Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines inflammatoires des macrophages'
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Lemercier, Claudie. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes anti-inflammatoires des glucocorticoïdes : Modulation de la synthèse locale des protéines du complément par les cellules monocytaires." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUES033.
Full textBaudoin, Léa. "Rôle de la O-GlcNAcylation dans les effets pro-inflammatoires du LPS dans le macrophage." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB098.
Full textIn the last decades, changes in lifestyle have led to a dramatic increased prevalence of pathologies such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chronic hyperglycaemia associated with these diseases has deleterious effects on many tissues, resulting in serious complications (glucotoxicity). Among the different mechanisms involved in the toxic effects of glucose, O-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAc) of proteins plays an important role. O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates the activities of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. Only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), control the level of O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine (O- GlcNAc) on proteins. OGT is the enzyme that O-GlcNAcylates proteins, whereas OGA removes O-GlcNAc from proteins. This post-translational modification tightly depends on glucose availability and its flux through the hexosamines biosynthesis pathway (HBP). Metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity are also characterized by chronic low level inflammation, which contributes to the complications observed in these pathologies. The metabolic disturbances associated with these diseases (increased free fatty acids and glucose) promote pro-inflammatory processes in the macrophage. However, the relationships between inflammatory processes and O-GlcNAcylation of proteins remain poorly explored. The aim of this work was to evaluate the involvement of the O-GlcNAcylation pathway in the macrophage. The studies were carried out using the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line or primary macrophages differentiated from mouse bone marrow (BMDM), peritoneal mouse macrophages, or human monocytes derived macrophages (hMDM). O-GlcNAcylation of proteins was measured in RAW264.7 macrophages using a BRET biosensor targeted to different cell compartments. We have observed that activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 by LPS (lipopolysaccharide) increases the BRET signal at the plasma membrane, in the cytosol, and nucleus of RAW264.7 cells. An increase in LPS-induced O-GlcNAcylation was also observed by western blotting in RAW264.7 cells and primary mouse and human macrophages. This increase in O-GlcNAcylation was in particular detected on the p65 subunit of the NFκB transcription factor, suggesting a role for this modification in the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS. In agreement with this notion, inhibition of OGA, (responsible for de-GlcNAcylation of proteins) using a specific inhibitor (Thiamet G) potentiates the effects of LPS on mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1β. In addition, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible OTG-KO mouse model. Invalidation of OGT in primary macrophages of these mice reduces the effect of LPS on the expression of IL1β mRNAs by a factor of 2, suggesting that the induction of O-GlcNAcylation is at least in part involved in the transmission of the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS. In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for LPS-induced increase in O-GlcNAcylation, we studied the effect of LPS on the enzymes involved in the O-GlcNAc pathway in RAW264.7 cells. We observed that LPS treatment had no effect on the expression (mRNA and protein) and on the enzymatic activities of OGT and OGA. On the other hand, LPS induced a strong increase in the expression (mRNA and protein) of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), the rate limiting enzyme of the HBP pathway. Inhibition of GFAT with 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) inhibited LPS-induced increase in O-GlcNAcylation and LPS effect on the expression of IL1β mRNA, but not NOS2 expression, confirming a partial dependence of the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS on the O-GlcNAc pathway. In conclusion, our results indicate that activation of the O-GlcNAcylation pathway could be considered as an integral part of the signal induced by TLR4, and suggest that this pathway is involved in some of the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS in the macrophage
Galarneau, Hugo. "Influence de la réponse inflammatoire et d'un traitement anti-inflammatoire sur le développement des gliomes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24489/24489.pdf.
Full textCudejko, Céline. "Rôle du suppresseur de tumeur p16INK4a dans l'activation des macrophages primaires murins et humains : implication dans le développement de maladies inflammatoires chroniques telles que l’infection parasitaire, l’athérosclérose et l’obésité." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL2S039.
Full textThe CDKN2A/B locus, which contains the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4a, is associated with an increased risk of age-related inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, in which macrophages play a crucial role. Activation state and functions of macrophages are profoundly affected by environmental cytokines and microbial products. Indeed, Th1 cytokines, such as interferon gamma, and lipopolysaccharide induce a classical activation phenotype whereas Th2 cytokines, such as inteleukins 4 and 13, induce an alternative activation phenotype. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of these phenotypes are not well defined. In this study, we show that p16INK4a-deficiency (p16-/-) skews murine macrophages towards an alternative activation in vitro. The influence of p16INK4a-deficiency on macrophage activation in vivo was investigated using bone marrow transplantation, first in a parasite infectious model in which the role of alternatively activated macrophages is well characterized, then during atherosclerosis development, in which the role of alternatively activated macrophages is undefined. While mice transplanted with p16-/- bone marrow displayed higher hepatic marker expression levels of alternative activation upon parasite infection, no effect was observed on atherosclerosis development in our experimental conditions. Finally, confirming the data obtained in p16-/- macrophages, silencing of p16INK4a with siRNA in human blood-monocyte-derived macrophages also resulted in the induction of alternative activation. In addition, analysis of human adipose tissue macrophages from obese patients, which are typically alternatively activated, showed that p16ink4a expression levels were lower in ATM than in monocyte-derived macrophages of the same subjects. These findings identify a novel role for the tumor suppressor p16INK4a as modulator of murine and human macrophage activation. Keywords: CDKI-alternative activation-inflammation-parasite infectious-atherosclerosis-obesity
Anquetil, Florence. "Physiopathologie de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde : effet inflammatoire des auto-anticorps anti-protéines citrullinées et du facteur rhumatoïde." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30147.
Full textRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most frequent human auto-immune disease affecting 0. 5 to 1% of the population worldwide. The exact cause of RA is unknown, but joint inflammation is thought to be the result of an uncontrolled autoimmune response arising from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Among autoantibodies found in RA patients, autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) and rheumatoid factors (RF) are present in the serum of about 80% of patients and are frequently associated with active and severe forms of RA. In addition to their diagnostic and prognostic interest, ACPA and RF are synthesized by plasma cells of the rheumatoid synovial membrane at the very place where their respective target, citrullinated fibrin and Fc fragment of IgG are also present and abundant. In the joints, these autoantibodies are likely to form immune complexes with their articular antigenic targets able to trigger inflammatory effector responses depending on Fc receptors to immunoglobulins and/or complement activation, thus to promote joint inflammation. During the last few years, our laboratory dedicated itself to the understanding of the role of ACPA in RA synovial tissue inflammation. A totally human in vitro model was developed in order to mimic the interactions between synovial macrophages and immune complexes formed by ACPA and citrullinated fibrin, their major target in the synovial tissue. In this model, ACPA immune complexes (ACPA-IC) are generated by selective immunocapture of IgG ACPA from the serum of RA patients by in vitro citrullinated human fibrinogen immobilized onto culture wells into which macrophages, differentiated from CD14-positive monocytes of healthy human donors, are then seeded. This model allowed demonstrating the ability of ACPA-IC to induce TNF-α secretion by macrophages through signalling downstream of activating Fc receptors to IgG (FcγR), predominantly the FcγRIIa receptor. Considering that TNF-α is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine in the disease, these results strengthened the hypothesis that ACPA have an inflammatory potential and a major role in RA. To further study the involvement of autoantibodies in the pathophysiology of RA we undertook to assess the influence of RF on the pro-inflammatory role of ACPA in the in vitro model. We first evaluated the influence of two monoclonal RF IgM paraproteins from patients with type II cryoglobulinemia. Each RF IgM strongly amplified the macrophage TNF-α secretion induced by ACPA-IC. Overall, incorporation into ACPA-IC of RF IgM shifted the macrophage secretion of cytokines toward an even more pronounced proinflammatory profile as it increased the TNF-α:IL 10 ratio and the IL 6 and IL-8 secretions and decreased the IL 1Ra:IL 1β ratio. Moreover, the secreted cytokine cocktail exhibited an enhanced capacity to prompt IL-6 secretion by RA synovial fibroblasts. Then, we confirmed that ACPA-IC did not induce TNF-α secretion by monocytes and showed that they remained unresponsive even after incorporation of RF IgM. Besides, we showed that RF IgM alone did not induce TNF-α macrophage secretion. The amplification of the macrophage cytokine responses probably arises from an increase in the activating signals downstream of FcγRs due to an RF IgM-mediated recruitment of more IgG into ACPA-IC. Finally, in vitro complement activation by immobilized ACPA-IC markedly increased when their formation occurred in the presence of RF IgM. Secondly, we evaluated the influence of the RF IgM and RF IgA found in RA patients. These were purified from RA serum pools by serial affinity chromatographies. Incorporation of each class of RF systematically amplified the macrophage cytokine secretion and skewed it in favour of proinflammatory cytokines. Further exploration of the mechanism of the RF IgM-mediated amplification allowed ruling out the involvement of any signalling downstream of an IgM receptor. Indeed, neither FcµR nor Fcα/µR, the only recognized leucocyte IgM receptors, was expressed by the macrophages of our model. Moreover, macrophages did not secrete any TNF α in response to IgM or IgM Fc portions and their TNF α response to IgG-containing immune complexes was not modulated by the simultaneous presence of IgM or Fc5µ fragments. However, we confirmed that the receptor FcαRI for IgA Fc was expressed and that it participates in the activating signalling cascade induced by ACPA-IC formed in the presence of RF IgA IC since selective blockade of the binding of RF IgA to this receptor inhibited the TNF-α response to these immune complexes. Finally, LPS substantially enhanced induction of macrophage TNF-α by ACPA-IC containing RF IgM or RF IgA. Considering that numerous endogenous TLR4 ligands have been described in the RA synovial tissue, this indicates that simultaneous FcR engagement by RA-associated IC and ligation of TLR4 by such endogenous ligands likely cooperate in promoting synovial tissue inflammation. Therefore, RF IgM and RF IgA appear as major enhancers of the inflammatory reaction induced by ACPA in the RA synovial tissue. We show that this is most probably mediated by FcR triggering but also, concerning RF IgM, by activation of the complement cascade. Our studies shed new light on the largely accepted but poorly mechanistically documented role of RF IgM and RF IgA in RA pathophysiology. They also emphasize the relevance of therapeutic strategies aiming at downregulating the proinflammatory effectors mechanisms triggered by immunes complexes containing ACPA and RF or seeking inhibition of the production of theses autoantibodies
Lakomy, Daniela. "Modulation des cellules dendritiques et macrophages : implications dans le cancer et l'athérosclérose." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00938649.
Full textGossart, Sandrine. "Rôle et régulation des radicaux libres oxygénés et du TNF-alpha, produits par le macrophage alvéolaire au cours d'un processus inflammatoire pulmonaire, induit par la silice chez le rat." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30057.
Full textPiccolo, Enzo. "Rôle de la protéine HMGB1 dérivée des macrophages au cours d'une réaction inflammatoire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30035.
Full textThe Inflammatory reaction is the first necessary step to combat all pathogens and tissue injuries and restore damaged tissue homeostasis. The immune system is particularly involved during each step, in particular the macrophages which display various inflammatory and metabolic changes. Macrophages can modify and adapt their cellular metabolism to meet their energy needs and efficiently perform the inflammatory reaction according to signals from the surrounding environment. These deep metabolic adaptations influence mitochondria physiology and oxidative phosphorylations (OXPHOS), the secretions of pro and anti-inflammatory molecules, as well as the ability to phagocytize various inflammatory compounds (pathogens, cell debris, and autophagy). These deep metabolic adaptations are under the control of several transcription factors such as NFkB, TFEB or HIF1alpha. The compaction and accessibility of chromatin are crucial for the regulation of the activity of these transcription factors. In the nucleus, DNA compaction is regulated by histones but also by High Mobility Group (HMG) proteins. Among this family of HMG proteins, the High Mobility Group B1 (HMGB1) protein, mainly located in the nucleus, is capable of regulating indirectly the transcription of genes in many tissues. In addition to its nuclear role, HMGB1 can be actively relocated into the cytoplasm and then secreted by innate immune cells during acute or chronic inflammation. Once in the bloodstream, HMGB1 acts as alarmine which initiates and maintains inflammation. Furthermore, during acute or chronic inflammation, concentrations of circulating HMGB1 are increased compared to the basal condition in mice. All these results suggest a role of HMGB1 in the immunometabolism of macrophages as well as in acute or chronic inflammatory processes. In this context, this thesis work has two objectives: I /: To study the role of HMGB1 derived from macrophages and its consequences on the occurrence of tissue fibrosis. II /: To study the intracellular role of HMGB1 derived from macrophages during acute inflammatory shock. This work has demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that, as an alarmine HMGB1 derived from macrophages, does not influence the occurrence of fibrosis following chronic inflammation. Moreover, we demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that as a nuclear factor HMGB1 exerts a potent anti-inflammatory action on macrophages by regulating lysosome biogenesis and function and skewing towards a M2 profile. All these results taken together helped to better characterize and understand the biological functions of HMGB1 proteins during the inflammatory reaction. Boosting these anti-inflammatory functions of HMGB1 may constitute a potential therapeutic approach to counteract the deleterious effect of hyper-inflammation in patients with acute/chronic inflammatory diseases
Roux, Anne-Laure. "Macrophages et Mycobacterium abscessus : réponse pro-inflammatoire et survie intracellulaire des variants lisses et rugueux de Mycobacterium abscessus." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0021.
Full textMycobacterium abscessus is recognized as the pulmonary pathogen inside the rapidly growing mycobacterium (RGM) group. Of interest, M. Abscessus, as other mycobacteria like M. Avium and M. Smegmatis, is able to present itself in two forms on solid agar media: a smooth variant (S) and a rough variant (R). The R variant is associated with a hyperinflammatory response but also a greater virulence in mice. Through biochemichal, proteomic and trancritptomic approaches, we demonstrated the overexpression of lipoproteinsTLR2 agonists at the surface of M. Abscessus R responsible for its hyper-inflammatory response. Although M. Abscessus belongs to the RGM group, some elements are in favor of a pathogenic behavior as the slow growing mycobacteria group. Several observations make us think that M. Abscessus is a true intracellular pathogen. The study of the intracellular behavior of M. Abscessus S /R allowed us to observe intracellular growth of S and R variants in murine macrophages; in contrast no intracellular growth was observed in murine dendritic cells. In parallel, measurements of intraphagosomal pH showed a clear difference between S and R variants, with an acidification process for the R variant as shown by its low pH in macrophages as compared to the S variant. Finally, one of the most surprising results was the observation of the phagosomal escape into the cytoplasm of the S variant of M. Abscessus
Calippe, Bertrand. "Influence des oestrogènes sur les macrophages murins et leurs réponses inflammatoires." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077001.
Full textIt's well established that estrogens influence immune and inflammatory responses during various physiologic and physiopathologic processes. In order to define the effects of estrogens on the immuno-inflammatory System, we have studied the consequences of a chronic exposure to estradiol (E2) in vivo on macrophages and their capacity to produce inflammatory responses. Ovariectomized C57BI/6J mice were treated for 4 weeks with physiological and stable doses of E2 to study the inflammatory responses of peritoneal macrophages, activated ex vivo by LPS or in vivo by an intraperitoneal injection of thioglycolate. In both conditions, we show that E2 exacerbates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by the activation of TLR4 or by thioglycolate. This pro-inflammatory effect of the hormone appears to be explained, at least in part, by the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway which negatively regulates the TLR4 activation. We show also that endogenous concentrations of estrogens are sufficient to produce this pro-inflammatory effect in both experimental situations. Finally, experiments on different mice models, where the expression of estrogen receptor alpha is abolished either in the whole organism, in hematopoietic compartment or exclusively in myeloid cells, allowed us to conclude that the pro-inflammatory effect of E2 needs the expression of estrogen receptor alpha in macrophages. These data provide a new evidence of a direct effect of E2 on macrophage inflammatory responses
Lastrucci, Claire. "Polarisation et rôle des macrophages dans des contextes inflammatoires aigus et chroniques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2571/.
Full textInnate immune cells are involved in different processes such as the initiation of an inflammatory response and the resolution of inflammation mechanisms. The first part of my work characterized, in a model of acute peritonitis induced by thioglycolate, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved during the resolutive processes both in the peritoneal cavity and in the omentum. The second part of my work aimed at studying the immune mechanisms involved during tuberculosis. I showed that M. Tuberculosis is able to remotely modulate the phenotype and the function of monocytes, towards an immune-regulatory phenotype. This would allow the bacterium to recruit to the infectious site immune cells less competent to control the infection in order to promote its own fitness. Together these results provide new insights for the understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms in acute and chronic contexts
Viaud, Manon. "Contrôle métabolique de la production et de la clairance des monocytes dans les pathologies inflammatoires." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4033/document.
Full textMyeloid cells are produced by hematopoiesis, from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a metabolically fine-tuned process. In chronic inflammatory diseases, an increased amount of monocytes is observed (monocytosis). My thesis focuses on the role of myeloid cells metabolism in chronic inflammatory diseases. We focused on the impact of cholesterol metabolism alterations into the anarchic proliferation of monocytes (carcinogenesis). Novel somatic mutations in the cholesterol efflux transporter ATP-Binding Cassette A1 induce carcinogenesis of monocytes, highlighting the impact of cholesterol efflux pathway in monocyte proliferation. I studied glycolysis in atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease. HSCs and myeloid progenitors exhibited higher Glut-1 expression in a murine model of atherosclerosis, with an enhanced accumulation of macrophages into lesions. A partial deletion of Glut-1 reduced HSCs and progenitors proliferation, limiting monocytosis and atherosclerotic plaques development. I studied the role of lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis). When a macrophage phagocytized an apoptotic cell, an important amount of cholesterol has to be degraded. LIPA is a key player in this process. When LIPA is inhibited, we observed a reduced production of 25- and 27-hydroxycholesterol, leading to an increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, which activated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and a reduced LXR activation. LIPA inhibition leads to a defective efferocytosis in vitro and in vivo. LIPA enzyme is essential to prevent metabolic inflammation by maintaining effective efferocytosis
Grabowski, Nadège. "Toxicologie pulmonaire de nanoparticules biodégradables : effets cytotoxiques et inflammatoires sur cellules épithéliales et macrophages." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016697.
Full textRaquil, Marie-Astrid. "Études des rôles pro-inflammatoires et prolifératifs des protéines S100A8 et S100A9." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25415/25415.pdf.
Full textBierry, Guillaume. "Imagerie cellulaire en IRM : application en pathologies infectieuses et inflammatoires osseuses." Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13061.
Full textCellular imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging new field of development of medical imaging. Cellular imaging is based on the non invasive and in vivo identification of cells of interest in living subjects. Macrophages are keys cells of the immune system and are involved in several pathologic mechanisms such as infection and inflammation. Macrophages can be labelled by MRI contrast agents called Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxyde (USPIO). Those particles are phagocytosed by macrophages and will induce MRI signal modifications in areas with macrophage infiltration. MRI cellular imaging based on USPIO macrophages labelling can be applied in infectious osteomyelitis and can allow a specific characterization of infected areas. Moreover, in reason of a different macrophages distribution, MRI macrophage imaging can allow discrimination of infection from sterile inflammation
Pirault, John. "Implication des phagocytes mononucléés dans les pathologies inflammatoires chroniques : exploration d’un modèle murin d’athérosclérose et du xanthogranulome chez l’homme." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066044.
Full textChronic inflammatory diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide with a significant proportion of heart disease and other lipid-inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms involved in the initiation but also the resolution of these diseases is a major issue in public health. Our work on the involvement of mononuclear phagocytes in murine models of atherosclerosis show that modulating the half-life of cell subtypes of the immune system can limit the development of the pathology. These results are associated with an overall decrease of the inflammation in animals and an improvement of lipid metabolism. Thus, modulating the actors of inflammation within the immune system may be a new therapeutic target complementary to the cholesterol-lowering drugs today. To this end, we realized the most important characterization of a human pathology: the xanthogranuloma. Patients show an association between dysregulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation of the skin supported by the macrophages and dendritic cells. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin infusions in a patient shows an overall reduction of inflammation, normalization of blood cell actors which results in improved clinical symptoms of the disease
Rambert, Jérôme. "Recherche de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques anti-inflammatoires : inhibition des fonctions macrophagiques." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21084.
Full textThe macrophages have a central place in the inflammatory reactions. One of the macrophage activation way is the CD23 glycoprotein. CD23 is a receptor expressed by variety of hematopoietic cells and tissular epithelial cells. Interaction of CD23 with his ligands activates macrophages to produce various pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide. Increased levels of CD23 have been reported in various inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. In this work, we have tried to block the inflammatory reaction by peptides which bind CD23 and block the activation of this receptor, or with new anti-inflammatory drugs where quercetin is a potential applicant for anti-inflammatory therapy. The therapeutic perspectives open by this work are exciting and incite us to develop this new therapeutic approaches to treat the chronic inflammatory diseases
Biarc, Jordane. "Bactéries et cancérogenèse : identification des protéines pro-inflammatoires et pro-cancérogènes de Streptococcus infantarius." Strasbourg 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13039.
Full textRiverin, Valérie. "Corrélations entre syndrome métabolique et fibrillation auriculaire; rôle des protéines de couplage et des marqueurs inflammatoires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29200/29200.pdf.
Full textMorin, Florence. "Etude des mécanismes fibro-inflammatoires au cours de la sclérodermie systémique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB077/document.
Full textSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder that results in skin and inner organs fibrosis, microvascular injuries and auto-immunity. This rare disease has a complex physiopathology which is due to its multifactorial origin and its various clinical manifestations. Its etiology remains unknown and no curative treatment exists at present. Our team highlighted the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by developing a hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced mouse model of SSc. This model allowed the exploration of several intracellular signalizing pathways which were involved in ROS production and promote fibrosis. In this work, we choose to investigate inflammatory signalizing pathways in SSc with a sclerodermatous graft versus host disease (Scl-GVHD) mouse model and a ROS-induced mouse model. Moreover, we studied the effects of drugs targeting these pathways in order to reinforce data providing new therapeutics. Mice from Scl-GVHD model developed a diffuse cutaneous SSc with pulmonary fibrosis, alopecia, diarrhea and liver inflammation. Production of anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 auto-antibodies and immunological activation was also found. We observed an activation of EGFR, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, AKT, ERK1/2 and Notch signaling pathways in Scl-GVHD. Inhibition of EGFR by Erlotinib showed clinical amelioration with a decreased skin fibrosis and decreased skin and liver inflammation. Moreover, Erlotinib decreased production of activated/memory CD4+ T cells and of auto-antibody anti-topoisomerase1. Co-inhibition of STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, AKT, ERK1/2 and Notch pathways by Niclosamide reversed clinical symptoms of Scl-GVHD in mice. We observed an improvement of skin and lung fibrosis, of cutaneous, hepatic and intestinal inflammation, and a reduced production of auto-antibodies. The ratio of CD4 and CD8 naive T cells was higher in Niclosamide-treated GVHD mice than in untreated GVHD mice. Mice from HOCl-model present skin and lung fibrosis and an immune activation along with the production of auto-antibodies anti-topoisomerase. We found an activation of STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and AKT signaling pathways in HOCl-mice. We also observed an activation of STAT6 signaling pathway and an overexpression of KLF4 in these sicked mice. Co-inhibition of STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and AKT pathways by Niclosamide improves skin and lung fibrosis in HOCl-mice. This drug decreased number and activation of B cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and auto-antibodies production in mice. Treatment of HOCl-mice with Leflunomide, STAT6 inhibitor, also showed an improvement of skin and lung fibrosis and of immunological abnormalities in HOCl-mice. Moreover, inhibition of STAT6 and KLF4 by Leflunomide inhibits M2 polarization of macrophages. Thus, we highlighted the role of EGFR, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, AKT, STAT6 and KLF4 signaling pathways in physiopathology of SSc. Use of inhibitors of these pathways such as Etrlotinib, Niclosamide and Leflunomide, indicate a clinical and biological efficacity in mouse. These drugs allow the control of the 3 characteristic features of SSc reproduced in these animal models: fibrosis, inflammation and autoimmunity and could thus be effective in fighting the development of clinical-biological abnormalities of SSc
Martinez, Pierre. "Importance des glycosaminoglycanes de surface dans les phénomènes inflammatoires liés au cancer." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10160/document.
Full textGlycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are sulfated polysaccharides involved in many physiological processes, through their interactions with a wide range of extracellular mediators. Among these factors, interleukin-4 (IL-4) has a central role in the M2 polarization of macrophages. Although this cytokine is a ligand of GAGs, only a few studies have been performed on the physiological role of these interactions. In this context, the first part of my thesis focused on the role of GAGs in M2 macrophage polarization. We showed that the responses induced by IL-4 are dependent on the binding to 6-O-sulfated GAGs. The reactions of GAG sulfation are tightly regulated by several families of enzymes, for which the expression is dependent on cell type and environment. Then we analyzed changes in the expression of these sulfating enzymes during macrophage polarization. Our results showed that macrophages produced different GAGs based on their phenotype, which may give them specific functions. In contrast to pro-inflammatory M1 cells, M2 macrophages release factors involved in tissue remodeling and immune tolerance, which may enhance tumor progression. We verified that GAGs are capable of presenting FGF-2 to cancer cells, thus suggesting their involvement in pro-tumoral mechanisms. Finally, the role of GAGs in breast cancer was investigated in the last part of my thesis. Our results confirmed that GAGs are good ligands for selectins, so that they could promote distant metastasis
Rakhila, Halima. "Mise en évidence de dysfonctions liées au développement de l'endométriose péritonéale : contributions angio-inflammatoires des cytokines et prostaglandines." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26860.
Full textEndometriosis is a menstrual disorders, is mainly diagnosed in the peritoneal cavity by the presence of lesions, which are thought to originate from the endometrium. Little is known about the causes of endometriosis and no targeted treatment is available. Our studies were the first to show functional defects involving the immune system in the endometrium, i.e. before this tissue migrates and grows into abnormal locations. Our current main hypothesis is that endometriosis development requires a combination of immune dysfunction involving factors, such as MIF, PGE2 and PGF2α. Using a mouse model where MIF-knock out (KO) mice received intra-peritoneal injection of endometrial tissue from MIF-KO or syngenic wild type (WT) mice and vice versa, we first revealed that MIF genetic depletion resulted in a marked reduction ectopic endometrial tissue growth, a disrupted tissue structure and a significant downregulation of the expression of major inflammatory, cell adhesion, survival and angiogenic factors relevant to endometriosis pathogenesis, whereas MIF add-back to MIF-KO mice significantly restored endometriosis-like lesions number and size. This study provides compelling evidence for the role of MIF in endometriosis development and its possible interest for a targeted treatment of endometriosis. We then revealed for the first time multiple defects in PG biosynthesis and receptivity pathways, which differ between eutopic intrauterine and ectopic endometrial tissues and may, owing to the wide spectrum of PG properties, contribute to the initial steps of endometrial tissue growth and development and have an important role to play in the pathogenesis and symptoms of this disease. Afterward, we focussed on PGF2α which markedly up-regulated PGE2, CXCL-8 and VEGF secretion in endometriotic cells, through COX-2 activation. Such an effect was abolished by AL8810, a specific FP antagonist, and significantly down-regulated after specific inhibition of FP different variants signalling pathways. PGF2α enhanced angiogenesis through endothelial tubal formation and proliferation processes. These results show for the first time that PGF2α exerts an indirect angiogenic effects by interacting with ectopic stromal cells and induces the secretion of major angiogenic factors via FP signalling pathways. This study provides evidence for a new mechanism underlying endometriosis development and pathophysiology. As our last data showed distinct patterns of peritoneal fluid cytokine concentrations in endometriotic women most notably a marked increase in EGF, FGF-2, IL-1α, MIP-1β, TGFα, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, MCP-3, sCD40L, Gro Pan, IL-17α, MDC and Rantes. These changes may exacerbate the local peritoneal angiogenic and proliferative reaction observed in women with endometriosis, and contributes to its pathophysiology. Inflammation is a major hallmark of endometriosis and angiogenesis is crucial to ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Once viewed as archetypical mediators of inflammation and pain, prostaglandins and angiogenic cytokines should be now regarded major promoters of endometriotic lesions growth.
Ellouze, Mehdi. "Identification des mécanismes anti-inflammatoires de GILZ dans les monocytes/macrophages et de son potentiel thérapeutique dans le choc septique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS239/document.
Full textSepsis and septic shock, associated with a severe and uncontrolled systemic inflammation, are the main causes of death in intensive care units. Macrophages play a central role in these pathologies. They are involved in the initiation and regulation of inflammation. They recognize LPS from the bacterial cell wall via TLR4, which triggers the activation of MAPK signaling pathway and transcription factors such as NF-KB and AP1 and ultimately, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF and IL6. The expression of the protein GILZ in macrophages limits in vitro the production of IL6 and TNF in response to LPS. This effect is attributed to inactivation of NF-kB. Moreover, GILZ expression decreases in human and mouse macrophages exposed to LPS.Given the regulatory effects of GILZ in macrophages, the objectives of our study were 1) to determine whether GILZ expression is down-regulated in monocytes / macrophages (M/M) in the sepsis, 2) to determine whether the modulation of GILZ expression in M/M is sufficient to influence systemic inflammation, and 3) to identify GILZ mechanism of action in human M/M.GILZ expression was measured in the M/M of patients with septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in a murine model of endotoxemia. We observed a significant reduced expression of GILZ in these pathological contexts in human and mice. The impact of this alteration was explored in unique transgenic mouse model in which macrophages stably overexpress GILZ (CD68-GILZ).We confirmed that GILZ overexpression limits TNF production and promotes IL-10 production in in vitro LPS-stimulated macrophages. We further studied the inflammatory response and survival of these mice in models of endotoxemia and septic shock. We showed that GILZ overexpression restricted to macrophages, limits serum pro-inflammatory cytokines production, therefore decreases systemic inflammation and significantly improves mice survival. These results highlight the effects of macrophage polarization by GILZ at a systemic level.This result confirmed the need to characterize GILZ interactome in human macrophages. Two complementary approaches have been used. The first one consists of a pan-genomic double hybrid screening of human GILZ partners. The second method consists of a tandem affinity purification (TAP-TAG) of GILZ protein and its associated partners, followed by the identification of these partners by mass spectrometry. Analyses have been performed independently on nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts from human macrophage cells, genetically engineered to express GILZ protein with the two tags required for purification. This dual approach led us to identify new direct and indirect interactions between GILZ and other key proteins of TLR4 signaling pathway in human macrophages and highlight a likely role of GILZ as a transcription regulatory factor.These results confirm the anti-inflammatory role of GILZ on systemic inflammation and enhancement of lifetime in murine models of endotoxemia and septic shock. Furthermore, this work identifies for the first time the cytoplasmic and nuclear GILZ partners in human macrophages and would allow in the future, a better understanding of GILZ mechanism of action
Jantchou, Mbakop Prévost. "Facteurs de risques environnementaux et maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA0010.
Full textJarreau, Pierre-Henri. "Étude du rôle des tachykinines dans la bronchoconstriction : l'hyperréactivité bronchique, la perméabilité vasculaire et le recrutement des cellules inflammatoires dans les voies aériennes." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120038.
Full textPerin, Fabrice. "Développement d'un agent de ciblage spécifique des macrophages, le J001, poly-1,3-galactoside acylé, pour l'imagerie scintigraphique fonctionnelle de foyers inflammatoires." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3305.
Full textBouchard, Caroline. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du GPR84, un nouveau récepteur couplé aux protéines G exprimé par la microglie dans des conditions inflammatoires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24392/24392.pdf.
Full textPittet, Jean-Christophe. "Ciblage in vivo des macrophages par une sonde d'origine bactérienne, pour l'imagerie scintigraphique des foyers inflammatoires, infectieux et tumoraux du système lymphatique." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3308.
Full textBertheau, Philippe. "Caractérisation moléculaire et étude des mécanismes de la réponse à la chimiothérapie des cancers du sein inflammatoires ou localement avancés." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077203.
Full textNguyen, Phuc. "Rôles et caractéristiques des intéractions de la sérum albumine humaine avec quelques oxicams." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120094.
Full textPirault, John. "Implication des phagocytes mononucléés dans les pathologies inflammatoires chroniques : exploration d'un modèle murin d'athérosclérose et du xanthogranulome chez l'homme." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833457.
Full textHoule, Steeve. "Études de deux récepteurs couplés aux protéines G médiant les effets inflammatoires de deux peptides dérivés du sang chez le lapin." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ53954.pdf.
Full textNessar, Rachid. "Mycobacterium abscessus : contribution à l'étude de la paroi et à la résistance aux antibiotiques." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077192.
Full textMy thesis work was focused on the study of M. Abscessus resistance to aminoglycoside drugs, including kanamycin, amikacin gentamycin and streptomycin. In this study, we reported the presence of four mutations affecting the gene coding for the 16S rRNA (rrs) within a single rRNA operon, these mutations conferred drugs résistance to M. Abscessus. Besides the substitution A1408G (E. Coli numbering) found in earlier study i found three new substitutions T1406A, ; C1409T and G1491T conferring high level résistance to kanamycin, amikacin and gentamycin (MICs > 1000 ug/ml) but not to streptomycin. These mutations were shown to confer the same drugs résistance profil in clinical isolates of M. Tuberculosis (7). On the other hand, by complementing the different spontaneous mutants of M. Abscessus with wild-type rrs gene cloned into replicative plasmid pNBVl, l showed that these mutations are recessive compared to the wild type rrs gene. The absence of the three new mutations found in this study in clinical isolates of M. Abscessus, led us to consider their potential fitness cost. Our data showed that these mutations are no-cost (the mutations have no effect on the fitness of M. Abscessus) in our in-vitro competition System. This work lead to a publication submitted to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy journal this month. Another part of my project concerns the optimization of the recombineering System; this System was successfully used in M. Abscessus to generate mutants. However its low effkiency (7% of double cross over DCO) led us to develop a better System in order to improve the method. Three major phenomenons are responsible for the low level of the double cross-over (DCO) event in M. Abscessus : singles cross over (SCO), illegitimate recombination and the presence of spontaneous kanamycin resistant isolates. I have replaced the antibiotic résistance cassette kanamycin by zeocin (a Bleomycin family of antibiotic) in order to suppress the spontaneous background, in the linear construct used to make the homologous recombination; our System improved the method (15-20 % of double cross-over). In the final part of my project I have constructed by using the optimized recombineering System a mutant in mmpL4b gene in 390S isogenic strain of M. Abscessus and have complemented this M. Abscessus mmpL4b knock out strain by cloning the gene mmpL4b into replicative vector pNBVl and transforming the mutant strain with the construct pNBVl mmpL4b. The product of this gene is predicted to be involved in the transport of GPL to the cell surface. The mutant has rough phenotype (deprived from glycopeptidolipids (GPL) at the cell surface) the complemented strain has a smooth phenotype like the wild-type M. Abscessus 390S strain. I have shown that unlike the wild type and complemented strains, The mmpL4b deletion mutant lost sliding motility, demonstrating a role of the glycopeptidolipids in conferring motility. In collaboration with Dr Thomas F Byrd's group, we have shown that the M. Abscessus 390S mmpL4b knock out strain lost the ability to form biofilm. Importantly, the deletion mutant has regained the ability to replicate in macrophage and stimulate macrophage toll-like receptor 2. This study indicates that a single genetic change associated with loss of GPL is sufficient to convert M. Abscessus to a virulent phenotype. This study lead to a publication submitted this month to Microbiology Journal
Atemezem, Guimfack Aurélie. "Mise en évidence d'interactions spécifiques entre des glycoprotéines naturelles, l'alpha-foetoprotéine ou l'alpha-1 acide glycoprotéine, et ccr5 exprime à la membrane de macrophages humains en culture primaire." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132004.
Full textBartolin, Robert. "Aide au diagnostic médical par mesures de comparaisons floues et pouvoir séparateur : approche linguistique des profils protéiques inflammatoires biologiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX21909.
Full textCarli, Cédric. "Les dysfonctions immuno-inflammatoires dans l'infertilité associée à l'endométriose : implications du facteur de la migration des macrophages (MIF) et de la prostaglandine E2 (PGE2)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26052/26052.pdf.
Full textBlin-Gonthier, Juliana. "Regulation of mRNA translation during the inflammatory response in murine macrophages." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN032.
Full textThe dynamic regulation of the protein synthesis process participates in the cell adaptation to a constantly evolving environment. Despite its critical role in gene expression regulation, the understanding of translational control in fundamental biological processes, such as immune responses, is still incomplete. The implementation of new approaches based on deep sequencing can be used to fill the gap in the knowledge of protein synthesis regulation. Notably, monosome vs polysome footprinting is an innovative approach derived from ribosome profiling that allow the characterization of 80S footprints derived either from monosomes or polysomes associated ribosomes. In this work, I identified the key parameters required to obtain a robust picture of ribosomal densities across cellular mRNAs using monosome vs polysome footprinting in murine primary bone-marrow derived macrophages (pBMDM). These immune cells are particularly interesting to study protein synthesis regulation in evolving conditions as they display a high sensitivity towards their environment and have the ability to trigger different gene expression programs depending on external cues. Their high phenotypic plasticity is in fact essential to ensure their protective functions in the organism such as the triggering and the resolution of the inflammatory response. As monosome vs polysome footprinting was initially developed in yeast, the adaptation of this method to study murine immune cells required extensive optimizations. The resulting protocol developed in this work was used to confirm that, contrary to a long lasting belief in the scientific community, murine pBMDM monosomes are actively involved in the translation process. Interestingly, we were able to recapitulate similar observations to what was previously observed in yeast regarding the features of mRNAs preferentially bound to monosomes or polysomes in murine pBMDM. This could suggest that the differential trafficking of ribosomes depending on specific features of the cellular mRNAs is a conserved mechanism of translational control. Importantly, the distribution of ribosomes across the different mRNAs is not random and the proper ribosome allocation pattern could be critical to adapt protein synthesis levels to the cellular needs. Here we developed a robust strategy to study this overlooked transcript-specific mechanism of translational control. Moreover, our optimized protocol can now be used to study the impact of translation through monosomes or polysomes at different stages of the inflammatory response in murine macrophages
Prigent, Alice. "Expression et agrégation des protéines α-synucléine et Tau dans le système nerveux entérique en condition inflammatoire." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1016.
Full textSynucleinopathies and tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by abnormal accumulation and aggregation of the proteins α-synuclein and Tau, respectively. Neuroinflammation plays a central role in the physiological functions and aggregation of these two proteins. During Parkinson's disease, α-synuclein inclusions are found throughout the digestive tract and many studies have shown the presence of intestinal inflammation in Parkinson's patients. In this context, we hypothesized that intestinal inflammation could alter the regulation of these two proteins and that the concept of enteric synucleinopathy could extend to tauopathies. Thus, the objectives of our project aimed to study the role of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation on the regulation and aggregation of α-synuclein and Tau. We have shown, in vitro and in vivo, that acute intestinal inflammation downregulates α-synuclein via a p38 pathway, and that this regulation is specific to enteric neurons. On the other hand, in biopsies of Crohn’s disease patients, we have observed an upregulation of α-synuclein and Tau, in the absence of pathological forms. This regulation was not linked to a transcriptional mechanism but to a decrease in the degradation of these two proteins throughout a NRF2/NDP52 pathway. Therefore, our work suggests that intestinal inflammation dysregulates the expression of these two key proteins and could, in the long term, contribute to their pathogenicity
Afroun-Talantikite, Samia. "Activation des macrophages péritonéaux murins : modifications dans le profil de glycosylation des protéines, et dans l'activité bactéricide vis-à-vis du BCG." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112165.
Full textWiedemann, Agnès. "Modulation de la phagocytose par "Yersinia"." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20005.
Full textKapel, Nathalie. "Intêret physiopathologique et clinique de la détermination des profils protéiques sériques et fécaux au cours des maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P056.
Full textChrusciel, Sandra. "Rôle de P53 dans les macrophages alvéolaires en réponse à diverses agressions environnementales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1187.
Full textThere are several types of environmental attacks: biological (viruses, bacteria …), chemical (gases, smokes, metals …), physical appearances (rumours, brilliances …), and others such as the stress for example. The respiratory system, which represents a major interface with the environment, is particularly vulnerable towards these attacks, which often have lung consequences, being able to sometimes lead to the death. The tobacco in particular is the cause of about 100 million deaths during the XXth century according to the World Health Organization (WHO), and will be the cause about a billion deaths in the next century. The exhibition in the smoke of cigarette engenders a chronic inflammation and is often correlated in the development of cancers (1), but also leads of numerous
Sivelle, Coline. "Conception et production d’anticorps anti-TNFa non immunogènes pour le traitement des maladies inflammatoires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS603.
Full textEfficacy of anti-TNFα antibodies is well known to be affected by their immunogenicity. Some patients developp anti-drug antibodies (ADA) which can elicit adverse effects and neutralize the therapeutic protein. Adalimumab (Humira®), which is the most used anti-TNFα, is reported to be immunogenic for more than 30% of patients in some diseases. T-cell epitopes that account for its immunogenicity are mostly carried by regions implied in the interaction with TNFα. In the present work, we propose to remove T-cell epitopes from the antibody sequence while maintaining its functionality.To undertake this issue, this PhD project uses Yeast Surface Display (YSD) to monitor the affinity of the biologic during the mutagenesis process. To do so, a comparison of different expression formats of antibody in YSD has been performed in order to define the format that will be used for the deimmunization method. Then, the strategy chosen to reduce immunogenicity is based on T-cell epitopes removal. First, it merges deep mutational scanning and in silico HLA II binding prediction to identify substitutions deleterious for HLA II/T-cell epitopes interaction while neutral for the function of the biologic. Secondly, these substitutions were combined to obtain libraries pre-enriched with functional sequences. Mutants with reduced immunogenic potential were then selected from these libraries. Several mutants of adalimumab with reduced immunogenicity potential according to HLA II binding prediction were identified and caracterized. All of them show an increased affinity for TNFα associated with an improvement of activity of at least two fold in comparison to adalimumab
Fixe, Philippe. "Rôle du macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) et de son recepteur (C-FMS) au cours d'hémopathies malignes et de maladies inflammatoires." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO103C.
Full textAudoy, Julie. "Mécanismes de régulation des macrophages cérébraux dans des maladies du système nerveux central." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27079/27079.pdf.
Full textVarin, Audrey. "Transcription du VIH-1 dans le macrophage et dans les cellules promonocytaires : rôle des protéines Nef et Vpr exogènes." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESAA009.
Full textMougin, Bruno. "Immunogénicité des glycoprotéines membranaires du virus de la rougeole : influence du vecteur de présentation de l'antigène sur la réponse immunitaire et sur les interactions avec le macrophage." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1T048.
Full textMoreau, Kévin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des voies cellulaires détournées au cours de l'infection in vitro par les Yersinia : rôle de l'autophagie dans la survie intracellulaire de Yersinia pseudotuberculosis dans les macrophages." Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL2S002.
Full textBarry, Abdoulaye Oury. "Etude des mécanismes de survie des bactéries intracellulaires dans les macrophages." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5026/document.
Full textThrough evolution, pathogens have developed strategies to survive within their host by interfering with the biogenesis of phagolysosomes. As it is known that C. burnetii lives in acidic phagosome which is unable to fuse with the lysosomes and that its virulence is associated with the expression of LPS, we studied the role of C. burnetii LPS in hijacking of phagosomal conversion. Indeed, we showed that the virulent C. burnetii and its LPS are located in Lamp-1+ compartments which do not acquire CathepsineD and Rab7 is not recruited to their surface. Contrary to LPS of avirulent C. burnetii, which is located in the lysosomes, the LPS of virulent C. burnetii (vLPS) does not induce activation of the p38 MAPKinase and it prevents the recruitment of Rab7 to the surface of compartments by destabilizing the HOPS complex. Finally, we demonstrated that virulent bacteria expressing virulent LPS hijack phagosomal conversion to survive and multiply in macrophages by preventing activation of p38-MAPK/Vps41HOPS axis. We also studied the mechanisms by which Tropheryma whipplei, the agent of Whipple's disease, replicates in macrophages, which are its target in vivo. We have shown that T. whipplei blocks the conversion of its phagosome. Indeed, after purification of phagosomes containing-T. whipplei, we observed by Western blot and confocal microscopy that T. whipplei survives in an immature phagosome with characteristics of both early and late phagosomes (presence of Rab5 and Rab7) making it unable to fuse with lysosomes. As the IL-16 is known to induce replication of T. whipplei, we studied the effect of this cytokine on the phagosome biogenesis of T. whipplei
Lacombe, Caroline. "La galactosémie congénitale : la physiopathologie peut-elle être liée aux modifications post-traductionnelles des protéines ?" Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMM202/document.
Full textThe congenital galactosemia is a metabolic disease involved in the galactose pathway. Indeed, the enzyme responsible of the galactose-1-phosphate transformation in glucose-1-phosphate, the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, is deficient and then leads to a use of galactose almost impossible. This leads to an accumulation of galactose and its derived products, the galactose-1-phosphate and the galactitol. Thus, our work hypothesis is that metabolites involved in this disease cause post-translational modifications of proteins inducing their premature aging. We then studied the impact of the « galactation » on the type I collagen and showed that the structural modifications are more important with galactose than with glucose at the same concentration, on both the primary and the fibrillar structure. On contact with « galacted » collagen, the inflammatory cells functions are also modified. The infrared spectroscopy technique has been used to characterize the metabolites involved in the galactosemia, just as the modified collagens. With the aim of screening, an infrared spectroscopy study of galactosemic plasmas allowed us to highlight the potential of this technique, with its good sensibility and its low cost price. To conclude, the post-translational modifications of proteins seem strongly involved in the physiopathology of the congenital galactosemia