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Academic literature on the topic 'Protéine S – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Protéine S – Dissertations universitaires comme sujet"
Fareau-Saposnik, Béatrice. "Etude fonctionnelle du domaine homologue à la Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) de la protéine S et relation génotype-phénotype du récepteur des cellules endothéliales de la protéine C (EPCR), deux cofacteurs du système de la protéine C." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P625.
Full textThree cofactors participate to protein C (PC) anticoagulant pathway, the thrombomodulin (TM), the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and the protein S (PS). TM and EPCR are involved in the first step of the pathway by accelerating the PC activation step, whereas PS increases factors Va and VIIIa inactivation by activated PC (aPC), thereby inhibits further thrombin generation. If TM plays an unequivocal role by increasing by 20000 fold the PC activation into aPC, the role of PS and EPCR are more elusive since enzymatic reactions they favorize are increased by 20 or 5 fold, respectively. Nevertheless, the severe thrombotic disease observed in patients with homozygous protein S deficiency highlights the key role of PS in maintaining blood fluidity. Then, the mechanism by which PS inhibits coagulation in vitro remained to be elucidated, and this motivated the first part of our study. We focussed our work on the PS C-terminal domain, which is a sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)-like domain which replaces the serine protease domain found in other vitamin K dependent plasma proteins, the functions of which are unclear. We expressed the PS SHBG-like domain alone or together with its adjacent domain EGF4. These both recombinant modules were purified and their biochemical features revealed that they adopted the conformation of native PS, indicating that PS SHBG-like region is an independent folding unit. We also obtained the first evidence that the SHBG-like domain alone is sufficient to support the interaction with C4b-binding protein, and contains one Calcium binding site. However, neither recombinant module exhibited aPC cofactor activity in a clotting assay, suggesting that the PS SHBG-like domain must be part of the intact molecule for it to contribute to aPC activity, possibly by constraining the different domains in a conformation that permits optimal interaction with aPC. .
Beraud, Mélanie. "Le locus yciGFE(katN) du régulon sigma S : régulation différentielle chez E.coli et Salmonella par H-NS et le régulateur YncC." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077107.
Full textThe a regulon is set up to allow Enterobacteria to adapt to stationary phase of growth or in response to some stresses. The RNA polymerase subunit sigma S (encoded by rpoS) is a a factor whose expression and activity are tightly regulated and it plays a major role in general stress resistance, biofilm formation and virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Our study deals with the functional characterization of the as regulon. We used the ProteinChip SELDI- TOF technology in order to characterize the proteome of Salmonella mutants, including the yncC mutant. The sigma S- dependent gene yncC is of unkown function and encodes a putative regulatory protein that belongs to the GntR/FadR family of transcriptional regulators. Potential targets for YncC regulation were identified and subsequently validated by in vivo and in vitro experiments. These belong to the sigma S-dependent operon yclGFEkatN, which encodes a catalase and proteins of unknown function. The yclGFEkatN operon is repressed by H-NS, an histone-like protein known to repress the expression of numerous genes, especially horizontally acquired genes. The operon is partially present in Escherichia coli K-12 where it is also regulated by sigma S, YncC and H-NS. However, levels of expression and mechanisms of regulation the operon are different in the two species. This operon has probably been acquired by horizontal gene transfer in both species, but more recently in E. Coli K-12 than in Salmonella. Presumably, the ancestral acquisition of the yciGFEkatN genes in Salmonella has allowed integration of this operon, and tight regulation of its expression, within the sigma S regulatory network
Espeillac, Catherine. "Croissance hépatique et cancer : rôle des substrats de mTOR, Akt et S6K." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T012.
Full textWe are studying the function of mTOR in physiological, regenerative tumoral proliferation using several approaches ranging from site-directed mutagenesis in mice to pharmacological treatments. We were able to demonstrate a surprising functional specificity of substrates of mTOR, S6K and Akt, which are involved in distinct processes during liver regeneration and tumoral progression. We have shown that the mTORCl complex and more precisely the S6K1 have a role in liver regeneration. Our results indicate a role of cyclin Dl. We also showed that mTORC2 complex and more precisely Akt2 have a role in carcinogenesis. These advances in knowledge of targets of mTOR that regulate the cell cycle and tumoral progression have important implications in understanding the growth and cellular metabolism
Travagli-Gross, Julia. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène codant pour la protéine SOCS-1." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114821.
Full textInterleukin (IL)-4 is a pleotropic cytokine, which displays a variety of biological responses by binding to high affinity receptor complexes. The Jak-STAT pathway has been shown to be activated by IL-4. Activation of JAK, is pivotal for the activation of downstream signaling events including the recruitment and rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6. STAT6 can dimerize and translocate into the nucleus, where it regulates IL-4 target genes. Responsiveness to cytokines depends upon a balance of positive and negative regulators. Among these regulators SOCS proteins have been described to negatively regulate the JAK/STAT pathway. IL-4 upregulates Socs-1 in the keratinocyte HaCaT cell line, we investigated which sequence of the 5' Socs-1 gene are responsive to IL-4. Collectively, our data demonstrate the involvement of STAT6 and Ets, via a composite DNA element, in IL-4 regulation of Socs-1 gene expression in keratinocytes. We also studied the regulation of the promoter of the Socs-1 gene after stimulation by the IFN-g which is known to be very good inductive Socs-1 gene. We therefore examined the IFN-g activated transcription factors implicated in regulation of Socs-1 gene
Obiang, Linda. "Rôles des partenaires cellulaires de la protéine de matrice du virus de la stomatite vésiculaire dans le cycle viral." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077044.
Full textThe matrix protein (M) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a multifunctional 26,6 kDa small protein. M protein plays a key role in assembly and budding processes and is responsible for cellular synthesis shut down, microtubules destabilization and apoptosis. For these reasons, M protein recruits several cellular partners. Among cellular proteins identified so far, we are interested in Nedd4, E3 unbiquitin ligase and TSG101, a component of ESCRT I complex. 2-Yeast Hybrid technique allowed us to identify three news partners for M protein: Dynamin, protein involved in endocytic pathway, LMP2, catalytic subunit of immunoproteasome and Catenin a, that belongs to intercellular junctions. First, we studied the implication of Nedd4, TSG101 and dynamin during late stages of the viral cycle: assembly and budding. We characterized recombinants mutant virus containing matrix protein that does not interact anymore with one or two partners. For that, we developed a new technique to titrate with higher accuracy viral supernatants. We applied this technique for growth curves in different cell type. Our results" suggest that TSG101 plays a role during budding that highlighted with double mutant virus. EM observations indicate that dynamin acts upstream Nedd4. We also showed that some viral particles produced from an infection using virus containing M protein that does not interact with Nedd4 display an aberrant morphology and their M protein is no longer ubiquitinated. After, we started the study of new partners of M protein: LMP2 and Catenin a, previously identified. We expressed these proteins in fusion with GST and we have shown that these buildings were well able to interact with the M, confirming both interactions. Finally we could define residues and domains involved in M-LMP2 and M-Catenin a interactions. Preliminary experiments show that M protein and Catenin a colocalize at level of epithelial cells membrane. An results contribute to a better understanding of the interactome complex matrix protein
Lhuillier, Pierre. "Etude du rôle de la protéine TAT1/SLFC26A8 dans la lignée germinale mâle et de son implication dans les asthénozoospermies humaines." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T030.
Full textWe have previously identified TAT1/SLC26A8 as a potential target of Rho GTPases, exclusively expressed in human adult testis. TAT1 is a member of the SLC26 family and we have shown that TAT1 is located at the plasma membrane of germ cells at spermatocyte/spermatid stages and exhibits a transport activity towards sulfate and chloride anions. During my thesis, I characterized the phenotype of mice with a targeted disruption of Tat gene (knock out) and showed that Tatl protein is essential for sperm flagella differentiation and motility. Hence, Tat1-/- males are sterile due to severe asthenozoospermia and structural defects of the spermatozoa. Tatr spermatozoa display an atrophia of the annulus (the ring shape structure connecting the midpiece to the principal piece), a midpiece-principal piece disjunction and hairpin-like bending of the flagella leading to the disruption of the axonemal structure. In addition, we observed that Tat1-/- spermatozoa do not display the phosphorylation profile required for sperm capacitation. According to this phenotype, we showed that TAT1 is also expressed in mature sperm where it is specifically localized at the annulus. In order to investigate the implication of TAT1 in human asthenozoospermia, we performed imunodetection of TAT1 on sperm smear preparations from a cohort of 75 asthenozoospermic subjects. We identified one patient with a moderate asthenozoospermia associated with the absence of TAT1 staining at the annulus. By transmission electron miscroscopy, we observed complete lack of the annulus and midpiece-principal piece disjunction in spermatozoa from the patient. This case, so far unique, suggests that in human the integrity of the annulus is also required for proper sperm motility and flagella differentiation. Finally, in order to address the role of TAT1 anion transport activity in the control of sperm motility and capacitation, I generated two mutants (D95N and G218V) in TAT1 sequence, based on published data concerning mutations in SLC26 proteins that abolish transport activity without affecting plasma membrane localization. I analyzed these mutants, in vitro, and showed normal expression level and proper localization of the proteins at plasma membrane of COS cells. If, as we expect, these mutations inhibit TAT1 transport activity in vitro, we will proceed to their introduction into the murine Tatl gene in order to generate « knock in » mouse models
Trichet, Michaël. "Physiopathologie du syndrome de Lowe : étude du rôle de la protéine OCLR1 dans le trafic vésiculaire et la signalisation." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T030.
Full textMutations of OCRL 1 cause syndrome of Lowe, a rare X-linked disorder, mainly characterized by defects in kidneys, eyes and the brain. Regarding its partners, we studied the implication of OCRL1 in endocytosis in various human cell lines, each originated from affected organs. Thus we showed, in renal cells from Lowe patients, a defect in albumin uptake, correlated with an alteration of the actin cytoskeleton network and an increased level of phosphorylation-inactivated cofilin, a signaling pathway downstream of Rac. In a second part, we showed, in lens epithelial cells, that the two OCRL1 isoforms have different affinities to clathrin heavy chain and present different subcellular localizations; suggesting they are sequentially recruited to clathrin-coated pits. Finally, we observed, in human neuronal cells, that OCRL1 colocalizes with Rab5 and APPL1 within neuritis and that its depletion leads to the alteration of TrkA trafficking and signalisation
Daoud, Fatma. "Bases moléculaires et cellulaires du déficit mental associé aux dystrophinopathies : évaluation des conséquences de la perte de fonction de la protéine Dp71." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T015.
Full textThe presence of variable degrees of cognitive impairment, extending from selective cognitive deficit to severe MR in patients with dystrophinopathies is a well recognized problem. Dp71 is the major DMD-gene product in brain. To better understand molecular basis underlying mental retardation and its severity, we report a large phenotype/genotype study based on the comparison of clinical, neurosychological, molecular and expression data in a large cohort patients bearing mutations predicted to affect either all dystrophin products, including Dp71, or all dystrophin products, except Dp71. These phenotype-genotype correlations strangle indicate that loss of function of all dystrophin products is systematically associated with severe form of MR, and Dp71 deficit is a factor that contributes in the severity of MR. Then, we used complementary approaches to explore the role of Dp71 in neuronal function and identify putative mechanisms by which Dp71 'loss may impair neuronal and cognitive functions. We showed that Dp71 is expressed at both pre- and postsynaptic compartments of excitatory synapses. We found that Dp71-associated protein complexes interact with specialized modular scaffolds that cluster glutamate receptors and organize signaling in postsynaptic densities. We further showed that Dp71-null synapses display an abnormal distribution of postsynaptic proteins PSD-95, PSD-93 and SHANK. Electrophysiological analysis show an abnormally enhanced glutamatergic transmission mediated by AMPA and NMDA receptors and altered synaptic plasticity in CA1 hippocampal area. Analysis of the behavioral phenotype of Dp71-null mice revealed mild behavioral disturbances characterized by reduced exploratory behavior and delayed spatial learning. These findings suggest that Dp71 acts as a key regulator of glutamatergic synapse organization and function. This link between genetic loss of Dp71 and altered glutamatergic synapse function provides a mechanism which may underlie the increased severity of MR when inactivation of Dp71 is associated with that of other brain products of the DMD gene
Vitour, Damien. "Interaction de la protéine non structurale NSP3 de Rotavirus avec la protéine cellulaire RoXaN." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114845.
Full textNoureddine, Hiba. "Etude de l'association entre l'acétylcholinestérase et sa protéine d'ancrage membranaire "PRiMA"." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T009.
Full textThe nervous tissue and muscles of mammals express the T splice variant of acetylcholinesterase (ACHET), associatied with anchoring proteins, ColQ and PRiMA, producing respectively collagen-tailed forms and membrane-bound tetramers. These interactions are important since they condition the functional anchoring of AChE in cholinergic tissues. The collagen-tailed forms are inserted in the basal lamina at neuromuscular junction, while the membrane-bound tetramers are anchored at the cell surface through the transmembrane domain of PRiMA. The membrane-bound tetramers represent the major enzyme species in the brain. The association of AChEr subunits with ColQ has been extensively studied : it is based on an tight interaction between four t peptides and a praline-rich motif, called PRAD ("Proline-Rich Attachment Domain"), located in the N-terminal region of ColQ. The association of AChEj subunits with PRiMA appears similar because this transmembrane protein also contains a proline-rich motif, but there are significant differences in the number of pralines (8 in ColQ, 14 in PRiMA) and in the number and positions of cysteines that might form intercatenary disulfide bonds with the cysteine located near the C-terminus of the t peptides. Therefore, we have undertaken an analysis of the association of AChET with PRiMA. Using deletions and point mutations in PRiMA, we defined a minimal motif in PRiMA, which could associate with AChEr subunits