Academic literature on the topic 'Proteine non animali'
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Journal articles on the topic "Proteine non animali"
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Agostoni, C., and E. Riva. "Vegetable Foods in Weaning." Journal of International Medical Research 20, no. 5 (1992): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006059202000502.
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Vegetable foods (cereals, non-starchy vegetables, legumes) make a unique nutritional and metabolic contribution during weaning. They provide proteins that are of low biological value individually but whose value can be raised by consuming appropriate combinations: minimal amounts of lipids, mostly essential polyunsaturated fats; complex carbohydrates; and soluble fibre, which are fermented by colonic flora to short-chain fatty acids that have beneficial effects. Insoluble fibre, minerals, trace elements and vitamins are also nutritionally important components of vegetable foods. Vegetable foods lower the calorific density of meals, modulate nutrient and antigen absorption, and promote a physiological copropoiesis. Recent nutritional surveys have shown that 12-month old children eat an excessive amount of animal proteins. Whole cereals and non-starchy vegetables, including whole legumes, should be routinely eaten during weaning to improve nutritional balance and to make children accustom to eating fibre, which has prophylactic properties. The daily intake of fibre should be progressively increased to 5 g during the first year of life. Gli alimenti vegetali (cereali, verdure non amidacee, legumi) presentano caratteristiche nutrizionalie metaboliche comuni davvero uniche per la fase dello svezzamento. Essi forniscono proteine di valore biologico basso ma innalzabile attraverso opportune miscelazioni: quantità minime di lipidi (per lo più grassi polinsaturi essenziali); carboidrati complessi e fibra solubile che possono essere fermentati dalla flora del colon e trasformati in acidi grassi a catena corta. A loro volta, questi acidi hanno un effetto benefico sull'omeostasi locale egenerate. Anche la fibra insolubile, i minerali, gli oligoelementi e le vitamine danno un contributo importante al ruolo nutrizionale degli alimenti vegetali. Di conseguenza, come parte della dieta gli alimenti vegetali abbassano il contenuto calorico dei pasti, modulano l'assorbimento degli antigeni e delle sostanze nutritive e favoriscono la copropoiesi fisiologica. Alcuni recenti studi nutrizionali hanno dimostrato che i bambini di 12 mesi di et à consumano una quantità eccessiva di proteine animali. Durante lo svezzamento occorre quindi somministrare abitualmente cereali integrali, verdure non amidacee e legumi interi, onde ottenere un migliore equilibrio nutrizionale ed abituare i bambini al consumo della fibra, considerate le sue proprietà preventive. La dose giornaliera consigliata di fibra dovrebbe venire aumentata progressivamente fino a 5 g nel primo anno di vita.
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Coulthart, Michael B., Rhonda Mogk, Jason M. Rancourt, Deborah L. Godal, and Stefanie Czub. "Prion protein gene sequence of Canada's first non-imported case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." Genome 46, no. 6 (2003): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-124.
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In May 2003, Canada became the 22nd country outside of the United Kingdom to report a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in an animal not known to be imported from a country with cattle previously affected by this fatal, transmissible prion disease. Despite extensive testing of thousands of other animals that may have been exposed to contaminated feed at the same time as the affected animal, no evidence has been found for other infections. This finding leaves room for conjectures that the single confirmed case arose spontaneously, perhaps (by analogy with human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease) as a result of a somatic protein misfolding event or a novel germline mutation. Here we present DNA sequence data from the affected animal's prion protein coding sequence that argue definitively against the latter hypothesis.Key words: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, spontaneous origin, prions, mutation, Canada.
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Ferguson, N. S., and R. M. Gous. "Evaluation of pig genotypes 1. Theoretical aspects of measuring genetic parameters." Animal Science 56, no. 2 (1993): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100021310.
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AbstractPredicting the performance of animals is a general problem in animal production, the solution to the problem depending, in part, on being able to describe the animals adequately. Numerous approaches have been made to model the growth of pigs, with different methods being employed to describe the genotype. A simple approach is to describe the potential rate of growth of body protein using a Gompertz equation, and to predict the growth of the other chemical components of the body using allometry. These components are added to determine the body weight of the animal.In this paper an experimental procedure is proposed that will predict values for the parameters of the Gompertz growth equation under non-limiting conditions. These parameters include the rate of maturing of the animal and the mature protein weight. The lipid-to-protein ratio at maturity is required to describe the allometry between protein and lipid. With these few parameter estimates the potential growth rate of animals can be described. It is then possible to use this information to predict the growth rate of animals under conditions constrained by the food or the environment.
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Noriega-Domínguez, María José, Daniel Salvador Durán, Paloma Vírseda, and María Remedios Marín-Arroyo. "Non-animal proteins as clarifying agents for red wines." OENO One 44, no. 3 (2010): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2010.44.3.1472.
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: Dueto food security problems related to animal proteins and the growing demand of non-animal-based fining agents, interest in the use of gelatine alternatives for wine fining has increased in recent years. This work studies the use of proteins of non-animal origin for the clarification of Tempranillo red wines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Proteins from different sources were tested: wheat (seven glutens), maize (one protein extract and one hydrolysed gluten), the yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> (three protein extracts), and the alga <em>Spirulina platensis</em> (one protein extract). A preliminary physico-chemical characterisation of the proteins (solubility, isoelectric point, molecular weight) showed that some proteins presented very similar characteristics when belonging to the same source. Fining experiments, based on the principal technological parameters (turbidity of wine, volume and compactness of lees generated), were carried out on a laboratory scale, in both the presence and absence of bentonite as a co-adjuvant. Results obtained with hydrolysed maize gluten and yeast extracts showed that these proteins were particularly advantageous. The use of bentonite in combination with the proteins improved the natural sedimentation of floccules. The sensory analysis of the treated wines demonstrated favourable characteristics in all cases except from spirulina, which negatively affected sensory characteristics.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The effectiveness of non-animal proteins is comparable to that of the traditionally used gelatine, offering advantages due, mainly, to the lower amounts of lees generated and a greater compactness. These two parameters are of great importance for winemakers, as they are associated with wine losses.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The search for a substitute for gelatine as fining agent.</p>
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Patsios, Sotiris I., Anna Dedousi, Evangelia Ν. Sossidou, and Antonios Zdragas. "Sustainable Animal Feed Protein through the Cultivation of YARROWIA Lipolytica on Agro-Industrial Wastes and by-Products." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041398.
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Proteins are essential constituents of animal feeds, which comprise mainly vegetable protein (e.g., soybean meal), which is produced and transported globally. The decoupling of protein-production and livestock-growth areas results in protein deficiencies in certain parts of the world, and in significant environmental stress. Alternative, more sustainable protein feeds are necessary to meet the increasing needs, and to decrease the environmental footprint of animal products. Yeast Single Cell Proteins (SCP), produced locally using various agro-industrial by-product streams, have significant potential as alternative animal feed protein. Particularly, Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous, non-pathogenic microorganism has been characterized as a “workhorse” in biotechnological studies, drawing the attention of many researchers. The present review summarizes available resources on critical issues concerning the applicability and commercialization of Yarrowia lipolytica as an environment-friendly protein source for animal feed. It discusses the sustainability of the yeast SCP production process, it presents the recent advances concerning Yarrowia lipolytica cultivation on low-cost agro-industrial by-products, and it stresses the effects on the health and welfare of productive animals due to the inclusion of Yarrowia lipolytica in their diet. The data presented in this study should facilitate relative research advancement and the commercialization of Yarrowia lipolytica’s use as an alternative protein source/supplement for animal feeds.
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Winograd, Claudia, and Stephanie Ceman. "Fragile X family members have important and non-overlapping functions." BioMolecular Concepts 2, no. 5 (2011): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc.2011.033.
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AbstractThe fragile X family of genes encodes a small family of RNA binding proteins including FMRP, FXR1P and FXR2P that were identified in the 1990s. All three members are encoded by 17 exons and show alternative splicing at the 3′ ends of their respective transcripts. They share significant homology in the protein functional domains, including the Tudor domains, the nuclear localization sequence, a protein-protein interaction domain, the KH1 and KH2 domains and the nuclear export sequence. Fragile X family members are found throughout the animal kingdom, although all three members are not consistently present in species outside of mammals: only two family members are present in the avian species examined, Gallus gallus and Taeniopygia guttata, and in the frog Xenopus tropicalis. Although present in many tissues, the functions of the fragile X family members differ, which are particularly evident in knockout studies performed in animals. The fragile X family members play roles in normal neuronal function and in the case of FXR1, in muscle function.
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Vovk, A., O. Korotkyi, L. Kot, and K. Dvorshchenko. "Oxidative modification of proteins in rat serum under experimental osteoarthrosis and long-term administration of a multiprobiotic." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Problems of Physiological Functions Regulation 26, no. 1 (2019): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2624.2019.26.50-54.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of multiprobiotics on the content of products of oxidative modification of proteins and the level of sulfhydryl groups in blood serum of rats during monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. The study was carried out on white non-linear, sexually mature male rats (weight 180-240 g), according to general ethical principles of experiments on animals. All animals were divided into four experimental groups. The first group - Control: animals got injection into knee ligament 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution on the first day of the experiment and then got intragastric administration 1 ml of drinking water per 1 kg of the animal weight daily for 14 days from the 8th to 22nd days. The second group - Multiprobiotic: animals got injection into knee ligament 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution on the first day of the experiment and then got intragastric administration 140 mg/kg of multiprobiotic Symbiter® (Prolisok ", Ukraine) diluted in 1 ml of drinking water per 1 kg of animal weight. The third group, MIA-induced OA: animals got injection into knee ligament 1 mg of sodium monoiodacetate, dissolved in 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl on the first day of the experiment and then got intragastric administration 1 ml of drinking water per 1 kg of the animal weight daily for 14 days from the 8th to 22nd days. The fourth group – MIA-induced OA + Multiprobiotic: animals got injection into knee ligament 0.05 ml of 1 mg of sodium monoiodacetate, dissolved in 0.05 ml of 0.9 % NaCl on the first day of the experiment and then got intragastric administration 140 mg/kg of multiprobiotic diluted in 1 ml of drinking water per 1 kg of animal weight. All animals were killed on day 30 of the experiment, according to the protocol of the ethics committee with rapid blood sampling. The content of the products of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) and oligopeptides was determined by the level of carbonyl derivatives that were detected in reaction with 2,4-initrophenylhydrazine. The level of total, protein-bound and non-protein sulfhydryl (SH) -groups was measured by the Elman method. It has been established that MIA-induced OA disturbed oxidative-antioxidant balance of the rat serum: the content of the products of oxidative modification of proteins increases and the content of sulfhydryl groups decreases in the serum. It was shown that with the long-term administration of multiprobiotics in animals with MIA-induced OA, the above indicators were restored.
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FREUND, Jean-Noël, Bernard JOST, Olivier LORENTZ, and Isabelle DULUC. "Identification of homologues of the mammalian intestinal lactase gene in non-mammals (birds and molluscs)." Biochemical Journal 322, no. 2 (1997): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3220491.
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Mammalian intestinal lactase hydrolyses a variety of β-glycosides and is processed from a precursor comprising four tandem domains exhibiting sequence similarity, suggestive of multiple duplication events in the evolutionary past. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genes homologous to the lactase gene exist in animals other than mammals. A reverse transcriptase-PCR strategy using a degenerate mixture of oligonucleotides was developed to search for the presence of transcripts similar in sequence to the mammalian lactase mRNA in the digestive tracts of a bird (the chicken) and an invertebrate (the mussel). Partial cDNAs corresponding to the 3´ end of intestinal mRNAs were identified in both animals. In chicken, two cDNAs were isolated, corresponding to 6.5 kb transcripts that used two distinct polyadenylation sites. In mussels, three cDNAs were obtained and classified into two categories. One class of cDNA hybridized to a major mRNA of 3.5 kb and to minor species of 4.5 kb and 6 kb. The second class of cDNA hybridized to a 13 kb transcript, which was approximately twice as large as the mammalian lactase mRNA. Peptide sequences predicted from the chicken and mussel cDNAs confirmed that the proteins are related to mammalian lactase. They also suggested that the chicken protein and one mussel protein are integral molecules anchored in the cell membrane by a C-terminal transmembrane anchor, like lactase. These data provide evidence that proteins phylogenetically related to the mammalian-specific lactase are widespread in the animal kingdom, and that these proteins are expressed in the intestinal tract.
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Kumar, Rajnish, Parminder Jit Kaur, G. K. Khuller, and Indu Verma. "Immunogenicity Studies with Microbial Fractions of M. tuberculosis H37Rv Total Culture Filtrate." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 1 (2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n1p48.
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<p class="1Body">Current study investigates the whole secretory proteome of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> as culture filtrate fractions to identify immunoprotective protein antigens on the basis of protection studies in animal (mouse and guinea pig) models. Secretory culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) of <em>M. tuberculosis</em> H<sub>37</sub>Rv were fractionated into fifteen narrow molecular mass fractions in the order of increasing molecular size (F1-F15) by electroelution. Immunization studies revealed proteins in the molecular weight range of 20-24kDa (F7), 25-30kDa (F8) and 37-42kDa (F11) as key protective fractions against experimental tuberculosis in both the animal (mice and guinea pig) models. Amongst these fractions, F7 imparted even better protection as compared to BCG. Immunological studies with all the fractions demonstrated that although selected three protective fractions were able to induce significant immune responses in both short term culture filtrate (STCF) immunized and Mtb infected animals, there were number of other non-protective fractions also that were inducing higher immune responses either in immunized animals (e.g.F12-F15) or in Mtb challenged animals (e.g.F1-F6). These results demonstrate that only those mycobacterial proteins that are recognized by the host immune system both during immunization and infection can induce significant protection against experimental tuberculosis, however there is no direct correlation between the level of immune responses and degree of protective efficacy.</p>
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Göhde, Ronja, Benjamin Naumann, Davis Laundon, et al. "Choanoflagellates and the ancestry of neurosecretory vesicles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1821 (2021): 20190759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0759.
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Neurosecretory vesicles are highly specialized trafficking organelles that store neurotransmitters that are released at presynaptic nerve endings and are, therefore, important for animal cell–cell signalling. Despite considerable anatomical and functional diversity of neurons in animals, the protein composition of neurosecretory vesicles in bilaterians appears to be similar. This similarity points towards a common evolutionary origin. Moreover, many putative homologues of key neurosecretory vesicle proteins predate the origin of the first neurons, and some even the origin of the first animals. However, little is known about the molecular toolkit of these vesicles in non-bilaterian animals and their closest unicellular relatives, making inferences about the evolutionary origin of neurosecretory vesicles extremely difficult. By comparing 28 proteins of the core neurosecretory vesicle proteome in 13 different species, we demonstrate that most of the proteins are present in unicellular organisms. Surprisingly, we find that the vesicular membrane-associated soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein synaptobrevin is localized to the vesicle-rich apical and basal pole in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. Our 3D vesicle reconstructions reveal that the choanoflagellates S. rosetta and Monosiga brevicollis exhibit a polarized and diverse vesicular landscape reminiscent of the polarized organization of chemical synapses that secrete the content of neurosecretory vesicles into the synaptic cleft. This study sheds light on the ancestral molecular machinery of neurosecretory vesicles and provides a framework to understand the origin and evolution of secretory cells, synapses and neurons. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Basal cognition: multicellularity, neurons and the cognitive lens’.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proteine non animali"
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Bentivoglio, Ettore. "Coadiuvanti di origine non animale per la chiarifica in enologia." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Il presente elaborato ha come obiettivo quello di illustrare lo stato dell'arte relativo all’uso ed ai dati scientifici riguardanti i prodotti enologici chiarificanti alternativi, di origine non animale. Confrontando i risultati ottenuti da ricerche e sperimentazioni, ci si è prefissati l’obiettivo di meglio capire quali, fra i prodotti di origine non animale attualmente utilizzabili ed autorizzati in vinificazione, possano essere validi sostituti di quelli più tradizionalmente utilizzati. Si sono pertanto prese in considerazione pubblicazioni scientifiche riguardanti l'efficacia tecnologica di coadiuvanti quali le proteine derivate dai cereali, dalla patata, dai legumi, derivati da lieviti e da funghi. Per ognuno di essi sono riportati, inoltre, eventuali effetti sulle componenti fisse e volatili dei prodotti trattati, includendo valutazioni di tipo sensoriale. L’interesse per questi coadiuvanti ha, come motore primario, il crescente numero di consumatori (ma anche di produttori) che desiderano, per esigenze salutistiche, commerciali o etiche, poter disporre di un prodotto ottenuto senza l’utilizzo di materie prima animali. Sono in aumento, in effetti, non solo coloro i quali lamentano allergie a seguito del consumo di derivati del latte e delle uova, ma anche chi ritiene di dover selezionare i propri acquisti sulla base di considerazioni legate alla sostenibilità complessiva del processo od a contenuti etici di carattere animalista. Le esigenze di questi consumatori, come ovvio, non dovrebbero però prescindere dalla validità tecnologica della coadiuvante alternativo individuato, sia in termini di efficacia che in termini di stabilità complessiva del prodotto trattato.
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Parasar, Parveen. "Determination of the Expression Patterns of Bovine Non-Classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I Proteins." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1999.
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My dissertation hypothesis is that bovine trophoblast cells express cell-surface and secreted non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-Ib) proteins which inhibit NK cells and other leukocytes by binding to inhibitory receptors (e.g., LILRB1, LILRB2, KIR2DL4, and/or CD94/NKG2A). Extremely polymorphic and ubiquitously expressed classical MHC class I (MHC-Ia) proteins, which present foreign antigenic peptides to CD8+ T lymphocytes, are involved in acceptance or rejection of tissue grafts. Non-classical MHC class I (MHC-Ib) glycoproteins, such as Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) and murine Qa-2, are important modulators of the maternal immune system during pregnancy. MHC-Ib proteins are: (a) oligomorphic or monomorphic, (b) expressed in specific tissues under specific condtions, and (c) produced as surface and/or soluble isoforms due to alternative splicing. Third trimester-bovine trophoblast cells express both MHC-Ia and MHC-Ib proteins. The MHC-Ib proteins expressed by trophoblast cells during the third trimester of pregnancy are encoded by four bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) loci: BoLA-NC1, BoLA-NC2, BoLA-NC3, and BoLA-NC4.
Two MHC-Ia (N*01701 and N*01802) and three MHC-Ib (NC1*00501, NC3*00101 and NC4*00201) proteins showed cell-surface expression in transfection studies performed in murine P815 and human K562 cells. Two additional isoforms, NC1*00401 and NC2*00102, were not detected on the surface of these cells. Nevertheless, both class Ia proteins, N*01701 and N*01802, and five class Ib proteins, NC1*00401, NC1*00501, NC2*00102, NC3*00101, and NC4*00201, were detected in crude cell lysates on Western blots. Precipitation of proteins from culture supernatants showed that cell-surface MHC-Ia (N*01701 and N*01802) and MHC-Ib proteins (NC1*00501, NC3*00101, and NC4*00201) are shed from the surface of these cells into the media. The mechanism of shedding of these proteins is, however, not known. Monoclonal antibodies W6/32, IL-A88, H1A, H6A, H11A, H58A, and PT-85A recognized surface MHC-I isoforms with varying affinity. We were able to develop a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using either H1A or IL-A88 antibody as the capture antibody and the W6/32 antibody for detection. We produced monoclonal antibodies against cattle NC1*00501 and NC3*00101 proteins. One monoclonal antibody generated against BoLA-NC3*00101 was highly specific. Unfortunately, due to failure to clone the NC3*00101- hybridoma, we no longer have an infinite source of this monoclonal antibody for NC3*00101. We eluted peptides from NC3*00101-transfected MHC-null K562 cells and identified peptides using liquid chromatography-mass spectrum (LC-MS) analysis. Analysis of peptide binding data using the SAS Proc mixed statistical program, suggested that the peptide EVTNQLVVL is a potential peptide ligand, which can be used to make tetramers for enumeration of antigen-specific leukocytes.
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Viana, Gabriel da Silva. "Responses to reduction on dietary crude protein and suppementation of non-essential nitrogen; dietary essential to no-essential nitrogen optimum ratio for white commercial." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12401.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-03<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Foram conduzidos dois ensaios experimentais com objetivo de avaliar o efeito da redução da proteína bruta em dietas, suplementadas ou não com nitrogênio não essencial (experimento I), e de diferentes relações dietéticas de nitrogênio essencial:nitrogênio não essencial (experimento II) para poedeiras leves. Em ambos ensaios, o período experimental teve duração de 112 dias, sendo subdividido em 4 períodos de coleta de dados de 28 dias cada. No experimento I, 240 galinhas poedeiras Hy-Line W-36 aletoriamente distribuídas a 40 unidades experimentais, divididas em cinco grupos de tratamentos com 48 aves cada. Os tratamentos consistiram de 3 rações com os níveis de proteína bruta de 170.0, 150.0 e 130.0g de proteína/kg de dieta com as relações nitrogênio essencial:nitrogênio não essencial de 37/63, 42/58 e 47/53, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, as duas rações contendo os níveis de proteína bruta de 150.0 e 130.0g de proteína/kg de dieta, foram suplementadas com 37.60 e 60.80g de ácido glutâmico/kg de dieta, respectivamente, com objetivo de igualar a relação nitrogênio essencial:nitrogênio não essencial da dieta de maior nível proteico (37/63). A redução dietética da proteína bruta de 170.0g/kg para 150.0g/kg resultou na redução do peso e massa de ovos, enquanto a redução para 130.0g/kg além de acarretar piora das variáveis antes descritas, também piorou a conversão alimentar por massa de ovos, reduziu o consumo de ração e o peso de albumen. Não observou-se diferenças no desempenho e qualidade de ovos de aves alimentadas com dietas em que o conteúdo de proteína foi reduzido. A suplementação de ácido glutâmico em dietas contendo 150.0g de proteína/kg promoveu mesmo desempenho das aves alimentadas com 170.g de proteína/kg, enquanto em dietas contendo 130.0g de proteína/kg a inclusão de ácido glutâmico resultou nas piores médias de desempenho e qualidade de ovos em comparação aos demais tratamentos. Os resultados demonstram que o déficit de nitrogênio não essencial resulta em piora no desempenho de galinhas poedeiras e revela potencial de utilização de ácido glutâmico como fonte de nitrogênio não essencial, desde que utilizado em baixas concentrações. No experimento II, 360 galinhas Hy-Line W-36 foram distribuídas em seis tratamentos, com dez repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram obtidos a partir da suplementação gradativa da mistura de L-alanina, L-glicina e ácido glutâmico (proporção 60%/20%/20%) em uma dieta basal com reduzida proteína bruta e relação nitrogênio essencial:nitrogênio não essencial de 55/45 com objetivo de produzir as relações entre nitrogênios de 55/45, 52/48, 48/52, 44/56 e 41/59. Uma sexta dieta com maior teor de proteína bruta, denominada grupo controle, foi formulada com relação nitrogênio essencial:nitrogênio total de 41/59. As relações de 55/45 e 52/48 resultaram em menor peso de ovo e pior conversão alimentar por massa de ovos em comparação ao grupo controle. Observou-se redução nos valores de massa de ovos somente no grupo de aves alimentado com a relação de 55/45. Baseado nos resultados, recomenda-se que a relação dietética de nitrogênio essencial:nitrogênio não essencial para poedeiras leves não ultrapasse o valor de 48/52<br>Two trials were performed in order to evaluate laying hen responses to reduction on dietary crude protein supply and non-essential nitrogen supplementation (Experiment I) and to determine the essential to non-essential nitrogen ratio, which warrants optimum performance, and egg quality of laying hens (Experiment II). Both trials lasted 112 days, being divided in four 28-day intervals. In experiment I, a total of 240 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, eight replicates with six hens each. The treatments consisted diets containing 170g (control diet), 150 and 130g crude protein/kg, which corresponded to the essential nitrogen to non-essential nitrogen ratios of 37/63, 42/58 and 47/53, respectively. The other two treatments consisted of the same diets containing 150 and 130g crude protein/kg, but supplemented with 37.60 and 79.15g glutamic acid/kg respectively in replacement to cornstarch to equal the essential nitrogen to non-essential nitrogen ratio in control diet (37/63). Reduction on dietary crude protein by 20g/kg elicited a decrease in egg weight and egg mass, whereas the reduction on dietary crude protein by 40g/kg decreased feed intake, egg weight, egg mass and albumen weight, beyond worsening feed conversion ratio per kilogram of eggs. Layers fed diets with 150 and 130g crude protein/kg had similar performance and egg quality. Glutamic acid-added diets with 150g crude protein/kg maintained similar layer performance and egg quality to that observed in layers fed control diet. However, when added to diets with 130g crude protein/kg, glutamic acid impaired layer performance and egg quality, leading to the lowest means for variables assessed herein when compared with all treatments. Based on results, the lack of non-essential nitrogen compromises layer productivity and glutamic acid may be considered as a potential source of non-essential nitrogen when added in low concentration to low-protein diets. In experiment II, 360 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were randomly assigned to 5 treatments, eight replicates with six hens each. Experimental diets were obtained through the graded supplementation of a mixture of L- alanine, L-glycine and glutamic acid, at the proportion of 60%,20% and 20% respectively, in a low protein diet with the essential nitrogen to non-essential nitrogen ratio of 55/45. Four more diets with the ratios of 52/48, 48/52, 44/46 and 41/59 were produced from the aforementioned low-protein diet. Additionally, a diet with a higher crude protein content was formulated to contain the essential nitrogen to non-essential nitrogen ratio of 41/59. Layers given dietary essential to non-essential nitrogen ratios of 55/45 and 52/48 had lower egg weight and worsen feed conversion ratio per kilogram of eggs compared with layers fed control diet. Egg mass was impaired only when essential to non-essential nitrogen ratios reached the 55/45. Egg quality was unaffected by dietary treatments. Based on results, the dietary essential to non-essential nitrogen ratio for laying hens must not reach 48/52<br>O título contido no resumo em inglês não confere com a ficha catalográfica
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Lau, Tik-yan Ivy, and 劉荻茵. "Macrophage-adipocyte cross-talk in the initiation of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: roleof adiponectin." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4129046X.
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Li, Witharana Wing Kar. "Non-Boolean characterization of Homer1a intranuclear transcription foci." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Neuroscience, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3402.
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Activity-induced immediate-early gene (IEG) transcription foci can be labelled with fluorescent probes, permitting high temporal and spatial resolution in mapping neuronal circuits. Previous quantification approaches have assumed a Boolean function of transcription foci, assuming that cells are either active or inactive. Due to multiple amplification steps in the in situ hybridization process, it was thought that information relating to magnitudes of firing rates was lost. However, the current data suggest that transcription foci actually exhibit non-Boolean intensity and size values which vary according to behavioural condition. Systematic characterization of transcription foci intensity and size revealed incremental variations such that: home-cage < one-environment exposure < five-environment exposure < maximal electroconvulsive shock. Visual differences in transcription foci may result from a quantifiable relationship between spiking patterns and transcription rates. The exact stoichiometry between neuronal spiking and transcription is not yet clear, but these results suggest that Boolean applications of IEG imaging may neglect accurate neuronal activation properties.<br>xvi, 125 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Yeung, Yuen-ting Yukiona, and 楊菀婷. "Effects of HIV protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inbibitors on vasomotor function in rat mesentericarteries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46942117.
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Gable-Guillaume, Christine. "Développement de vecteurs non viraux, de type lipides cationiques, pour la transfection, in vivo, chez la souris swiss : application à la mucoviscidose (doctorat : sciences de la vie et de la sante)." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES3102.
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Oikemus, Sarah R. "Epigenetic Telomere Protection by Drosophila DNA Damage Response Pathways: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2006. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/229.
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Several aspects of Drosophila telomere biology indicate that telomere protection can be regulated by an epigenetic mechanism. First, terminally deleted chromosomes can be stably inherited and do not induce damage responses such as apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Second, the telomere protection proteins HP1 and HOAP localize normally to these chromosomes and protect them from fusions. Third, unprotected telomeres still contain HeT-A sequences at sites of fusions. Taken together these observations support a model in which an epigenetic mechanism mediated by DNA damage response proteins protects Drosophilatelomeres from fusion.
Work presented in this thesis demonstrates that the Drosophila proteins ATM and Nbs are required for the regulation of DNA damage responses similar to their yeast and mammalian counterparts. This work also establishes a role for the ATM and ATR DNA damage response pathways in the protection of both normal and terminally deleted chromosomes. Mutations that disrupt both pathways result in a severe telomere fusion phenotype, similar to HP1 and HOAP mutants. Consistent with this phenotype, HOAP localization at atm,atr double mutant telomeres is completely eliminated. Furthermore, telomeric sequences are still present, even at the sites of fusions. These results support a model in which an epigenetic mechanism mediated by DNA damage response proteins protects Drosophila telomeres from fusion.
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Maleysson, Vincent. "Développement et caractérisation d'un nouveau modèle expérimental de la maladie d'Alzheimer chez le rat non transgénique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT1401/document.
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La maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est caractérisée par un déclin progressif des fonctions cognitives avec une détérioration de la mémoire, une atrophie cérébrale et deux lésions histologiques caractéristiques retrouvées lors d'examens post-mortem : les plaques extracellulaires de peptide β-amyloïde et les enchevêtrements intracellulaires de la protéine Tau anormalement phosphorylée. De nombreux modèles animaux de la MA ont été développés afin de comprendre et de tester différents traitements dirigés contre cette pathologie. Cependant, aucun modèle de rongeur non transgénique, développant à la fois les plaques amyloïdes et la pathologie neurofibrillaire, n'est disponible à ce jour. L'objectif de cette étude est de développer le premier modèle non transgénique, développant les deux lésions histologiques caractéristiques de la MA chez le rat. Le principe consiste à réaliser une injection concomitante et intrahippocampale d'un AAV (virus associé aux adénovirus) recombinant contenant le gène humain de la protéine Tau présentant la mutation P301L, et du peptide Aβ1-42 qui est le principal composant des plaques amyloïdes. Après plusieurs expériences, nous avons obtenu un modèle animal représentatif des stades précoces de la MA, c'est-à-dire avec des lésions focalisées dans l'une des premières structures du cerveau affectée par la MA : l'hippocampe. La présence des deux lésions histopathologiques caractéristiques de la maladie, accompagnée d'une astrocytose, a été observée par immunohistofluorescence. Une détérioration de la mémoire concernant plus particulièrement la mémoire de travail, ainsi que des anormalités de l'activité électrique cérébrale et notamment durant les phases de sommeil paradoxal, enregistrées par électroencéphalographie, ont également été mises en évidence<br>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function with a memory impairment, a brain atrophy, and two histological hallmarks observed from post-mortem examination: extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles of the Tau protein abnormally phosphorylated. Numerous animal models of AD have been developed to understand and to test drugs against this pathology. However, any non-transgenic model of rodent developing amyloid plaques and the neurofibrilary pathology is currently available. The aim of this study is to develop the first non-transgenic model producing the two histopathological features of AD in the rat. The principle is to perform a concomitant intrahippocampal injection of a recombinant AAV (Adeno-Associated Virus) containing the human transgene tau with the P301L mutation, and of Aβ1-42 peptide, the main component of the amyloid plaques. After several experiments, we have obtained an animal model representative of the early steps of AD, i.e. with lesions focalized in one of the first affected brain structures in the AD: the hippocampus. The presence of the two histopathological hallmarks has been observed by immunohistofluorescence and associated with an astrogliosis. A memory impairment concerning more particulary the working memory, and abnormalities of the electrical activity of the brain and of the rapid eye movement sleep recorded by electroencephalography, are also characterized
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Guidi, Cynthia J. "The Role of the SWI/SNF Component INI1 in Mammalian Development and Tumorigenesis: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2003. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/69.
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In vivo DNA is compacted tightly, via its association with histones and non-histone proteins, into higher-order chromatin structure. In this state, the DNA is refractory to the cellular factors that require access to DNA. The repressive nature of chromatin is alleviated in part by the action enzymes that modify chromatin structure. There are two major groups of chromatin modifying enzymes: those that post-translationally modify histones by the addition of small chemical moieties and those that utilize the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to physically disrupt chromatin structure. The SWI/SNF enzyme belongs to this latter group.
The SWI/SNF complex was identified originally in yeast. Several of its subunits are required for the expression of a subset of inducible genes. The ATPase activity is provided by the SWI2/SNF2 protein. In mammals, there are two biochemically separable SWI/SNF complexes that contain either BRG1 or BRM, both homologs of yeast SWI2/SNF2. The yeast and mammalian SWI/SNF complexes are able to disrupt the Dnase I digestion pattern of in vitro assembled mononucleosomes and arrays, as well as facilitate the accessibility of restriction nucleases and transcription factors. The mechanism by which SWI/SNF functions has yet to be elucidated.
SNF5 is a component of the yeast SWI/SNF complex. It is required for sucrose fermentation and mating type switching. The mammalian homolog of Snf5 is SNF5/INI1. SNF5/INI1 was identified simultaneously by two groups as a protein that shares homology with Snf5 and via a yeast two hybrid assay as a protein that interacts with HIV integrase (INtegrase Interactor). INI1 is a component of all mammalian SWI/SNF complexes purified to date.
In humans, mutations and/or deletions in INI1 are associated with a variety of cancers, including malignant rhabdoid tumors, choroid plexus carcinomas, medullablastomas, primitive neuralectodermal tumors, and some cases of leukemia. Furthermore, constitutional mutations within INI1in individuals presenting with these tumors support the role of INI1 as a tumor suppressor.
In this thesis, we show that Ini1 also functions as a tumor suppressor in mice. Approximately 20% of mice heterozygous for Ini1 present with tumors. Most of these tumors are undifferentiated or poorly differentiated sarcomas with variable rhabdoid features. All tumors examined to date show loss of heterozygosity at the Ini1 locus. We also show that Ini1 is essential for embryonic development. Mice homozygous-null for Ini1die between days 4 and 5.5 post-fertilization due to an inability to adhere to their substratum, form trophectoderm, and expand their inner cell mass.
We further characterize the function of Ini1 in tumor suppression by generating mice heterozygous for both Ini1 and either Rb or p53. While heterozygosity at the Ini1 locus appears to have no effect on the rate of tumorigenesis in Rb-heterozygous mice, many of the tumors arising in compound heterozygous mice present with an altered morphology. This finding suggests that Ini1 may contribute to tumor progression due to loss of Rb. In contrast, mice compound heterozygous for Ini1 and p53 show a marked reduction in the rate of tumorigenesis compared to p53-heterozygous mice. Furthermore, the tumor spectrum is altered in these compound heterozygous mice. These findings suggest that Ini1 may function normally to repress p53 activity.
Lastly, we show that expression of the Ini1 tumor suppressor itself is regulated tightly. Tissues and cells heterozygous for Ini1 express roughly equivalent levels of Ini1 protein and mRNA as their wild-type counterparts. We further show that this compensation is mediated by an increase in the rate of transcription from the wild-type Ini1 allele. Moreover, when exogenous Ini1 is introduced into Ini1-heterozygous cells, expression from the Ini1 promoter is reduced. These data indicate that a compensatory mechanism exists to ensure that the steady-state levels of Ini1 are constant.
In summary, research detailed in this thesis has contributed to our understanding of the regulation of Ini1 as well as the role this protein plays in mammalian development and tumor suppression.
Books on the topic "Proteine non animali"
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Promoting Non-Animal Protein Sources in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Interdisciplinary Study. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2011.
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Bako, Sunday Paul, and Frank Olwari. Promoting Non-Animal Protein Sources in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Interdisciplinary Study. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2012.
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Bako, Sunday Paul, and Frank Olwari, eds. Promoting Non-Animal Protein Sources in Sub-Saharan Africa. Peter Lang D, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-02059-5.
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Meng, X. J. Hepatitis E virus. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0048.
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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small, non-enveloped, single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus of approximately 7.2 kb in size. HEV is classified in the family Hepeviridae consisting of four recognized major genotypes that infect humans and other animals. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEV are restricted to humans and often associated with large outbreaks and epidemics in developing countries with poor sanitation conditions, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 HEV infect humans, pigs and other animal species and are responsible for sporadic cases of hepatitis E in both developing and industrialized countries. The avian HEV associated with Hepatitis-Splenomegaly syndrome in chickens is genetically and antigenically related to mammalian HEV, and likely represents a new genus in the family. There exist three open reading frames in HEV genome: ORF1 encodes non-structural proteins, ORF2 encodes the capsid protein, and the ORF3 encodes a small phosphoprotein. ORF2 and ORF3 are translated from a single bicistronic mRNA, and overlap each other but neither overlaps ORF1. Due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system and a practical animal model for HEV, the mechanisms of HEV replication and pathogenesis are poorly understood. The recent identification and characterization of animal strains of HEV from pigs and chickens and the demonstrated ability of cross-species infection by these animal strains raise potential public health concerns for zoonotic HEV transmission. It has been shown that the genotypes 3 and 4 HEV strains from pigs can infect humans, and vice versa. Accumulating evidence indicated that hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease, and swine and perhaps other animal species are reservoirs for HEV. A vaccine against HEV is not yet available.
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Roe, Simon, ed. Protein Purification Techniques. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636747.001.0001.
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Proteins are an integral part of molecular and cellular structure and function and are probably the most purified type of biological molecule. In order to elucidate the structure and function of any protein it is first necessary to purify it. Protein purification techniques have evolved over the past ten years with improvements in equipment control, automation, and separation materials, and the introduction of new techniques such as affinity membranes and expanded beds. These developments have reduced the workload involved in protein purification, but there is still a need to consider how unit operations linked together to form a purification strategy, which can be scaled up if necessary. The two Practical Approach books on protein purification have therefore been thoroughly updated and rewritten where necessary. The core of both books is the provision of detailed practical guidelines aimed particularly at laboratory scale purification. Information on scale-up considerations is given where appropriate. The books are not comprehensive but do cover the major laboratory techniques and common sources of protein. Protein Purification Techniques focuses on unit operations and analytical techniques. It starts with an overview of purification strategy and then covers initial extraction and clarification techniques. The rest of the book concentrates on different purification methods with the emphasis being on chromatography. The final chapter considers general scale-up considerations. Protein Purification Applications describes purification strategies from common sources: mammalian cell culture, microbial cell culture, milk, animal tissue, and plant tissue. It also includes chapters on purification of inclusion bodies, fusion proteins, and purification for crystallography. A purification strategy that can produce a highly pure single protein from a crude mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and cell debris to is a work of art to be admired. These books (available individually or as a set)are designed to give the laboratory worker the information needed to undertake the challenge of designing such a strategy.
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Nozière, Pierre. INRA feeding system for ruminants. Edited by Daniel Sauvant and Luc Delaby. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-872-8.
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The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.
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Agency, International Atomic Energy, and Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture., eds. The use of non-structural proteins of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals. International Atomic Energy Agency, 2007.
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Christopher, Evans J., Brigitte L. Kieffer, David Jentsch, and Rafael J. Maldonado. Animal Models of Addiction. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0043.
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Drug addiction, now officially diagnosed as substance use disorder (SUD), is a chronic brain syndrome characterized by the compulsive use of drugs, loss of control over drug taking in spite of its adverse consequences, and relapse even after long periods of drug abstinence. Animal models have played a critical role in our understanding of the molecules, circuits, and behaviors associated with substance use disorders. This chapter reviews animal models that have been widely used to assess all stages of the addiction cycle: from drug initiation, through drug seeking, to withdrawal and relapse. We discuss the power of genetics, especially in generating rodent models for the discovery of essential proteins and pathways regulating behaviors exhibited during the different stages of the addiction cycle. Preclinical research in animal models will undoubtedly continue to reveal therapeutic strategies for substance use disorders.
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Carrero, Juan Jesús, Hong Xu, and Bengt Lindholm. Diet and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0101.
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The dietary management of non-dialysed CKD patients has focused on limiting the intake of substances which lead to accumulation of urea, potassium, phosphorus, and sodium. Recent advances in nutritional epidemiology have given us the opportunity to examine the relationships between diet and CKD. This chapter focuses on evidence relating to retarding progression of renal impairment in the early to mid stages of CKD. Limits may need to change if GFR falls. The hypothesis that a high dietary protein intake leads to progressive CKD through a mechanism of glomerular hyperfiltration has been taught for decades, and it appears effective in animals. However, the evidence that low-protein diets (LPDs) halt CKD progression in patients is weak. Their management is of course likely to include other interventions such as blood pressure control. There is risk to low-protein diets. There is some evidence that high protein intakes are harmful. We therefore recommend moderate protein intake (not low; not high – no protein supplements; around 1g/kg/day). Salt handling is impaired in most patients with CKD, probably even early stages, and hypertension is an early feature, except in salt-losing patients, to whom different rules apply. Salt intake tends to raise blood pressure, worsen proteinuria, and reduce the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on blood pressure and proteinuria. Very low salt intakes are difficult to comply with and limit diet. In early stages of CKD we therefore recommend restriction to moderately low levels (below 6g/day of salt; 100 mmol of sodium). Lower levels may have additional benefits, and these limits may need to be reduced as GFR declines. Potassium is associated with healthy, desirable foods such as fruit and vegetables. It should only be restricted if high serum values make this necessary.
Book chapters on the topic "Proteine non animali"
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W. Hoskin, D., R. A. Murgita, S. Hamel, and K.-O. Gronvik. "PREGNANCY INTERRUPTION BY A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THAT RECOGNIZES NON-T SUPPRESSOR CELLS IN MATERNAL LYMPHOID TISSUE." In Pregnancy Proteins in Animals, edited by Jann Hau. De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110858167-035.
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E. Martin, M., R. Vranckx, G. Vallette, C. Benassayag, and E. A. Nunez. "MODIFICATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF MURINE ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN AND HUMAN SEX BINDING PROTEIN BY NON ESTERIFIED FATTY ACIDS." In Pregnancy Proteins in Animals, edited by Jann Hau. De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110858167-030.
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He, Wenliang, Peng Li, and Guoyao Wu. "Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_7.
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AbstractBoth poultry meat and eggs provide high-quality animal protein [containing sufficient amounts and proper ratios of amino acids (AAs)] for human consumption and, therefore, play an important role in the growth, development, and health of all individuals. Because there are growing concerns about the suboptimal efficiencies of poultry production and its impact on environmental sustainability, much attention has been paid to the formulation of low-protein diets and precision nutrition through the addition of low-cost crystalline AAs or alternative sources of animal-protein feedstuffs. This necessitates a better understanding of AA nutrition and metabolism in chickens. Although historic nutrition research has focused on nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) that are not synthesized or are inadequately synthesized in the body, increasing evidence shows that the traditionally classified nutritionally nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), such as glutamine and glutamate, have physiological and regulatory roles other than protein synthesis in chicken growth and egg production. In addition, like other avian species, chickens do not synthesize adequately glycine or proline (the most abundant AAs in the body but present in plant-source feedstuffs at low content) relative to their nutritional and physiological needs. Therefore, these two AAs must be sufficient in poultry diets. Animal proteins (including ruminant meat & bone meal and hydrolyzed feather meal) are abundant sources of both glycine and proline in chicken nutrition. Clearly, chickens (including broilers and laying hens) have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs to achieve their maximum productivity and maintain optimum health particularly under adverse conditions such as heat stress and disease. This is a paradigm shift in poultry nutrition from the 70-year-old “ideal protein” concept that concerned only about EAAs to the focus of functional AAs that include both EAAs and NEAAs.
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Oh-Hora, Masatsugu, and Xiuyuan Lu. "Function of Orai/Stim Proteins Studied in Transgenic Animal Models." In Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152592-6.
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Sandal, Niels N., and Kjeld A. Marcker. "Some nodulin and Nod proteins show similarity to specific animal proteins." In Nitrogen Fixation. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6432-0_58.
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Schneider, Z. "8 Non-enzymatic Vitamin B12 Binding Proteins in Man and Animals." In Comprehensive B12. DE GRUYTER, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110844795.267.
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Noblet, J., E. Labussière, S. Dubois, et al. "Fasting heat production and metabolic body size in non-ruminant growing farm animals." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_107.
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Ranathunga, S. D., M. M. Abdelqader, and K. F. Kalscheur. "Nutrient digestion by dairy cows fed diets replacing starch with non- forage fiber." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_5.
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de Lange, C. F. M., C. L. Levesque, and H. R. Martínez-Ramírez. "Exploring the biology of energy and protein utilization in non-ruminant animals to improve nutrient utilization efficiencies." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_42.
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Old, C. A., and H. A. Rossow. "Linear and non-linear estimates of the efficiency with which metabolizable energy is used for maintenance or gain." In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-781-3_116.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Proteine non animali"
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Ünlü, Elif Işılay, and Ahmet Çınar. "Lesion Detection on Skin Images Using Improved U-Net." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.022.
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The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein of feeds from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been an important topic since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated about risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and proteins to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, however, the reported data is at times controversial. Earlier reports showed that tDNA fragments or protein derived from GM plants have not been detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products of farm animals. Other researchers have come out to demonstrate that there is the possibility of small fragments leaking out into the animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed at assessing the likely transfer and accumulation of tDNA/ proteins from transgenic feeds to animal (ruminants and non-ruminants) samples through evaluating the available experimental scientific published studies. This study has found out that the tDNA or protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (Cattle), tDNA fragments/protein have been detected in the GIT digesta, ruminal fluid and feces. In small ruminants (Goats), traces of tDNA/proteins have been detected in the GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they have been detected in blood, spleen, liver kidney and in the GIT digesta. In poultry, traces have been seen in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and Eggs. Regardless of some studies that have shown the transfer of tDNA/protein fragments to animal samples, we cannot base on these few studies to give a piece of general evidence about their transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of livestock animals. However, this study clearly shows possible transfer, hence intensive and authentic research on GM crops should be done before they are allowed for commercial use, studying issues like the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effect of feeding GM feeds to livestock.
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Matovu, Jacob, and Ahmet Alçiçek. "Investigations and Concerns about the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Livestock." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.011.
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The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein from feed derived from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been a major issue since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated the risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and protein to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, but some of the reported data are controversial. Previous reports showed that tDNA fragments or proteins derived from GM plants could not be detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products from livestock. Other researchers have shown that there is a possibility of small fragments entering animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the probable transfer and accumulation of tDNA/proteins from transgenic feeds in animal samples (ruminant and non-ruminant) by evaluating the available experimental studies published scientifically. This study found that the tDNA/protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (cattle), tDNA fragments/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, rumen fluid, and faeces. In small ruminants (goats), traces of tDNA/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they were detected in blood, spleen, liver, kidney, and GIT digesta. In poultry, traces were detected in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and eggs. Notwithstanding some studies that have shown transfer of tDNA/protein fragments in animal samples, we cannot rely on these few studies to give general evidence for transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of farm animals. However, this study clearly shows that transfer is possible. Therefore, intensive and authentic research should be conducted on GM plants before they are approved for commercial use, investigating issues such as the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effects of feeding GM feed to livestock.
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Tyurin, Yuri, and Sergey Kostenko. "L3 — a new innovative variety winter vetch for the Ural and Central Chernozem regions of Russia." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-41-44.
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Winter vetch, shaggy provides high-protein animal feed in the spring on complexes, food from this plant is perfectly absorbed by all domestic animals. The new variety of winter shaggy vetch "L3" surpasses the existing varieties in the productivity of green mass, dry matter, and seed productivity. In terms of protein content, this variety is not inferior to most varieties. The variety is recommended for two regions, but later zoning can be expanded. The variety is also characterized by high winter hardiness and drought resistance.
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Discher, Dennis, and Adam Engler. "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection After Myocardial Infarction Improves Myocardial Compliance." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176754.
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Cellular therapy for myocardial injury has improved ventricular function in both animal and clinical studies, though the mechanism of benefit is unclear. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of cellular injection after infarction on myocardial elasticity. Coronary artery ligation of Lewis rats was followed by direct injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into the acutely ischemic myocardium. Two weeks post-infarct, myocardial elasticity was mapped by atomic force microscopy. MSC-injected hearts near the infarct region were two-fold stiffer than myocardium from non-infarcted animals but softer than myocardium from vehicle-treated infarcted animals. After eight weeks, the following variables were evaluated: MSC engraftment and left ventricular geometry by histologic methods; cardiac function with a pressure-volume conductance catheter; myocardial fibrosis by Masson trichrome staining; vascularity by immunohistochemistry; and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. The human cells engrafted and expressed a cardiomyocyte protein but stopped short of full differentiation and did not stimulate significant angiogenesis. MSC-injected hearts showed significantly less fibrosis than controls, as well as less left ventricular dilation, reduced apoptosis, increased myocardial thickness, and preservation of systolic and diastolic cardiac function. In summary, MSC injection after myocardial infarction did not regenerate contracting cardiomyocytes but reduced the stiffness of the subsequent scar and attenuated post-infarction remodeling, preserving some cardiac function. Improving scarred heart muscle compliance could be a functional benefit of cellular cardiomyoplasty.
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G. Vaze, Rutuja, Annamma Odaneth, and Arvind M Lali. "Replacement of conventional nitrogen sources with non animal protein hydrolysates for cell growth." In Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-2489_biotech15.07.
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Oliveira, Luana de, Rebeca Alves De Oliveira Da Silva, Rafaella Guedes Santos, Franciele Aparecida Mendes De Oliveira, Michele Martins, and Mariana Scheraiber. "HIPERSENSIBILIDADE ALIMENTAR EM CÃO DA RAÇA WEIMARANER – RELATO DE CASO." In I Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1894.
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Introdução: A hipersensibilidade alimentar é uma reação adversa de origem imunológica a qualquer alimento ou aditivo, que gera prurido como principal sinal clínico, acompanhado ou não de sinais gastrointestinais. Não há predileções quanto a idade ou sexo e as raças Dálmata, West Highland White Terrier, Collie, Shar Pei, Cocker Spaniel, Schnauzer, Lhasa Apso e Labrador são descritas como as com maior predisposição. Para confirmação do diagnóstico, a substância irritante é retirada da dieta e se houver melhora do quadro clínico é feita uma exposição provocativa piorando novamente o quadro do paciente. Objetivos: O trabalho objetivou relatar um caso de hipersensibilidade alimentar em um cão. Material e métodos: Foi atendido um animal da raça Weimaraner com três meses de idade, apresentando sinais generalizados de prurido, alopecia, pústulas e crostas, fezes pastosas e otite externa bilateral. Sua dieta era à base de ração comercial de proteína de frango. Os diagnósticos diferenciais incluíram hipersensibilidade alimentar, dermatite atópica, dermatite alérgica à picada de pulga e sarna demodécica, que fora descartada posteriormente. Como conduta terapêutica foi prescrito banhos semanais com shampoo com Clorexidina solução a 2%, hidratante a base de óleo de macadâmia diariamente, solução otológica com Diazinon, Neomicina, Pimaricina e Acetato de Dexametasona por uma semana e suspensão da proteína de frango da dieta. Resultados: Iniciou-se uma nova dieta com ração comercial à base de proteína de salmão por dois meses, havendo melhora do quadro. Após esse período, foi realizado o estímulo provocativo com três rações comerciais diferentes com fonte proteica variada, uma a cada mês, sendo uma de carne bovina e frango, uma de proteína isolada de soja, frango e ovos e outra com proteína de carne ovina, salmão e frango, respectivamente. Em todas as rações observou-se piora no quadro clínico. Sendo assim, uma nova dieta com ração comercial somente de proteína ovina foi iniciada, obtendo melhora do quadro do animal em cerca de três semanas. Conclusão: A hipersensibilidade alimentar é uma afecção de difícil diagnóstico nos cães por ser semelhante a outras dermatopatias. O prognóstico é bom desde que o animal mantenha-se longe do alérgeno, seja por uma dieta comercial ou natural.
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Vermeer, C., BA M. Soute, and MM W. Ulrich. "IN VITRO CARBOXYLATION OF EXOGENOUS PROTEIN SUBSTRATES BY VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643994.
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In vivo treatment of experimental animals with vitamin K-antagonists induces the accumulation of non-carboxylated coagulation factor precursors in the liver, where they are tightly bound to vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. If hepatic carboxylase is isolated from warfarin-treated animals, it is obtained therefore almost exclusively in the form of an enzyme/substrate complex. If carboxylase is prepared from non-treated animals, on the other hand, the resulting enzyme is predominantly substrate-free. Small substrates like F L E E L or decarboxylated osteocalcinare carboxylated equally well by both types of carboxylase, but protein substrates(Mr > 30 000) are recognized exclusively by substrate-free carboxylase.Initial attempts to purify carboxylasewere performed with livers from warfarin-treated cows as a starting material. Antibodies against the normal blood coagulation factors crossreact with the hepatic precursor proteins so that the enzyme/substrate complexes could be specifically extracted from detergent-solubilized microsomes by the substrate/antibody interaction. This procedure resulted ina substantial purification of carboxylase, but because its endogenous substrate remained firmly bound, even after it had been carboxylated in vitro, the enzyme system was not suitable for the carboxylation of protein substrates.Therefore a second strategy was developed by which substrate-free carboxylase (from normal livers) was partly purified by sequential extraction of the microsomal membranes with detergents, followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography.This procedure resulted in a soluble carboxylase complex, still consisting of 7 proteins and phosphatidylcholine. Although further dissociation of the complex resulted in a complete loss of activity, it is not sure if all components play a role in the carboxylation reaction. Exogenous substrates which could be carboxylated by substrate-free carboxylase were: the penta-peptide F L E E L, descarboxyprothrombin from bovine plasma, thermally decarboxylated osteocalcin from bovine bone and non-car-boxy lated coagulaton factor precursors which had been produced by recombinant-DNA techniques in various laboratories. The . efficiency of CO^ incorporation was: 1 mole per 100 moles of F L E E L, 1 mole per 240 moles of descarboxy-prothrombin, 1 mole per mole of decarboxylated osteocalcin and 8 moles per mole of a recombinant factor IX precursor. We assume that the high efficiency with which the recombinant coagulation factor precursors were carboxylated is due to the presence of at least part of their leader sequence. The importance of the aminoacid chain preceding the first carboxylatable Glu residue is demonstrated by the fact that descarboxylated osteocalcin of bovine origin is carboxylated with a relatively high efficiency, whereas descarboxylated osteocalcin from monkey bone is not recognized atal.. Yet the only difference between the two substrates is found in their aminoacids 3 and 4, whereas the first carboxylatable Glu occurs at position 17. It seems, therefore, that the aminoacids 1-16 in bovine osteocalcin mimic to some extent part of the leader sequence in the coagulation factor precursors. Chemical or biochemical modification of decarboxylated osteocalcin might reveal which structural features contribute to its recognition by hepatic carboxylase.The optimal conditions for carboxylation include a high concentration of dithiols (e.g. DTT) and under these conditions disulfide bridges are reduced. Obviously this will lead to a complete destruction of the biological activity of various carboxylated products. Therefore we have searched for a more natural reducing system and it was found that the bacterial thioredoxin/thiore-doxin-reductase system in the presence of 40 uM NADFH was able to replace DTT in the reaction mixtures. Since a comparable system also occurs in calf liver it seems not unlikely that this is the physiological counterpart of the dithiols used in vitro.
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Karges, H. E., G. Zettlemeiβl, H. Naumann, U. Eberhard, and M. Bröker. "PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GENTECHNOLOGICALLY PREPARED ANTITHROMBIN III." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643684.
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Isolation and purification of antithrombin III (AT III) by affinity chromatography on immobilized heparin is a standard method for the large scale preparation of this protein from human or animal plasma. Hence, after AT III became available by gentechnological methods, we tried to adapt this procedure for the isolation of AT III from supernatants of mammalian- and yeast-cells. Indeed, it was possible to use this method also for the isolation of the recombinant gene products. Since, however, the cell growth media contain heterologous protein or peptide mixtures like fetal calf serum, the method had to be improved to avoid the adsorption of non human proteins or peptides. We are now able to purify AT III from CHO-cell-superna-tants to more than 95 % purity. The characterization of this AT III-product by double immuno diffusion revealed that it is immunologically totally identical with the authentic material from plasma. AT III antigen content, progressive inhibitor activity and heparin cofactor activity compare very well in the final product; hence, it is totally active compared to AT III from plasma.In polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis most of the material migrated differently to the authentic material showing 9 bands in equal distance to each other, instead four in the At III from plasma. After degradation with sialinidase from both AT III preparations identical cleavage products were obtained migrating predominantly as a single band. Hence, the electrophoretic heterogeneity seems to be due to a different degree of sialinyla-tion of the products.
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Egbring, R., R. Seitz, M. Wolf, L. Lerch, and T. Menges. "PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR COMPLEXES (PIC) IN SEPTIC AND NON-SEPTIC SHOCK. COAGULATION; LEUKOCYTE AND BACTERIAL PROTEASE INHIBITION BY MEANS OF PLASMA-INHIBITOR REPLACEMENT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644244.
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In septic or cardiac shock antithrombin III-thrombin (AT III-Thr) and a1antitrypsin-elastase(a1AT-ELP) as well as a2antiplas-min-plasmin (a2AP-Pl) are found to be elevated to different extents. In cardiac shock AT III-Thr is predominantly increased, while in septic disorders a2AT-ELP as indicator of leukocyte stimulation is additionally found to be elevated. Stimuli for leukocyte activation are bacterial endotoxins, immune complexes, factor Xlla and others. The possible action of bacterial proteases during septic infections is only known in animal models. To stop hemorrhagic complications in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) following septic (n=24) or non-septic (n=15) shock, we treated the patients with AT III concentrate and FFP in relatively high amounts containing a2macroglobulin (a2M), a1antitrypsin (a1AT) and others which are not available as concentrates. Subsequent to the procedure PIC's decreased, coagulation factors and inhibitors as well as thrombocyte counts increased. In in vitro models bacterial proteases have been shown to destroy a1AT, activate prothrombin and others. Only a2M may inhibit proteolytic activity of Staph aureus, N. meningitidis, P. aeroginosa and K1. pneumoniae and E. coli as our in vitro studies, using fibrin plates containing a2M, demonstrated. Not only bleeding or microthrombotic complications might be influenced by plasma derivative substitution, but also proteases released from bacteria
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Volovik, Valentina, and Anatoly Shpakov. "Cabbage crops in solving the problem feed protein in the Non-Chernozem zone." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-71-80.
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According to natural conditions, the non-black earth zone of Russia is the main region of concentration and specialization of meat and dairy cattle breeding, as well as pig and poultry breeding. In the near future, to ensure the food security of the region, including large industrial cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and others, it will be necessary to produce about 20.8 million tons of milk, 4.6 million tons of meat, 16.6 billion eggs. To produce such a quantity of products, it is necessary to produce about 77 million tons of feed units, including 40 million voluminous and 37 million concentrated feed, including insurance funds and livestock re-production. The most important condition for the effective use of feed is provided with their protein (feed protein) [1–3]. Scientific and practical experience shows that in solving the problem of providing forage with protein, the leading role in the Non-Black Earth Zone belongs to cold and frost-resistant oilseeds, and above all rapeseed. In the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology, highly productive varieties have been created, technological bases for their cultivation have been developed, which ensure the seed productivity of spring forms up to 3.5 t/ha and winter crops - up to 6 t / ha of oilseeds. The development and implementation of the rapeseed sowing program in the zone will allow meeting the needs for vegetable oils, producing in the required volumes high-protein supplements in the form of oilcakes and meal for animal husbandry and poultry farming.
Reports on the topic "Proteine non animali"
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P., BASTIAENSEN. Triage in the trenches, for the love of animals : a tribute to veterinarians in the First World War. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2018.nf.2883.
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On the occasion of the centenary of the First World War, remembered across the world from 2014 until the end of 2018, many aspects and experiences of this global conflict have been re-examined or brought to light for the first time, as we honour the memory of those estimated 16 million soldiers and civilians who perished in what was then known as the ‘Great War’, or the ‘War to End All Wars’. So many of these died on the infamous fields of Flanders, where Allied and Central Forces dug themselves into trenches for the better part of four years. Over the past few years, new research has brought to light many insights into the plight of animals in this War, which – for the younger readers amongst you – was fought at the dawn of motorised warfare, using anything powered by two or four feet or paws, from the homing pigeons delivering secret messages across enemy lines, to the traction provided by oxen and mules to pull cannons and other heavy artillery, to the horses of the cavalry. Not least among these roles was the supply of animal protein to the troops, whether this came through the specific designation of animals for this purpose or as the result of a failed attempt at delivering any of the above services. Several leading publications today have documented the role (and suffering) of animals in ‘La Grande Guerre’. Less so the role of veterinarians in the ‘War to End All Wars’. Who were they? How many? How were they organised? What did they do, on either side of the enemy lines? The present article is a humble attempt to shed some light on these veterinary colleagues, based on available, mostly grey, literature…