproduct principally derived from urea, to protein amino groups. This process leads to the formation of carbamylation-derived products (CDPs) such as homocitrulline. In vitro experiments have shown that carbamylation contributes to the alteration of structural and functional properties of various tissue and plasma proteins. The metabolic fate of carbamylated proteins in vivo, however, is still unclear.Herein, we have evaluated tissue carbamylation rate during chronic renal failure (CRF) and aging in vivo. Our results show that carbamylation occurs physiologically during aging and is amplified during CRF, leading to an accumulation of CDPs in tissues. This reaction affects more intensely type I collagen but also affects elastin, both extracellular compounds with long half-lives. These results could be linked with infectious and inflammatory disorders observed in aging and CRF. Moreover, the organism seems to be able to limit the carbamylation process, suggesting that further studies could develop preventive or therapeutic strategies
Bijakowski, Cécile. "Régulation de l'activité des métalloprotéases Tolloïdes par les protéines à domaine Frizzled." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10121/document.
Full textTolloid proteinases constitute a group of extracellular metalloproteinases which includes four members in mammals (BMP-1, mTLD, mTLL-1, mTLL-2). These proteinases play major roles in development, tissue repair and related pathological conditions such as fibrosis. In 2006, the first endogenous inhibitor of Tolloid proteinases was identified in Xenopus and zebrafish. This inhibitor, called Sizzled, is a member of the secreted Frizzled- related proteins (sFRPs). The present study strongly suggests that inhibition of Tolloid proteinases activity by sFRPs is not conserved in mammals. Indeed, three of the five mammalian sFRPs were tested (sFRP1, sFRP2 and sFRP4) and none of them was found to inhibit human BMP-1 activity in vitro. In contrast, this study demonstrates that Xenopus Sizzled is a potent and specific inhibitor of human BMP-1, mTLD and mTLL-1. This inhibition involves an interaction between the Frizzled domain of Sizzled and the catalytic domain of Tolloid proteinases. More precisely, residues Asp-92, Phe-94, Ser-43 and Glu-44 of Sizzled (among which only Asp-92 is conserved in mammalian sFRPs) play a crucial role in Tolloid proteinase inhibition. Finally, we studied the longest isoform of collagen XVIII, which also contains a Frizzled domain. We found that BMP-1 can cleave collagen XVIII in vitro, resulting in a Frizzled domain-Containing fragment. Experiments are in progress to determine if this fragment can also inhibit Tolloid proteinase activity
Paquette, Isabelle. "Étude et évaluation d'une matrice protéique pour la protection de bactéries probiotiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30122/30122.pdf.
Full textSo far, many probiotic bacteria have been recognized for their beneficial effects on human and animal health. However, to act efficiently, these microorganisms must be delivered alive in the intestine, but several bacterial strains with high probiotics potential are greatly affected by acidic conditions of the stomach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo performance of succinylated β-lactoglobulin tablet to protect two probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (Bl) and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 (Lh), from harsh stomach conditions. The capacity to release alive these two bacteria in the pig intestine was evaluated by bacterial counting and quantitative PCR on Bl and Lh. The influence of these two strains on the intestinal microbiota was also evaluated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Although some effects were observed on Ruminococcaceae, the results did not allow to conclude that the encapsulation of probiotics with succinylated β-lactoglobulin help to improve survivor after gastric transit.
Riou, Cindy. "Intéraction des spermatozoïdes avec l'épithélium du tractus génital femelle : réservoirs spermatiques, protéomique, et fertilité." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4051/document.
Full textIn avian species, the sperm storage mainly takes place in uterovaginal sperm storage tubules (SST) during several weeks. Mechanisms implied in this process are not fully understood. The effect of artificial insemination (AI) has been evaluated on the uterine fluid (UF) proteomic composition, and on SST candidate proteins, from hens exhibiting long (F+) or short (F-) sperm storage duration. Long sperm storage duration was associated with the relative abundance in UF after AI of proteoglycans (TSKU), proteoglycan binding proteins (HAPLN3, FN1, VTN), lipid transporters (VTG1, VTG2, APOA1, APOA4, APOH), and eggshell matrix proteins (OCX32). In contrast, poor sperm storage ability was associated with the regulation of immune factors (PIGR, immunoglobulins), pro-inflammatory factors (LTA4H), proteases (XPNPEP1), chaperone (HSPA8), mucins (MUC5AC, MUC5B), and ovalbumin related protein Y (OVALY). At the level of SST, eggshell matrix proteins (OC-116, OCX36, OC-17) were identified in SST cells and lumen. Long sperm storage duration was associated in SST with the luminal secretion of Glc/GlcNAc residues, ANXA4 apical mobilization, and non-activation of metabolic pathway implying PIGR, HSPA8, and ANXA5. In conclusion, the proteomic composition of UF and SST require specific regulation after insemination, most probably to guarantee the success of sperm storage process
Grenard, Pascale. "Réticulation de la matrice extracellulaire par la pyridinoline et la Nε(γ-glutamyl)lysine au cours de la fibrogenese." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10227.
Full textBourahla-Fodil, Ilham. "Biosynthèse des macromolécules de la matrice extracellulaire par des fibroblastes cutanés en fonction du vieillissement in vitro. Modulation par le récepteur de l' élastine laminine." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066041.
Full textLuciano, Pierre. "Maturation des préséquences d'adressage mitochondrial par la protéase majeur de la matrice mitochondriale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30020.
Full textMercier, Isabelle. "Rôle de la matrice extracellulaire dans l'arrangement du cytosquelette des fibroblastes humains." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10165.
Full textHéquet, Arnaud. "Protection des matrices alimentaires carnées par antagonisme bactérien." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2284.
Full textThe aim of this study corresponded to the evaluation of the use of lactic acid bacteria, which produced or not bacteriocin, for the bioprotection of meat products against bacterial contamination. Challenge tests demonstrated that two Lactobacillus sakei inhibited the growth of Enterobacteriacea on sliced cooked ham. Sequential culture method, based on a new simulating ham medium, was developed to simulate and reproduce the inhibition of Enterobacteriaceae by Lactobacilli observed in challenge tests and used to screen a collection of lactic acid bacteria. Antagonistic activity was related to an organic acid, probably acetic acid. Two new antilisterial strains were identified. Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides 2733 was shown to produce leucocins 33A and 33B and Lactobacillus curvatus 2711 produced sakacin X
Perreault, Véronique. "Contribution à la compréhension de la fonctionnalité des protéines du lactosérum dénaturées dans la matrice fromagère." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27782.
Full textLa transformation du lactosérum de fromagerie en concentré de protéines du lactosérum dénaturées (CPLD), pour recyclage dans une production fromagère subséquente, est maintenant pratique courante dans l’industrie à grande échelle au Canada. Bien que les CPLD puissent être utilisés comme ingrédients de remplacement de la matière grasse, vu les coûts élevés de la protéine laitière dans le contexte canadien, l’emploi de CPLD vise parfois plutôt à substituer en partie la caséine du lait dans le fromage. Le CPLD ayant servi à réaliser le présent projet représente un CPLD conçu en milieu industriel dans cette optique. De façon générale, l’introduction de CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie est associée à une rétention d’eau accrue dans le fromage et à des changements de texture, mais les mécanismes responsables de ces phénomènes demeurent à clarifier. Cette thèse avait pour but d’étudier et expliquer les conséquences de l’addition de CPLD au lait de fromagerie sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des gels présure et mécaniques du fromage. Une première étude a permis d’évaluer l’effet combiné des niveaux de CPLD et de gras dans le lait de fromagerie sur ses propriétés de coagulation par la présure et la capacité de contraction du gel. L’augmentation du niveau de substitution des protéines du lait par des protéines du CPLD a résulté en une diminution du taux de coagulation et de la rigidité du gel (module d’élasticité - G), ainsi qu’en une diminution de la capacité de contraction du gel. Un effet direct du CPLD sur ces propriétés, au-delà d’un effet attribué à la dilution des caséines, a été mis en évidence. En outre, cette étude a permis de confronter l’effet des agrégats de protéines du lactosérum dénaturées, considérés comme éléments de remplissage des gels, à l’effet d’un autre type d’éléments de remplissage soient les gouttelettes de gras : à fractions volumiques équivalentes, les résultats ont montré des impacts distincts sur les propriétés mécaniques des gels. Une seconde étude a permis d’évaluer l’effet des différentes fractions du CPLD sur les propriétés de coagulation du lait par la présure et la capacité de contraction du gel. Le CPLD a été fractionné par centrifugation et dialyse en trois composantes : agrégats sédimentables, composante non sédimentable et composante diffusible. La composante diffusible (minéraux solubles) n'a pas affecté les paramètres de coagulation et de contraction. Les agrégats sédimentables de même que la composante non sédimentable ont influencé négativement les propriétés de coagulation ainsi que la capacité de contraction du gel. Les résultats ont notamment suggéré que des complexes protéiques solubles (non sédimentables et non diffusibles) retrouvés dans le CPLD puissent interagir avec les micelles de caséine emprésurées et limiter la formation et la contraction du gel. Une troisième étude a permis d’évaluer l'effet du CPLD et de ses fractions sur la composition et les propriétés mécaniques du fromage. La centrifugation a été utilisée pour induire un gradient d'humidité dans le fromage, afin d’isoler la contribution directe du CPLD et de ses fractions aux propriétés mécaniques du fromage. Le rendement et la teneur en humidité du fromage ont augmenté et la rigidité du fromage (module complexe - G*) a diminué avec l’augmentation du niveau de substitution des protéines du lait par des protéines du CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie. Cependant, pour des fromages ayant une même teneur en humidité, l’augmentation du niveau de CPLD n'a pas eu d'effet direct sur les paramètres rhéologiques. Les agrégats sédimentables ont été principalement responsables de l'augmentation du rendement fromager avec l’utilisation de CPLD. Dans l'ensemble, la teneur en humidité a expliqué en grande partie la variation des propriétés rhéologiques du fromage en fonction de la fraction de CPLD. Toutefois, en éliminant l'effet de l'humidité, l'addition des agrégats sédimentables du CPLD a conduit à une augmentation de la rigidité du fromage. Par la mise en évidence de l’effet distinct de chacune des fractions du CPLD, au cours de la transformation du lait en fromage, ces travaux ont conduit à l’identification de mécanismes d’action expliquant l’impact de l’introduction de CPLD dans le lait de fromagerie sur les propriétés des gels présure et du fromage : des connaissances en appui au développement de CPLD de haute performance en fromagerie et à l’amélioration de la qualité du fromage enrichi de CPLD.
Transformation of cheese whey into denatured whey protein concentrate (DWPC) for recycling into a subsequent cheese production is now common practice in large-scale industry in Canada. Although DWPC can be used as a fat replacer, considering the high cost of dairy protein in the Canadian context, DWPC is sometimes used as a substitute for milk casein in cheese. The DWPC used to carry out this project consists in a DWPC designed for this purpose in an industrial context. The introduction of DWPC into cheese milk is generally associated with increased water retention in cheese and changes in texture, but the mechanisms responsible for these phenomena remain to be clarified. This thesis was aimed at studying and explaining the consequences of the addition of DWPC to cheese milk on the physicochemical properties of rennet gels and mechanical properties of cheese. A first study evaluated the combined effect of DWPC and fat concentrations in milk on the rennet-induced coagulation properties and gel contraction capacity. The increase in the substitution level of DWPC proteins for milk proteins in cheese milk resulted in a decrease in coagulation rate and gel rigidity (elastic modulus - G), as well as a decrease in gel contraction capacity. A direct effect of the DWPC on these properties was demonstrated beyond an effect attributed to casein dilution. Moreover, this study allowed to compare the effect of denatured whey protein aggregates to that of fat globules, while both elements are considered to be fillers in rennet gels. For equivalent volume fractions, the results clearly showed different impacts of these fillers on gel mechanical properties. A second study evaluated the effect of different fractions from the DWPC on the rennet-induced coagulation properties and gel contraction capacity. The DWPC was fractionated by centrifugation and dialysis into three components: sedimentable aggregates, non-sedimentable component and diffusible component. The diffusible component (soluble minerals) did not affect coagulation and contraction parameters. The sedimentable aggregates and the non-sedimentable component both negatively influenced the coagulation properties as well as gel contraction capacity. The results suggested that beyond the effect of sedimentable whey protein aggregates, soluble proteinaceous complexes (non-sedimentable and non-diffusible) found in the DWPC could interact with the renneted casein micelles and limit gel formation and contraction. A third study evaluated the effect of DWPC and its fractions on the composition and mechanical properties of cheese. Centrifugation was used to induce a moisture gradient in the cheese to isolate the direct contribution of the DWPC and its fractions to the mechanical properties of cheese. Cheese yield and moisture content increased and cheese rigidity (complex modulus - G*) decreased when the DWPC was substituted for milk proteins in milk. However, for cheeses with the same moisture content, the substitution of DWPC proteins for milk proteins had no direct effect on rheological parameters. The sedimentable aggregates were primarily responsible for the increase in cheese yield with the use of DWPC. Overall, moisture content explained to a large extent the variation in cheese rheological properties depending on the DWPC fraction. However, when the effect of moisture was removed, the addition of the DWPC sedimentable aggregates to milk led to an increase in cheese rigidity. By demonstrating the distinct effect of each of the DWPC fractions during the processing of milk into cheese, this work led to the identification of mechanisms that explain the impact of introducing DWPC in cheese milk on the properties of rennet gels and cheese. These knowledges could support the development of high-performance ingredients that increase whey proteins recovery in cheese and could help to improve the quality of DWPC-fortified cheese.
Chamoy, Luc. "Caractérisation de protéines du tube d'un vestimentaire des sources hydrothermales profondes : Riftia pachyptila." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS001.
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