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Academic literature on the topic 'Protéines – Métabolisme – Sécrétions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Protéines – Métabolisme – Sécrétions"
Gachon, Frédéric. "Protéomique circadienne." Biologie Aujourd'hui 212, no. 3-4 (2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2018025.
Full textTESSERAUD, S., and S. TEMIM. "Modifications métaboliques chez le poulet de chair en climat chaud : conséquences nutritionnelles." INRAE Productions Animales 12, no. 5 (December 1, 1999): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1999.12.5.3894.
Full textREMOND, B., J. KEROUANTON, and V. BROCARD. "Effets de la réduction de la durée de la période sèche ou de son omission sur les performances des vaches laitières." INRAE Productions Animales 10, no. 4 (October 8, 1997): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1997.10.4.4004.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Protéines – Métabolisme – Sécrétions"
Collette, Tina. "Études de facteurs endometriaux participant au remodelage tissulaire et à l'angiogénèse dans le développement de l'endométriose." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18350.
Full textTheysgeur, Sandy. "Propriétés biologiques d’hydrolysats protéiques en relation avec la régulation du métabolisme énergétique." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R026.
Full textThe increase in the world population and the improvement in living standards mean that the demand for animal protein is expected to double by 2050. This will result in an increase in the surface area of agricultural land, with negative effects on climate and biodiversity. There is an urgent need to better qualify agri-food proteins and diversify their sources to address the problems associated with global protein demand. The pet food market is also growing steadily, due to the increase in the population of dogs and cats, and an increasingly humanized relationship between the owner and the animal. As a result, living conditions have evolved, ultimately possibly leading to metabolic disorders in cats and dogs. Gastrointestinal digestion of proteins has long been considered exclusively for its role in providing amino acids; nevertheless, many studies have shown the involvement of protein-derived bioactive peptides, generated during digestion, in many biological functions such as energy homeostasis. They modulate the secretion of intestinal hormones such as cholecystokinins (CCK) and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), which are short-term signals involved in the regulation of food intake. The main objective of this thesis was to measure the effects on the regulation of energy homeostasis of two protein hydrolysates, resulting from prior screening (a fish source, PWF and a meat source, XVP 15035), intended for the pet food applications. As a first step, an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model simulating dog digestion was developed. A study was then conducted to characterize the fate of hydrolysates during in vitro digestion and to determine the effect of these digestates on the regulation of short-term food intake, both by their ability to regulate the secretion of CCKs and GLP-1 produced by enteroendocrine cells, and by their ability to inhibit the activity of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) modulating GLP-1 activity.Novel bioactive peptides able to stimulate the secretion of intestinal hormones and to inhibit the DPP-IV activity were then identified using separation methods coupled with mass spectrometry. An in vivo study, conducted in parallel in high-fat diet fed rats, revealed in particular the inhibitory effect of PWF hydrolysate on short term food intake
Jouannot, Ouardane Gurvan. "Etude de l'exocytose des granules de sécrétion : arrimage à la membrane plasmique et expansion du pore de fusion." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077079.
Full textRegulated exocytosis is a cellular process of fusion of secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane. We studied the docking step and the dilation of the fusion pore. First, we studied the role of the adaptor protein Myrip which forms a complex with Rab27a at the surface of secretion granules and Myosin Va. Myrip can also interact with actin. We showed that silencing Myrip changes the distribution of secretory granules from cell periphery to the peri-nuclear region. Myrip also plays a role in docking of granules at the plasma membrane. The double role of recruitment of Myosin Va to granules and interaction with actin allows to couple peripheric retention and plasma membrane docking. Secondly, we studied the role of Cdc42 in fusion pore dilation. We showed that silencing of Cdc42 decreases the number of full release exocytotic events, due to a slower kinetic of fusion pore expansion. Inhibition of Cdc42 triggers an increase of abortive fusion events. Membrane tension measurements showed a decrease in tension of Cdc42 silenced celles. The effect of Cdc42 can be mimicked by inhibition of Myosin II which decreases membrane tension as well
Péron-Cane, Caroline. "Suivi en temps réel des protéines bactériennes sécrétées." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS314.
Full textUpon infection, bacterial pathogens deploy an arsenal of virulence factors promoting the invasion of their host organisms. Although these bacterial effectors have been well characterized, the dynamics of their secretion and of their intracellular localization in the host remain poorly described due to the lack of appropriate tools allowing their visualization in real time. Indeed, common fluorescent tags like GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) are thought inactive after transport through bacterial secretion systems. To overcome these limitations, we took advantage of FAST (Fluorescence-Activating and absorption Shifting Tag), a tunable fluorescent probe where the fluorescence results from the rapid association with a membrane-permeant fluorogenic ligand. In this work, we showed that FAST can be used to visualize effectors secreted by several bacterial secretion systems (T3SS, T5SS and Sec). By measuring FAST secretion, we quantified the dynamics of formation and rupture of internalization vacuoles occupied by Listeria monocytogenes. Monitoring the location of LLO, a major virulence factor secreted by L. monocytogenes during invasion of epithelial cells, we identified a compartment in which bacteria can replicate, before colonizing the host cytoplasm. In addition to validating a fluorescent tool to monitor the real-time localization of bacterial proteins exported by various secretion systems, this study updates the model of the intracellular cycle of L. monocytogenes during epithelial cell infection
Lallemand, Mathilde. "Dissection des interactions entre les composants du système de sécrétion de type II chez la bacterie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya dadantii)." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665584.
Full textHuleux-Maurs, Claire. "Étude comparative de l'effet de la cytochalasine D sur les régulations adrénergiques et cholinergiques de la sécrétion des protéines et du métabolisme du glycogène dans les glandes parotides de rat." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112063.
Full textSantos, Moreno Javier. "Molecular mechanism of pseudopilus assembly in the Klebsiella oxytoca type II secretion system." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC216/document.
Full textThe type II secretion system (T2SS) drives the translocation of folded, periplasmic proteins across the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. Secretion is carried out by an envelope-spanning nanomachine that is similar to the apparatus that builds type IV pili (T4P), bacterial surface filaments involved in adhesion, motility and other functions. In the Pul T2SS of Klebsiella oxytoca, overexpression of pul genes in plate-grown bacteria allows the assembly of T4P-like surface fibres made of PulG subunits, suggesting that a periplasmic pseudopilus fibre plays a role in the secretion of the type II substrate pullulanase under physiological conditions. In this project, we explored the molecular mechanism of pseudopilus assembly by focusing on the interaction between PulG and the T2SS inner membrane and pseudopili components. The network of interactions of PulG with the minor pseudopilins PulH, I, J and K and the assembly platform (AP) components was established using bacterial two-hybrid analysis. To validate these interactions, we combined biochemical approaches (affinity co-purification, chemical or cysteine cross-linking) with functional assays of secretion and pseudopilus formation. We provide evidence of the interaction between PulG and the AP proteins PulF and PulM, and delve into the PulG-PulM interface. Our results point to the formation of a PulK-I-J-H-G complex in the plasma membrane involved in early steps of fibre assembly, with a determinant role for PulG and PulH interaction with PulM and PulF. We obtained experimental evidence supporting a major role for PulM in pseudopilus assembly and protein secretion, probably by intervening in the assembly of the T2SS apparatus and in pseudopilus elongation. The results of experimental and in silico studies in collaboration with experts in mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics support the essential role of the highly conserved PulG residues Glu5 and Thr2, which participate in PulM binding. In addition, Glu5 probably favours PulG membrane extraction by neutralising its N-terminal positive charge through intra-molecular interaction. These findings shed new light on early membrane events during fibre assembly, and open new and exciting avenues in research on T2SSs and related nanomachines.protein secretiontype 4 pilifibre assemblymembrane protein complexprotein-protein interactionsimmunofluorescence microscopymolecular dynamics simulationsbacterial two-hybrid assaymass spectrometrybacterial nanomachines
Pepin, Émilie. "Étude dans la cellule bêta pancréatique de voies inhibitrices de la sécrétion d'insuline liées au métabolisme des lipides." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9717.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disease caused by genetic as well as environmental factors, such as sedentarity and obesity. Pancreatic β cell dysfunction is now recognized as the key factor in T2D development. Our laboratory is studying the mechanisms of regulation of insulin secretion by the pancreatic β cell in response to nutrients. While the knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for initiation of insulin secretion in response to glucose and fatty acids is quite advanced, the inhibitory processes of insulin secretion in normal or pathological situations are still poorly understood. This doctoral thesis has focused on the identification of some of the mechanisms responsible for negative regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β cell. We have addressed this issue under normal situation or pathological conditions related to T2D. We first tested the hypothesis by which a mitochondrial enzyme, short-chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD), negatively regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) by limiting the concentrations of some fatty acids and their derivatives such as acyl-CoA or acyl-carnitine molecules in the β cell. For this purpose, the downregulation of SCHAD by RNA interference (RNAi) was used in the pancreatic β cell line INS832/13. Then, we tested wether a prolonged administration of high-fat diet to mice (diet-induced obesity mouse model, DIO) would modulate intracellular metabolic and molecular pathways responsible for inhibition of insulin secretion. C57BL/6 mice were therefore fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by insulin secretion, intracellular lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and intracellular signaling measurements on isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans of those mice. Our results suggest that SCHAD negatively regulates GIIS and amino acid-induced insulin secretion. We propose that fatty acid oxidation by SCHAD would prevent the accumulation of short-chain acyl-CoAs or acyl-carnitines capable of potentiating insulin secretion. In addition, SCHAD regulates glutamate metabolism by the allosteric inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) preventing the hyperinsulinemia caused by excessive GDH activity. The study of β cell dysfunction in the DIO mouse model stratified LDR and HDR highlighted various fatty acid metabolism pathways involved in the reduction of GIIS. A decrease in the triglycerides/free fatty acid (TG/FFA) cycling associated with an increase in fatty acid oxidation and intracellular accumulation of cholesterol was shown to contribute to the decreased GIIS in DIO-HDR mice. Furthermore, alteration of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase C epsilon (PKC epsilon) signaling pathways would be responsible for those alterations in metabolic pathways observed in DIO islets and cause decreased insulin secretion. In summary, we have shed light on important pathways negatively regulating insulin secretion in pancreatic β cell. These pathways could either limit the amplitude or duration of insulin secretion after a meal, or help to preserve β-cell function by delaying exhaustion. Some of those signaling pathways could explain the altered insulin secretion observed in T2D obese patients. In light of our research, the development of therapies targeting pathways that negatively regulate insulin secretion may be beneficial for treating diabetic patients.