Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines – Dénaturation'
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Toustou, Mathilde. "Stabilisation thermique de protéines par des polymères." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066424.
Full textAwama, Mohamad Ayman. "Relation structure-fonction dans la famille des guanidino kinases." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10255.
Full textThe first part of this thesis describes the comparative unfolding of guanidino kinases with differing quaternary structure (monomer, dimer or octamer). These enzymes catalyze the reversible transfer of the ATP γ phosphate to a guanidylic acceptor (creatine, arginine). We have shown, that for dimer or octamer creatine kinases, association of subunits is required for expression of catalytic activity. However, a higher level of quaternary structure does not provide these enzymes an increased conformational stability as compared to a monomeric arginine kinase. In a second part, we describe the characterization of a new guanidino kinase displaying a duplicated structure and which is expressed in Schistosoma mansoni cercariae. We have developed expression and purification protocols for the untagged protein, identified its physiological substrates, defined its enzymatic parameters in the direction of phosphagene formation, crystallized this enzyme and determined its three-dimensional structure by X-ray diffraction
Capron, Arnaud. "Etude de la voie de protéolyse D-box-dépendante chez les plantes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13191.
Full textSourisseau, Tony. "Etude du système ubiquitine-protéasome dans l'apoptose." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10009.
Full textSolis, Pacheco Josue Raymundo. "Modifications de la surface de la [béta]-galactosidase de Kluyveromyces lactis : effets sur la stabilisation thermique." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0007.
Full textTwo types of molecules were used for the chemical modification of th beta-galactosidase : The dextran that has a hydrophile character and the glycol polyethylene that is an amphiphile polymer. The property of the modified beta-galactosidase were studied. The variations such that the hydrodynamics volume, the charge and the hydrophobe character of the surface ; also variations of catalytic parameters of the enzyme and his thermal stability. Property of modified enzymes in comparison with his stability to been observed thanks to the determination the protective effect and deactivation by differential determination scanning. We were able to show that the liaison of the dextran induces an increase of his thermal stability in aqueous environment. The realized modification with PEG (low level) give place to increase of the hydrophobe character of the beta-galactosidase. Nevertheless a very pronounced decrease of the activity of the beta-galactosidase could be observed after these modifications
Linares, Laëtitia. "Caractérisation de l'ubiquitylation-dégradation médiée par Mdm2, de la protéine oncosuppressive p53." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20079.
Full textThirant, Cécile. "Approche protéomique de la physiopathologie des gliomes humains." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066338.
Full textBetton, Jean-Michel. "Étude du repliement in-vitro de la phosphoglycérate kinase in-vitro." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112277.
Full textCouthon, Fabienne. "Etude de la dénaturation d'une protéine dimérique : la créatine kinase de muscle de lapin." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10257.
Full textNominé, Yves. "Caractérisation biophysique de la qualité des protéines de fusion : application à l'étude structurale et fonctionnelle de l'oncoprotéine virale E6." Strasbourg 1, 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/NOMINE_Yves_2002.pdf.
Full textE6 is an oncoprotein produced by "high risk" Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) involved in cervical cancers. E6 participates oncogenesis through different pathways, in particular by degrading the cellular tumor suppressor protein p53. The aim of this thesis was to solve the solution structure of E6 by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The introduction chapter first focuses on the different states (micro- and macroscopic) adopted by globular proteins in solution, including notions such as folding and stability. Then we record the principles, applications and limits of various biophysical techniques for the study of proteins. Finally, we briefly introduce the biological context of E6 protein. At the start of this work, E6 had never been purified although its sequence was known since 1985. In the results section, we first demonstrate that bacterial expression of E6 fused to the C-terminus of MBP (Maltose Binding Protein) generates " soluble inclusion bodies ". These particles, which originate from agregation of misfolded E6 moieties, remain soluble thanks to the high solubility of MBP moities. These observations have allowed us to produce soluble and folded samples of full-length E6 as well as its two zinc-binding domains. Finally, we have managed to solve the NMR structure of the C-terminal zinc-binding domain. On another hand, the optimized quality of our E6 samples have allowed us to demonstrate E6 binding to a particular DNA structural motif found in four-way DNA junctions. The kinetic parameters of this interaction have been determined by BIAcore. This work will provide a better understanding of the molecular pathways of E6 action and opens the way for new therapeutic strategies against cervical cancers. Furthermore, our methods for control and optimization of protein fusion quality can be generalized for future studies of other recalcitrant proteins
Bossis, Guillaume. "Etude de la dégradation et de la sumoylation de la proto-oncoprotéine c-FOS." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20052.
Full textCouturier, Bruno. "Étude conformationnelle de la phosphatase alcaline de mammifère : influence des ponts disulfure et de l'ancre glycosylphosphatidylinositol." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10266.
Full textDuval, Caroline. "Elaboration de dérivés du pullulane à amphiphilie contrôlée : Application à l'extraction de protéines membranaires intégrales." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES003.
Full textStudy of integral membrane proteins is of great importance for the understanding of cellular mechanisms, such as photosynthesis, respiration, or bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Those highly hydrophobic proteins are water insoluble; surfactants are thus necessary for their handling in aqueous solutions. Among surfactants recently developed for this use, amphiphilic polymers called amphipols display interesting potential. Amphiphilic biopolymers with similar properties would be particularly attractive. Therefore, we tried to develop hydrophobically-modified polysaccharides able to extract integral membrane proteins and to make them soluble, under non-denaturing conditions. Pullulan is a water-soluble, flexible polysaccharide. Its chemical modification is well controlled. A set of amphiphilic pullulan derivatives with moderate molar mass ( " 30 000 g. Mol-1) was prepared. Carboxymethyl groups were first introduced (0,2 to 1,2 per anhydroglucose unit) to favor water-solubility of amphiphilic derivatives. Large extents (up to 48%) of alkyl (C8 to C12) and 3-phenylpropyl hydrophobic chains were then grafted through amide or ester linkages. Amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans display surface-active properties. Hydrophobic microdomain formation was evidenced in aqueous solution. According to the samples studied, various aggregation phenomena were observed. Some amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans are actually able to extract membrane proteins from their lipid surrounding. Comparison of their capacities led to identify C4?18C10d (pullulan with 18% decyl groups and 91% ungrafted carboxymethyl groups) as the most efficient sample. The effect of this amphiphilic biopolymer on protein activity is similar to that of a mild detergent
Welsch, Carole Alice. "Identification des voies métaboliques et cibles moléculaires impliquées dans le mécanisme d'action de l'immunosuppresseur FTY720 dans le système modèle de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13086.
Full textFTY720 is a novel immunosuppressor synthetically derived from the natural compound, myriocin. We identified molecular targets and pathways involved in FTY720's mechanism of action using the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system for eukaryotic cells. We isolated cells that were resistant to the drug by simple gene overexpression from yeast genomic DNA libraries cloned into high copy vector. In addition, genomic mutants resistant to FTY720 were isolated and characterised. Data indicated that ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation as well as amino acid transporters were involved in the mechanism of action of the compound. Several models are proposed to replace our candidate genes. In parallel, gene expression profiles and a proteome-wide analysis were performed to complete the previous genetic studies
Chapelier, Alhan. "Modifications radioinduites dans les protéines à l'état solide." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112351.
Full textIn this study four proteins were irradiated in the solid state at ambient temperature. Thioredoxine, lysozyme and a-lactalbumine were irradiated in the lyophilised state, human insulin was irradiated in the hexameric crystalline state. For all proteins and whatever the irradiation atmosphere is, irradiation seems to lead to only small changes. For doses lower than 5 kGy, all methods lead to the same conclusion : the percent of degradation is lower than 5 %. Irradiation affect all levels of organisation. As for primary structure, we did not detect any sequence or residue that would be specially sensitive. We have evidences for oxidative degradation pathway, specially on aromatic residues and this conclusion seems general. As for the secondary structure, insulin appears more sensitive than other proteins. Two different kinds of degradation appear, since we get more compact and more released proteins. .
Derevier, Aude. "Etude de la protéolyse dépendante du motif Dbox au cours du cycle cellulaire et du développement chez les végétaux supérieurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13180.
Full textLeydier, Chantal. "Etude structurale de la créatine kinase cytosolique MM : caractérisation des processus de dépliement-repliement." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10181.
Full textCluet, David. "Nef, protéine multifonctionnelle des lentivirus de primates : Aspects moléculaires de la dérégulation de l'expression de surface du CD4." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13016.
Full textKieffer, Anne-Estelle. "Implication de l'ubiquitine dans l'immunité innée : Activité antimicrobienne des fragments N-et C-terminaux de l'ubiquitine." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13146.
Full textUbiquitin (Ub) is a multifunctionnal highly converved protein, which is implicated in protein degradation. Our results integrate Ub into the concept of Neuroimmunity. Ub is stored in secretory granules of chromaffin cells and released during stress into the circulation with catecholamines and antimicrobial peptides derived from chromogranins and proenkephalin-A during stress. The C-terminal fragment Ub65-76 displays a potent antifungal activity, crosses the cell wall of fungi and inhibits calmodulin-dependent calcineurin, an enzyme crucial for fungal growth. Ub65-76 and the N-terminal peptide (residues 1-34) could be generated during an infection with S. Aureus and act synergistically to kill fungi. Furthermore, they don't display any toxicity towards mammalian cells. The Ub C-terminal-derived peptide (Ub65-76) could be used with the N-terminal peptide (Ub1-34) and antimicrobial peptides derived from chromogranins as new antifungal agents
N'Ngue, Marie-Andrée. "L'alpha-lactalbumine : susceptibilité à la protéolyse liée aux changements conformationnels induits thermiquement : Recherche de peptides à activité anti-oxydante." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10051.
Full textThe structural modifications of bovine a-lactalbumin, known for its resistance toward proteases, were studied at various temperatures (from 25 to 70°C) by circular dichroism and by proteolytic approach using a thermostable enzyme, thermolysin (EC 3. 4. 24. 27). The various peptides produced during the hydrolyses were identified by mass spectrometry. A-Lactalbumin, resistant toward the hydrolysis at 25°C, becomes sensible from 40°C, because it adopts a molten globule-like state (MG) while preserving its chelated calcium. The MG-like state is the main form at 70°C and the protein is completely hydrolysed for 1 min of incubation at this temperature. The 1-58 amino-terminal and 95-123 carboxy-terminal regions of a-lactalbumin in its MG-like state are quickly hydrolysed by thermolysin, whereas the central region, which includes the binding site of calcium, is more resistant toward the hydrolysis at 70°C. Peptides with antioxidant activity have been identified in thermolysic hydrolysates from bovine and equine a-lactalbumins. Their concentration that decreases by 50% the concentration of the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation is lower than 10 mM. These antioxydant peptides, that are homologous for the two species, are in general short and contain within their sequences one or two aromatic amino acid residues or a disulphide bridge. To conclude, the hydrolysis of a-lactalbumin at high temperature by a thermostable protease makes it possible to generate peptides with antioxidant activity
Lechevalier, Valérie. "Cisaillements, création d'interfaces et traitements thermiques : effet sur la dénaturation des protéines du blanc d'œuf et leurs propriétés fonctionnelles." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NSARB157.
Full textEgg products are used as ingredients in many food industries for their unique fonctional properties. Egg product manufacturers have to provide safe and functional products. Stabilization treatments of egg white ensure a good control of hygiene but are responsible for damage caused to functional properties. The aim of this study is to identify the most damaging indusrial processing steps on egg white functional properties and to clarify the modlecular mechanisms responsible for these denaturations. The first part of this study was devoted to the mapping of the industrial lines of egg white processing. The effects of eachstep on functional properties and protein structure were analysed. In addition to the already known effects of thermal treatments, air-water interfaces and shear rates also caused losses of functionality. These changes were correlated with protein structure modifications. The second part of this study was devoted to the improvement of the understanding of the effects of air-water interface on the structure of three major egg white proteins, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme. In a single protein system, ovalbuin unfolded and aggregated at the interface, ovotransferrin lost most of its tertiary and secondary structure whereas lysozyme did not undergo any non-reversible changes. In tertiary mixture, these proteins formed covalently bound aggregates. Lastly, the third part of this study was devoted to a first step in the understanding of shear rate effects on egg white functionality and protein structure. Predominant interactions with heat treatment, pH or ionic strength variations were demonstrated
Monsellier, Elodie. "Stabilité des anticorps recombinants : mesure, amélioration, applications." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077190.
Full textRECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES HAVE A NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS, SOME OF THEM LIMITED BY A LOW STABILITY. WE INTENTED TO DEVELOP A SIMPLE AND ROBUST METHOD TO IMPROVE RECOMBINANT ANTIBODIES STABILITY, AND TO UNDERSTAND THE UNDERLYING MECHANISMS OF STABILISATION. WE DEVELOPED A RELIABLE METHOD TO PRECISELY MEASURE THE STABILITY OF ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS. WE ESTABLISHED A RIGOROUS LAW OF THE SIGNAL FOR THE WAVELENGTH OF THE MAXIMUM FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY LAMBDA MAX. THE STABILITY ΔG(H2O) AND THE COEFFICIENT OF COOPERATIVITY m WHEN THE EMPIRICAL LINEAR LAW OF THE SIGNAL IS APPLIED, HAVE TO BE CORRECTED. THE CORRECTIVE TERMS CAN BE DETERMINED EXPERIMENTALE Y. USING COMPLEMENTARY CRITERIA OF SEQUENCE, STRUCTURE AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON ANTIBODIES, WE FRAGMENT, COMBINING ALL THE DESIGNED MUTATIONS, HAD A PARTICULARLY HIGH STABILITY, A STABILITY IMPROVEMENT COMPARED TO THE WILD-TYPE HlGHER THAN REPORTED SO FAR BY ANY METHOD, AN INCREASED CYTOPLASMIC ACTIVITY, AND AN UNMODIFIED AFFINITY FOR THE ANTIGEN. OUR RULES OF DESIGN ALLOWED US TO PREDICT THE EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS QUALITATIVELY FOR ΔG(H2O) AND QUANTITATIVELY FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF UREA AT HALF-DENATURATION. THE IMPROVEMENT OF m WAS AN IMPORTANT MECHANISM OF STABILISATION. THE EFFECTS OF MUTATIONS DEPENDED OF THE STRUCTURAL CONTEXT. THESE RESULTS INDICATED THE EXISTENCE OF RESIDUAL STRUCTURES IN THE DENATURATE STATE OF THE WILD-TYPE. WE THEN USED THIS METHOD TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCTION LEVEE AND THE LIFE-SPAN OF REAGENTLESS FLUORESCENT IMMUNOSENSORS, WHICH COULD BE USED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIBODY ARRAYS
Mazon, Hortense. "Caractérisation des variations structurales de la créatine kinase à l'aide de sondes spectroscopiques et de l'échange H/D couplé à la spectrométrie de masse." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10175.
Full textMombelli, Enrico. "Stabilité conformationnelle et mécanisme de dénaturation de protéines thermostables : étude de la carboxypeptidase et de la ribonucléase Sso7D de l'archéobactérie thermoacidophile "Sulfolobus solfataricus"." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20165.
Full textGillard, Nathalie. "EFFETS DES RADIATIONS IONISANTES SUR DES COMPLEXES ADN-PROTÉINE." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011412.
Full textZitouni, Nedjma Baya. "Caractérisation des protéines allergéniques de la graine et de l'huile de tournesol (Helianthus annuus) : contribution à l'étude des modifications des propriétés immunochimiques des protéines par les produits d'oxydation de l'acide chlorogénique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL024N.
Full textLecomte, Sylvain. "Implication des facteurs de choc thermique HSF1 et HSF2 dans la réponse à l'inhibition du protéasome." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S059.
Full textCells of a tissue are subject to changes in their environment that can disrupt their balance and to cause stress. To defend themselves, the cells are equipped with adaptive mechanisms specific to the type of affected components (lipids, nucleic acids, proteins). This work focused on proteotoxic stress caused by proteasome inhibition. The established answer is characterized by an overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which is dependent on a transcriptional event involving transcription factors HSF. This work has focused on the role of HSF1 and HSF2 in response to proteasome inhibition. We have shown that HSF1 is essential for the induction of Hsps whereas HSF2 mediate proteasome subunit expressions. Moreover, data obtained have show that HSF2 isoforms have opposite roles in transcriptional activity of HSF1 and the relative amount of these two isoforms is regulated by proteasome inhibition. Proteasome is a target in the fight against cancer and treatments targeting it exist. However cancers are resistant and development of inhibitors of HSF2 could be a valuable approach to increase the therapeutic effect of these drugs
Briant, Emmanuelle. "Mise au point et application de la technologie FALI (Fluorophore-Assisted Light Inactivation) à l'étude de moteurs moléculaires." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13182.
Full textTo improve our capacity to analyze the role of multifonctional proteins involved in the cellular division, we decided to develop the FALI technology (Fluorophore-Assisted Light Inactivation). The principle of FALI is to tag a fluorophore to a protein of interest. The controlled illumination of this fluorophore allows the production of free radicals which denature specifically and locally the tagged protein. To develop and to validate this technology we developed two approaches: a method in which we overexpress a protein tagged with a fluorophore (FlAsH reagent), and a method where the fluorophore (FITC or FlAsH) is brought by a single-chain antibody (ScFv). We thus confirmed the implication of ZW10 protein in the transport of Golgi fragments, showing also that we manage to develop FALI. We also could show for the first time the implication of LIS1 protein in this same mechanism. Our first FALI experiments to study the fast poleward movement of chromosomes mediated by dynein in U2OS cells could not be carried out because of the too great toxicity of the labeling. These experiments show the importance to test the toxicity of the biarsenical ligands for each cell line and each protein we want to study
Pana, Massama Esso. "Impact des traitements thermiques sur la structure des protéines de lentilles et leur digestibilité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29506/29506.pdf.
Full textMost lentils produced in Canada are not processed and valorized, although they constitute an important source of proteins, the health benefits of which are now well recognized. These health benefits include the sequestration of bile acids, inhibition of angiotensin-converting-enzyme-1, lowering of cholesterol, maintaining blood sugar levels, and preventive effects against peripheral arterial disease, diabetes and cancer. However, the low digestibility and bioavailability deriving from anti-nutritional factors limit the use of lentils. This project aims to study the impact of heat treatment on the structure and digestibility of lentils’ proteins. Initially, the impact of heat treatment on the denaturation and gelation of the proteins of lentils was studied by varying environmental conditions such as the pH and ionic strength. The mechanism of formation of gels was studied by DSC, FTIR and small deformation rheology at pH 3, 7 and 9, in absence and presence of CaCl2. The results obtained from DSC indicate that at pH 3, 7 and 9, there is no significant difference (p ˂ 0.05) between the denaturation temperatures (Td). However, the Td increases in the presence of CaCl2 and is significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) when the concentration of CaCl2 reaches 50 mM. Furthermore, FTIR results show a higher intensity of the aggregation bands in the presence of CaCl2. On the other hand, small deformation rheology indicates that at pH 9, in the presence or absence of CaCl2, the elastic modulus (G’) is the highest. The impact of heat treatment on the digestibility of lentils’ proteins was then studied in vitro. The effects of digestive enzymes on native, heat denatured and gelled proteins were evaluated. The data indicate that the denatured proteins are more sensitive to proteolytic hydrolysis than the native proteins. At pH 9, the gelled proteins generate peptides with a molecular weight around 3 kDa or less, which are much smaller compared to that obtained at pH 3 and pH 7. Similarly, the presence of CaCl2 (50 mM) in different pH conditions does not affect the degradation of the gels. Although CaCl2 promotes the aggregation of lentil proteins, heat treatment is necessary to reveal the target sites of proteolytic enzymes.
Regnault, Stéphanie. "Influence des hautes pressions à température basse ou modérée sur certaines caractéristiques physico-chimiques et biochimiques de systèmes protéiques laitiers : Taille des micelles de caséines, équilibres protéiques et minéraux, aptitude à la coagulation et à l'émulsification." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20045.
Full textLoison, Fabien. "Régulation transcriptionnelle de la clusterine par le stress protéotoxique : vectorisation peptidique." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S075.
Full textPellissier, Marie. "Développement d'une pile à combustibles biologiques fonctionnelle en milieu biologique : optimisation des constituants des électrodes et analyse de leurs fonctionnements par micro-électrochimie." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S109.
Full textBiocatalytic fuel cells are devices which rely upon biocatalytic reactions at the electrodes to convert chemical fuels and oxidants into electrical power. The long-term goal is the design of a small, implantable, and long-lived, low power source for biomedical applications. A lot of different strategies are developed in order to improve the devices, particularly their voltage and their power output. However, the main drawback to obtain an implantable device is the very low stability in time of the biofuel cells, which should be about a few years instead of a few days. Moreover, the prototypes generally have not been really characterized: this limits the understanding of the catalytic systems. The fist part of this work relates to the construction of stable catalytic electrodes. Our method uses two methods: the covalent grafting and the formation of enzymes hydrogel. Our modified electrodes have a catalytic activity stable during 6 weeks. The second part of this work relates to the characterization of electrodes modified with enzymes using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The first study refers to micro-patterned surfaces as the functionalization is the first step of the preparation of biocatalytic surfaces. The second study refers to enzyme-modified conducting surfaces and the last to enzyme-modified insulating surfaces
Thill-Chardot, Valérie. "Étude de la dynamique de l'agrégation des micelles de caséines lors de l'acidification du lait : effet de la dénaturation thermique des protéines sériques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL023N.
Full textUnderstanding mechanisms of acidic milk gelation implies the knowledge of casein micelles aggregation and of the different steps leading to gel formation. Small angle static light scattering and diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS), which is based on light scattering in turbid medium, were used in this study. Static light scattering measurements permitted to follow micelles aggregation steps in diluted media and to calculate the fractal dimension of acidic aggreptes formed. Results showed the formation of four successive particle populations. The first population corresponds to casein micelles and the others populations correspond to casein aggregates with increasing size. The fractal dimension value, determined from double logarithmic plots of intensity versus scattering wave vector (q) resulted in value around 1. 8, which reflects a diffusion limited cluster aggregation mechanisms (DLCA). By static light scattering, casein/whey proteins ratio and heat treatment of milk were shown to influence the growth kinetics of aggregates, but only heat treatment of milk modified fractal dimension leading to more porous aggregates. The DWS results showed that acid gelation of unheated milk occurred via a single-stage aggregation. The aggregation pH was measured at pH 4. 9 and the gelation pH was estimated at pH 4. 8
Dulau, Laurent. "Recherche sur les protéines responsables de la casse protéique des vins blancs secs : approche biochimique et génétique." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR20110.
Full textAchir, Samira. "Etude des mécanismes de stabilisation des protéines par spectroscopie Raman et dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10022/document.
Full textThe mechanisms of protein stabilization in solution and dry state have been investigated in this thesis. New therapeutic approaches are developing from many therapeutic biomolecules related to advances in recombinant DNA technology. Although we are not able to use them because of their low stability. The latter is improved in the dry state albeit freeze-drying gets a source of stress for many proteins. This work has mainly focused on the stability of model proteins, by in-situ Raman micro-spectroscopy during freeze-drying. The analysis identified the origin and the process of denaturation and the structural transformations of the inherent protein freeze-drying. Raman mapping was implemented at different stages of drying cycle, leading to the description of the protein/solvent/co-solvent interactions and decrypting the protein stabilizing mechanisms during the whole freeze-drying process. The protein stability was also analyzed during accelerated aging, by using several biopreservers. It revealed that the bioprotective efficiency of trehalose is enhanced by adding a small amount of glycerol. Molecular dynamics simulations were also carried out on trehalose-glycerol glassy matrices and the plasticizing / anti- plasticizing effects of the residual water were studied
Peroz, David. "Dégradation du canal KCNQ1 dans le syndrome du QT long : nouveaux partenaires des canaux KCNQ1 et SCN5A." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9cc1d0e1-51d1-4d44-ad6e-3b5eff709f14.
Full textThe long QT syndrome is a cardiac arrhythmia responsible for sudden deaths. The familial forms of long QT are induced by mutations in genes coding for ion channels. During my thesis I have worked on two of these channels : KCNQ1 and SCN5A. The Y111C mutation located in the N-terminus of KCNQ1 channel leads to endoplasmic reticulum retention of the channel. I have studied the consequences of this retention on the biosynthesis of KCNQ1 and identified some of the players implicated in the quality control of the proteins. Using western blot and pulse-chase experiments, I have showed that the mutant protein was less expressed than the wild and that it was due to a lower stability of the mutated protein. I have also showed that the KCNQ1 channel was degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system and that the chaperone Hsp70 was able to associate with KCNQ1. Finally, the protein Derlin-1 was not involved in the degradation of KCNQ1 channel. Indeed, neither over nor under-expression of this protein had any impact on the expression level or the half-life of wild or mutated channel. The ion channels KCNQ1 and SCN5A operate within protein complexes. By a combination of pull-down and double hybrid experiments, I have identified several potential partners for KCNQ1. Their roles on KCNQ1 function or trafficking remain to be analyzed. We have also identified 14-3-3 as a new partner of SCN5A and we have showed that it modulated the cardiac sodium current. Identification of these proteins help to better understand how ion channels function and point to new candidate genes for diagnosis
Thomann, Alexis. "Caractérisation du complexe Culline3-BTB chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13161.
Full textUbiquitin-dependent degradation by the 26S proteasome has emerged as a central mechanism to control protein turnover in eukaryotes. Ubiquitin transfer requires the activity of E1 (ubiquitin activating), E2 (ubiquitin conjugating) and E3 (ubiquitin ligase) enzymes. Ubiquitin ligases are multiprotein complexes that specifically recognize the substrates and mediate their ubiquitin-dependent degradation. To date several classes of E3s have been reported, most of them based on a protein with cullin domain. Eukaryote genomes encode several cullins: CUL1, CUL2, CUL3, CUL4 and CUL5, which are all believed to form protein complexes with ubiquitin-ligase activity. I focused my work on one of these cullin based E3 ligase, the CUL3-BTB complex. In this report, I describe the molecular and genetic characterizations of the plant Cullin3. We found that CUL3A is ubiquitously expressed in plants and is able to interact with the ring-finger protein RBX1. Yeast two-hybrid experiments indicate that BTB-domain proteins are able to physically interact with both CUL3A and CUL3B, suggesting that Arabidopsis CUL3 forms E3 protein complexes with certain BTB proteins. In order to determine the function of CUL3A, we used a reverse genetic approach. The cul3a null mutants flowers slightly later than the control plants. Homozygous cul3b mutant plants developed normally and were fully fertile. Thus, we investigated the consequences on plant development of combined Arabidopsis cul3a cul3b loss-of-function mutations. The disruption of both the CUL3A and CUL3B genes reduced gametophytic transmission and caused embryo lethality. Arrest of embryogenesis occurred at multiple stages of embryo development, but predominantly at the heart stage. At the cytological level, CUL3 loss-of-function mutations affected both embryo pattern formation and endosperm development. In addtion, recent results show that the Culline 3 is also involved in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis
Errahali, Younès. "Identification des protéines allergéniques dans les huiles non raffinée et raffinée et la lécithine, issues de la graine de soja." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10005.
Full textSoy oil and lecithin, resulting from potentially allergenic seeds, are often used in agro-foodstuffs and pharmaceutical industrial sectors. This relation allows for the observation of sensitizing reactions to oil and lecithin to be explained. We studied the protein composition of soy oils, lecithin and seeds and specified their reactivity with regard to serums of patients sensitized to seed proteins. Using appropriate extraction methods, we confirmed the presence of allergenic proteins in both unrefined and refined oils and in lecithin. Mass spectrometry allowed us to identify a 56 kDa protein (?-amylase) binding to Ig E, specific to patients allergic to soybean, and very resistant to oil refining processes. Other allergens whose immunoreactivities depend on denaturations undergone during industrial processing were also identified (lipoxygenase, lectin, tryptisin inhibitor of Kunitz). The elimination of phospholipids during ungumming involves simultaneous elimination of many proteins
Hervé, Mireille. "Étude conformationnelle de l'alpha-antiprotéase et de son complexe avec l'élastase pancréatique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112123.
Full textIvo, Dina Isabel Antunes. "Menin : un nouvel acteur dans le cycle cellulaire ?" Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4002/document.
Full textMEN1 is a cancer syndrome affecting many endocrine glands, which results from a genetic predisposition related to mutations of the MEN1 gene. Menin, the protein encoded by MEN1 has many partners that play a role in the dynamics of chromatin and in the regulation of the transcription and of genome stability. The need for knowing better the biochemical functions of Menin led me to try to produce the purified protein in great quantity. By doing this, I could bring information on the structure of Menin. On a functional level, I studied the interaction between Menin and the oncosuppressor p53, and showed that certain post-translational modifications of p53 crucial for its activity and its stability in response to a genotoxic stress, do not affect the interaction, making possible that modifications of Menin play a determining role there. I thus showed that Menin could be monoubiquitinylated. Menin also interferes with another regulator of the cell cycle, the protein RB of which it seems to control the level of phosphorylation and perhaps even the total amount in the cell
Belmejdoub, Jihane. "Sur l’intégrité des protéines et la valorisation des effluents pour une production durable par membrane d’ultrafiltration : application à l’industrie laitière." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S220.
Full textThe soluble proteins of cow milk have an interest recognized in the food industry because of their nutritional values and their techno-functional properties. Provided to validate that the proteins are not denatured by membrane processes, this can be used at industrial scale for preparation of proteins fractions with targeted functions. The first part of this thesis is focused on a methodology to study the possibility of the denaturation of proteins by highly retentive membranes in comparison with model experiments of mechanical and thermal denaturation (blender, magnetic stirrer and Marie bath). The analysis of intrinsic fluorescence and reversed phase HPLC for which new gradients were proposed for each protein, prove to be two relevant tools for highlighting targeted denaturation. Moreover, the membranes processes generates large volumes of effluents that must be minimized for an eco-friendly and sustainable production. The second part for this thesis proposes a step for a valorization of global effluents after ultrafiltration for the cleaning of spiral wounded PES membranes fouled by skim milk
Thibaudeau-Mourer, Murielle. "Modifications de la biosynthèse des protéines lors du développement de l'ectomycorhize Eucalyptus globulus bicostata-Pisolithus tinctorius : Rôle potentiel de la protéolyse dépendante de l'ubiquitine et du protéasome." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10214.
Full textCorteggiani, Eric. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure et de la conformation des sous-unités ribosomiques 60S de foie de rat." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO11762.
Full textSaint, Denis Thierry. "Etude de la thermosensibilité du système Plasmine-plasminogène-Activateurs du Plasminogène du lait à l'aide de nouvelles méthodes de dosage : Application à l'étude de la stabilité de produits à base de lait chauffé." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10054.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the endogenous plasmin system on stability of infant milk based on heated milk. Improved enzymatic methods were developped to assay plasmin (PLM), plasminogen (PLG) and plasminogen activators (PA) in bovine milk. Those assays were used to monitor the levels of endogenous PLM/PLG/P A in milk samples used at the facility during a whole year. The PA level appeared to be stable, while PLM and PLG levels ranged respectively froID alto 3 and 1 to 2 factor, independently froID the season (winter/summer). Thermal inactivation, at temperature between 60 cC and 140 cC, of native PLM, PLG and PA were studied using the Saille improved enzymatic methods. While measured heat inactivation of kinetic of PLM and PLG were in line with previously reported values, PA were, surprisingly, found to be as heat sensible as PLM and PLG in a milk system containing proteins with free -SR group. Thus, heat inactivation of the who le plasmin system in milk appeared to be directly influenced by the presence of ß-lactoglobulin. Proteolysis affecting infant milks during storage (at 37 cC or at room temperature), monitored by RPHPLC analysis of peptides present in the soluble fraction, were significantly different froID proteolysis induced with added plasmin. Main peptides generated by those proteolysis were identified by LC-MS/MSMS. The results lead us to conclude that natural proteolysîs observed in commercial products was flOt due to the plasmin system. The proteolytic agents responsible for this natural proteolysis were found to be heat resistant, even at 90 CC for 60 minutes. This led us to suspect the presence of proteinases froID endogenous psychrotrophic flora in milk. These results have been used for an optimization of the industrial heat treatments during process
Boitard, Charlotte. "Polymères à empreintes de protéines couplés à des nanoparticules magnétiques : de la synthèse aux applications en nanomédecine." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS032.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the development of hybrid magnetic nanoparticles for nanomedicine. A major challenge is to propose innovative solutions in the treatment and/or diagnosis of some pathologies, such as cancers. Magnetic nanoparticles are interesting for nanomedicine because they can be employed to magnetically direct a vector toward a target, or locally heat this target when submitted to an alternating magnetic field. Moreover, protein imprinted polymers can be used to selectively target proteins of interest. Thus, the idea of this project is to bind magnetic nanoparticles and protein imprinted polymers (PIP), to propose a new system to target, detect and treat cells of interest. γ-Fe2O3@PIP hybrid nano-objects were synthesized through polymerization of polyacrylamide around template proteins, such as green fluorescent proteins or the glycoproteins CD44. PIP represent less than 30 % of final hybrid nano-objects, which have hydrodynamic diameters smaller than 400 nm, according to the synthetic pathway. Effective targeting of cells displaying these proteins of interest occurred while using γ-Fe2O3@PIP nano-objects. Under an alternating magnetic field, proteins are denatured thanks to magnetic hyperthermia. γ-Fe2O3@PIP particles will not detach themselves from the cell, and will thus be internalized. A further study denoted the absence of an acute cytotoxicity for hybrid nano-objects, which will be metabolized inside lysosomes. Targeting and magnetic hyperthermia properties of γ-Fe2O3@PIP make them ideal candidates to detect cancer metastasis and slow down their development
Desmolaize, Benoît. "Etude de la relation entre séquence, stabilité et activité chez les cytochromes b5 de deux espèces éloignées, l’homme et la levure." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066036.
Full textKhaldi, Marwa. "Étude du lien entre la physico-chimie de dérivés laitiers et leur aptitude à l’encrassement lors du traitement thermomécanique en échangeur de chaleur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10032/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. work is a contribution for understanding the fouling in plate heat exchangers (PHE) during the heat treatment of whey protein solutions. This work aims at establishing the relationship between the composition of the different whey protein solutions (β-lactoglobulin content (β-lg) and calcium), their denaturation behaviour and their ability to foul the hot surfaces of the PHE.This study showed the strong impact of the calcium content and the calcium/protein molar ratio on the β-lg thermal denaturation mechanisms, the distributions of the deposit fouling, deposit formation dynamics and the structure of the first deposit layers.The determination of the β-lg denaturation kinetic constants and the knowledge of the thermal profile allowed to simulate the concentration profiles of the different β-lg species (native, unfolded and aggregated) along the PHE and to study the correlation between the dry deposit mass of and the amount of denatured β-lg in the PHE. This simulation highlighted the negligible role of the aggregates in the fouling mechanisms and both the influence of the unfolded species and the calcium content on the distribution of protein deposition. Finally, a new correlation between the distribution of dry deposit masses in each channel of the PHE and the denaturation kinetic parameters was determined for each studied protein solution, showing thus that chemical reaction engineering approaches are requested for predicting proteinaceous fouling
Etou, Mongo Antoine. "Applications des lactosérums : 1 - comportement des protéines sériques dans des systèmes polydispersés en milieu lipidique; 2 - rôle de l'ajout des poudres de lactosérums dans l'évolution des systèmes cristallisés pseudoternaires." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD601.
Full textFunctional properties and thermal denaturation of whey proteins in lipidic phase have been studied by conching at increasing temperatures between 65-950C. The system viscosity and the protein denaturation have been measured respeetively with a coaxial cylinder viscosimeter and by low resolution NMR spectroscopy. 1,5% whey proteins are added in the system in the place of 1,5% sugar or coma butter. The viscosity of the system decreased when temperature increased. The lowest viscosity (52 poises) has been obtained at 95°C and the highest viscosity (108 poises) has been obtained at 65°C. Protein denaturation was investigated after each thermal traitment by measuring T2 water proton relation time. Water proton T2 relaxation increased proportionally to the heating temperature and protein concentration. In the presence of lecithins, whey proteins are physicochimical competitive position. When whey proteins are added after lecithins, the viscosity of the system increased (28 poises), and decreased (25 poises) when whey proteins are added before. The use of whey solids (10-20%) in various confections formulations in the place of skimmed and nonfat milk powder gave good flavored products
Boucherit, Kebir. "Enzymes immobilises d'Escherichia coli : dénaturation et renaturation de la β -galactosidase immobilisée, électrode a enzyme utilisant la chaine respiratoire immobilisée pour la mesure du L-malate." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077105.
Full textSoupison, Laurent. "Intérêt du dosage des chaines légères kappa et lambda dans la mise en évidence et le typage d'une immunoglobuline monoclonale sérique." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P148.
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