Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Protéines – Mutation'
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Le, Dour Caroline. "Liposdystrophies partielles liées à des mutations de la périlipine et des lamines A/C." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066467.
Full textDelgrange, David. "Etude de la multiplication de la souche JFH-1 du virus de l'hépatite C (VHC) en cellules Huh-7 : adaptation et sélection de mutations permettant une production rapide et massive du VHC, localisation subcellulaire de protéines du VHC, mise en évidence de clones cellulaires résistants à l'infection par le VHC." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S011.
Full textTeng, Ling. "Études biochimiques et protéomiques des protéines impliquées dans le dysfonctionnement du deIF508 et G551D-CFTR." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES3205.
Full textBlanc, Brigitte. "Isolement et caractérisation de mutants hyperproducteurs de protéines exportées chez Escherichia coli K-12." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10024.
Full textSt-Onge, Frédéric, and Frédéric St-Onge. "Early regional hypometabolism in presymptomatic MAPT carriers : a GENFI sub-study." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37638.
Full textPresqu’un tier des cas de démence frontotemporale est causé par une mutation sur les gènes progranulin (GRN), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) ou chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72). Plusieurs années avant le début de la maladie, plusieurs études montrent déjà des changements au niveau cérébral chez les porteurs présymptomatiques de ces mutations. En utilisant la TEP-FDG, nous posons l’hypothèse que les changements cérébraux de ces porteurs de mutations apparaîtront de façon plus précoce qu’en utilisant des techniques d’imagerie traditionnelles. Nous avons recruté 18 participants venant de familles à risque de DFT (6 porteurs de mutations MAPT et 12 nonporteurs) de l’étude GENFI. Un examen clinique et neuropsychologique complet a été effectué. Une TEP-FDG a été effectuée chez tous nos participants. Les images ont été segmentées et analysées par le logiciel MIMNeuro. Les porteurs et non-porteurs ne diffèrent pas significativement entre les groupes quant au métabolisme cérébral peu importe la région. L’évaluation visuelle par un médecin nucléiste expert ne semble pas non-plus être en mesure de différencier les porteurs des non-porteurs. L’observation qualitative des imageries des patients semble montrer des altérations médiales temporales chez la majorité des porteurs de mutation et chez quelques non-porteurs.
About one third of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are caused by mutations on the progranulin (GRN), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) or chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) genes. Several studies show that there are cerebral changes many years prior to the actual onset of the disease in pre-symptomatic carriers. Using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), we expected to observe cerebral changes in carriers earlier than other traditional imaging techniques. We recruited 18 participants from families at risk of FTD (6 carriers and 12 non-carriers) from the GENFI study. A complete clinical and neuropsychological examination was performed. FDG-PET scan was done in all participants. Carriers and non-carriers did not differ significantly regarding brain metabolism (regardless of the region). Visual inspection by an expert nuclear medicine specialist could not differentiate carriers from non-carriers. Qualitative analyses of imaging of patients showed medial temporal alterations in most carriers and in some noncarriers.
About one third of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are caused by mutations on the progranulin (GRN), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) or chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) genes. Several studies show that there are cerebral changes many years prior to the actual onset of the disease in pre-symptomatic carriers. Using fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), we expected to observe cerebral changes in carriers earlier than other traditional imaging techniques. We recruited 18 participants from families at risk of FTD (6 carriers and 12 non-carriers) from the GENFI study. A complete clinical and neuropsychological examination was performed. FDG-PET scan was done in all participants. Carriers and non-carriers did not differ significantly regarding brain metabolism (regardless of the region). Visual inspection by an expert nuclear medicine specialist could not differentiate carriers from non-carriers. Qualitative analyses of imaging of patients showed medial temporal alterations in most carriers and in some noncarriers.
Jacquet, Eric. "Relations structure-fonction du domaine d'ef-tu liant les nucleotides guanyliques : mutation de la val20, residu homologue a la position 12 de la p21." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066307.
Full textZaegel, Vincent. "Etude d'une famille de protéines spécifique des plantes impliquée dans la maintenance des génomes des organites." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/ZAEGEL_Vincent_2006.pdf.
Full textDaccache, Anthony. "Etude du mécanisme d’agrégation de la protéine Tau et son inhibition par des composés polyphénoliques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10116/document.
Full textTau isoforms are part of the microtubule-associated proteins family, mainly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. They promote the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and their stabilities, playing a key structural role in neuronal axons. In Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, the tau protein aggregates as fibrillar tangles involved in intraneuronal and glial lesions. At present, the process of aggregation present in the tauopathies is not fully understood despite a large number of studies performed in vitro. Most of the work presented in my thesis is based on an in vitro model study using recombinant tau protein with the P301L mutation. This mutant and other fragments of Tau were used to better understand the mechanism of aggregation, such as the role of the cysteines or the proline-rich region. We have shown by measurements of light scattering and fluorescence of Thioflavin S there is a system of aggregation independent of intermolecular disulfide bonds. We also studied the ability of several anti-aggregative natural polyphenols and endogenous. Our attention was particularly focused on three phenolic derivatives obtained from olive oil: hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, oleuropein aglycone. The latter was found more active than the reference inhibitor of Tau, methylene blue. Similar results were obtained with molecules from DOPAL dimerization. The inhibitory activity of fibrillization of these molecules can reach submicromolar values
Caputo, Sandrine. "Analyse structurale de protéines de l'enveloppe nucléaire impliquées dans des pathologies génétiques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066244.
Full textBenassayag, Corinne. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine homéotique Proboscipedia chez Drosophila melanogaster." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30198.
Full textManin, Catherine. "Immobilisation de mutants d'E. Coli K. 12 excrétant des protéines." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD319.
Full textThis thesis deals with the immobilization in continuous culture of Escherichia coli K-12 excretory, plasmid-harboring cells (excretion of alkaline phosphatage, plasmids pBR3222 and pJCP16). Continous cultures of these free cens show a segregationnal plasmid unstability (plasmid pBR322) and a chromosomal unstability, related to the appearance of mutants cells which don't synthesize or excrete alkaline phosphatage any more. Cell immobilization in k-carrageenan gel beads has allowed us to overcome these different kinds of unstability. This increased stability in immobilized cens is essentially due to the mechanism properties of the gel bead system, which may only allow a limited number of cens divisions to occur in each cavity before the clones escape from the gel beads. Alkaline phosphatage diffusion through carrageenan gel beads is not limitative in continuous culture. Cell leakage is reduced in the case of k-carrageenan gel beads coated with pol yethy leneimine. We use immunogold labelling of ultrathin sections of immobilized cells to elucidate the alkaline phosphatage excretion mechanism. Alkaline phosphatage does not seem to pass through membrane vesicles. Immunogold labelling of another enzyme, B-Iactamase, would be necessary ta canclude on this mechanism
Tanguy, Gaëlle. "Rôle des interactions moléculaires dans le processus de maturation de la protéine CFTR : implications de CSN5 et de la voie du signalosome." Paris 12, 2007. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003375620204611&vid=upec.
Full textCystic Fibrosis is the most common genetic disease in Caucasians and is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator). The most frequent mutation is the deletion of Phenylalanine 508 (F508del) that produces a protein with processing and functional defects. The aim of our work was to identify new CFTR partners, implicated in its processing, recycling or function. We realized a yeast two hybrid screening with the third cytoplasmic loop of CFTR as a bait. We identified 14 new CFTR partners in yeast with this approach. The interaction between CFTR and 4 of these proteins was confirmed in human cellular models. We then studied the role of CSN5 in CFTR processing. We showed that CSN5, the fifth subunit of signalosome, associates with misfolded CFTR and targets it to the proteasome-dependant degradation pathaway. We propose an additional degradation pathway of CFTR implicating the signalosome as a new processing checkpoint. We also showed in two different cellular models that CFTR is NEDDylated and that this new post-translational modification is CSN5-dependant. In a second study, we investigated the role of CSN5 in gene regulation in CF cells using DNA microarrays. IB3-1 cells (F508del/W1282X) treated with siCSN5 presented a deregulation of more than 400 genes, most of them implicated in inflammatory and stress response pathways. CSN5 was also found to be a negative regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 production in response to TNFα stimulation. CSN5 interacts with a variety of signalling molecules and regulates their stability, and is also a key molecule that directs cells towards apoptosis or stress response (UPR). Identifying CSN5 as a new component of the network of the degradative pathway is an important step towards the goal of unraveling the sorting between misfolded and correctly folded CFTR proteins, possibly implying a NEDDYlation step. Moreover, CSN5 could be considered in the mechanisms of excessive inflammatory response observed in CF patients
Seroude, Laurent. "Déterminants de la spécificité fonctionnelle de la protéine homéotique proboscipedia." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30148.
Full textElkhatib, Razan. "Caractérisation de la lamina nucléaire et de ses protéines partenaires au cours de la spermatogenèse humaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0203.
Full textThe morphogenesis of mature spermatozoa takes place during spermiogenesis, the last phase of spermatogenesis.This differentiation involves drastic changes in the nuclear envelope associated with profound chromatin remodelling.Our work was focused on the nuclear envelope of spermatids during human spermatogenesis.We have characterized, the nuclear lamina, a protein meshwork component of the nuclear envelope, and its protein partners potentially implicated in the linkage lamin-chromatin: LEM-domain proteins, LBR, chromatinien protein BAF and BAF-L.Our study revealed the exclusive presence of B-type lamins concentrated at the posterior pole of mature spermatozoaat the end of spermiogenisis and we have identified and characterised the testis-specific isoform lamin B3 in human.We have also discovered and characterized the lamin A2, a meiotic isoform expressed from the LMNA gene in human and mouse. By studying abnormal globozoospermic spermatozoa, we were able to identify BAF as a potential biomarker of spermatozoa nucleus immaturity.Moreover, we have identified the second loss-of-function mutation in the nuclear envelope protein SUN5 in three related patients, and thus demonstrated its involvement in the formation of the spermatozoa head-tail junction.Our characterization of the nuclear lamina and its protein partners during human spermiogenesis, provides a better understanding of its role in the differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa, and provides a solid basis for future investigation of cases of male infertility related to nuclear anomalies
Khanamiryan, Luiza. "Etude des différents domaines de la synémine, son assemblage et implication possible dans les maladies neuromusculaires." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077081.
Full textThe synemin is an intermediate filament of type IV, initially characterized like an IFAP because it co-purified with thé filaments of the type III. Three isoforms of the synemin result from an alternative splicing of the same gene: synemin H 180 kDa (high), synemin M 140 kDa (middle) and synemin L 41 kDa (low). The synemin form obligatory heteropolymers with the filaments of the type III or IV, because it needs a partner to form the filaments. The synemins can co-polymerize with desmin in the muscles, the GFAP in the astrocytes and the NFS in the neurons to form heteropolymers. The comparison of the sequences of the human synemin and the other intermediate filament of type III and IV showed that the synemîn has a very short N-terminal head of 10aa and the absence or partial sequence conservatïon of motives characferistic of the intermedïate filaments. Many changes were been introduced into the sequence of synemin by the directed mufagenesis to study the role of each fiefd in the assembly the head and the central rod domains. We defermined the important fields fo the formation of network. In addition, with the goal to study the C-terminal not helical part (tail) of fhis protein, it was been cut ouf in many fragments and was been expressed in the cells in order to find the interactions with other proteins. The sites of interactions with proteins of the type III desmin and the vimentin were been identified Finally, the test part relates to the research of the mutations in the synemin gene among the patients suffering from DRM. The DNA of patients was been analysed by using vartous methods
Michiel, Magalie1980. "Analyses structurales et fonctionnelles des petites protéines de choc thermique : le cas des alpha-cristallines." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066487.
Full textLonquety, Mathieu. "Prédiction des résidus du noyau du repliement protéique et de leur stabilité." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077198.
Full textThe calculation of a 3D structure for a globular protein is well established, however, thé mechanisms involved in the folding process are still hypothetical. An algorithm that simulates the early steps of folding, on a lattice network, has previously been developed, allowing prediction of which amino acids are required to define the folding core of a protein. These residues are called Most Interacting Residues (MIR). Evaluation of this tool concludes that whilst all the essential residues needed for folding are captured, there still remains a number of false positives. Therefore, the tool's precision needs to be increased, thus additional structural data added into the current algorithm. Initially, several options were explored with the aim of improving the algorithm, these were: detection of structural and conserved motifs obtained from multiple alignments (PRINTS), autonomous folding units (Foldons), structure splitting in topological fragments (Tightened End Fragments or TEF) or triplet of conserved amino acids during Evolution (Triplets). Only thé information provided by the TEF approach allow us to achieve an improvement in our method. Subsequently, a further study was undertaken with additional data on the structural stability of a protein after point mutations. Our results show that there is a strong correlation between highly destabilizing positions in a protein structure and the MIR. All the results are available on a database located at the following URL: http://bioinformatics. Eas. Asu. Edu/sprouts. Html. These studies have given rise to a new method devoted to the prediction of residues involved in the folding nucleus, and the preliminary results are encouraging
Vaglio, Philippe. "Etude de la relation structure-fonction de la protéine kinase CK2 par mutagenèse dirigée des résidus basiques conservés." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T029.
Full textBidaud, Pauline. "Dépistage des cancers de la cavité buccale : étude de l'expression des membres de la famille p53 et des mutations du gène TP53." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN4071.
Full textIn France, oral carcinomas represent respectively 5th and 10th place of cancer incidence and mortality. Alcohol and tobacco are the two major risk factors for these tumours of which treatments are very mutilating and not really beneficial for patient survival. So, it’s necessary to develop early screening and diagnosis techniques, to identify lesions that represent high risk for patient survival. P53 family (p53, p63 and p73(α)) seems to be very implicated in oral carcinogenesis, a multi-step process. We were interested in its expression, at protein and transcriptional levels, and in TP53 mutations, during the different steps of carcinogenesis. We have also studied CD44, a cell surface marker, potentially a cancer stem cells marker. Analysis carried on 46 cases of small oral carcinomas from a retrospective preliminary study. Results showed a p53, p63 and p73α expression raised in oral carcinoma against « normal » mucosa, and a correlation of these proteins expression between intraepithelial neoplasia and oral carcinoma, suggesting a role in oral carcinogenesis. All these proteins and CD44 express only in maturating cells, reinforcing their role in cancer emergence. P63, p73α and CD44 combination allows us to isolate an undifferenciated phenotype. We showed that p53 and p63 expression in oral carcinomas reflects alcohol-smoking intoxication. Finally, TP53 mutations assert themselves as being exposition markers for carcinogens and « inactivating » mutations seems to predispose to weak survival
Alout, Haoués. "Evolution de la résistance aux insecticides au locus ace-1 chez les moustiques." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20019.
Full textThe acetylcholinesterase-1 (AChE1) is a key nervous system enzyme, which is the target of organophosphorous and carbamates insecticides. We identified mutations at the ace-1 locus responsible for insecticide resistance in mosquitoes and characterized them biochemically. Only three mutations (G119S, F290V and F331W) were found in natural populations and the AChE1 G119S, which appears to be the most frequent, provides a broader spectrum of resistance. While the G119S mutation is present in several mosquito species, the F290V mutation was found only in C. Pipiens where it occurs seven times independently in the Mediterranean countries. The F331W was also found only in C. Tritaeniorhynchus where it appears to be fixed along a 2000 km transect in China. Additionally, several duplicated ace-1 alleles, associating a susceptible and a resistant copy (G119S or F290V) were detected in natural populations of C. Pipiens. The ace-1 duplication associated with the G119S mutation was also detected in An. Gambiae mosquitoes. The duplicated alleles are expected to reduce the fitness cost of these mutations. The low number of mutations found in five mosquito species and the existence of many duplicated alleles in natural populations suggest an important constraint on AChE1 enzyme. The probability to select for a further mutation responsible for resistance is very low. Then, we attempt to develop new chemical insecticides to control specifically the G119S AChE1 resistant mosquitoes in order to limit the selection for a new resistant mechanism
Boubaker, Chokri. "Etude génétique de familles consanguines atteintes de diverses formes de la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5010.
Full textMy research is entitled "Molecular analysis of consanguineous families Tunisian and Lebanese with clinical signs of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". The objectives of the PhD research were to identify and localize the genes implicated in these clinic forms of CMT and to elucidate the functional impact of mutations and the associated physiopathology mechanisms. For this purpose several technologies were used such as Fluorescent Direct Sequencing of known genes published in CMT disease. We have identified two novel mutations in patients from consanguineous Tunisian families: the first mutation (c.514_514insG; p.Ala172Glyfs*27) was detected in FGD4 by Fluorescent direct sequencing. Skin and nerve biopsy structure of these patients were studied under a microscope. Furthermore, the expression profile of FRABIN was studied by western blot. The cellular localization of this protein is under further examinations with the use of immunofluorescent. The second mutation (c.2968delC; p.Leu990Trpfs*24) was identified using High throughput sequencing in the SH3TC2 gene, The duplication of CMT1A in patients from Tunisia was demonstrated by Array CGH technique. The identified mutations will be subjected to functional studies to determine their impact on protein and to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease. Detail data analysis is currently underway for these projects using High throughput sequencing and other methods as appropriate in both Tunisian and Lebanese families
Maxan, Alexander. "Mutant protein spread in Huntington's disease and its implications for other neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66695.
Full textFrappier, Vincent. "Développement, validation et nouvelles applications d’un modèle d’analyse des modes normaux basé sur la séquence et la structure de protéines." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9468.
Full textAl, Bazzal Ali. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine PB1-F2 de différents virus grippaux." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077102.
Full textPB1-F2 protein is encoded by an alternative reading frame in the PB 1 segment of influenza virus. PB1-F2 is involved in the induction of apoptosis and would target the mitochondria by interacting with the pore permeability transition pore complex (PTP) of the mitochondrial. In this work, the variants of PB1-F2 were produced in bacteria and purified by gel filtration using a His-tag. The behavior of the renatured protein was studied by circular dichroism in media have an increasing hydrophobicity. PB1-F2 is disordered in an aqueous medium, it adopts a ß-sheet structure and polymerizes with increasing hydrophobicity of the medium. PB1-F2 forms a amyloid fibers under some hydrophobic conditions and permeabilizes lipid membranes. PB1-F2 induces PTP opening in mitochondria. This opening was inhibited by specific inhibitors of VDAC and ANT. This protein causes swelling matrix and a fall of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm)) dependent of PTP. The specific inhibitors of PTP proteins prevent the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and matrix swelling induced by PB1-F2. Truncated forms of PB1-F2 in its C-terminal region showed effects of depolarization and mitochondrial swelling different, which identified a region of PB1- F2 involved in the observed effects on mitochondria. All these results suggest that PB1-F2 structure in a membrane environment and carries out an mitochondriotoxic activity requiring PTP opening, probably by targeting ANT and / or VDAC
Diribarne, Mathieu. "Identification du gène et de la mutation causale responsables du caractère rex chez le lapin." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0015.
Full textThe rex rabbit trait “autosomal recessive” induces a plush-like fur essentially composed of awn hair with high economic value (the coat is orylag®). The rex gene was identified on the chromosome 14, this gene is LIPH. By sequencing this gene, a deletion of one nucleotide in exon 9 (1362delA) was identified in a homozygous state in the rex rabbits. The mutation was found in total association with the rex phenotype. We shown by qPCR that in rex rabbits skin the expression level of LIPH is 3 times less than that observed in the wild phenotype since the three critical fetal stages of hair genesis with no apparent interference on follicle development. These results were confirmed by in situ hybridization and immunochemistry analysis on skin cross-sections. We also bring evidence that LIPH is not much expressed in the IRS (Internal Root Sheath) of the hair follicles in the rex and orylag® rabbits. We have also shown that the mutant protein has a reduced activity of 1. 5 compared to the wild one. These results contribute to the characterization of the metabolism of the hair follicle for which rabbit is an excellent model. They draw lines of reflexion for developments in humans and for selection criteria to improve the fur quality of orylag® rabbits
Allemandou, Aude. "Les facteurs de virulence portés par la protéine de Capside des Circovirus Porcins de type 2." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S094.
Full textPorcine circovirus type 2 is the etiologic agent of post-weaning multisystemic syndrome (PMWS) and is associated to other diseases called porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD), which affect swine and wild boars. Despite sanitary and vaccination measures, a new outbreak of PCVAD occurred in 2005 in North America and was linked with the emergence of isolates classified in the PCV-2b genogroup, which were thought to be more virulent than isolates of the other PCV-2 main genogroup, the PCV-2a one, previously prevalent in this region. Since this new outbreak, PCV-2 is still detected in swine and wild boars all over the world and no molecular factors of virulence were identified. This project was carried out in order to find molecular factors of PCV-2 virulence present on the capsid protein characterized as the most variable and immunogenic protein of PCV-2. Results showed that a PCV-2b isolate was more virulent than the PCV-2a one and also that a motif (amino acids 86 to 91) on the capsid protein which allowed to separate PCV-2 isolates in genogroup was implicated in these virulence differences. Finally, it seemed that the immunodomain 3 overlapping a strongly conserved zone of the capsid protein had no or very little effect on the PCV-2 virulence
Karami, Yasaman. "Joint analysis of dynamically correlated networks and coevolved residue clusters : large-scale analysis and methods for predicting the effects of genetic disease associated mutations." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066375/document.
Full textWe presented COMMA, a method to describe and compare the dynamical architectures of different proteins or different variants of the same protein. COMMA extracts dynamical properties from conformational ensembles to identify communication pathways, chains of residues linked by stable interactions that move together, and independent cliques, clusters of residues that fluctuate in a concerted way. It provides a description of the infostery of a protein or protein complex that goes beyond the notions of chain, domain and secondary structure element/motif, and beyond classical measures of how a protein moves and/or changes its shape. We showed the efficiency of our approach in providing mechanistic insights on the effects of deleterious mutations by pinpointing residues playing key roles in the propagation of these effects. In addition COMMA reveals a link between clusters of coevolving residues and networks of dynamical correlations. It enables to contrast the different types of communication occurring between residues and to hierarchise the different regions of a protein depending on their communication efficiency. Furthermore, we presented an approach to exploit both the sequences and structural dynamics to predict a mutational landscape. The discussion of examples, revealed physical interpretation on how the study of conservation brings significant insights on the sensitivity of conserved positions to mutations. Our proposed method, can detect protein regions that are prone to disorder or substantial conformational rearrangements. Moreover, it enabled us to suggest mutations that regulate the stability of the disordered coiled-coils
Barete, Stéphane. "Implications des tyrosine kinases dans la physiopathologie et la thérapeutique des mastocytoses." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077058.
Full textMastocytosis is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by an accumulation of proliferative mast cells with activation in various tissues. Derived from progenitors, mast cells express the membrane KIT receptor encoded by KIT proto-oncogene, which is involved in cellular differentiation and activation. KIT activating mutations, mainly in exon 17 (816 codon position), have been involved in mastocytosis, However, mutation after KIT sequencing analysis is lacking for some affected adults (5% to 30%) and children (14%) (wild type: WT). So, one can speculate that others tyrosine kinases might be involved in pathophysiology of WT mastocytosis. Targeted therapy is an option for indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM) when symptomatic care is inefficient, to block KIT WT signal transduction and/or proliferation as observed with imatinib. In this work, we have described mast cells precursors and mutations' frequencies among patients cohorts. In another work about WT patients, we have searched in inflltrated tissues (skin and bone marrow) to identify a specific kinase profile comparing to mutated patients. In this transcriptomic study, focused on kinome, our results showed up-regulation of four kinases TK (JAK3, LYN, TEK, IGF1R) in KIT 816 skin. We have then observed in two studies in ISM, a similar efficacy of masitinib, a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which might block LYN kinase, independently of KIT mutational status. If these TK might open therapeutic targets for mutated patients, WT mastocytosis pathophysiology remains to be investigated with others research tools
Ramillon, Virginie. "Étude de l'agrégation du peptide beta-amyloïde et de l'influence de la HSP104 dans Podospora anserina." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30262.
Full textAmyloid aggregation is involved in most neurodegenerative diseases such as Lewy body dementia, prion diseases or Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is associated with amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) which forms insoluble aggregates in brain. In vitro, Abeta peptides aggregate in fibrils, but the toxic species are supposed to be the oligomers. Amyloid protein studies in model organism such as yeast lead to a better understanding of their aggregation mechanism, propagation and toxicity. In yeast, prion proteins aggregation is dependent on chaperon proteins, also called Heat Shock Proteins (HSP). HSPs are able to modulate aggregation of numerous amyloid proteins. One of them, HSP104 is well known for its role on prion proteins aggregation and propagation. This chaperon protein can also interact with Abeta peptide in vitro. Our goal is to determine the effect of hsp104 deletion and HSP104 over expression on Abeta peptide aggregation in Podospora anserina. We analyzed Abeta oligomers size and distribution in vivo, using differential centrifugation, SDS PAGE and SDD-AGE. Abeta peptide was fused to GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein), so intracellular localization of Abeta peptide was followed by confocal fluorescent microscopy. We observed that Abeta peptide aggregation is modulated by HSP104 in P. Anserina. We used HSP104 specific mutants from yeast, and we determined that this chaperon has two activities on Abeta peptide aggregation: nucleation and disaggregation. Our results revealed that HSP104 needs HSP90 to disaggregate Abeta oligomers. We showed that Abeta oligomers carrying familial mutations such as Iowa mutation (D23N) and Dutch mutation (E22Q) escape HSP104 remodeling. We also analyzed HSP104 effect on P. Anserina senescence
Renvoisé, Benoît. "Rôle de la protéine SMN, produit du gène de l'amyotrophie spinale, dans l'organisation supramoléculaire du noyau." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077118.
Full textSPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY (SMA) GENE PRODUCT SMN IS PART OF THE UBIQUITOUS SMN COMPLEX, WHICH IS INVOLVED IN SPLICEOSOMAL SNRNPS ASSEMBLY AND TRAFFICKING. MOSTLY LOCATED IN THE CYTOPLASM, THE SMN PROTEIN ACCUMULATES IN NUCLEAR GEMS/CAJAL BODIES (CBS), WHERE SNRNPS TRANSIT PRIOR THEIR LOCATION WITHIN THE NUCLEOPLASM. A CLOSE CORRELATION EXISTS BETWEEN THE REDUCED NUMBER OF CELLS WITH GEMS/CBS AND THE SEVERITY OF THE SMA DISEASE. WE SHOWED A DEFECTIVE SNRNPS ACCUMULATION IN GEMS/CBS FROM FIBROBLASTS DERIVED FROM ALL THREE TYPES OF SMA PATIENTS. TRANSIENT EXPRESSION OF SMN PROTEIN IN SMA CELLS WAS SUFFICIENT TO RESTORE THE SNRNPS ACCUMULATION IN GEMS/CBS. THE OBSERVATION THAT SMN PROTEIN WAS PRESENT IN GEMS/CBS DEPLETED OF SNRNPS SUGGESTED TO US THAT SMN COULD FORM NUCLEAR BODIES ON ITS OWN. USING SMN DOMAIN DELETION MUTANTS, WE SHOWED THAT THE TUDOR DOMAIN COOPERATES WITH EACH OF THE TWO OLIGOMERIZATION DOMAINS FOR PROTEIN LOCALISATION IN GEMS/CBS. MOREOVER, WE SHOWED THAT SEVERAL SMN DOMAINS PLAY A ROLE IN THE NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROTEIN. FINALLY, THE MOST FREQUENT DISEASE-LINKED MUTANT PROTEIN SMNdelta? FORMED IN VITRO A COMPLEX THAT INCORPORATES ALTERED PROPORTIONS OF SMN PROTEIN AND GEMIN2 COMPARED TO THE FULL-LENGTH SMN PROTEIN. IN CONCLUSION, THE SMA DISEASE COULD RESULT FROM AN ABNORMAL COMPOSITION OF THE SMN COMPLEXES
Bossard, Florian. "La mucoviscidose : correction de la mutation [delta]F508 par sur-expression de NHE-RF1 : modifications d'expression de NHE-RF1 et des récepteurs [béta]-adrénergiques dans les poumons humains." Nantes, 2007. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=6c13703c-0312-4f63-9879-11bdd9fd3d9a.
Full textThe present work encompasses two projects. Firstly, we studied the impact of a protein partner of CFTR, NHE-RF1, on the most frequent mutant in cystic fibrosis (CF): deltaF508. NHE-RF1 has been described up to now for its involvement in apical trafficking and membrane stability of wild-type CFTR. Our study showed that NHE-RF1 overexpression rescued the trafficking defect of deltaF508 and rehabilitated a partial channel chloride activity. Secondly, we focused on the expression of the beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-AR) and NHE-RF1 in control and CF human lungs. Indeed, the beta1 and beta2-AR are largely expressed in the lungs where they control various biological functions. But the beta-AR stimulation leads to a faded response in CF. In addition, our team has previously shown that the third beta-AR subtype, beta3-AR, can activate CFTR. But no study has shown the presence of the beta3-AR in human lungs. These data encouraged us to analyze the three beta-AR and NHE-RF1 expressions in human control and CF bronchi samples. We thus showed that: 1) beta3-AR were expressed in human lungs and 2) a remodeling was observed in CF (beta1 and beta3-AR overexpression, beta2-AR and NHE-RF1 under-expression). The physiological relevance of this remodeling remains to be defined. However, NHE-RF1 under-expression should be taken into account for the pharmacological rescue of the patients' mutants
De, Grandis Maria. "Abnormal adhesion of red blood cells in polycythemia vera : role of the jak2V617f mutation and impact of hydroxycarbamide and interferon-α treatments." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077007.
Full textPolycythemia Vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm. It is associated with the somatic mutation JAK2V617F that renders the protein constitutively active and leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation in the erythroid lineage. PV patients exhibit a high risk of thrombosis, considered as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in this disease. PV red blood cells (RBC) have an increased adhesion to endothelial laminin mediated by phosphorylated Lu/BCAM proteins. In this work we investigated the role of JAK2V617F in activating Lu/BCAM adhesion function and the impact of two main treatments, hydroxycarbamide (HC) and interferon-α (IFN-α), on PV RBC adhesion. Our findings revealed a novel erythroid role of JAK2V617F. We demonstrated the persistence of an active JAK2V617F-dependent signaling pathway in mature PV RBCs despite the absence of cytokine receptors. We provide evidence that JAK2V617F induces Lu/BCAM phosphorylation and activates its mediated cell adhesion to laminin by stimulating a Rapl/Akt signaling pathway in the absence of EpoR. Moreover, we showed that higher JAK2V617F loads were associated with higher RBC adhesion which led to the discovery of Lu/BCAM as a biological marker for active JAK2V617F in mature circulating PV untreated RBCs. We study the effects of HC and IFN-a treatments on PV RBC proprieties, by monitoring their pro-adhesive features. We described an increased RBC adhesion in PV patients treated with hydroxycarbamide. Our findings showed that HC, but not IFN-α, was able to modulate both Lu/BCAM expression and its phosphorylation. HC was also responsible for the upregulation of Akt activity
Chabre, Olivier. "Activation des protéines G hétérotrimétriques par couplage à un récepteur ou par mutation ponctuelle : rôle dans la transduction du signal mitogénique dans les cellules endocrines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10104.
Full textBerland, Magali. "Exploration de méthodes statistiques pour la modélisation de la relation séquence-activité de protéines d'intérêt industriel." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0019.
Full textVia the accumulation of beneficial mutations through successive rounds of mutations, directed evolution offers a rational framework for the amelioration of protein of industrial interest. It enables the large exploration of the sequence space and fitness. However, they are wet-lab intensive and may reveal to be time consuming and costly. In silico approaches using minimal sets of experimental data and statistical models combined with machine learning algorithms have been developed to explore heuristically the sequence space and to identify the effect of the potential epistatic interactions between residues on protein fitness. This work focused on the construction and application of statistical models relying on minimal experimental datasets to study protein sequence to activity relationships (ProSAR). In particular, the choices of appropriate numerical encoding methods, of descriptors extracted from protein sequences and of regression methods were investigated. The original ProSAR method from R. Fox (2005) and the limits of its applicability on experimental datasets have been studied. New methods that consider physico-chemical features of amino acids and their periodicities have been explored. This study unveils novel descriptors of the sequence-activity relationship and provides innovative approaches that can deal with very diverse biological datasets, even when few biological data are available
Oria, Gabrielle. "Étude de la O-N-acétylglucosaminylation chez le parasite Toxoplasma gondii et de son rôle dans la localisation nucléo-cytopasmique des énolases." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_258.pdf.
Full textDupret, Barbara. "Etude du rôle des protéines Polycomb Pcgf1 et Ezh2 chez le poisson zèbre Danio rerio." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10115/document.
Full textPCR1 and PRC2 are complexes that control gene expression via chromatin structure reorganization. This expression regulation is maintained by adding epigentics marks H2AK119ub1 by the PRC1 and adding of H3K27me3 by the PRC2. The study devotes to study the role of the protein Pcgf1 (part of the PRC1 complex) and of the Ezh2 protein (part of the PRC2 complex) during the zebrafish development. The PRC1 complex is formed by different proteins including Pcgf proteins. There are several Pcgf homologs that have different functions. The study reveals that some Pcgf proteins have a different expression during caudal fin regeneration and development. We are interested in Pcgf1 protein during the zebrafish development. The pcgf1 gene was inactivated by using TALEN. The fish pcgf1-/- are viable and fertile. However, the early development is delayed and adults show signs of accelerated aging. This mutant is the first vertebrate model showing the role of Pcgf1 in cells proliferation during development and aging. Ezh2 protein is involved in cell-fate decisions and differenciation. Inactivation of ezh2 gene by TALEN reveals the essential role of Ezh2 during development. Indeed, at the beginning embryos develop normally then larvae die at 12 days post-fertilization. Interestingly, zebrafish embryo can gastrulate without Ezh2. This contradicts with observations in mouse model. The organs are properly formed at 5 days postfertilization. Larvae show defects in the intestinal bulb wall. Ezh2 is important for exocrine pancreas maintenance. The absence of Ezh2 causes an increase in apoptic cells. Ezh2 is essential during caudale fin regeneration
Menand, Benoît. "Etude par génétique inverse du gène codant la protéine TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN d'Arabidopsis thaliana (AtTOR), l'homologue d'une kinase contrôlant la croissance cellulaire chez les eucaryotes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/MENAND_Benoit_2002.pdf.
Full textSivadon, Pierre. "Etude des mutants rvs de saccharomyces cerevisiae présentant une altération de l'organisation du cytosquelette d'actine et de la polarité cellulaire." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28400.
Full textMiné, Manuèle. "Investigations biochimiques et moléculaires des déficits en pyruvate déshydrogénase et étude d'une mutation intronique impliquant le facteur d'épissage SC35." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P640.
Full textVirot, Sophie. "Les petites protéines de stress et leur rôle dans la mort cellulaire : étude de leur fonction chaperon à travers l'exemple de la mutation R120G del'[alpha]B-cristalline." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10095.
Full textRayon, Catherine. "La N-glycosylation chez les plantes. Etude d'une glycoprotéine modèle : la phytohémagglutinine." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES007.
Full textLe, Guyader Gwenaël. "Analyse du rôle joué par les protéines de la voie de réparation par jonction des extrémités non-homologues de l'ADN au cours du processus de commutation de classe des immunoglobulines." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077122.
Full textThe immune System is the site of intense DNA damage. Indeed, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a constant threat to ail living cells. Mammalian cells tend to utilize mainly the non-homologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ) to repair DSBs. Lack of one of the NHEJ proteins (Artemis or XRCC4) leads to a severe combined immune deficiency with radiosensitivity in mammals. Mature B cells migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, where they undergo antigen-driven immunoglobulin-gene diversification through somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination (CSR). So far, XRCC and DNA Ligase IV are the only proteins required for ail types of NHEJ reactions that have no reported roles outside NHEJ. Therefore, although most available evidence points to a role for NHEJ factors in CSR, elucidation of the role of XRCC4 would provide the most unequivocal proof. To bypass the embryonic lethality and the V(D)J recombination defect of knockout models, we tried to develop four differents strategies to identify the role of Artemis and XRCC4 in CSR. The purpose of one of these strategies was to bring about conditional inactivation of Artemis murine gene in mature germinal center B cells. We found that Artemis-deficient B cells undergo robust CSR, indicating that NHEJ pathway functions mostly in CSR via an Artemis-independent mechanism. To formally implicate NHEJ process in CSR, we built up a strategy of conditional invalidation of XRCC4 gene in mature B cells. Our results connect XRCC4 and NHEJ pathway to CSR while reflecting the use of an alternative pathway using microhomologies in the repair of CSR DSB in the absence of XRCC4
Brillet, Thomas. "Relations structure-fonction de l'alpha-hémoglobine et de sa protéine chaperon l'AHSP : octamères d'hémoglobine recombinante : application à la mise au point d'un transporteur d'oxygène artificiel." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077097.
Full textThis work concerns the study of two candidate molecules of hemoglobin (Hb) in the development of an artificial oxygen carriers and the study of structure-function relationships of α-Hb and its chaperone AHSP in the context of a mutant AHSP described in a patient with thalassemia syndromes. The first part of the work concerns the mutant α-HbH⁵⁸L, a key residue of the heme pocket in order to reduce auto-oxidation in Hb. This mutant has the same spectral characteristics regardless of the external ligand added, unlike the native protein. This mutant appears to have a hexacoordinated heme with a high affinity endogenous ligand. The second part concerns the study of recombinant Hb octamers Hb, obtained by intermolecular disulfide bond of ß-Hb (ß octamer) or α-Hb (α octamer). These octamers have functional properties similar to HbA, but with a decreased interaction with haptoglobin (Hp). Hp and a octamer form within a few hours a large complex while the ß octamer reacts much more slowly with Hp, reflecting its greater stability. The third part concerns the characterization of the complex AHSP/α-Hb. Both association and dissociation rates of the α-Hb with its chaperone were determined. For the mutant AHSPV⁵⁶G, the dissociation rate of the complex AHSP/α-Hb is 4 times reduced. The AHSPV⁵⁶G appears to be partially folded at 37 ° C with a progressive thermal unfolding curve. However the complex AHSPV⁵⁶G/α-Hb has a thermal stability close to normal. Within the complex AHSPV⁵⁶G/α-Hb, the α-Hb displays a normal function
Rollet, Églantine. "La biosynthèse des glucanes périplasmiques osmorégulés : de la démonstration des gènes impliqués chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa à l'analyse structurale de protéines impliquées chez Escherichia coli." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Rollet.pdf.
Full textHeux, Pauline. "Différenciation des cellules de la crête neurale lors de l'activation constitutive des protéines NRAS ou BRAF." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0529/document.
Full textMelanocytes are the vertebrate cells that produce melanin, conferring color on skin, hair and eyes. They arise from a multipotent embryonic cell population called the neural crest, which also gives rise to the peripheral nervous system of the body and many other cell types. Abnormal proliferation of melanocyte precursors before birth can lead to human congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN). CMN are caused by prenatal somatic mutations in the NRAS or BRAF genes of the MAP-Kinase pathway, in one of these precursors. The largest CMN, covering entire segments of the body or head, are syndromic. They are sometimes associated with epileptogenic brain or meningeal malformations, tumors or melanocytosis, and they present a risk of about 5% in all these sites of becoming pediatric malignant melanoma. During my thesis, I explored mouse models expressing constitutively activated NRAS or BRAF proteins in neural crest cell lineages, from very early in embryogenesis. BrafV600E mutant embryos are embryonic lethal at mid-gestation, probably due to coinciding vascular and brain defects. In contrast, NrasG12D mice are viable, present extracutaneous melanocytosis in various sites as well as postnatal hyperpigmentation of the skin. This is associated with increased hair follicle density, and a deregulated hair cycle. Cell culture of mutant or wildtype mouse neural crest cells of both genotypes has permitted the comparison and discovery of molecular differences introduced by these mutations
Lienhardt-Roussie, Anne. "Mutations activatrices du récepteur sensible au calcium : aspects moléculaires, phénotypiques et implications thérapeutiques à travers une large étude collaborative." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO112L.
Full textSiebor, Eliane. "Caractérisation physicochimique et immunologique de ß-lactamases chez les entérobactéries : un modèle d'étude chez le genre Serratia." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10004.
Full textZhang, Zhe. "In silico modeling the effect of single point mutations and rescuing the effect by small molecules binding." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077054.
Full textSingle-point mutation in genome, for example, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or rare genetic mutation, is the change of a single nucleotide for another in the genome sequence. Some of them will result in an amino acid substitution in the corresponding protein sequence (missense mutations); others will not. This investigation focuses on genetic mutations resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence of the corresponding protein. This choice is motivated by the fact that missense mutations are frequently found to affect the native function of proteins by altering their structure, interaction and other properties and cause diseases. Particular disease is the Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS), which is an X-linked mental retardation found to be caused by missense mutations in human spermine synthase (SMS). In this thesis, a rational approach to predict the effects of missense mutations on SMS wild-type characteristics was carried. Following this work, a structure-based virtual screening of small molecules was applied to rescue the disease-causing effect by binding the small molecules to the corresponding malfunctioning SMS mutant
Reilly, Madeline Louise. "Identification and characterisation of loss of function mutations in KIF14 leading to syndromic renal hypodysplasia." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC266.
Full textMutations in KIF14 were previously shown to lead to either isolated microcephaly or to a developmental and lethal syndromic form associating severe microcephaly with renal hypodysplasia (RHD). The latter phenotype was considered reminiscent of a ciliopathy, relating to defects of the primary cilium, a signalling organelle present on the surface of many quiescent cells. KIF14 encodes a mitotic kinesin which plays a key role at the midbody during cytokinesis, and was not previously shown to be involved in cilia-related functions. Here, we have analysed four families with foetuses presenting with the syndromic form and harbouring variations in KIF14. Our functional analyses show that the identified variations severely impact the activity of KIF14 and likely correspond to loss-of-function (LOF) mutations. 0ur analysis on human foetal kidney tissues revealed the accumulation of KIF14-positive midbody remnants in the lumen of ureteric bud tips, highlighting similarities between mitotic events during early brain and kidney development. Subsequently, analysis of a kif14 mutant zebrafish line showed a conserved role for this mitotic kinesin. Interestingly, additional ciliopathy-associated phenotypes were also present in these mutant embryos, supporting a potential novel role for kif14 at cilia. However, our in vitro and in vivo analyses ultimately indicated that KIF14 does not have a direct role in ciliogenesis and that kif14 LOF in zebrafish phenocopies ciliopathies through an accumulation of mitotic, non-ciliated cells in ciliated tissues. Altogether, our results demonstrate that KIF14 mutations result in a severe syndrome associating microcephaly and RHD through a conserved function in abscission during kidney and brain development
Etienne, Loïc. "Assemblage et sécrétion du virus de l'hépatite C : identification de dix résidus de la protéïne de capside importants pour optimiser la production du virus in vitro." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR3309/document.
Full textDevelopment and cloning in 2005 of the highly replicative strain JFH-1 was a great opportunity to study the different stages of the infectious cycle of HCV as this strain easily propagate in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Until now, these lates phases of particles assembly remain poorly understood, although the core protein is thought to probably play a major role in initiation of these mechanisms. Comparative studies of the capsid sequences of different strains of hepatitis C have allowed us to identify 10 specific residues in the JFH-1 strain that could explain the functional deficits of this protein. Indeed, the replacement in JFH-1 strain of these 10 residues by those most commonly found in strains of genotype 1 and 2 showed improvement of the assembly and secretion of new infectious particles and new subcellular localization of core. In addition, replacement of these ten residues by most common amino acid found in patients show a great enhancement of in vitro virus production and secretion. As a perspective, development of this optimized virus could also represent a valuable model to better purify and determine viral structure, and true viral assembly site; HCV fields that remain till now largely unknown