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Journal articles on the topic 'Proteine s1'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Thuong, Ho Thi, Le Thu Ngoc, Nguyen Thu Giang, et al. "Transient expression of recombinant S1 protein of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in Nicotiana benthamiana." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 19, no. 1 (2021): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/14614.

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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) is an infectious disease with high mortality especially in suckling piglets. Among the structural proteins of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV), the S protein (including sub-domain S1 and S2), is a homotrimer protein that plays an important role in attaching the viruses to the cell receptors. In particular, the S1 protein is considered as an important sub-component in the development of effective vaccines against PEDV. In this study, for the purpose of expressing S1 in the original form of trimmer and oligomer of trimer based on S-tag and S-protein interact

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Gürtler, Lutz. "Überlegungen zur Schutzdauer." Trillium Diagnostik 19, no. 1 (2021): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47184/td.2021.01.07.

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Als Reaktion auf eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion werden vorwiegend Antikörper gegen die Rezeptor-bindende Domäne des S1-Teils des Spike-Proteins, das Nukleokapsid und die Chymotrypsin-ähnliche Protease gebildet. Die T-Zell-Reaktion richtet sich neben der S1-Domäne und M-, N- und ORF-Protein-Epitope in stärkerem Ausmaß auch gegen die S2-Domäne, was eine Erklärung für den milderen Verlauf bei Kindern sein könnte.

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3

Hügle, B., R. Hazan, U. Scheer, and W. W. Franke. "Localization of ribosomal protein S1 in the granular component of the interphase nucleolus and its distribution during mitosis." Journal of Cell Biology 100, no. 3 (1985): 873–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.100.3.873.

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Using antibodies to various nucleolar and ribosomal proteins, we define, by immunolocalization in situ, the distribution of nucleolar proteins in the different morphological nucleolar subcompartments. In the present study we describe the nucleolar localization of a specific ribosomal protein (S1) by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy using a monoclonal antibody (RS1-105). In immunoblotting experiments, this antibody reacts specifically with the largest and most acidic protein of the small ribosomal subunit (S1) and shows wide interspecies cross-reactivity from amphibia to man. Be

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Deryusheva, Evgenia I., Andrey V. Machulin, Maxim A. Matyunin, and Oxana V. Galzitskaya. "Investigation of the Relationship between the S1 Domain and Its Molecular Functions Derived from Studies of the Tertiary Structure." Molecules 24, no. 20 (2019): 3681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203681.

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S1 domain, a structural variant of one of the “oldest” OB-folds (oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding fold), is widespread in various proteins in three domains of life: Bacteria, Eukaryotes, and Archaea. In this study, it was shown that S1 domains of bacterial, eukaryotic, and archaeal proteins have a low percentage of identity, which indicates the uniqueness of the scaffold and is associated with protein functions. Assessment of the predisposition of tertiary flexibility of S1 domains using computational and statistical tools showed similar structural features and revealed functional flexi

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5

Hui-Jun, Lu, He Wen-Qi, Song De-Guang, et al. "Identification of Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus receptor in PK cell membranes." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (2008): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479236208002209.

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AbstractTo identify Porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) 67N receptor in porcine kidney (PK) cell membranes, the S1 protein of HEV was expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatograph. Polyclonal antibodies to HEV were prepared by immunizing rabbits by injecting the purified S1 protein four times. After SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), the PK cell membrane proteins were transferred on to nitrocellulose membrane. A virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) was performed using the recombinant S1 protein to identify the protein bindin

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Machulin, Andrey, Evgenia Deryusheva, Mikhail Lobanov, and Oxana Galzitskaya. "Repeats in S1 Proteins: Flexibility and Tendency for Intrinsic Disorder." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 10 (2019): 2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20102377.

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An important feature of ribosomal S1 proteins is multiple copies of structural domains in bacteria, the number of which changes in a strictly limited range from one to six. For S1 proteins, little is known about the contribution of flexible regions to protein domain function. We exhaustively studied a tendency for intrinsic disorder and flexibility within and between structural domains for all available UniProt S1 sequences. Using charge–hydrophobicity plot cumulative distribution function (CH-CDF) analysis we classified 53% of S1 proteins as ordered proteins; the remaining proteins were relat

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Fox, Ted, Patrizia Mason, Andrew C. Storer, and John S. Mort. "Modification of S1 subsite specificity in the cysteine protease cathepsin B." "Protein Engineering, Design and Selection" 8, no. 1 (1995): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/8.1.53.

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Jana, Sirsendu, Michael R. Heaven, and Abdu I. Alayash. "Cell-Free Hemoglobin Does Not Attenuate the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit in Pulmonary Endothelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 9041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169041.

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SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects epithelial airway cells that express the host entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which binds to the S1 spike protein on the surface of the virus. To delineate the impact of S1 spike protein interaction with the ACE2 receptor, we incubated the S1 spike protein with human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAEC). HPAEC treatment with the S1 spike protein caused disruption of endothelial barrier function, increased levels of numerous inflammatory molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-1β, CCL5, CXCL10), elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (RO

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Davis, Elisabeth, Dustin Kennedy, Scott A. Halperin, and Song F. Lee. "Role of the Cell Wall Microenvironment in Expression of a Heterologous SpaP-S1 Fusion Protein byStreptococcus gordonii." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 5 (2010): 1660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02178-10.

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ABSTRACTThe charge density in the cell wall microenvironment of Gram-positive bacteria is believed to influence the expression of heterologous proteins. To test this, the expression of a SpaP-S1 fusion protein, consisting of the surface protein SpaP ofStreptococcus mutansand a pertussis toxin S1 fragment, was studied in the live vaccine candidate bacteriumStreptococcus gordonii. Results showed that the parent strain PM14 expressed very low levels of SpaP-S1. By comparison, thedltmutant strain, which has a mutation in thedltoperon preventingd-alanylation of the cell wall lipoteichoic acids, and

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INOUE, Akira, Yukitomo ARAO, Akira OMORI, et al. "Identification of S1 proteins B2, C1 and D1 as AUF1 isoforms and their major role as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein proteins." Biochemical Journal 372, no. 3 (2003): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021719.

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AUF1 (A+U-rich RNA binding factor) participates in the rapid decay of mRNAs in the cytoplasm. It is sometimes called heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) D0; however, evidence for its characterization as an hnRNP protein has been scarce. S1 proteins A–D are those selectively extracted at pH 4.9 from isolated nuclei pretreated with either RNase A or DNase I. In the present study we identified S1 (‘first supernatant’) proteins B2, C1 and D1 with p45, p40 and p37 AUF1s respectively, by microsequencing and product analysis of transfected cDNAs. We found, further, that more than 96% of t

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Lee, Song F., Yi-Jing Li, and Scott A. Halperin. "Overcoming codon-usage bias in heterologous protein expression in Streptococcus gordonii." Microbiology 155, no. 11 (2009): 3581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.030064-0.

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One of the limitations facing the development of Streptococcus gordonii into a successful vaccine vector is the inability of this bacterium to express high levels of heterologous proteins. In the present study, we have identified 12 codons deemed as rare codons in S. gordonii and seven other streptococcal species. tRNA genes encoding 10 of the 12 rare codons were cloned into a plasmid. The plasmid was transformed into strains of S. gordonii expressing the fusion protein SpaP/S1, the anti-complement receptor 1 (CR1) single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody, or the Toxoplasma gondii cyclop

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Fujii, Taiki, Kazuhiro Fukano, Keita Hirano, et al. "A new serine protease family with elastase activity is produced by Streptomyces bacteria." Microbiology 166, no. 3 (2020): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000880.

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We found an elastolytic activity in the culture supernatant of Streptomyces sp. P-3, and the corresponding enzyme (streptomycetes elastase, SEL) was purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture supernatant. The molecular mass of purified SEL was approximately 18 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE analysis and gel-filtration chromatography. Utilizing information from N-terminal amino acid sequencing of SEL and mass spectrometry of SEL tryptic fragments, we succeeded in cloning the gene-encoding SEL. The cloned SEL gene contains a 726 bp ORF, which encodes a 241 amino acid polypeptide containing a p

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Dong, Bo, Wei Gao, Huijun Lu, et al. "A Small Region of Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus Spike Protein Interacts with the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule." Intervirology 58, no. 2 (2015): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381060.

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Objective: The spike (S) protein of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) may mediate infection by binding to a cellular neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). This study aimed to identify the crucial domain of the S1 subunit of the S protein that interacts with NCAM. Methods: Three truncated segments (S1-291, S277-794 and S548-868) of the S gene of PHEV and the NCAM gene were cloned individually into the Escherichia coli expression vectors and yeast two-hybrid expression vectors. The interaction between S1-291, S277-794, S548-868 and NCAM were detected by a GST pull-down expe

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Shinzawa-Itoh, Kyoko, Shinya Yoshikawa, and Tomitake Tsukihara. "S1f1-2 Crystallization of membrane protein complexes(S1-f1: "Structural chemical studies on physiological functions of proteins",Symposia,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s109_4.

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Shiraishi, Kenji, Katsumasa Kamiya, Shuji Yamamoto, Mauro Boero, Masaru Tateno, and Atsushi Oshiyama. "S1f1-7 Theoretical approaches for protein function(S1-f1: "Structural chemical studies on physiological functions of proteins",Symposia,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s111_1.

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Johnson, M. D., G. M. Housey, P. T. Kirschmeier, and I. B. Weinstein. "Molecular cloning of gene sequences regulated by tumor promoters and mitogens through protein kinase C." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 8 (1987): 2821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.8.2821.

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cDNA clones representing genes whose expression is modulated by treatment with mitogens and tumor promoters were isolated and characterized. TPA-S1 corresponds to an mRNA species whose abundance was increased markedly within 1 h of exposure to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and TPA-R1 represents an mRNA that was decreased in TPA-treated cells. The induction of TPA-S1 was blocked by actinomycin D but was not affected by cycloheximide, and it was specific for phorbol esters with tumor-promoting activity. The role of protein kinase C in the induction of TPA-S1 is

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Johnson, M. D., G. M. Housey, P. T. Kirschmeier, and I. B. Weinstein. "Molecular cloning of gene sequences regulated by tumor promoters and mitogens through protein kinase C." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 8 (1987): 2821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.8.2821-2829.1987.

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cDNA clones representing genes whose expression is modulated by treatment with mitogens and tumor promoters were isolated and characterized. TPA-S1 corresponds to an mRNA species whose abundance was increased markedly within 1 h of exposure to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and TPA-R1 represents an mRNA that was decreased in TPA-treated cells. The induction of TPA-S1 was blocked by actinomycin D but was not affected by cycloheximide, and it was specific for phorbol esters with tumor-promoting activity. The role of protein kinase C in the induction of TPA-S1 is

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Le Seyec, J., P. Chouteau, I. Cannie, C. Guguen-Guillouzo, and P. Gripon. "Infection Process of the Hepatitis B Virus Depends on the Presence of a Defined Sequence in the Pre-S1 Domain." Journal of Virology 73, no. 3 (1999): 2052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.3.2052-2057.1999.

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ABSTRACT During the life cycle of hepatitis B virus (HBV), the large envelope protein (L) plays a pivotal role. Indeed, this polypeptide is essential for viral assembly and probably for the infection process. By performing mutagenesis experiments, we have previously excluded a putative involvement of the pre-S2 domain of the L protein in viral infectivity. In the present study, we have evaluated the role of the pre-S1 region in HBV infection. For this purpose, 21 mutants of the L protein were created. The entire pre-S1 domain was covered by contiguous deletions of 5 amino acids. First, after t

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Zyrianova, Irina. "Phylogenetic analysis of the betacoronavirus S1 subunit." F1000Research 9 (December 3, 2020): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27681.1.

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The ongoing pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been caused by the new betacoronavirus (BetaCoV) severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Together with other epidemic outbreaks of BetaCoV infectious diseases (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 in China and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012 in the Middle East, which have been caused by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively), these events have generated interest in the coronaviruses (CoVs). Although many phylogenetic analyzes have been reported at a gene or prot

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McClain, Mark S., Ping Cao, Hideki Iwamoto, et al. "A 12-Amino-Acid Segment, Present in Type s2 but Not Type s1 Helicobacter pylori VacA Proteins, Abolishes Cytotoxin Activity and Alters Membrane Channel Formation." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 22 (2001): 6499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.22.6499-6508.2001.

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ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative bacterium associated with gastritis, peptic ulceration, and gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, secretes a protein toxin, VacA, that causes vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells. Several different families of H. pylori vacA alleles can be distinguished based on sequence diversity in the “middle” region (i.e., m1 and m2) and in the 5′ end of the gene (i.e., s1 and s2). Type s2 VacA toxins contain a 12-amino-acid amino-terminal hydrophilic segment, which is absent from type s1 toxins. To examine the functional properties of VacA toxins containing t

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Yamayoshi, Seiya, Mariko Watanabe, Hideo Goto, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka. "Identification of a Novel Viral Protein Expressed from the PB2 Segment of Influenza A Virus." Journal of Virology 90, no. 1 (2015): 444–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02175-15.

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ABSTRACTOver the past 2 decades, several novel influenza virus proteins have been identified that modulate viral infectionsin vitroand/orin vivo. The PB2 segment, which is one of the longest influenza A virus segments, is known to encode only one viral protein, PB2. In the present study, we used reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting viral mRNAs transcribed from the PB2 segment to look for novel viral proteins encoded by spliced mRNAs. We identified a new viral protein, PB2-S1, encoded by a novel spliced mRNA in which the region corresponding to nucleotides 1513 to 1894 of the PB2 mRNA i

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Ryu, Chun Jeih, Dae-Yeon Cho, Philippe Gripon, Hee Sun Kim, Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo, and Hyo Jeong Hong. "An 80-Kilodalton Protein That Binds to the Pre-S1 Domain of Hepatitis B Virus." Journal of Virology 74, no. 1 (2000): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.1.110-116.2000.

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ABSTRACT It has been suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV) binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane of human hepatocytes via the pre-S1 domain of the large envelope protein as an initial step in HBV infection. However, the nature of the receptor remains controversial. In an attempt to identify a cell surface receptor for HBV, purified recombinant fusion protein of the pre-S1 domain of HBV with glutathioneS-transferase (GST), expressed in Escherichia coli, was used as a ligand. The surface of human hepatocytes or HepG2 cells was biotinylated, and the cell lysate (precleared lysate) which did

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Li, Fang. "Receptor Recognition Mechanisms of Coronaviruses: a Decade of Structural Studies." Journal of Virology 89, no. 4 (2014): 1954–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02615-14.

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Receptor recognition by viruses is the first and essential step of viral infections of host cells. It is an important determinant of viral host range and cross-species infection and a primary target for antiviral intervention. Coronaviruses recognize a variety of host receptors, infect many hosts, and are health threats to humans and animals. The receptor-binding S1 subunit of coronavirus spike proteins contains two distinctive domains, the N-terminal domain (S1-NTD) and the C-terminal domain (S1-CTD), both of which can function as receptor-binding domains (RBDs). S1-NTDs and S1-CTDs from thre

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Grishin, Sergei Y., Evgeniya I. Deryusheva, Andrey V. Machulin, et al. "Amyloidogenic Propensities of Ribosomal S1 Proteins: Bioinformatics Screening and Experimental Checking." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (2020): 5199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155199.

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Structural S1 domains belong to the superfamily of oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide-binding fold domains, which are highly conserved from prokaryotes to higher eukaryotes and able to function in RNA binding. An important feature of this family is the presence of several copies of the structural domain, the number of which is determined in a strictly limited range from one to six. Despite the strong tendency for the aggregation of several amyloidogenic regions in the family of the ribosomal S1 proteins, their fibril formation process is still poorly understood. Here, we combined computational an

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Kurpe, Stanislav, Sergei Grishin, Alexey Surin, et al. "Antimicrobial and Amyloidogenic Activity of Peptides Synthesized on the Basis of the Ribosomal S1 Protein from Thermus Thermophilus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (2020): 6382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176382.

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Controlling the aggregation of vital bacterial proteins could be one of the new research directions and form the basis for the search and development of antibacterial drugs with targeted action. Such approach may be considered as an alternative one to antibiotics. Amyloidogenic regions can, like antibacterial peptides, interact with the “parent” protein, for example, ribosomal S1 protein (specific only for bacteria), and interfere with its functioning. The aim of the work was to search for peptides based on the ribosomal S1 protein from T. thermophilus, exhibiting both aggregation and antibact

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Gudima, Severin, Yiping He, Ning Chai, et al. "Primary Human Hepatocytes Are Susceptible to Infection by Hepatitis Delta Virus Assembled with Envelope Proteins of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus." Journal of Virology 82, no. 15 (2008): 7276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00576-08.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) share the HBV envelope proteins. When woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) are superinfected with HDV, they produce HDV with a WHV envelope, wHDV. Several lines of evidence are provided that wHDV infects not only cultured primary woodchuck hepatocytes (PWH) but also primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Surprisingly, HBV-enveloped HDV (hHDV) and wHDV infected PHH with comparable efficiencies; however, hHDV did not infect PWH. The basis for these host range specificities was investigated using as inhibit

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Xu, N., K. M. Coulter, J. E. Krochko, and J. D. Bewley. "Morphological stages and storage protein accumulation in developing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds." Seed Science Research 1, no. 2 (1991): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500000751.

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AbstractIdentification of discrete stages during embryogenesis is important for the consistent and repeatable selection of seeds having similar developmental characteristics. A timetable for staging developing seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been developed. Morphological characteristics, fresh and dry weights, SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoretic protein patterns and total protein content were recorded at various times between fertilization and 36 d after pollination (maturity), stages I–IX. A full complement of storage proteins (2S, 7S, 11S) is synthesized in both developing cotyle

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Schuh, Claus D., Marcello Polesel, Evgenia Platonova, et al. "Combined Structural and Functional Imaging of the Kidney Reveals Major Axial Differences in Proximal Tubule Endocytosis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 29, no. 11 (2018): 2696–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2018050522.

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BackgroundThe kidney proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs filtered macromolecules via receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) or nonspecific fluid phase endocytosis (FPE); endocytosis is also an entry route for disease-causing toxins. PCT cells express the protein ligand receptor megalin and have a highly developed endolysosomal system (ELS). Two PCT segments (S1 and S2) display subtle differences in cellular ultrastructure; whether these translate into differences in endocytotic function has been unknown.MethodsTo investigate potential differences in endocytic function in S1 and S2, we quan

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Ito, Yutaka, Kaori Kurashima-Ito, Kayano Moromisato, et al. "S1f2-1 NMR studies of periplasmic binding proteins(S1-f2: "Functions and dynamics of protein systems in various aspect",Symposia,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s119_1.

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Le Duff, Yann, Matthieu Blanchet, and Camille Sureau. "The Pre-S1 and Antigenic Loop Infectivity Determinants of the Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Proteins Are Functionally Independent." Journal of Virology 83, no. 23 (2009): 12443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01594-09.

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ABSTRACT The hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope proteins bear two determinants of viral entry: a receptor-binding site (RBS) in the pre-S1 domain of the large envelope protein and a conformation-dependent determinant, of unknown function, in the antigenic loop (AGL) of the small, middle, and large envelope proteins. Using an in vitro infection assay consisting of susceptible HepaRG cells and the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) as a surrogate of HBV, we first investigated whether subelements of the pre-S1 determinant (amino acids 2 to 75), i.e., the N-terminal myristoyl anchor, subdomain 2-48 (RBS),

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Dale, Glenn E., Clemens Broger, Hanno Langen, Allan D' Arcy, and Dietrich Stüber. "Improving protein solubility through rationally designed amino acid replacements: solubilization of the trimethoprim-resistant type S1 dihydrofolate reductase." "Protein Engineering, Design and Selection" 7, no. 7 (1994): 933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/7.7.933.

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Sukhodolets, M. V. "Ribosomal protein S1 promotes transcriptional cycling." RNA 12, no. 8 (2006): 1505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.2321606.

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van den Brink, Edward N., Jan ter Meulen, Freek Cox, et al. "Molecular and Biological Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies Binding to the Spike and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus." Journal of Virology 79, no. 3 (2005): 1635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.3.1635-1644.2005.

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ABSTRACT Human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were selected from semisynthetic antibody phage display libraries by using whole irradiated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) virions as target. We identified eight human MAbs binding to virus and infected cells, six of which could be mapped to two SARS-CoV structural proteins: the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins. Two MAbs reacted with N protein. One of the N protein MAbs recognized a linear epitope conserved between all published human and animal SARS-CoV isolates, and the other bound to a nonlinear N epitope. These

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Reguera, Juan, Desiderio Ordoño, César Santiago, Luis Enjuanes, and José M. Casasnovas. "Antigenic modules in the N-terminal S1 region of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike protein." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 5 (2011): 1117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.027607-0.

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The N-terminal S1 region of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) spike (S) glycoprotein contains four antigenic sites (C, B, D and A, from the N- to the C-terminal end) and is engaged in host-cell receptor recognition. The most N-terminal portion of the S1 region, which comprises antigenic sites C and B, is needed for the enteric tropism of TGEV, whereas the major antigenic site A at the C-terminal moiety is required for both respiratory and enteric cell tropism, and is engaged in recognition of the aminopeptidase N (APN) receptor. This study determined the kinetics for binding of a

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Chai, Ning, Severin Gudima, Jinhong Chang, and John Taylor. "Immunoadhesins Containing Pre-S Domains of Hepatitis B Virus Large Envelope Protein Are Secreted and Inhibit Virus Infection." Journal of Virology 81, no. 10 (2007): 4912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02865-06.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication produces three envelope proteins (L, M, and S) that have a common C terminus. L, the largest, contains a domain, pre-S1, not present on M. Similarly M contains a domain, pre-S2, not present on S. The pre-S1 region has important functions in the HBV life cycle. Thus, as an approach to studying these roles, the pre-S1 and/or pre-S2 sequences of HBV (serotype adw2, genotype A) were expressed as N-terminal fusions to the Fc domain of a rabbit immunoglobulin G chain. Such proteins, known as immunoadhesins (IA), were highly expressed following transfectio

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Nara, Masayuki. "S1f1-5 Infrared Spectroscopic Analyses of calcium-binding protein structure(S1-f1: "Structural chemical studies on physiological functions of proteins",Symposia,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s110_3.

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Ambepitiya Wickramasinghe, I. N., R. P. de Vries, E. A. W. S. Weerts, et al. "Novel Receptor Specificity of Avian Gammacoronaviruses That Cause Enteritis." Journal of Virology 89, no. 17 (2015): 8783–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00745-15.

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ABSTRACTViruses exploit molecules on the target membrane as receptors for attachment and entry into host cells. Thus, receptor expression patterns can define viral tissue tropism and might to some extent predict the susceptibility of a host to a particular virus. Previously, others and we have shown that respiratory pathogens of the genusGammacoronavirus, including chicken infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), require specific α2,3-linked sialylated glycans for attachment and entry. Here, we studied determinants of binding of enterotropic avian gammacoronaviruses, including turkey coronavirus (TC

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Hung, S. H., and L. Hedstrom. "Converting trypsin to elastase: substitution of the S1 site and adjacent loops reconstitutes esterase specificity but not amidase activity." Protein Engineering Design and Selection 11, no. 8 (1998): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/protein/11.8.669.

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Ravichandran, Supriya, Elizabeth M. Coyle, Laura Klenow, et al. "Antibody signature induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunogens in rabbits." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 550 (2020): eabc3539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abc3539.

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Multiple vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 based on viral spike protein are under development. However, there is limited information on the quality of antibody responses generated with these vaccine modalities. To better understand antibody responses induced by spike protein–based vaccines, we performed a qualitative study by immunizing rabbits with various SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigens: S ectodomain (S1+S2; amino acids 16 to 1213), which lacks the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains (CT-TM), the S1 domain (amino acids 16 to 685), the receptor binding domain (RBD) (amino acids 319 to

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Montalto, G., J. Bonicel, L. Multigner, M. Rovery, H. Sarles, and A. De Caro. "Partial amino acid sequence of human pancreatic stone protein, a novel pancreatic secretory protein." Biochemical Journal 238, no. 1 (1986): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2380227.

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Pancreatic stone protein (PSP) is the major organic component of human pancreatic stones. With the use of monoclonal antibody immunoadsorbents, five immunoreactive forms (PSP-S) with close Mr values (14,000-19,000) were isolated from normal pancreatic juice. By CM-Trisacryl M chromatography the lowest-Mr form (PSP-S1) was separated from the others and some of its molecular characteristics were investigated. The Mr of the PSP-S1 polypeptide chain calculated from the amino acid composition was about 16,100. The N-terminal sequences (40 residues) of PSP and PSP-S1 are identical, which suggests th

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Soede, Ron D. M., Yvonne M. Wijnands, Marga Kamp, Martin A. van der Valk, and Ed Roos. "Gi and Gq/11 proteins are involved in dissemination of myeloid leukemia cells to the liver and spleen, whereas bone marrow colonization involves Gq/11 but not Gi." Blood 96, no. 2 (2000): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.2.691.

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Abstract The migration of leukocytes into tissues is regulated by chemokines and other chemotactic factors that act on receptors that signal through Gi proteins. It seems likely that the colonization of tissues during dissemination of hematopoietic tumor cells is similarly regulated. In fact, dissemination of a T-cell hybridoma, a model for T lymphoma, was blocked when Gi proteins were inactivated by the S1 catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin that had been transfected into those cells. Pertussis toxin S1 blocked dissemination of MDAY-D2 murine myeloid leukemia cells to the liver and spleen, a

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Soede, Ron D. M., Yvonne M. Wijnands, Marga Kamp, Martin A. van der Valk, and Ed Roos. "Gi and Gq/11 proteins are involved in dissemination of myeloid leukemia cells to the liver and spleen, whereas bone marrow colonization involves Gq/11 but not Gi." Blood 96, no. 2 (2000): 691–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.2.691.014k48_691_698.

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The migration of leukocytes into tissues is regulated by chemokines and other chemotactic factors that act on receptors that signal through Gi proteins. It seems likely that the colonization of tissues during dissemination of hematopoietic tumor cells is similarly regulated. In fact, dissemination of a T-cell hybridoma, a model for T lymphoma, was blocked when Gi proteins were inactivated by the S1 catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin that had been transfected into those cells. Pertussis toxin S1 blocked dissemination of MDAY-D2 murine myeloid leukemia cells to the liver and spleen, as in T-ce

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Barrera, Azeneth, Bernadette Guerra, Lena Notvall, and Robert E. Lanford. "Mapping of the Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S1 Domain Involved in Receptor Recognition." Journal of Virology 79, no. 15 (2005): 9786–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.15.9786-9798.2005.

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ABSTRACT Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and woolly monkey hepatitis B virus (WMHBV) are primate hepadnaviruses that display restricted tissue and host tropisms. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) particles pseudotyped with HBV and WMHBV envelopes (HBV-HDV and WM-HDV) preferentially infect human and spider monkey hepatocytes, respectively, thereby confirming host range bias in vitro. The analysis of chimeric HBV and WMHBV large (L) envelope proteins suggests that the pre-S1 domain may comprise two regions that affect infectivity: one within the amino-terminal 40 amino acids of pre-S1 and one downstream of this r

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Shmulevitz, Maya, Zareen Yameen, Sandra Dawe, et al. "Sequential Partially Overlapping Gene Arrangement in the Tricistronic S1 Genome Segments of Avian Reovirus and Nelson Bay Reovirus: Implications for Translation Initiation." Journal of Virology 76, no. 2 (2002): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.2.609-618.2002.

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ABSTRACT Previous studies of the avian reovirus strain S1133 (ARV-S1133) S1 genome segment revealed that the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the ςC viral cell attachment protein initiates over 600 nucleotides distal from the 5′ end of the S1 mRNA and is preceded by two predicted small nonoverlapping ORFs. To more clearly define the translational properties of this unusual polycistronic RNA, we pursued a comparative analysis of the S1 genome segment of the related Nelson Bay reovirus (NBV). Sequence analysis indicated that the 3′-proximal ORF present on the NBV S1 genome segment also encodes

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Norton, Raymond S., Shenggen Yao, Zhihe Kuang, et al. "S1f2-6 Structure, dynamics and function in proteins : flexibility matters(S1-f2: "Functions and dynamics of protein systems in various aspect",Symposia,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006)." Seibutsu Butsuri 46, supplement2 (2006): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.46.s120_2.

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Cho, Dae-Yeon, Gi-Hyeok Yang, Chun Jeih Ryu, and Hyo Jeong Hong. "Molecular Chaperone GRP78/BiP Interacts with the Large Surface Protein of Hepatitis B Virus In Vitro and In Vivo." Journal of Virology 77, no. 4 (2003): 2784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.4.2784-2788.2003.

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ABSTRACT The proper folding and assembly of viral envelope proteins are mediated by host chaperones. In this study, we demonstrated that an endoplasmic reticulum luminal chaperone GRP78/BiP bound specifically to the pre-S1 domain of the L protein in vitro and in vivo where complete viral particles were secreted, suggesting that GRP78/BiP plays an essential role in the proper folding of the L protein and/or assembly of viral envelope proteins.

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Li, Fang, Marcelo Berardi, Wenhui Li, Michael Farzan, Philip R. Dormitzer, and Stephen C. Harrison. "Conformational States of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Ectodomain." Journal of Virology 80, no. 14 (2006): 6794–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02744-05.

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ABSTRACT The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus enters cells through the activities of a spike protein (S) which has receptor-binding (S1) and membrane fusion (S2) regions. We have characterized four sequential states of a purified recombinant S ectodomain (S-e) comprising S1 and the ectodomain of S2. They are S-e monomers, uncleaved S-e trimers, cleaved S-e trimers, and dissociated S1 monomers and S2 trimer rosettes. Lowered pH induces an irreversible transition from flexible, L-shaped S-e monomers to clove-shaped trimers. Protease cleavage of the trimer occurs at the S1-S2 boundar

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Barile, Elisa, Carlo Baggio, Luca Gambini, Sergey A. Shiryaev, Alex Y. Strongin, and Maurizio Pellecchia. "Potential Therapeutic Targeting of Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Priming." Molecules 25, no. 10 (2020): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102424.

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Processing of certain viral proteins and bacterial toxins by host serine proteases is a frequent and critical step in virulence. The coronavirus spike glycoprotein contains three (S1, S2, and S2′) cleavage sites that are processed by human host proteases. The exact nature of these cleavage sites, and their respective processing proteases, can determine whether the virus can cross species and the level of pathogenicity. Recent comparisons of the genomes of the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV2 and MERS-CoV, with less pathogenic strains (e.g., Bat-RaTG13, the bat homologue of SARS-CoV2) identified pos

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Chambers, James P., Jieh Yu, James J. Valdes, and Bernard P. Arulanandam. "SARS-CoV-2, Early Entry Events." Journal of Pathogens 2020 (November 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9238696.

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Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, and host cell entry is the first step in the viral life cycle. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) entry process into susceptible host tissue cells is complex requiring (1) attachment of the virus via the conserved spike (S) protein receptor-binding motif (RBM) to the host cell angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, (2) S protein proteolytic processing, and (3) membrane fusion. Spike protein processing occurs at two cleavage sites, i.e., S1/S2 and S 2 ′ . Cleavage at the S1/S2 and S 2 ′ sites ultimately gives rise to generation of competent fusion

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Arlt, Alexander, Jörg Minkenberg, Marie-Luise Kruse, Frauke Grohmann, Ulrich R. Fölsch, and Heiner Schäfer. "Immediate early gene-X1 interferes with 26 S proteasome activity by attenuating expression of the 19 S proteasomal components S5a/Rpn10 and S1/Rpn2." Biochemical Journal 402, no. 2 (2007): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061072.

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The stress response gene IEX-1 (immediate early gene-X-1) is involved in the regulation of cell growth and cellular viability. To some extent, these effects include an interference with the proteasomal turnover of certain regulatory proteins. Here, we show that IEX-1 directly attenuates the activity and formation of the 26 S proteasome in HEK-293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells). We further demonstrate that IEX-1 reduces the overall expression levels of certain protein components of the 19 S proteasomal subunit such as S5a/Rpn10 and S1/Rpn2, whereas the expression of other proteasomal prot

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